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Lokman M, Kassab R, Salem F, Elshopakey G, Hussein A, Aldarmahi A, Theyab A, Alzahrani K, Hassan K, Alsharif K, Albrakati A, Tayyeb J, El-khadragy M, Alkhateeb M, Al-Ghamdy A, Althagafi H, Abdel Moneim A, El-Hennamy R. Asiatic acid rescues intestinal tissue by suppressing molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with the development of ulcerative colitis. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20232004. [PMID: 38699907 PMCID: PMC11130539 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20232004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities that make it a potential choice to attenuate inflammation and oxidative insults associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate if AA can attenuate molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations in the acetic acid-induced UC model in rats. To perform the study, five groups were applied, including the control, acetic acid-induced UC, UC-treated with 40 mg/kg aminosalicylate (5-ASA), UC-treated with 20 mg/kg AA, and UC-treated with 40 mg/kg AA. Levels of different markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were studied along with histological approaches. The induction of UC increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant proteins [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)] were down-regulated in the colon tissue. Moreover, the inflammatory mediators [myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] were increased in the colon tissue after the induction of UC. Notably, an apoptotic response was developed, as demonstrated by the increased caspase-3 and Bax and decreased Bcl2. Interestingly, AA administration at both doses lessened the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes following the induction in the colon tissue of UC. In conclusion, AA could improve the antioxidative status and attenuate the inflammatory and apoptotic challenges associated with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S. Lokman
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A.M. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akram Hussein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Aldarmahi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660 Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 14799, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad Z. Tayyeb
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam A. Alkhateeb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O. Al-Ghamdy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam A. Althagafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. El-Hennamy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
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Macedo C, Costa PC, Rodrigues F. Bioactive compounds from Actinidia arguta fruit as a new strategy to fight glioblastoma. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113770. [PMID: 38129059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant demand for natural products as a mean of disease prevention or as an alternative to conventional medications. The driving force for this change is the growing recognition of the abundant presence of valuable bioactive compounds in natural products. On recent years Actinia arguta fruit, also known as kiwiberry, has attracted a lot of attention from scientific community due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids and fiber. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit's diverse outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, the fruit may have the potential to be used in the treatment/prevention of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, displaying 90 % of recurrence rate within a span of 2 years. Despite the employment of an aggressive approach, the prognosis remains unfavorable, emphasizing the urgent requirement for the development of new effective treatments. The preclinical evidence suggests that kiwiberry has potential impact on glioblastoma by reducing the cancer self-renewal, modulating the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell phenotype and metabolism, and influencing the consolidation of the tumor microenvironment. Even though, challenges such as the imprecise composition and concentration of bioactive compounds, and its low bioavailability after oral administration may be drawbacks to the development of kiwiberry-based treatments, being urgent to ensure the safety and efficacy of kiwiberry for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of A. arguta bioactive compounds on glioblastoma, providing novel insights into their applicability as complementary or alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A novel therapeutic perspective. Life Sci 2022; 310:121069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xianchu L. Asiatic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Diabetic Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1500.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Niu K, Bai P, Yang B, Feng X, Qiu F. Asiatic acid alleviates metabolism disorders in ob/ob mice: mechanistic insights. Food Funct 2022; 13:6934-6946. [PMID: 35696250 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucolipid metabolism disorders pose a serious and global health problem, and more effective prevention and treatment methods are urgently needed. In this study, ob/ob mice were used to explore the potential mechanism explaining how asiatic acid (AA) regulates glucolipid metabolism disorders. Five-week AA treatment (30 mg kg-1) significantly improved a host of metabolic factors in ob/ob mice, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and liver histopathology. Combined analysis of untargeted liver metabolomics, liver transcriptomics, and the gut microbiome was conducted, and the results showed that AA alleviates metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice through regulating pyrimidine metabolism, activating PPAR-γ, and modulating gut microbiota. AA treatment remarkedly increased the levels of cytosine and cytidine, two crucial endogenous metabolites related to pyrimidine metabolism, which were significantly decreased in ob/ob mice. AA treatment also affected the levels of 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, an endogenous PPAR-γ agonist. The abundances of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 were increased after AA treatment. Meanwhile, correlation analysis showed that endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota were strongly correlated. These findings indicated that AA supplements might be beneficial for the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixia Niu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Pengpeng Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Bingbing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Harley BK, Amponsah IK, Ben IO, Mireku-Gyimah NA, Anokwah D, Neglo D, Amengor CDK, Fleischer TC. Hypoglycaemic activity of Oleanonic acid, a 3-oxotriterpenoid isolated from Aidia Genipiflora (DC.) Dandy, involves inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and promotion of glucose uptake. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112833. [PMID: 35316751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antidiabetic activities of the 70% ethanol stem bark extract of Aidia genipiflora (AGB) and one of its constituents, oleanonic acid in streptozotocin (40 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats. In vitro assays of glucose uptake and inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were then used to investigate their mechanism(s) of hypoglycaemic action. In silico evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the compound was also carried out. Administration of AGB (100-400 mg/kg) and oleanonic acid (15 - 60 mg/kg) resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.001) in the blood glucose and considerable decrease (p < 0.05) in the elevated lipid parameters of the diabetic animals. AGB activity at 200 and 400 mg/kg; and oleanonic acid at 60 mg/kg were comparable to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). The extract and its isolate strongly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity with IC50 values of (10.48 ± 1.39 µg/mL and 14.51 ± 1.26 µg/mL) and (36.52 ± 1.95 µM and 105.84 ± 1.08 µM) respectively. The glucose uptake assays showed that AGB and oleanonic acid exerted both insulin-dependent and independent promotional effect of glucose transport into the periphery by upregulating the expression of PI3K and PPARγ transcripts with a concomitant increase in GLUT-4 transcripts. Although oleanonic acid was predicted to be teratogenic, it was found to be generally non-lethal with favourable pharmacokinetics properties making it suitable for further studies. The study has shown that the stem bark of A. genipiflora is a source of new hypoglycaemic agents and that oleanonic acid possesses hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kingsley Harley
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Inemesit Okon Ben
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Nana Ama Mireku-Gyimah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Anokwah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Cape-Coast, Cape-Coast, Ghana
| | - David Neglo
- Department of Basic Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Cedric Dzidzor K Amengor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Theophilus Christian Fleischer
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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In Vivo Biocompatible Self-Assembled Nanogel Based on Hyaluronic Acid for Aqueous Solubility and Stability Enhancement of Asiatic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234071. [PMID: 34883575 PMCID: PMC8659171 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a natural triterpene found in Centalla asiatica, possesses polypharmacological properties that can contribute to the treatment and prophylaxis of various diseases. However, its hydrophobic nature and rapid metabolic rate lead to poor bioavailability. The aim of this research was to develop a thermoresponsive nanogel from hyaluronic acid (HA) for solubility and stability enhancement of AA. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) was conjugated onto HA using a carbodiimide reaction followed by 1H NMR characterization. pNIPAM-grafted HA (HA-pNIPAM) nanogels were prepared with three concentrations of polymer, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.25% w/v, in water by the sonication method. AA was loaded into the nanogel by the incubation method. Size, morphology, AA loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were analyzed. In vitro cytocompatibility was evaluated in fibroblast L-929 cells using the PrestoBlue assay. Single-dose toxicity was studied using rats. HA-pNIPAM nanogels at a 4.88% grafting degree showed reversible thermo-responsive behavior. All nanogel formulations could significantly increase AA water solubility and the stability was higher in nanogels prepared with high polymer concentrations over 180 days. The cell culture study showed that 12.5 µM AA in nanogel formulations was considered non-toxic to the L-929 cells; however, a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect was observed at higher AA-loaded concentrations. In vivo study proved the non-toxic effect of AA loaded in HA-pNIPAM nanogels compared with the control. Taken together, HA-pNIPAM nanogel is a promising biocompatible delivery system both in vitro and in vivo for hydrophobic AA molecules.
