1
|
Zhao W, Luo H, Lin Z, Huang L, Pan Z, Chen L, Fan L, Yang S, Tan H, Zhong C, Liu H, Huang C, Wang J, Zhang B. Wogonin mitigates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118364. [PMID: 38763368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Wogonin is one of the primary bioactive components of SBG. Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) represents a prevalent form of drug-induced liver damage and is primarily driven by inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the therapeutic effects of Wogonin on AILI and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were pre-treated with Wogonin (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg bodyweight) for 3 days, followed by treatment with APAP (300 mg/kg bodyweight). The serum and liver tissue samples were collected at 24 h post-APAP treatment. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cells were cultured and pre-treated with Wogonin (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 30 min, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/mL) for 3 h. To examine the role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the therapeutic effect of Wogonin on AILI, mice and cells were treated with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor). RESULTS Wogonin pre-treatment dose-dependently alleviated AILI in mice. Additionally, Wogonin suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Liver transcriptome analysis indicated that Wogonin primarily regulates immune function and cytokines in AILI. Wogonin suppressed inflammatory responses of macrophages by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Consistently, Wogonin exerted therapeutic effects on AILI in mice through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Wogonin alleviated AILI and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyingzi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huishan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zelong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liji Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Longxiu Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shilong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huishi Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment for Refractory Chronic Diseases, China.
| | - Beiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment for Refractory Chronic Diseases, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xian S, Yang Y, Nan N, Fu X, Shi J, Wu Q, Zhou S. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS-mediated necroptosis by Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids in carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118253. [PMID: 38679400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (DNL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). The previous data showed that Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) protect against CCl4-induced liver damage via oxidative stress reduction and mitochondrial function improvement, yet the exact regulatory signaling pathways remain undefined. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of necroptosis in the mode of CCl4-induced liver injury and determine whether DNLA protects against CCl4-induced acute liver injury (ALI) by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS (mtROS)-mediated necroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNLA was extracted from DNL, and the content was determined using liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS). In vivo experiments were conducted in C57BL/6J mice. Animals were administrated with DNLA (20 mg/kg/day, ig) for 7 days, and then challenged with CCl4 (20 μL/kg, ip). CCl4-induced liver injury in mice was evaluated through the assessment of biochemical indicators in mouse serum and histopathological examination of hepatic tissue using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The protein and gene expressions were determined with western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA, and mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using a fluorescent probe JC-1. The mtROS level was assessed using a fluorescence probe MitoSOX. RESULTS DNLA lessened CCl4-induced liver injury, evident by reduced AST and ALT levels and improved liver pathology. DNLA suppressed necroptosis by decreasing RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL phosphorylation, concurrently enhancing mitochondrial function. It also broke the positive feedback loop between mtROS and RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL activation. Similar findings were observed with resveratrol and mitochondrial SOD2 overexpression, both mitigating mtROS and necroptosis. Further mechanistic studies found that DNLA inhibited the oxidation of RIPK1 and reduced its phosphorylation level, whereby lowering the phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL, blocking necroptosis, and alleviating liver injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that DNLA inhibits the necroptosis signaling pathway by reducing mtROS mediated oxidation of RIPK1, thereby reducing the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, and protecting against liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siting Xian
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laddha AP, Wu H, Manautou JE. Deciphering Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity: The Crucial Role of Transcription Factors like Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 as Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:740-753. [PMID: 38857948 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used over-the-counter medication throughout the world. At therapeutic doses, APAP has potent analgesic and antipyretic effects. The efficacy and safety of APAP are influenced by multifactorial processes dependent upon dosing, namely frequency and total dose. APAP poisoning by repeated ingestion of supratherapeutic doses, depletes glutathione stores in the liver and other organs capable of metabolic bioactivation, leading to hepatocellular death due to exhausted antioxidant defenses. Numerous genes, encompassing transcription factors and signaling pathways, have been identified as playing pivotal roles in APAP toxicity, with the liver being the primary organ studied due to its central role in APAP metabolism and injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its array of downstream responsive genes are crucial in counteracting APAP toxicity. NRF2, along with its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, plays a vital role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis. This regulation is significant in modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatocellular death induced by APAP. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the mechanisms through which NRF2 activation and signaling critically influence the threshold for developing APAP toxicity. We also describe how genetically modified rodent models for NRF2 and related genes have been pivotal in underscoring the significance of this antioxidant response pathway. While NRF2 is a primary focus, the article comprehensively explores other genetic factors involved in phase I and phase II metabolism of APAP, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pathways that contribute to APAP toxicity, thereby providing a holistic understanding of the genetic landscape influencing susceptibility to this condition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the genetic elements and signaling pathways underlying APAP-induced liver toxicity, focusing on the crucial protective role of the transcription factor NRF2. This review also delves into the genetic intricacies influencing APAP safety and potential liver harm. It also emphasizes the need for deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, especially the interplay of NRF2 with other pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Hangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang L, Wang J, Yu J, Bian M, Xiang X, Han G, Chen W, Wang N, Ge J, Lu S, Zhang J. Picein alleviates oxidative stress and promotes bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect by inhibiting ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4066-4085. [PMID: 38727095 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) can result in slower bone regeneration than the normal condition due to abnormal oxidative stress and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a condition detrimental for bone formation, making the OP-related bone healing a significant clinical challenge. As the osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is closely related to bone regeneration; currently, this study assessed the effects of Picein on BMSCs in vitro and bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect in vivo. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. The production of (ROS), malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase activities, and glutathione was evaluated by using commercially available kits, and a flow cytometry analysis was adopted to detect macrophage polarization. Osteogenic capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and Alizarin red S staining. The expression of osteogenic-related proteins (OPN, Runx-2, OCN) and osteogenic-related genes (ALP, BMP-4, COL-1, and Osterix) were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, proliferation, migration ability, and angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by EdU staining, scratch test, transwell assay, and tube formation assay, respectively. Angiogenic-related genes (VEGF, vWF, CD31) were also evaluated by RT-PCR. Results showed that Picein alleviated erastin-induced oxidative stress, enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs, angiogenesis of HUVECs, and protects cells against ferroptosis through Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 axis. Moreover, Picein regulate immune microenvironment by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages in vitro. In addition, Picein also reduce the inflammation levels and promotes bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect in OP rat models in vivo. Altogether, these results suggested that Picein can promote bone regeneration and alleviate oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway, offering Picein as a novel antioxidant agent for treating osteoporotic bone defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqin Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxuan Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjie Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weisin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu Y, Liang J, Yuan Z, Wang A, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhang H, Liu Y. Bioactive compound schaftoside from Clinacanthus nutans attenuates acute liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118135. [PMID: 38556139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, a traditional herb renowned for its anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, has garnered considerable attention. Although its hepatoprotective effects have been described, there is still limited knowledge of its treatment of acute liver injury (ALI), and its mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the efficacy of Clinacanthus nutans in ALI and to identify the most effective fractions and their underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Bioinformatics was employed to explore the underlying anti-hepatic injury mechanisms and active compounds of Clinacanthus nutans. The binding ability of schaftoside, a potential active ingredient in Clinacanthus nutans, to the core target nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was further determined by molecular docking. The role of schaftoside in improving histological abnormalities in the liver was observed by H&E and Masson's staining in an ALI model induced by CCl4. Serum and liver biochemical parameters were measured using AST, ALT and hydroxyproline kits. An Fe2+ kit, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, RT-qPCR, and DCFH-DA were used to measure whether schaftoside reduces ferroptosis-induced ALI. Subsequently, specific siRNA knockdown of Nrf2 in AML12 cells was performed to further elucidate the mechanism by which schaftoside attenuates ferroptosis-induced ALI. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking showed that schaftoside is the principal compound from Clinacanthus nutans. Schaftoside was shown to diminish oxidative stress levels, attenuate liver fibrosis, and forestall ferroptosis. Deeper investigations revealed that schaftoside amplified Nrf2 expression and triggered the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, thereby reversing mitochondrial aberrations triggered by lipid peroxidation, GPX4 depletion, and ferroptosis. CONCLUSION The lead compound schaftoside counters ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 axis, providing insights into a novel molecular mechanism for treating ALI, thereby presenting an innovative therapeutic strategy for ferroptosis-induced ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Zhexin Yuan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xinxing Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; International Joint Research Center of Human-machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, 571199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sang X, Guan X, Tong Y, Wang F, Zhou B, Li Y, Zhao Q. Sulfated Polysaccharides from Sea Cucumber Cooking Liquid Prevents Obesity by Modulating Gut Microbiome, Transcriptome, and Metabolite Profiles in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2024; 13:2017. [PMID: 38998524 PMCID: PMC11241695 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the anti-obesity mechanism from the microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome viewpoints, focusing on the sulfated polysaccharides found in the cooking liquid of Apostichopus japonicus (CLSPAJ) to explore the potential mediators of the anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The mice treated with CLSPAJ showed a decrease in obesity and blood lipid levels. Gut microbiome dysbiosis caused by the HFD was reversed after CLSPAJ supplementation, along with increased levels of indole-3-ethanol, N-2-succinyl-L-glutamic acid 5-semialdehyde, and urocanic acid. These increases were positively related to the increased Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Phascolarctobacterium. Transcriptome analysis showed that B cell receptor signaling and cytochrome P450 xenobiotic metabolism were the main contributors to the improvement in obesity. Metabolome-transcriptome analysis revealed that CLSPAJ reversal of obesity was mainly due to amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest that CLSPAJ could be a valuable prebiotic preparation for preventing obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High-Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yao Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fuyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Boqian Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High-Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High-Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Li M, Zhao Z, Khan A, Zhao T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cheng G. The influences of extraction methods on the chemical constituents of Lyonia ovalifolia (wall.) Drude and intracellular protective effects based on metabolomics analysis. Food Chem 2024; 456:140031. [PMID: 38870821 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude (LO) is mainly distributed in China with health benefits. In this study, LO buds (LOB) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction (UE) with or without ultra-high-pressure (UHP-UE), microwave (MW-UE), subcritical (SC-UE) techniques. The metabolomic result showed that a total of 960 chemical compounds and 117 differential compounds were identified from LOB extracts. The UHP-UE extract was rich in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, followed by MW-UE, UE and SC-UE extracts, respectively. All LOB extracts increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and glutathione (GSH) content, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), and alleviated apoptosis in cells. The cellular protective effect was UHP-UE > MW-UE > UE > SC-UE. This study revealed that higher pressure and lower temperature may be key factors for increasing bioactivities of LOB extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tianrui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng Y, Chu X, Li Q, Zhu G, Hu J, Sun J, Zeng H, Huang J, Ge G. Xanthohumol ameliorates drug-induced hepatic ferroptosis via activating Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155458. [PMID: 38394733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a canonical iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD), ferroptosis plays a crucial role in chemical-induced liver injuries. Previous studies have demonstrated that xanthohumol (Xh), a natural prenylflavonoid isolated from hops, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties. However, the regulatory effects of Xh on hepatic ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Xh against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and the regulatory effects of Xh on hepatic ferroptosis, as well as to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS/STUDY DESIGN The hepatoprotective benefits of Xh were investigated in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) mice and HepaRG cells. Xh was administered intraperitoneally to assess its in vivo effects. Histological and biochemical studies were carried out to evaluate liver damage. A series of ferroptosis-related markers, including intracellular Fe2+ levels, ROS and GSH levels, the levels of MDA, LPO and 4-HNE, as well as the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins and modulators were quantified both in vivo and in vitro. The modified peptides of Keap1 by Xh were characterized utilizing nano LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Xh remarkably suppresses hepatic ferroptosis and ameliorates AILI both in vitro and in vivo, via suppressing Fe2+ accumulation, ROS formation, MDA generation and GSH depletion, these observations could be considerably mitigated by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Mechanistically, Xh could significantly activate the Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 signaling pathway to counteract AILI-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis. Further investigations showed that Xh could covalently modify three functional cysteine residues (cys151, 273, 288) of Keap1, which in turn, reduced the ubiquitination rates of Nrf2 and prolonged its degradation half-life. CONCLUSIONS Xh evidently suppresses hepatic ferroptosis and ameliorates AILI via covalent modifying three key cysteines of Keap1 and activating Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiayan Chu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jianming Sun
