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Devi OS, Singh SS, Kamei R, Sharma HJ, Devi MA, Brahmacharimayum N. Glycosylated SARs Cov 2 interaction with plant lectins. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:185-199. [PMID: 38748325 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immune carbohydrate-binding proteins/glycoproteins that are found everywhere in nature, from bacteria to human cells. They have also been a valuable biological tool for the purification and subsequent characterisation of glycoproteins due to their carbohydrate binding recognition capacity. Antinociceptive, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory activities and immune modulatory properties have been discovered in several plant lectins, with these qualities varying depending on the lectin carbohydrate-binding site. The Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that has swept the globe, killing millions and infecting millions more. Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccinations and the vaccination of a huge portion of the world's population, viral infection rates continue to rise, causing major concern. Part of the reason for the vaccine's ineffectiveness has been attributed to repeated mutations in the virus's epitope determinant elements. The surface of the Coronavirus envelope is heavily glycosylated, with approximately sixty N-linked oligomannose, composite, and hybrid glycans covering the core of Man3GlcNAc2Asn. Some O-linked glycans have also been discovered. Many of these glyco-chains have also been subjected to multiple mutations, with only a few remaining conserved. As a result, numerous plant lectins with specificity for these viral envelope sugars have been discovered to interact preferentially with them and are being investigated as a potential future tool to combat coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by preventing viral attachment to the host. The review will discuss the possible applications of plant lectins as anti-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, antinociceptive, anti-inflammation and its immune modulating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rana Kamei
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipur University, Imphal, India
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2
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Tirpude NV, Padwad Y, Hallan V, Kumar S. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants in vaccines formulation: a promising avenue for improving vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1238-1254. [PMID: 36125739 PMCID: PMC9487851 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has posed a plethora of problems for the global healthcare system and socioeconomic burden. Despite valiant efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the situation has deteriorated to the point that there are no viable preventive therapies to treat this disease. The case count has skyrocketed globally due to the newly evolved variants. Despite vaccination drives, the re-occurrence of recent pandemic waves has reinforced the importance of innovation/utilization of immune-booster to achieve appropriate long-term vaccine protection. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants, which have multifaceted functions, can impede infections by boosting the immune system. Many previous studies have shown that formulation of vaccines using plant-derived adjuvant results in long-lasting immunity may overcome the natural tendency of coronavirus immunity to wane quickly. Plant polysaccharides, glycosides, and glycoprotein extracts have reportedly been utilized as enticing adjuvants in experimental vaccines, such as Advax, Matrix-M, and Mistletoe lectin, which have been shown to be highly immunogenic and safe. When employed in vaccine formulation, Advax and Matrix-M generate long-lasting antibodies, a balanced robust Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, and the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. Thus, the use of adjuvants derived from plants may increase the effectiveness of vaccines, resulting in the proper immunological response required to combat COVID-19. A few have been widely used in epidemic outbreaks, including SARS and H1N1 influenza, and their use could also improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, the immunological adjuvant properties of plant compounds as well as their potential application in anti-COVID-19 therapy are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind Kumar
- COVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Aashish Sharma
- COVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Narendra Vijay Tirpude
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
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3
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Padiyappa SD, Avalappa H, Somegowda M, Sridhara S, Venkatesh YP, Prabhakar BT, Pramod SN, Almujaydil MS, Shokralla S, Abdelbacki AMM, Elansary HO, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA. Immunoadjuvant and Humoral Immune Responses of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Lectins upon Systemic and Mucosal Administration in BALB/c Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041375. [PMID: 35209158 PMCID: PMC8880535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary food components have the ability to affect immune function; following absorption, specifically orally ingested dietary food containing lectins can systemically modulate the immune cells and affect the response to self- and co-administered food antigens. The mannose-binding lectins from garlic (Allium sativum agglutinins; ASAs) were identified as immunodulatory proteins in vitro. The objective of the present study was to assess the immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of garlic agglutinins and to evaluate whether