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Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular herb well-known for its wide range of therapeutic effects and its use as a folk medicine for many years. Its therapeutic properties have been well correlated with the presence of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acids, the pentacyclic triterpenes. The herb has been extensively known to treat skin conditions; nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have scientifically demonstrated its effectiveness in other disorders. Among the active constituents that have been identified in Centella asiatica, madecassoside has been the subject of only a relatively small number of scientific reports. Therefore, this review, while including other major constituents of this plant, focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of madecassoside.
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Chávez-Castillo M, Ortega Á, Duran P, Pirela D, Marquina M, Cano C, Salazar J, Gonzalez MC, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J, Velasco M. Phytotherapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Bench-to-Bedside Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4410-4429. [PMID: 32310044 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200420160422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and global trends suggest that this panorama will persist or worsen in the near future. Thus, optimization of treatment strategies and the introduction of novel therapeutic alternatives for CVD represent key objectives in contemporary biomedical research. In recent years, phytotherapy-defined as the therapeutic use of whole or minimally modified plant components-has ignited large scientific interest, with a resurgence of abundant investigation on a wide array of medicinal herbs (MH) for CVD and other conditions. Numerous MH have been observed to intervene in the pathophysiology of CVD via a myriad of molecular mechanisms, including antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other beneficial properties, which translate into the amelioration of three essential aspects of the pathogenesis of CVD: Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Although the preclinical data in this scenario is very rich, the true clinical impact of MH and their purported mechanisms of action is less clear, as large-scale robust research in this regard is in relatively early stages and faces important methodological challenges. This review offers a comprehensive look at the most prominent preclinical and clinical evidence currently available concerning the use of MH in the treatment of CVD from a bench-to-bedside approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Psychiatric Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela,Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Duran
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Marquina
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Climaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine José María Vargas, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas,
Venezuela
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Khan IN, Shill MC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Alencar MVOB, Melo-Cavalcante AAC, Mubarak MS. Anti-Cancer Effects of Asiatic Acid, a Triterpene from Centilla asiatica L: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:536-547. [PMID: 31823705 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191211103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Asiatic Acid (AA), a triterpene and a known component of this herb, has been shown to display important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, hepatoprotective, pancreas protective, and cardio- protective. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on AA's anti-cancer effects on the basis of published literature found in a number of databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Emphasis has been given to the mechanisms of action of its anti-cancer effect. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using known databases such as PubMed and Science Direct using the keywords 'Asiatic acid', pairing with 'cancer', 'tumor', 'anti-cancer effect', 'cytotoxic effect', 'anti-tumor activity', 'cell line', 'animal cancer', and 'human cancer'. RESULTS Findings suggest that AA exerts anti-cancer effects in several test systems through various pathways, including oxidative/antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell migration, and chemoprevention. CONCLUSION AA may be an effective plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a promising lead for the development of potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park-5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaikh J Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Manik C Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - João M de Castro E Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64 067-670, Brazil
| | | | - Ana A C Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil
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Kozuka M, Yamane T, Imai M, Handa S, Takenaka S, Sakamoto T, Ishida T, Inui H, Yamamoto Y, Nakagaki T, Nakano Y. Isolation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors from aronia juice. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate diminished oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to triumph diabetes in rat model. Life Sci 2020; 245:117367. [PMID: 32001265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study determines the effect of administration of novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate (AST-SAC) against streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. MAIN METHODS AST-SAC (1 mg/kg/day) was treated against DM in rats for 45 days. The oxidative stress, antioxidants level, insulin secretion, activities of various carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were studied. The glucose uptake in L6 myotubes was studied. In addition, in silico analysis of interaction of AST-SAC with proteins such as insulin receptor (IR) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were carried out. KEY FINDINGS Administration of AST-SAC in DM rats has protected the mitochondrial function (decreased oxidative stress and normalized oxidative phosphorylation activities) and antioxidant capacity of the pancreas which has resulted in beta cells rejuvenation and insulin secretion restoration. AST-SAC decreased the alpha-glucosidases activities to bring glycemic control in DM rats. Due to these effects the glycoprotein components and lipids were restored to near normalcy in DM rats. AST-SAC protected the antioxidant status of liver, kidney and plasma; and curbed the progression of secondary complications of DM. AST-SAC treatment stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in in vitro. To support this observation, AST-SAC interacted with proteins such as IR and AMPK in silico. SIGNIFICANCE AST-SAC can be considered as "multi-target-directed ligand", that is, through these manifold effects, AST-SAC has been able to prevail over DM in rats.