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hairong Zeng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang T, Wang C, Song A, Lei X, Li G, Sun H, Wang X, Geng Z, Shu G, Deng X. Water extract of earthworms mitigates mouse liver fibrosis by potentiating hepatic LKB1/Nrf2 axis to inhibit HSC activation and hepatocyte death. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117495. [PMID: 38016572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE When left untreated, liver fibrosis (LF) causes various chronic liver diseases. Earthworms (Pheretima aspergillum) are widely used in traditional medicine because of their capacity to relieve hepatic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the anti-LF effects of water extract of earthworms (WEE) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCl4-induced mouse model of LF was used to study the impact of WEE on LF in vivo. The anti-LF activity of WEE in mice was compared with that of silybin, which can be clinically applied in LF intervention and was used as a positive control. Activation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and apoptosis and ferroptosis of AML-12 hepatocytes induced by TGFβ1 were used as in vitro models. RESULTS WEE drastically improved LF in mice. WEE reduced markers of activated HSCs in mice and inhibited TGFβ1-induced activation of LX-2 HSCs in vitro. Additionally, WEE suppressed CCl4-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in mouse hepatocytes. Mechanistically, WEE induced Nrf2 to enter the nuclei of the mouse liver cells, and the hepatic levels of Nrf2-downstream antioxidative factors increased. LKB1/AMPK/GSK3β is an upstream regulatory cascade of Nrf2. In the LF mouse model, WEE increased hepatic phosphorylated LKB1, AMPK, and GSK3β levels. Similar results were obtained for the LX-2 cells. In AML-12 hepatocytes and LX-2 HSCs, WEE elevated intracellular Nrf2 levels, promoted its nuclear translocation, and inhibited TGFβ1-induced ROS accumulation. Knocking down LKB1 abolished the impact of WEE on the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 cascade and eliminated its protective effects against TGFβ1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that WEE improves mouse LF triggered by CCl4 and supports its application as a promising hepatoprotective agent against LF. The potentiation of the hepatic antioxidative AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 cascade by activating LKB1 and the subsequent suppression of HSC activation and hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis are implicated in WEE-mediated alleviation of LF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anning Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangqiong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhirong Geng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangwen Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xukun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu P, Li Q, Zhu G, Zhang T, Tu D, Zhang F, Finel M, He Y, Ge G. Characterization of the glucuronidating pathway of pectolinarigenin, the major active constituent of the Chinese medicine Daji, in humans and its influence on biological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117280. [PMID: 37797876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese medicine Daji (the aerial part of Cirsium japonicum DC.) and its charred product (Cirsii Japonici Herba Carbonisata) have been widely used as hemostatic agents or diuretic agents to prepare a variety of Chinese herbal formula. Pectolinarigenin (PEC), one of the most abundant constituents in both Daji and its charred product, has been considered as the key effective substance responsible for the major pharmacological activities of Daji, including hemostasis, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-osteoporosis effects. However, the major metabolic pathways of PEC in humans and the influence of PEC metabolism on its biological activities are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize the main metabolic pathway(s) and key enzymes of PEC in human biological systems, as well as to reveal the influence of PEC metabolism on its biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolic stability assays of PEC were investigated in human liver microsomes (HLM). The O-glucuronide of PEC was biosynthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The key enzymes responsible for O-glucuronidation of PEC in humans were assigned by performing UGT reaction phenotyping, chemical inhibition and enzymatic kinetic assays. The agonist effects of PEC and its O-glucuronide on nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARα and PPARβ) were tested at the cellular level. RESULTS PEC could be readily metabolized to form a mono-O-glucuronide in both human liver microsome (HLM) and human intestinal microsome (HIM). The mono-O-glucuronide was bio-synthesized by mouse liver S9 and its structure was fully characterized as PEC-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (PEC-O-7-G). UGT1A1, UGT1A3 and UGT1A9 are key enzymes responsible for PEC-7-O-glucuronidation in HLM, while UGT1A1, UGT1A9 and 1A10 may play key roles in this reaction in HIM. Biological tests revealed that PEC displayed strong agonist effects on Nrf2, PPARα and PPARβ, whereas PEC-7-O-glucuronide showed relatively weak Nrf2 agonist effect and very weak PPAR agonist effects, indicating that PEC-7-O-glucuronidation strongly weaken its agonist effects on Nrf2 and PPAR. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that 7-O-glucuronidation is the major metabolic pathway of PEC in human tissues, while UGT1A1, 1A3 and 1A9 are key contributing enzymes responsible for PEC-7-O-glucuronidation in human liver. It is also found that PEC 7-O-glucuronidation significantly weakens the Nrf2 and PPAR agonist effects. All these findings are very helpful for the pharmacologists to deep understand the metabolic rates of PEC in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongzhu Tu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yuqi He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Li H, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhao D, Su M, Jia Z, Shen S. Integrating Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Decipher the Hepatoprotective Effect Mechanisms of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Injection. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:279-298. [PMID: 38248321 PMCID: PMC10813909 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the liver protective effects of a fourth-generation glycyrrhizic acid product (magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection, MII) in the treatment of mice with drug-induced liver injury-specifically, to determine its effects on plasma metabolites. Moreover, the possible mechanism of its intervention in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism through the liver protective effect was preliminarily explored, combined with network pharmacology. The liver injury model of mice was established using acetaminophen (APAP). The protective effect of MII on the mice model was evaluated using pathological tissue sections and biochemical indices such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Metabolomics analysis of plasma was performed using the UHPLC-QTOF/MS technique to screen for potential biomarkers and enriched metabolic pathways. The potential targets and pathways of MII were predicted by network pharmacology, and the mechanism was verified by Western blot analysis. MII significantly improved the pathological liver changes in mice with liver injury. The content of ALT and AST was decreased, and the activity of SOD was increased significantly (p < 0.05, 0.01). A total of 29 potential biomarkers were identified in the metabolomics analysis, mainly involving seven pathways, such as lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. A total of 44 intersection targets of MII in the treatment of liver injury were obtained by network pharmacology, involving lipid metabolism and other related pathways. Western blot analysis results showed that MII could significantly reduce the expression of JAK2 and STAT3. MII can effectively ameliorate liver injury in modeled mice through related pathways such as lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. This study could provide not only a scientific basis for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of MII in exerting a hepatoprotective effect, but also a reference for its rational clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xueli Liu
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dong Zhao
- NDMA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Generic Drug, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.L.); (Q.W.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Zhixin Jia
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (H.L.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiu L, Feng R, Wu QS, Wan JB, Zhang QW. Total saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis by p62-related Nrf2 pathway and AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116785. [PMID: 37321425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey. (PJ) has been used as a tonic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for years. Based on its meridian tropism in liver, spleen, and lung, PJ was popularly used to enhance the function of these organs. It is originally recorded with detoxicant effect on binge drink in Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi, a persuasive Chinese materia medica. And binge dink has a close relationship with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hence, it's meaningful to investigate whether PJ exerts liver protection against binge drink toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation was carried out not only to emphasize the right recognition of total saponins from PJ (SPJ), but also to study on its sober-up effectiveness and defensive mechanism against acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPJ constituents were verified by HPLC-UV analysis. In vivo, acute alcoholic liver oxidative stress and hepatosteatosis were established by continuous ethanol gavage to C57BL/6 mice for 3 days. SPJ was pre-administered for 7 days to investigate its protective efficacy. Loss of righting reflex (LORR) assay was employed to assess anti-inebriation effect of SPJ. Transaminases levels and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were measured to indicate the alcoholic liver injury. Antioxidant enzymes were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress degree in liver. Measurement of hepatic lipid accumulation was based on Oil Red O staining. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, HepG2 cells were treated with ethanol for 24 h, and SPJ was pre-administered for 2 h. 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used as a probe to indicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nrf2 activation was verified by the favor of specific inhibitor, ML385. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was indicated with immunofluorescence analysis. Proteins expressions of related pathways were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Oleanane-type saponins are the most abundant constituents of SPJ. In this acute model, SPJ released inebriation of mice in a dose dependent manner. It decreased levels of serum ALT and AST, and hepatic TG. Besides, SPJ inhibited CYP2E1 expression and reduced MDA level in liver, with upregulations of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT. p62-related Nrf2 pathway was activated by SPJ with downstream upregulations of GCLC and NQO1 in liver. AMPK-ACC/PPARα axis was upregulated by SPJ to alleviate hepatic lipidosis. Hepatic IL-6 and TNF-α levels were downregulated by SPJ, which indicated a regressive lipid peroxidation in liver. In HepG2 cells, SPJ reduced ethanol-exposed ROS generation. Activated p62-related Nrf2 pathway was verified to contribute to the alleviation of alcohol-induced oxidative stress in hepatic cells. CONCLUSION This attenuation of hepatic oxidative stress and steatosis suggested the therapeutic value of SPJ for ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China; Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, Taipa, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, Taipa, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Wang R, Tan H, Wu K, Hu Y, Diao H, Wang D, Tang X, Leng M, Li X, Cai Z, Luo D, Shao X, Yan M, Chen Y, Rong X, Guo J. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsule ameliorates diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis via suppressing YTHDF2-mediated m 6A modification of SIRT3 mRNA. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116766. [PMID: 37343655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Zhenzhu TiaoZhi (FTZ), a Chinese medicinal decoction, has continuously been used to treat metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. The N6 methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a highly dynamic and reversible process involving a variety of important biological processes. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of FTZ in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Doppler ultrasonography was used to examine the carotid intima-media thickness and plaque area in diabetic atherosclerosis patients. HFD mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. HE and Oil red O staining were used to assess the effect of FTZ on lipid deposition. HUVECs were induced with HG/ox-LDL as a model of diabetic atherosclerosis. Furthermore, application of m6A methylation level kit, qRT-PCR, Western blot, tunel staining, reactive oxygen species staining and mPTP staining were performed to analyze the detailed mechanism. RESULTS Clinical trials of FTZ have shown obvious effect of lowering blood glucose and blood lipids. These effects were reversed after FTZ intervention. Compared with the control, lipid deposition decreased significantly after FTZ administration. FTZ reduced endothelial cell apoptosis. At the same time, we found that FTZ reversed the increase of methylation reader YTHDF2 caused by ox-LDL treatment. Subsequently, we discovered that YTHDF2 degraded SIRT3 mRNA, leading to endothelial cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION FTZ attenuated diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis by decreasing blood glucose and serum lipids levels, and increased endothelial cell antioxidant capacity, inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis via inhibiting YTHDF2-mediated m6A modification of SIRT3 mRNA, which reduced mRNA degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huiling Tan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Kaili Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yaju Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xinyuan Tang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mingyang Leng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhenlu Cai
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Duosheng Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Shao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Meiling Yan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li H, Chen Y, Ding M, Yan Z, Guo W, Guo R. Pectolinarigenin attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110763. [PMID: 37832626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unavoidable complication of liver hepatectomy, transplantation, and systemic shock. Pectolinarigenin (Pec) is a flavonoid with many biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant stress. This study explored whether Pec pretreatment could reduce hepatic I/R injury and the potential mechanisms at play. After pretreatment of mice and AML12 cells with Pec, I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were established. By examining markers related to liver injury, cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, the effect of Pec on important processes involved in hepatic I/R injury was assessed. Protein levels associated with the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway were analyzed by relative quantification to investigate possible pathways through which Pec plays a role in the I/R process. Pec treatment corrected abnormal transaminase levels resulting from I/R injury, improved liver injury, and increased AML12 cell viability. Moreover, Pec treatment inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis and could activate the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway during I/R and H/R. Further studies found that LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) suppressed the protective effect of Pec on hepatic I/R injury. In summary, our results show that Pec inhibits oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, thereby attenuating I/R-induced liver injury and H/R-induced cell damage via activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yabin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mingjie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Henan Engineering & Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; National Organ Transplantation Physician Training Center, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ran Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Engineering & Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Lao R, Lei J, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Wang T, Tong Y. Natural Products for Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7901. [PMID: 38067630 PMCID: PMC10708418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a vital role in metabolism, synthesis, and detoxification, but it is susceptible to damage from various factors such as viral infections, drug reactions, excessive alcohol consumption, and autoimmune diseases. This susceptibility is particularly problematic for patients requiring medication, as drug-induced liver injury often leads to underestimation, misdiagnosis, and difficulties in treatment. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used and safe drug in therapeutic doses but can cause liver toxicity when taken in excessive amounts. This study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of APAP and explore potential treatment strategies using a mouse model of APAP-induced liver injury. The study involved the evaluation of various natural products for their therapeutic potential. The findings revealed that natural products demonstrated promising hepatoprotective effects, potentially alleviating liver damage and improving liver function through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation, which cause changes in signaling pathways. These results underscore the importance of exploring novel treatment options for drug-induced liver injury, suggesting that further research in this area could lead to the development of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions, ultimately benefiting patients with liver injury caused by medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyangzi Li
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruyang Lao