they have adjuvant properties in vivo for a weak antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Garlic lectins (ASA I and ASA II) were administered by intranasal (50 days duration) and intradermal (14 days duration) routes, and the anti-lectin and anti-OVA immune (IgG) responses in the control and test groups of the BALB/c mice were assessed for humoral immunogenicity. Lectins, co-administered with OVA, were examined for lectin-induced anti-OVA IgG response to assess their adjuvant properties. The splenic and thymic indices were evaluated as a measure of immunomodulatory functions. Intradermal administration of ASA I and ASA II had showed a four-fold and two-fold increase in anti-lectin IgG response, respectively, vs. the control on day 14. In the intranasal route, the increases were 3-fold and 2.4-fold for ASA I and ASA II, respectively, on day 50. No decrease in the body weights of animals was noticed; the increases in the spleen and thymus weights, as well as their indices, were significant in the lectin groups. In the adjuvanticity study by intranasal administration, ASA I co-administered with ovalbumin (OVA) induced a remarkable increase in anti-OVA IgG response (~six-fold; p < 0.001) compared to the control, and ASA II induced a four-fold increase vs. the control on day 50. The results indicated that ASA was a potent immunogen which induced mucosal immunogenicity to the antigens that were administered intranasally in BALB/c mice. The observations made of the in vivo study indicate that ASA I has the potential use as an oral and mucosal adjuvant to deliver candidate weak antigens. Further clinical studies in humans are required to confirm its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthishree D. Padiyappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Hemavathi Avalappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Madhusudana Somegowda
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Shankarappa Sridhara
- Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Yeldur P. Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India;
| | - Bettadatunga T. Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadi Shokralla
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki
- Applied Studies and Community Service College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
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Dhanushkodi NR, Srivastava R, Prakash S, Roy S, Coulon PGA, Vahed H, Nguyen AM, Salazar S, Nguyen L, Amezquita C, Ye C, Nguyen V, BenMohamed L. High Frequency of Gamma Interferon-Producing PLZF loRORγt lo Invariant Natural Killer 1 Cells Infiltrating Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Corneas Is Associated with Asymptomatic Ocular Herpesvirus Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e00140-20. [PMID: 32102882 PMCID: PMC7163123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00140-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells are among the first innate immune cells to elicit early protective immunity that controls invading viral pathogens. The role of the iNKT cell subsets iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 in herpesvirus immunity remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the protective role of cornea-resident iNKT cell subsets using the mouse model of ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) mice and CD1d knockout (KO) mice were infected ocularly with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (strain McKrae). Cornea, spleen, and liver were harvested at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 14 days postinfection (p.i.), and the frequency and function of the three major iNKT cell subsets were analyzed and correlated with symptomatic and asymptomatic corneal herpesvirus infections. The profiles of 16 major pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in corneal lysates using Western blot and Luminex assays. Early during ocular herpesvirus infection (i.e., day 2), the gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing PLZFloRORγtlo (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gT) iNKT1 cell subset was the predominant iNKT cell subset in infected asymptomatic corneas. Moreover, compared to the asymptomatic corneas of HSV-1-infected WT mice, the symptomatic corneas CD1d KO mice, with iNKT cell deficiency, had increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and the JAK1, STAT1, NF-κB, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways. Our findings suggest that IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells play a role in the protective innate immune response against symptomatic ocular herpes.IMPORTANCE We investigated the protective role of iNKT cell subsets in asymptomatic ocular herpesvirus infection. We found that early during ocular herpesvirus infection (i.e., on day 2 postinfection), IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells were the predominant iNKT cell subset in infected corneas of asymptomatic B6 mice (with little to no corneal herpetic disease), compared to corneas of symptomatic mice (with severe corneal herpetic disease). Moreover, compared to asymptomatic corneas of wild-type (WT) B6 mice, the symptomatic corneas of CD1d KO mice, which lack iNKT cells, showed (i) decreases in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12, (ii) an increase in the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6; and (iii) downregulation of the JAK1, STAT1, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 pathways. The findings suggest that early during ocular herpesvirus infection, cornea-resident IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells provide protection from symptomatic ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pierre-Gregoire A Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela M Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Salazar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cassandra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Ye