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Swapna K, Sathibabu Uddandrao VV, Parim B, Ravindarnaik R, Suresh P, Ponnusamy P, Balakrishnan S, Vadivukkarasi S, Harishankar N, Reddy KP, Nivedha PR, Saravanan G. Effects of asiatic acid, an active constituent in Centella asiatica (L.): restorative perspectives of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced changes on lipid profile and lipid metabolic enzymes in diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-02955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Combination of carnosine and asiatic acid provided greater anti-inflammatory protection for HUVE cells and diabetic mice than individual treatments of carnosine or asiatic acid alone. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:192-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Asiatic acid enhances intratumor delivery and the antitumor effect of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin by reducing tumor-stroma collagen. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:539-545. [PMID: 29921887 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (Tt-DDSs) are proposed as a promising strategy for cancer care. However, the dense collagen network in tumors stroma significantly reduces the penetration and efficacy of Tt-DDS. In order to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on antitumor effect of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by attenuating stroma-collagen, colon cancer xenograft mice (SW620 cell line) were treated by PLD, AA, or combined regimes, respectively; the collagen levels were estimated by Sirius red/fast green dual staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining; the intratumor exposure of doxorubicin was visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and quantified by HPLC/MS analysis. In addition, the impact of AA on collagen synthesis of fibroblast cell (HFL-1) and cytotoxic effect of PLD and doxorubicin to cancer cell (SW620) were studied in vitro. In the presence of AA (4 mg/kg), the intratumor collagen level was restricted in vivo (reduced by 22%, from 4.14% ± 0.30% to 3.24% ± 0.25%, P = 0.051) and in vitro. Subsequently, doxorubicin level was increased by ~30%. The antitumor activity of PLD was significantly improved (57.3% inhibition of tumor growth and 44% reduction in tumor weight) by AA combination. Additionally, no significant improvement in cytotoxic effect of PLD or doxorubicin induced by AA was observed. In conclusion, AA is a promising sensitizer for tumor treatment by enhancing intratumor drug exposure via stromal remodeling.
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Huang RZ, Liang GB, Li MS, Fang YL, Zhao SF, Zhou MM, Liao ZX, Sun J, Wang HS. Synthesis and discovery of asiatic acid based 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as antitumor agents blocking NF-κB activation and cell migration. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:584-597. [PMID: 31057738 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00620b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of asiatic acid (AA) based 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and subjected to a cell-based NF-κB inhibition screening assay. Among the tested compounds, compound 6k displayed impressive NF-κB inhibitory activity with an IC50 value in the low micromolar range. A molecular docking study was performed to reveal key interactions between 6k and NF-κB in which the 1,2,3-triazole moiety and the hydroxyl groups of the AA skeleton were important for improving the inhibitory activity. Subsequently, surface plasmon resonance analysis validated the high affinity between compound 6k and NF-κB protein with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 0.36 μM. Further studies showed that compound 6k observably inhibited the NF-κB DNA binding, nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation. Moreover, in vitro antitumor activity screening showed that compound 6k (IC50 = 2.67 ± 0.06 μM) exhibited the best anticancer activity against A549 cells, at least partly, by inhibition of the activity of NF-κB. Additionally, the treatment of A549 cells with compound 6k resulted in apoptosis induction potency and in vitro cell migration inhibition. Thus, we conclude that AA based 1,2,3-triazole derivatives may be potential NF-κB inhibitors with the ability to induce apoptosis and suppress cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P.R. China . .,Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P.R. China
| | - Gui-Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China .
| | - Mei-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China .
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China .
| | - Shi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P.R. China .
| | - Mei-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P.R. China . .,Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources , Xining , 810000 , P.R. China .
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China .
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Fong LY, Ng CT, Yong YK, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Asiatic acid stabilizes cytoskeletal proteins and prevents TNF-α-induced disorganization of cell-cell junctions in human aortic endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 117:15-26. [PMID: 30114509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability represents an initiating step in early atherosclerosis and it often occurs as a result of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid, a major triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has previously been demonstrated to protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the barrier protective effect of asiatic acid in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The localization of F-actin, diphosphorylated myosin light chain (diphospho-MLC), adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) was studied using immunocytochemistry techniques and confocal microscopy. Their total protein expressions were examined using western blot analysis. The endothelial permeability was assessed using In Vitro Vascular Permeability Assay kits. In addition, intracellular redistribution of the junctional proteins was evaluated using subcellular fractionation kits. We show that asiatic acid stabilized F-actin and diphospho-MLC at the cell periphery and prevented their rearrangement stimulated by TNF-α. However, asiatic acid failed to attenuate cytochalasin D-induced increased permeability. Besides, asiatic acid abrogated TNF-α-induced structural reorganization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and β-catenin by preserving their reticulum structures at cell-cell contact areas. In addition, asiatic acid also inhibited TNF-α-induced redistribution of occludin and zona occludens (ZO)-1 in different subcellular fractions. In conclusion, the barrier-stabilizing effect of asiatic acid might be associated with preservation of AJs and prevention of TJ redistribution caused by TNF-α. This study provides evidence to support the potential use of asiatic acid in the prevention of early atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rameshreddy P, Uddandrao VVS, Brahmanaidu P, Vadivukkarasi S, Ravindarnaik R, Suresh P, Swapna K, Kalaivani A, Parvathi P, Tamilmani P, Saravanan G. Obesity-alleviating potential of asiatic acid and its effects on ACC1, UCP2, and CPT1 mRNA expression in high fat diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:143-154. [PMID: 28993954 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Centella asiatica on lipid metabolism parameters in a rat model of obesity induced using a high fat diet (HFD) for 42 days. AA (20 mg/kg body weight [BW]) was administered orally once daily for 42 days, and an orlistat-treated group of rats (10 mg/kg BW) was included for comparison. Changes in BW, blood glucose levels, insulin resistance and leptin, adiponectin, amylase, and lipase levels in the blood; lipid profiles of plasma; liver antioxidants levels; and acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC), uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) mRNA expression were observed in the experimental rats. Our results revealed that AA (20 mg/kg BW), similar to orlistat, reduced the increase in BW; increased bone mineral contents and bone mineral densities; reduced blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, leptin, plasma lipid levels; increased adiponectin, amylase, lipase levels in the blood; showed antioxidant activity; and altered mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, including ACC, UCP 2, and CPT 1, in the HFD-fed rats. From these results, we concluded that AA possesses significant anti-obesity potential through the suppression of BW gain, lipid lowering action, development of insulin and leptin sensitivity, antioxidant activity, and increased mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshreddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - Parim Brahmanaidu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - Ramavat Ravindarnaik
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Pothani Suresh
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - K Swapna
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - A Kalaivani
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India.,Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Art and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637207, India
| | - Parimi Parvathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - P Tamilmani
- Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Art and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637207, India
| | - Ganapathy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India.