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiawei Lei
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116000, China;
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (X.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yingpeng Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fu RH. Pectolinarigenin Improves Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse NSC-34 Motor Neuron Cell Lines Induced by C9-ALS-Associated Proline-Arginine Dipeptide Repeat Proteins by Enhancing Mitochondrial Fusion Mediated via the SIRT3/OPA1 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 38001861 PMCID: PMC10669908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is considered a fatal progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MN) caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. There are currently no treatments available. The most common inherited form of ALS is the C9orf72 mutation (C9-ALS). The proline-arginine dipeptide repeat protein (PR-DPR) produced by C9-ALS has been confirmed to be a functionally acquired pathogenic factor that can cause increased ROS, mitochondrial defects, and apoptosis in motor neurons. Pectolinarigenin (PLG) from the traditional medicinal herb Linaria vulgaris has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. I established a mouse NSC-34 motor neuron cell line model expressing PR-DPR and confirmed the neuroprotective effect of PLG. The results showed that ROS production and apoptosis caused by PR-DPR could be improved by PLG treatment. In terms of mechanism research, PR-DPR inhibited the activity of the mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1 and mitofusin 2. Conversely, the expression of fission protein fission 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) increased. However, PLG treatment reversed these effects. Furthermore, I found that PLG increased the expression and deacetylation of OPA1. Deacetylation of OPA1 enhances mitochondrial fusion and resistance to apoptosis. Finally, transfection with Sirt3 small interfering RNA abolished the neuroprotective effects of PLG. In summary, the mechanism by which PLG alleviates PR-DPR toxicity is mainly achieved by activating the SIRT3/OPA1 axis to regulate the balance of mitochondrial dynamics. Taken together, the potential of PLG in preclinical studies for C9-ALS drug development deserves further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-422052121-12486
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li HX, Sun MR, Zhang Y, Song LL, Zhang F, Song YQ, Hou XD, Ge GB. Human Carboxylesterase 1A Plays a Predominant Role in Hydrolysis of the Anti-Dyslipidemia Agent Fenofibrate in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1490-1498. [PMID: 37550069 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a marketed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, has been widely used for treating severe hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia. As a canonical prodrug, fenofibrate can be rapidly hydrolyzed to release the active metabolite (fenofibric acid) in vivo, but the crucial enzyme(s) responsible for fenofibrate hydrolysis and the related hydrolytic kinetics have not been well-investigated. This study aimed to assign the key organs and crucial enzymes involved in fenofibrate hydrolysis in humans, as well as reveal the impact of fenofibrate hydrolysis on its non-PPAR-mediated biologic activities. Our results demonstrated that fenofibrate could be rapidly hydrolyzed in the preparations from both human liver and lung to release fenofibric acid. Reaction phenotyping assays coupling with chemical inhibition assays showed that human carboxylesterase 1A (hCES1A) played a predominant role in fenofibrate hydrolysis in human liver and lung, while human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A) and human monoacylglycerol esterase (hMAGL) contributed to a very lesser extent. Kinetic analyses showed that fenofibrate could be rapidly hydrolyzed by hCES1A in human liver preparations, while the inherent clearance of hCES1A-catalyzed fenofibrate hydrolysis is much higher (>200-fold) than than that of hCES2A or hMAGL. Biologic assays demonstrated that both fenofibrate and fenofibric acid showed very closed Nrf2 agonist effects, but fenofibrate hydrolysis strongly weakens its inhibitory effects against both hCES2A and hNtoum. Collectively, our findings reveal that the liver is the major organ and hCES1A is the predominant enzyme-catalyzing fenofibrate hydrolysis in humans, while fenofibrate hydrolysis significantly reduces inhibitory effects of fenofibrate against serine hydrolases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fenofibrate can be completely converted to fenofibric acid in humans and subsequently exert its pharmacological effects, but the hydrolytic pathways of fenofibrate in humans have not been well-investigated. This study reported that the liver was the predominant organ and human carboxylesterase 1A was the crucial enzyme involved in fenofibrate hydrolysis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Ya Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (H.-X.L., M.-R.S., Y.Z., L.-L.S., F.Z., Y.-Q.S., X.-D.H., G.-B.G.) and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China (L.-L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu Y, Li M, Wang Y, Xue Q, Luo X, Khan A, Zhao T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Cheng G. Protective effect of hot-water and ethanol-aqueous extracts from Anneslea fragrans against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113973. [PMID: 37506865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Anneslea fragrans Wall. (AF) is an important medicinal and edible plant in China. The principal objectives of this study are to explore the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol-aqueous (AFE) and hot-water (AFW) extracts in vitro and in vivo. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that AFW and AFE are rich in dihydrochalcones. Both AFW and AFE significantly up-regulated the expressions of SOD, CAT and GSH, reduced the MDA content in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced HepG2 cells, and suppressed the expressions of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW246.7 cells. In APAP-induced mice, AFW and AFE administration significantly decreased the plasma levels of AST and ALT, and improved liver tissue damage, the collagen deposition and fibrosis formation. Moreover, AFW and AFE decreased the MDA and ROS accumulations via activating Nrf2 pathway to increase the hepatic GSH contents and activities of SOD, CAT, HO-1, and NQO-1, reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by suppressing the JNK/p38/ERK/NF-κB pathways, and alleviated apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3/9 protein expressions. This study provides a new sight that AFW and AFE may have a potential natural resource for the treatment of liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Hu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tianrui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yudan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li L, Qi J, Tao H, Wang L, Wang L, Wang N, Huang Q. Protective effect of the total flavonoids from Clinopodium chinense against LPS-induced mice endometritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116489. [PMID: 37054825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze (C. chinense) is a Chinese herbal medicine used in treating gynecological hemorrhagic diseases for hundreds of years. Flavonoids are one kind of the major components in C. chinense. The flavonoids of C. chinense (TFC) have a vital role in treating endometritis but the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of TFC against endometritis have been rarely reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of TFC against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in vivo and LPS-induced primary mouse endometrial epithelial cells (MEECs) injury in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The holistic phytochemicals of the TFC and TFC-contained serum were screened and identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The model of endometritis was established by intrauterine injection of LPS (5 mg/mL) into female BALB/c mice, and the model mice were treated with TFC for 7 days. The value of MPO was measured by Myeloperoxidase assay kit, the pathological changes in the endometrium were evaluated using H&E staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM), the secretions of IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by ELISA kits, the mRNA expressions of IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by RT-PCR assay, and the protein levels of TLR4, IKBα, p-IKBα, p65, p-p65, caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3 and GSDMD were measured by Western blot. Subsequently, MEECs were isolated from the uterus of pregnant female mice, injured by LPS for 24 h and incubated with the TFC-contained serum. Finally, cell viability, LDH release, hoechst 33342/PI staining, immunofluorescence staining, scanning electron microscope observation, ELISA assay, RT-PCR detection and Western blot analysis were carried out to further validate the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanisms of TFC. RESULTS A total of 6 compounds in the plasma of mice after being intragastric administrated of TFC were identified. The results in vivo showed that TFC significantly reduced MPO value and alleviated pathological injury of the endometrium. Furthermore, TFC significantly decreased the serum IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and the mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β and TNF-α. TFC also inhibited the expressions of TLR4, p-IKBα, p-p65, caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3 and GSDMD. Besides, compared with the model group in MEECs cells, TFC-contained serum prevented pyroptosis, decreased the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β, and inhibited the mRNA expressions of IL-18, IL-1β and GSDMD. TFC-contained serum also reversed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome caused by nigericin, and restrainted the translocation of NF-κB into nuclear. CONCLUSIONS TFC protects mice endometritis from the injury of LPS via suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, the underlying mechanisms of which were related to restraining the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Jiajia Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Hong Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang L, Lu S, Bian M, Wang J, Yu J, Ge J, Zhang J, Xu Q. Punicalagin attenuates TNF-α-induced oxidative damage and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2023:113717. [PMID: 37429372 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors in changing bone homeostasis. Redox homeostasis plays a key role in the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the angiogenesis ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for bone regeneration. Currently, this study assessed the effects of punicalagin (PUN) on BMSCs and HUVECs. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. A flow cytometry analysis was adopted to detect macrophage polarization. The production of reactive oxygen stress (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated by using commercially-available kits. Osteogenic capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by ALP activity, ALP staining and ARS staining. The expression of osteogenic-related proteins (OCN, Runx-2, OPN) and Nrf/HO-1 levles were evaluated by Western blotting. Osteogenic-related genes (Osterix, COL-1, BMP-4, ALP) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Migration ability and invasion ability of HUVECs were evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Angiogenic ability was detected by tube formation assay and the expression of angiogenic-related genes (VEGF, vWF, CD31) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results showed that PUN alleviated oxidative stress by TNF-α, enhanced osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Moreover, PUN regulate immune microenvironment by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages and reduce the oxidative stress related products by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Altogether, these results suggested that PUN can promote osteogenic capacity of BMSCs, angiogenesis of HUVECs, alleviate oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, offering PUN as a novel antioxidant agent for treating bone loss diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Mengxuan Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jieqin Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qintong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|