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vivianna Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
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5
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Costa Mendonça-Natividade F, Duque Lopes C, Ricci-Azevedo R, Sardinha-Silva A, Figueiredo Pinzan C, Paiva Alegre-Maller AC, L Nohara L, B Carneiro A, Panunto-Castelo A, C Almeida I, Roque-Barreira MC. Receptor Heterodimerization and Co-Receptor Engagement in TLR2 Activation Induced by MIC1 and MIC4 from Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205001. [PMID: 31658592 PMCID: PMC6829480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microneme organelles of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites release protein complexes (MICs), including one composed of the transmembrane protein MIC6 plus MIC1 and MIC4. In this complex, carbohydrate recognition domains of MIC1 and MIC4 are exposed and interact with terminal sialic acid and galactose residues, respectively, of host cell glycans. Recently, we demonstrated that MIC1 and MIC4 binding to the N-glycans of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 on phagocytes triggers cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Herein, we investigated the requirement for TLR2 heterodimerization and co-receptors in MIC-induced responses, as well as the signaling molecules involved. We used MICs to stimulate macrophages and HEK293T cells transfected with TLR2 and TLR1 or TLR6, both with or without the co-receptors CD14 and CD36. Then, the cell responses were analyzed, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and cytokine production, which showed that (1) only TLR2, among the studied factors, is crucial for MIC-induced cell activation; (2) TLR2 heterodimerization augments, but is not critical for, activation; (3) CD14 and CD36 enhance the response to MIC stimulus; and (4) MICs activate cells through a transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-, mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38)-, and NF-κB-dependent pathway. Remarkably, among the studied factors, the interaction of MIC1 and MIC4 with TLR2 N-glycans is sufficient to induce cell activation, which promotes host protection against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Costa Mendonça-Natividade
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Carla Duque Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Ricci-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Sardinha-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Paiva Alegre-Maller
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Lilian L Nohara
- Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Alan B Carneiro
- Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Program of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-599, Brazil.
| | - Ademilson Panunto-Castelo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo USP (FFCLRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-900, Brazil.
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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Hsieh CC, Peng WH, Tseng HH, Liang SY, Chen LJ, Tsai JC. The Protective Role of Garlic on Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1099-1112. [PMID: 31366207 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Garlic extracts have long been used as a food source and in traditional medicine. Crude extracts of garlic are used as an anti-inflammatory agent and have been reported to exhibit antiasthmatic properties. However, molecular mechanisms of garlic extracts in the context of antiasthmatic airway inflammation are still unclear. In this study, the antiasthmatic effect of garlic extracts on Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine profiles and immunoregulatory mechanism were explored using an animal model of allergic asthma. Garlic extracts significantly reduced total inflammatory cell counts and eosinophil infiltration and decreased the production of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus IgE in serum and Th1/Th2/Th3 cytokine in bronchoalveolar fluid. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis demonstrated that garlic extracts downregulated the levels of cytokines and chemokines, namely Th2-related IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13; but they simultaneously upregulated Th1-related IFN-γ, IL-12, and Th3-related IL-10 and TGF-β expression in BALF. The mechanism may be ascribed to the modulation of Th1-, Th2-, and Th3-related cytokine imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsieh
- *Department of Medicine Division of Chest Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, No. 966, Sec. 4, Taiwan Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- †School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hao Tseng
- ‡Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yuan Liang
- ‡Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Chen
- §Department of Nursing, Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 97005, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- ‡Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Changhua, Taiwan