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20
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Maneesai P, Bunbupha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Effect of asiatic acid on the Ang II-AT 1R-NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway in renovascular hypertensive rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1073-1083. [PMID: 28733880 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound derived from Centella asiatica, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study evaluated the effects of asiatic acid on hemodynamic alterations, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and inflammation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Renovascular hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with vehicle, asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. We observed that 2K-1C hypertensive rats exhibited hemodynamic alterations such as high blood pressure, heart rate, hindlimb vascular resistance, and low hindlimb blood flow. Signs of RAS activation, such as increased plasma angiotensin II and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, enhanced AT1R protein expression, and suppressed AT2R expression was observed in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Overproduction of vascular superoxide, high levels of plasma MDA, low levels of plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and upregulation of gp91phox protein expression were observed in hypertensive rats. Furthermore, inflammation was observed in hypertensive rats, as evidenced by increased plasma TNF-α, NF-κB, and phospho-NF-κB protein expression. Asiatic acid or captopril alleviated hemodynamic alterations, RAS activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. These findings indicate that asiatic acid is an antihypertensive agent that ameliorates hemodynamic alterations in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. This effect may involve one or both of the following mechanisms: the direct effect of asiatic acid on RAS activation, oxidative stress and inflammation, and/or asiatic acid acting as an ACE inhibitor agent to inhibit the Ang II-AT1R-NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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21
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Sun W, Xu G, Guo X, Luo G, Wu L, Hou Y, Guo X, Zhou J, Xu T, Qin L, Fan Y, Han L, Matsabisa M, Ma X, Liu T. Protective effects of asiatic acid in a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1333-1339. [PMID: 28586016 PMCID: PMC5562101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-diabetic activity. However, the mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. The present study was performed to confirm the protective effect of AA and demonstrate its ability to regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in db/db mice. Db/db mice fed on a high-fat diet were used to model diabetes mellitus. Modeled mice were divided randomly into the model control, pioglitazone hydrochloride tablet (PH) and AA groups. Age-matched C57 BL/6J mice served as normal controls. Lipid and glucose levels, and glycogen synthesis rates were assessed following treatment. Pathological changes were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway at the mRNA level was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The model control group revealed typical characteristics of obesity and diabetes, including high glucose and lipid levels, and decreased glycogen synthesis. Four weeks of treatment with AA or PH ameliorated these abnormalities. AA and PH treatments mitigated the upregulation of PI3K, AKT, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate-1 mRNA expression in modeled mice. Furthermore, AA and PH treatments decreased GSK-3β and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA expression compared with the normal control group. The results of the present study confirmed that AA possesses anti-diabetic activity in db/db mice. The PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway may mediate this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101100, P.R. China
| | - Tunhai Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Fan
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Motlalepula Matsabisa
- School of Natural Medicine, University of The Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Xuesheng Ma
- School of Natural Medicine, University of The Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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22
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An insight into anti-diabetic properties of dietary phytochemicals. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Charles Dorni AI, Peter G, Jude S, Arundhathy CA, Jacob J, Amalraj A, Pius A, Gopi S. UHPLC–Q-ToF-MS-guided enrichment and purification of triterpenoids from Centella asiatica (L.) extract with macroporous resin. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1280681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregary Peter
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shintu Jude
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Joby Jacob
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anitha Pius
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea BioLabs Pvt. Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
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Behl T, Kotwani A. Proposed mechanisms of Terminalia catappa in hyperglycaemia and associated diabetic complications. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 69:123-134. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Terminalia catappa has shown potent antidiabetic activity in the past; however, the exact molecular mechanisms by which it acts have not been elucidated. This review aims at exploring several hypotheses which have been proposed to explain its mechanism of action, including reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, lipid profile correction and direct hypoglycaemic actions.
Methods
A thorough review of all the articles, research as well as reviews, available regarding the concerned topic was performed. MEDLINE databases were searched using keywords (and their combinations), such as T. catappa, renin oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, α-glucosidase and α-amylase, among several others. English-language articles were preferably selected.
Key findings
Apart from metabolic dysfunctions, several hyperglycaemia-induced pathological conditions come into scene as the after-effects of diabetes. These mainly include inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and lipid profile alteration, which ultimately result in vascular endothelial dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis of endothelial, hepatic and neuronal cells. Terminalia catappa effectively attenuates the progression of diabetic retinopathy and shows significant hypoglycaemic actions. The mechanisms behind these effects were explained.
Conclusion
Terminalia catappa may provide an effective natural product to treat hyperglycaemia and prevent subsequent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Peng CH, Chyau CC, Wang CJ, Lin HT, Huang CN, Ker YB. Abelmoschus esculentus fractions potently inhibited the pathogenic targets associated with diabetic renal epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Food Funct 2016; 7:728-40. [PMID: 26787242 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) is known for anti-hyperglycemia, few reports have addressed its target. Our recent studies have focused on diabetic renal epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in fibrosis that accompanies increasing vimentin and suggested signals DPP-4/AT-1/TGF-β1. This study aimed to investigate whether AE is useful for preventing diabetic renal EMT. We used a succession of extractions and obtained the corresponding fractions F1-F5, each with its own individual properties: F1 inhibits high glucose-stimulated vimentin, AT-1, TGF-β1, and DPP-4, and recovers E-cadherin in tubular cells; F2 decreases high glucose-induced vimentin, AT-1 and DPP-4; F3-F5 do not reduce the expression of vimentin. Chemical analysis revealed that F1 is rich of flavonoid glycosides especially quercetin glucosides, and pentacyclic triterpene ester. F2 contains a large amount of carbohydrates and polysaccharides composed of uronic acid, galactose, glucose, myo-inositol etc. In conclusion, AE has the potential to serve as an adjuvant for diabetic nephropathy, with F1 and F2 especially deserving further investigation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Huei Peng
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan and Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Number 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yaw-Bee Ker
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan.
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Alfrd Mavondo GA, Tagumirwa MC. Asiatic acid-pectin hydrogel matrix patch transdermal delivery system influences parasitaemia suppression and inflammation reduction in P. berghei murine malaria infected Sprague-Dawley rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1172-1180. [PMID: 27955745 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid (AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. METHODS A topical once-off AA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)- or chloroquine (CHQ)-pectin patch was applied on the shaven dorsal neck region of Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats (90-120 g) on day 7 after infection. Eating and drinking habits, weight changes, malaria effects and %parasitaemia were compared among animal groups over 21 d. RESULTS AA-pectin patch application preserved food and water intake together with %weight gain. All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15-20%) by day 7. AA doses suppressed parasitaemia significantly. AA 5 mg/kg patch was most effective. AA and CHQ displayed bimodal time-spaced peaks. CHQ patch had a longer time course to clear parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS AA influences bio-physicochemical changes and parasitaemia suppression in dose dependent manner. In comparison by dose administered, AA has much better efficacy than CHQ. AA may be a useful antimalarial. AA and CHQ displays bimodal peaks suggesting possible synergism if used in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greanious Alfred Alfrd Mavondo
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Mpilo Hospital NUST Complex, Vera Road, P.O. AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
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Forino M, Stiuso P, Lama S, Ciminiello P, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Bioassay-guided identification of the antihyperglycaemic constituents of walnut ( Juglans regia ) leaves. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mavondo GA, Mkhwananzi BN, Mabandla MV, Musabayane CT. Asiatic acid influences parasitaemia reduction and ameliorates malaria anaemia in P. berghei infected Sprague-Dawley male rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:357. [PMID: 27618936 PMCID: PMC5020548 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current malaria treatment is either "anti-parasitic", "anti-infectivity" or both without addressing the pathophysiological derangement (anti-disease aspect) associated with the disease. Asiatic acid is a natural phytochemical with oxidant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties whose effect on malarial and accompanying pathophysiology are yet to be investigated. Asiatic acid influence in P. berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on %parasitaemia and malarial anaemia were investigated. METHODS Plasmodium berghei-infected rats (90-120 g) were orally administered with Asiatic acid (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and 30 mg/kg chloroquine as a positive control. Changes in %parasitaemia and haematological parameters in Asiatic acid administered rats were monitored in a 21 day study and compared to controls. RESULTS All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15-20 %) by day 7. Asiatic acid doses suppressed parasitaemia, normalised haematological measurements and influenced biophysical characteristics changes. Most positive changes were associated with intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg Asiatic acid dose. Peak %parasitaemia in Asiatic acid administration occurred at days 12 with a shorter time course compared to day 9 for chloroquine (30 mg/kg) treatment with a longer time course. CONCLUSIONS Oral Asiatic acid administration influenced %parasitaemia suppression, ameliorated malarial anaemia and increased biophysical properties on infected animals. Asiatic acid may be a replacement alternative for chloroquine treatment with concomitant amelioration of malaria pathophysiology. Due to different action time courses, Asiatic acid and chloroquine may be possible candidates in combination therapy.
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Alfred MG, Nkazimulo MB, Vuyisile MM, Tagumirwa MC. ASIATIC ACID INFLUENCES GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN P. BERGHEI MURINE MALARIA INFECTED SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:91-101. [PMID: 28487899 PMCID: PMC5416651 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glucose homeostasis derangement is a common pathophysiology of malaria whose aetiology is still controversial. The Plasmodium parasite, immunological and inflammatory responses, as well as chemotherapeutics currently used cause hypoglycaemia in malaria. Anti-parasitic and anti-disease drugs are required to combat malaria while ameliorating the pathophysiology of the infection. Asiatic acid has anti-hyperglycaemic, antioxidant, pro-oxidant properties useful in glucose homeostasis but its influence in malaria is yet to be reported. Here we present findings on the influence of asiatic acid on glucose metabolism in vivo using P. berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Acute as well as sub-chronic studies were carried out in vivo where physicochemical properties and glucose homeostasis were monitored after administration of asiatic acid (10mg/kg) in both non-infected and infected animals. Glucose metabolism associated biochemical changes in malaria were also investigated. Results: In acute studies, asiatic acid improved oral glucose response while in the sub-chronic state it maintained food and water intake and suppressed parasitaemia. Normoglycaemic control was maintained in infected animals through insulin suppression and increasing glucagon secretion, in both acute and chronic studies. Asiatic acid administration curtailed lactate concentration towards normal. Conclusion: Per oral post-infection asiatic acid administration preserved drinking and eating habits, inhibited sickness behaviour while suppressing parasitaemia. Reciprocal relationship between insulin and glucagon concentrations was maintained influencing glucose homeostasis positively and inhibition of hyperlactaemia in malaria. Abbreviations: ip -intraperitoneal, po -per oral, ig -intragastric, AA-Asciatic acid, OGTT-oral glucose tolerance test, OS-oxidative stress, ROS-reactive oxygen species, NO-nitric oxide, ONOO- - peroxynitrite, BRU-Biomedical Research Unit, SD-Sprague Dawley,
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavondo Greanious Alfred
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mkhwananzi Blessing Nkazimulo
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mabandla Musa Vuyisile
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Musabayane Cephas Tagumirwa
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Suganya S, Nandagopal B, Anbarasu A. Natural Inhibitors of HMG-CoA Reductase-An Insilico Approach Through Molecular Docking and Simulation Studies. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:52-57. [PMID: 27216569 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant products have always been considered for many important metabolic disorders due to its abundant medicinal properties. Alarming adverse effects of overuse of statins has been reported for patients with dyslipidemia. This study was aimed to identify compounds with potent anti-dyslipidemic property from selected plants and analyze them for their efficiency in binding with HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. The docking studies indicate rutin as the best compound that can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase as it had strong binding affinity to the enzyme. The molecular dynamics simulation studies confirmed the stability of the HMG-CoA reductase-rutin complex. RMSD, RMSF, Rg, H-bond results indicated that the HMG-CoA reductase-rutin complex is highly stable. Presently, statins are not preferred for individuals with pre-existing liver disease. Our study identified rutin as a promising lead compound which could be further developed into an anti-dyslipidemic molecule. Our results will be a good starting point for future experimental and clinical studies and if the results from such studies match international standards plant derived rutin might emerge as a good alternative to statins. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 52-57, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Suganya