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El-Sebaey AM, Abdelhamid FM, Abdalla OA. Protective effects of garlic extract against hematological alterations, immunosuppression, hepatic oxidative stress, and renal damage induced by cyclophosphamide in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15559-15572. [PMID: 30945076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent widely used as anticancer drug, reported to exert cytotoxic effects attributed to oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the protective effect of ethanolic extract of garlic (EEG) against cyclophosphamide (Cyp)-induced hematological disturbance and immunosuppressive and hepatotoxic effects. Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four equal groups: the normal control one, the Cyp-treated group (50 mg/kg BW/IM, once weekly), the EEG-treated group (300 mg/kg BW, orally, daily), and the Cyp & EEG group. All rats received their relevant treatments for four consecutive weeks. This study revealed that Cyp significantly decreased erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. However, the counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and toxic neutrophils were elevated. Additionally, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and levels of liver and renal biomarkers were significantly elevated in the Cyp-treated group. Otherwise, hepatic catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly lower than the control rats. Furthermore, Cyp significantly reduced whole blood respiratory burst activity (NBT), serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities, interlukin-12 (IL-12), and interferon-γ. In contrast, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) were elevated. Additionally, Cyp induced hepatic and renal histopathological alterations. Data in the present study demonstrated that EEG has immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects and has the ability to diminish the alterations induced by Cyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Sebaey
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdelhamid
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Abdalla
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Srinivas BK, Shivamadhu MC, Jayarama S. Angio-Suppressive Effect of Partially Purified Lectin-like Protein from Musa acuminata pseudostem by Inhibition of VEGF-Mediated Neovascularization and Induces Apoptosis Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:285-300. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1540714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhu Chakkere Shivamadhu
- Post Graduation Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddhartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Jayarama
- Post Graduation Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddhartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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9
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Mitogenic activity of Artocarpus lingnanensis lectin and its apoptosis induction in Jurkat T cells. J Nat Med 2018; 72:745-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Pu WL, Sun LK, Gao XM, Rüegg C, Cuendet M, Hottiger MO, Zhou K, Miao L, Zhang YS, Gebauer M. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages by anti-tumor Chinese materia medica. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 23:723-732. [PMID: 28988387 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. TAMs secrete different kinds of cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes to affect the progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy depending on their state of reprogramming. Therapeutic benefit in targeting TAMs suggests that macrophages are attractive targets for cancer treatment. Chinese materia medica (CMM) is an important approach for treating cancer in China and in the Asian region. According to the theory of Chinese medicine (CM) and its practice, some prescriptions of CM regulate the body's internal environment possibly including the remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we briefly summarize the pivotal effects of TAMs in shaping the TME and promoting tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis and immunosuppression. Furthermore, we illustrate the effects and mechanisms of CMM targeting TAMs in antitumor therapy. Finally, we reveal the CMM's dual-regulatory and multi-targeting functions on regulating TAMs, and hopefully, provide the theoretical basis for CMM clinical practice related to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Pu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Li-Kang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Micheal O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Sha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Gebauer
- Chingcura, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
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Aragão DP, da Silva Souza B, de Brito TV, de Araújo Bastos Santana L, de Paiva Silva RM, de Oliveira AP, da Cunha Pereira ACT, Ferreira GP, dos Reis Barbosa AL, de Oliveira JS. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of albumins from Crotalaria retusa seeds. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:536-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pratap UP, Hima L, Priyanka HP, ThyagaRajan S. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice reverses age-related decline in neural-immune interactions in the spleens of old F344 rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:363-371. [PMID: 28111215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Various parts of the tropical plant, Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni), have been widely used in traditional medicine in South and Southeast Asia for several centuries. The therapeutic effects of the noni are believed to be mediated through several phytochemicals such as anthraquinones, iridoid, fatty acid glycosides, alcohols, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice (noni fruit juice; NFJ) on neural-immune interactions through the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo in the splenic lymphocytes of young and old male F344 rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the in vitro study, splenocytes from young and old F344 rats were isolated and treated with 0.0001-1% concentrations of NFJ for a period of 24h, while in the in vivo study, old F344 rats were orally administered (5ml/kg body weight) with NFJ (5%, 10% and 