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India.,Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Asiatic acid attenuates renin-angiotensin system activation and improves vascular function in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet fed rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:123. [PMID: 27121076 PMCID: PMC4849098 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background In the rat model of high carbohydrate, high fat (HCHF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MS), previous studies have found that asiatic acid has an antihypertensive effect. In this study, we investigated effects of asiatic acid on vascular structure, vascular function and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in HCHF diet-induced MS rats. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three treatment groups for the 15 week study: a control group fed a normal diet, a MS group fed HCHF diet plus 15 % fructose in their drinking water for 15 weeks, and an asiatic acid treated group that received a HCHF diet plus fructose for 15 weeks and also received orally administered asiatic acid (20 mg/kg BW/day) for the final 3 weeks. Vascular structure and function were investigated. AT1 receptor expression in aortic tissues and eNOS protein expression in the mesenteric arteries were detected. The levels of serum angiotensin (Ang) II, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were measured. The differences among treatment groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni tests. Results At the end of the study, all rats fed a HCHF diet exhibited signs of MS including, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Vascular remodeling in large and small arteries, overexpression of AT1 receptor, and high levels of serum Ang II and ACE were also observed in MS group (p < 0.05). Contractile responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were enhanced relating to high plasma NE level in MS rats (p < 0.05). The response to exogenous NE was not changed in the mesenteric bed. Vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine were blunted in thoracic aorta and mesenteric beds, which is consistent with downregulation of eNOS expression in MS rats (p < 0.05). Restoration of metabolic alterations, hemodynamic changes, RAS and sympathetic overactivity, increased plasma NE, endothelium dysfunction, and downregulation of eNOS expression was observed in the asiatic acid treated group (p < 0.05). However, asiatic acid failed to alleviate vascular remodeling in MS rats. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the observed antihypertensive effect of asiatic acid in MS rats might be related to its ability to alleviate RAS overactivity and improve vascular function with restoration of sympathetic overactivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1100-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Mavondo GA, Mkhwananzi BN, Mabandla MV. Pre-infection administration of asiatic acid retards parasitaemia induction in Plasmodium berghei murine malaria infected Sprague-Dawley rats. Malar J 2016; 15:226. [PMID: 27098750 PMCID: PMC4839140 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria prevention has remained a critical area in the absence of efficacious vaccines against malaria. Drugs currently used as chemotherapeutics are also used in chemoprophylaxis increasing possible drug resistance. Asiatic acid is a natural phytochemical with oxidant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with emerging anti-malarial potential. The influence of asiatic acid administration prior to Plasmodium berghei infection of Sprague-Dawley rats on parasitaemia induction is here reported. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (90-120 g) were administered with asiatic acid (10 mg/kg) 48 h before intraperitoneal infection with P. berghei. Parasitaemia induction and progression, food and water intake as well as weight were compared to 30 mg/kg chloroquine-treated and infected control rats during sub-chronic studies (21 days). RESULTS Asiatic acid pre-infection administration preserved food and water intake as well as increase in percentage weight gain of infected animals. In pre-infection treated animals, the pre-patent period was extended to day 6 from 72 h. Asiatic acid suppressed parasitaemia while oral chloroquine (30 mg/kg) did not influence malaria induction. CONCLUSIONS Per-oral, pre-infection, asiatic acid administration influenced parasitaemia patency and parasitaemia progression, food, water, and weight gain percentage. This may suggest possible chemoprophylaxis effects of asiatic acid in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greanious Alfred Mavondo
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwananzi
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Marín S, Cascante M. Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel fluorinated asiatic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:101-17. [PMID: 26974379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel fluorinated Asiatic Acid (AA) derivatives were successfully synthesized, tested for their antiproliferative activity against HeLa and HT-29 cell lines, and their structure activity relationships were evaluated. The great majority of fluorinated derivatives showed stronger antiproliferative activity than AA in a concentration dependent manner. The most active compounds have a pentameric A-ring containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. The compounds with better cytotoxic activity were then evaluated against MCF-7, Jurkat, PC-3, A375, MIA PaCa-2 and BJ cell lines. Derivative 14 proved to be the most active compound among all tested derivatives and its mechanism of action was further investigated in HeLa cell line. The results showed that compound 14 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 stage as a consequence of up-regulation of p21(cip1/waf1) and p27(kip1) and down-regulation of cyclin D3 and Cyclin E. Furthermore, compound 14 was found to induce caspase driven-apoptosis with activation of caspases-8 and caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP. The cleavage of Bid into t-Bid, the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also observed after treatment of HeLa cells with compound 14. Taken together, these mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in the apoptotic process induced by compound 14. Importantly, the antiproliferative activity of this compound on the non-tumor BJ human fibroblast cell line is weaker than in the tested cancer cell lines. The enhanced potency (between 45 and 90-fold more active than AA in a panel of cancer cell lines) and selectivity of this new AA derivative warrant further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M F Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit to CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit to CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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Assessment of In Vivo Antidiabetic Properties of Umbelliferone and Lupeol Constituents of Banana (Musa sp. var. Nanjangud Rasa Bale) Flower in Hyperglycaemic Rodent Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151135. [PMID: 27003006 PMCID: PMC4803188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana is an extensively cultivated plant worldwide, mainly for its fruit, while its ancillary product, the banana flower is consumed as a vegetable and is highly recommended for diabetics in the traditional Indian medicine system. This study is based on an investigation of the in vivo antihyperglycaemic activity of Umbelliferone (C1) and Lupeol (C2) isolated from the ethanol extract of banana flower (EF) in alloxan induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats which were administered with C1, C2 and EF (100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt.) for 4 weeks showed deterioration in fasting hyperglycaemia and reversal of abnormalities in serum/urine protein, urea and creatinine, when compared to the diabetic control group of rats. The diabetic group of rats fed with EF, C1 and C2 (100 mg/kg b. wt.) once daily, for a period of 28 days resulted in a significant reduction of diabetic symptoms viz., polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and urine sugar together with an improved body weight. HbA1c extent was reduced whereas levels of insulin and Hb were increased. Both the extract and compounds wielded positive impacts in diabetic rats by reversal of altered activities of hepatic marker enzymes viz., aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase); shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase); gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase) and pyruvate kinase. The characteristic diabetic complications such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia also significantly reverted to normal in the serum/liver of diabetic rats. Besides these, the treatment increased the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the serum and liver. The histological observations revealed a marked regeneration of the β-cells in the drug treated diabetic rats. In conclusion, the present study illustrates that EF, C1 and C2 enhances the glycolytic activities, besides increasing the hepatic glucose utilization in diabetic rats by stimulating insulin secretion from the remnant β-cells along with potential enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities.
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Abas F, Khatib A, Perumal V, Suppaiah V, Ismail A, Hamid M, Shaari K, Lajis NH. Metabolic alteration in obese diabetes rats upon treatment with Centella asiatica extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:60-69. [PMID: 26775274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 'Pegaga' is a traditional Malay remedy for a wide range of complaints. Among the 'pegaga', Centella asiatica has been used as a remedy for diabetes mellitus. Thus, we decided to validate this claim by evaluating the in vivo antidiabetic property of C. asiatica (CA) on T2DM rat model using the holistic (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach. METHOD In this study, an obese diabetic (mimic of T2DM condition) animal model was developed using Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet and induced into diabetic condition by the treatment of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The effect of C. asiatica extract on the experimental animals was followed based on the changes observed in the urinary and serum metabolites, measured by (1)H NMR of urine and blood samples collected over the test period. RESULTS A long-term treatment of obese diabetic rats with CA extract could reverse the glucose and lipid levels, as well as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolic disorders, back towards normal states. Biochemical analysis also showed an increase of insulin production in diabetic rats upon treatment of CA extract. CONCLUSION This study has provided evidence that clearly supported the traditional use of CA as a remedy for diabetes. NMR-based metabolomics was successfully applied to show that CA produced both anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects on a rat model. In addition to increasing the insulin secretion, the CA extract also ameliorates the metabolic pathways affected in the induced diabetic rats. This study further revealed the potential usage of CA extract in managing diabetes mellitus and the results of this work may contribute towards the further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of this herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - V Perumal
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V Suppaiah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - N H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Al-Moalim BinLaden Chair for Scientific Miracles of Prophetic Medicine, Scientific Chairs Unit, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30001, Madinah al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
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Lingling G, Yuan Z, Weigen L. Preparation, optimization, characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of asiatic acid tromethamine salt-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1325-33. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1135934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gu Lingling
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yuan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Weigen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Fong LY, Ng CT, Cheok ZL, Mohd Moklas MA, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Barrier protective effect of asiatic acid in TNF-α-induced activation of human aortic endothelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:191-199. [PMID: 26926181 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell activation is characterized by increased endothelial permeability and increased expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). This allows monocyte adherence and migration across the endothelium to occur and thereby initiates atherogenesis process. Asiatic acid is a major triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and has been shown to possess anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-inflammatory activities. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate protective effects of asiatic acid on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced endothelial cell activation using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). STUDY DESIGN For cell viability assays, HAECs were treated with asiatic acid for 24 h. For other assays, HAECs were pretreated with various doses of asiatic acid (10-40 µM) for 6 h followed by stimulation with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 6 h. METHODS Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability assay was performed using commercial kits. Total protein expression of CAMs such as E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 as well as phosphorylation of IκB-α were determined using western blot. The levels of soluble form of CAMs were measured using flow cytometry. Besides, we also examined the effects of asiatic acid on U937 monocyte adhesion and monocyte migration in HAECs using fluorescent-based assays. RESULTS Asiatic acid significantly suppressed endothelial hyperpermeability, increased VCAM-1 expression and increased levels of soluble CAMs (sE-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sPECAM-1) triggered by TNF-α. Neither TNF-α nor asiatic acid affects PECAM-1 expression. However, asiatic acid did not inhibit TNF-α-induced increased monocyte adhesion and migration. Interestingly, asiatic acid suppressed increased phosphorylation of IκB-α stimulated by TNF-α. CONCLUSION These results suggest that asiatic acid protects against endothelial barrier disruption and this might be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation. We have demonstrated a novel protective role of asiatic acid on endothelial function. This reveals the possibility to further explore beneficial effects of asiatic acid on chronic inflammatory diseases that are initiated by endothelial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhi Li Cheok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Huo L, Shi W, Chong L, Wang J, Zhang K, Li Y. Asiatic acid inhibits left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:57-64. [PMID: 26889217 PMCID: PMC4726871 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular remodeling results in cardiac dysfunction and accounts for the majority of the morbidity and mortality following myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling in a rat model of MI and explore the underlying mechanisms. Rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to model MI and orally treated with AA. After 4 weeks, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was recorded, and the expression levels of a number of inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA. The degree of interstitial fibrosis was determined by evaluating the mRNA expression levels of collagen II and III. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of total and phosphorylated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, to investigate whether they are involved in the mechanism underlying the effect of AA on the heart. Rats subjected to MI displayed significantly impaired cardiac function compared with those subjected to a sham procedure, while this change was reversed by treatment with AA. Furthermore, AA markedly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, reduced the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased interstitial fibrosis in the infarct border zone of MI model rats compared with those in vehicle-treated MI model rats. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was blocked by AA in the MI rats but not in the sham rats. In summary, AA treatment preserved cardiac function and inhibited left ventricular remodeling, potentially by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in the infarct border zone of the ischemic myocardium, indicating that AA may be a novel candidate for development as a therapy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heze Shili Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Bunbupha S, Prachaney P, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Welbat JU, Pakdeechote P. Asiatic acid alleviates cardiovascular remodelling in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:1189-97. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | | | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
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40