20%) twice daily for 60 days. After the treatment period, concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α) production, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (p-TH), nerve growth factor (NGF), m-TOR, IκB-α, p-NF-κB (p50 and p65), p-ERK, p-Akt, p-CREB and lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, nitric oxide (NO) production were examined in the splenocytes. RESULTS In vitro NFJ incubation of splenic lymphocytes increased Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and expression of p-ERK, p-Akt, and p-CREB in young and old rats. In vivo treatment of old rats with NFJ increased lymphoproliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, the expression of p-TH, NGF, and NO production, and suppressed IL-6 production, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, and the expression of IκB-α and p-NF-κB (p50) in the splenocytes. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that Morinda citrifolia fruit juice enhanced neural-immune interactions and cell survival pathways while inhibiting inflammatory processes that may be useful in the treatment of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Pratap
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lalgi Hima
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hannah P Priyanka
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan ThyagaRajan
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yang LC, Lai CY, Lin WC. Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity is increased by a type II arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:466-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vigneshwaran V, Thirusangu P, Madhusudana S, Krishna V, Pramod SN, Prabhakar B. The latex sap of the ‘Old World Plant’ Lagenaria siceraria with potent lectin activity mitigates neoplastic malignancy targeting neovasculature and cell death. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:158-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Li H, Li D, Sun J, Li Y, Yang W, Li Y. Autoimmune regulator‑overexpressing dendritic cells induce T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells by upregulating cytokine expression. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:565-71. [PMID: 26548750 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (Aire) protein is a transcriptional activator that is essential in central immune tolerance, as it regulates the ectopic expression of many tissue‑restricted antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells. Aire expression has also been described in hematopoietic cells, such as monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), in the peripheral immune system. However, the role of Aire expression in peripheral immune system cells, including DCs, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effects of secreted cytokines from Aire‑overexpressing DCs on cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cell subsets were investigated. The dendritic cell line, DC2.4, which overexpresses Aire, was co‑cultured with CD4+ T cells from splenocytes using Transwell inserts. The results indicate that Aire‑overexpressing cells induce T helper (Th)1 subsets by increasing interleukin (IL)‑12 expression, and induce Th17 subsets by upregulating IL‑6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β production. In addition, it was observed that increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinases and p38 upregulated the expression of cytokines in Aire‑overexpressing cells. These data suggest that Aire may have a role in inducing Th1 and Th17 differentiation by upregulating cytokine expression in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dongbei Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jitong Sun
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Diallyl trisulfide inhibits naphthalene-induced oxidative injury and the production of inflammatory responses in A549 cells and mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:326-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Rabe SZT, Ghazanfari T, Siadat Z, Rastin M, Rabe SZT, Mahmoudi M. Anti-inflammatory effect of garlic 14-kDa protein on LPS-stimulated-J774A.1 macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:158-64. [PMID: 25693973 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1005229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Garlic 14-kDa protein is purified from garlic (Allium sativum L.) which is used in traditional medicine and exerts various immunomodulatory activities. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the suppressive effect of garlic 14-kDa protein on LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and underlying mechanism in inflammatory macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS J774A.1 macrophages were treated with 14-kDa protein (5-30 μg/ml) with/without LPS (1 μg/ml) and the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, and IL-1β released were measured using ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO) production was determined using the Griess method. The anti-inflammatory activity of 14-kDa protein was examined by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins using western blot. The expression of nuclear NF-κB p65 subunit was assessed by western blot. RESULTS Garlic 14-kDa protein significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, PGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated J774A.1 macrophages in a concentration-related manner without cytotoxic effect. Western blot analysis demonstrated that garlic 14-kDa protein suppressed corresponding inducible NO synthase expression and activated cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The inhibitory effect was mediated partly by a reduction in the activity and expression of transcription factor NF-κB protein. CONCLUSION Our results suggested, for the first