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Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Glucose uptake through translocation and activation of GLUT4 in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by asiatic acid in diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:884-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114561663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the in vivo effect and the mechanism of asiatic acid (AA) on glucose uptake in an insulin target skeletal muscle. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of plasma glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydroperoxides, decreased levels of insulin and antioxidants, and impairment in insulin-signaling proteins such as insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins. Oral treatment with AA (20 mg/kg body weight) showed near-normalized levels of plasma glucose, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants and improved insulin, IR, IRS-1/2, PI3K, Akt, and GLUT4 proteins. These findings suggest that AA improves glucose response by increasing GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through Akt and antioxidant defense in plasma and it also improves glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramachandran
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yuan Y, Zhang H, Sun F, Sun S, Zhu Z, Chai Y. Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characterization of asiatic acid in Centella asiatica as determined by a sensitive and robust HPLC-MS method. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:31-8. [PMID: 25596352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asiatic acid is one of the main components in the herb Centella asiatica, which is a well-known herbal medicine for its excellent pharmacological effects. To enhance the development potentials of asiatic acid as a chemopreventative agent, there is a great need to further understand its biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this research is to clarify the mechanisms of absorption and metabolism of asiatic acid, and explore its biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties in rats by using a sensitive and robust HPLC-MS method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups and administered with asiatic acid by oral and intravenous administration. Plasma concentrations of asiatic acid were determined at designated points and main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. The absorption of asiatic acid was investigated by using Caco-2 cell line absorption model in vitro and rat intestinal perfusion model in situ. The metabolic rate of asiatic acid was investigated by incubating it in rat liver microsome system in vitro. In addition, the solubility of asiatic acid in aqueous solution was also determined by using HPLC-MS method. RESULTS The absolute oral bioavailability of asiatic acid is 16.25%. It was found that the permeability of asiatic acid is more than 10(-5) in the Caco-2 cell monolayer and rat intestinal perfusion model, and its main absorption region is the jejunum in rats. The metabolic rate of asiatic acid in rat liver microsomes, t1/2, is 9.493min, which shows that asiatic acid can be metabolized rapidly. The solubility of aisiatic acid was 0.1583mgmL(-1), and its poor solubility will result in low bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS The asiatic acid in a variety of matrixes was analyzed by using a sensitive and specific HPLC-MS method, and its absolute oral bioavailability in rats was very low. Asiatic acid can be metabolized rapidly in rat liver microsomes, and has good permeability across Caco-2 monolayer cell and rat intestine perfusion. It can be deduced that the low bioavailability of asiatic acid results from poor solubility and rapid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 3rd People׳s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201999, China.
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengfeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Hung YC, Yang HT, Yin MC. Asiatic acid and maslinic acid protected heart via anti-glycative and anti-coagulatory activities in diabetic mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:2967-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac protective effects of asiatic acid (AA) and maslinic acid (MA) in diabetic mice were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-chih Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science
- China Medical University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | - Hui-ting Yang
- Department of Nutrition
- China Medical University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
| | - Mei-chin Yin
- Department of Nutrition
- China Medical University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
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Gao Y, Su Y, Huo Y, Mi J, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang H. Identification of antihyperlipidemic constituents from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis Diels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1315-1321. [PMID: 25064834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Rubia yunnanensis Diels (Rubiaceae) have been used as an alternative for Rubia cordifolia for the treatment of various diseases including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease for a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. To evaluate antihyperlipidemic activity of the roots of Rubia. yunnanensis Diels and to identify active compounds from the active fraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antihyperlipidemic effects of extract and compounds of the roots of Rubia yunnanensis were studied in HepG2 cells and in vivo model in olive oil-loaded mice. The isolation of compounds was conducted using various chromatographic methods and the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS techniques. RESULTS Methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Rubia yunnanensis potently decreased the triglycerides accumulation in HepG2 cells and the methanol extract of Rubia yunnanensis (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the TG elevation in a dose dependent manner in olive oil-loaded mice. Through various chromatographic methods, twenty-three compounds (1-23) were isolated in which arborinane-type triterpenoids and a free anthraquinone potently inhibited TG levels in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Arborinane-type triterpenoids, especial rubiarbonone C (16) and an anthraquinone, 2-methyl-1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-9, 10-anthraquinone (MTHA) (22) were identified as the main active compounds responsible for antihyperlipidemic activity. Based on these findings, we proposed that the extract of Rubia yunnanensis and its active components, arborinane-type triterpenoids and the free anthraquinone might be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yayu Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prachaney P, Kukongviriyapan V. Asiatic Acid Reduces Blood Pressure by Enhancing Nitric Oxide Bioavailability with Modulation of eNOS and p47phox
Expression in l
-NAME-induced Hypertensive Rats. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1506-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; Khon Kaen University; 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
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Asiatic acid alleviates hemodynamic and metabolic alterations via restoring eNOS/iNOS expression, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. Nutrients 2014; 6:355-70. [PMID: 24441717 PMCID: PMC3916866 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid is a triterpenoid isolated from Centella asiatica. The present study aimed to investigate whether asiatic acid could lessen the metabolic, cardiovascular complications in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HCHF diet with 15% fructose in drinking water for 12 weeks to induce MS. MS rats were treated with asiatic acid (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for a further three weeks. MS rats had an impairment of oral glucose tolerance, increases in fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and hindlimb vascular resistance; these were related to the augmentation of vascular superoxide anion production, plasma malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (p<0.05). Plasma nitrate and nitrite (NOx) were markedly high with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, but dowregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (p<0.05). Asiatic acid significantly improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress markers, plasma TNF-α, NOx, and recovered abnormality of eNOS/iNOS expressions in MS rats (p<0.05). In conclusion, asiatic acid improved metabolic, hemodynamic abnormalities in MS rats that could be associated with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and recovering regulation of eNOS/iNOS expression.
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