time, garlic 14-kDa protein exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages possibly by suppressing the inflammatory mediators via the inhibition of transcription factor NF-κB signaling pathway. The traditional use of garlic as anti-inflammatory remedy could be ascribed partly to 14-kDa protein content. This protein might be a useful candidate for controlling inflammatory diseases and further investigations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Sung J, Harfouche Y, De La Cruz M, Zamora MP, Liu Y, Rego JA, Buckley NE. Garlic (Allium sativum) stimulates lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from J774A.1 murine macrophages. Phytother Res 2014; 29:288-94. [PMID: 25366263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is known to have many beneficial attributes such as antimicrobial, antiatherosclerotic, antitumorigenetic, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of an aqueous garlic extract on macrophage cytokine production by challenging the macrophage J774A.1 cell line with the garlic extract in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) under different conditions. The effect of allicin, the major component of crushed garlic, was also investigated. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, it was found that garlic and synthetic allicin greatly stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in macrophages treated with LPS. The TNF-α secretion levels peaked earlier and were sustained for a longer time in cells treated with garlic and LPS compared with cells treated with LPS alone. Garlic acted in a time-dependent manner. We suggest that garlic, at least partially via its allicin component, acts downstream from LPS to stimulate macrophage TNF-α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sung
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
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Souza MA, Carvalho FC, Ruas LP, Ricci-Azevedo R, Roque-Barreira MC. The immunomodulatory effect of plant lectins: a review with emphasis on ArtinM properties. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:641-57. [PMID: 23299509 PMCID: PMC3769584 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the glycobiology and immunology fields have provided many insights into the role of carbohydrate-protein interactions in the immune system. We aim to present a comprehensive review of the effects that some plant lectins exert as immunomodulatory agents, showing that they are able to positively modify the immune response to certain pathological conditions, such as cancer and infections. The present review comprises four main themes: (1) an overview of plant lectins that exert immunomodulatory effects and the mechanisms accounting for these activities; (2) general characteristics of the immunomodulatory lectin ArtinM from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus; (3) activation of innate immunity cells by ArtinM and consequent induction of Th1 immunity; (4) resistance conferred by ArtinM administration in infections with intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania (Leishmania) major, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. We believe that this review will be a valuable resource for more studies in this relatively neglected area of research, which has the potential to reveal carbohydrate targets for novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Singh RS, Walia AK. Microbial lectins and their prospective mitogenic potential. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 40:329-47. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.733680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chan YS, Wong JH, Fang EF, Pan W, Ng TB. Isolation of a glucosamine binding leguminous lectin with mitogenic activity towards splenocytes and anti-proliferative activity towards tumor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38961. [PMID: 22720002 PMCID: PMC3375228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A dimeric 64-kDa glucosamine-specific lectin was purified from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. “brown kidney bean.” The simple 2-step purification protocol involved affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The lectin was absorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and desorbed using 1M NaCl in the starting buffer. Gel filtration on Superdex 75 yielded a major absorbance peak that gave a single 32-kDa band in SDS-PAGE. Hemagglutinating activity was completely preserved when the ambient temperature was in the range of 20°C–60°C. However, drastic reduction of the activity occurred at temperatures above 65°C. Full hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was observed at an ambient pH of 3 to 12. About 50% activity remained at pH 0–2, and only residual activity was observed at pH 13–14. Hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by glucosamine. The brown kidney bean lectin elicited maximum mitogenic activity toward murine splenocytes at 2.5 µM. The mitogenic activity was nearly completely eliminated in the presence of 250 mM glucosamine. The lectin also increased mRNA expression of the cytokines IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ. The lectin exhibited antiproliferative activity toward human breast cancer (MCF7) cells, hepatoma (HepG2) cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE1 and CNE2) cells with IC50 of 5.12 µM, 32.85 µM, 3.12 µM and 40.12 µM respectively after treatment for 24 hours. Flow cytometry with Annexin V and propidum iodide staining indicated apoptosis of MCF7 cells. Hoechst 33342 staining also indicated formation of apoptotic bodies in MCF7 cells after exposure to brown kidney bean lectin. Western blotting revealed that the lectin-induced apoptosis involved ER stress and unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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