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Adewara OA, Ogunbanwo ST. Acid stress responses of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Candida kefyr isolated from fermented sorghum gruel and their application in food fermentation. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:269-280. [PMID: 35038286 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and yeasts to adverse fluctuations during fermentation causes stress, consequently, microbes develop adaptive responses. In this study, the physiological and proteomic responses of LAB and yeast to acid stress, and their application in food fermentation was investigated. The physiological and proteomic responses of Lactobacillus amylovorus LS07 and Candida kefyr YS12 to acid stress were measured using turbidimetry method, SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS respectively. The technique previously reported by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were employed for evaluation of the physiocochemical and organoleptic properties of the sorghum gruel fermented using the LAB and yeast in singly and combination as starter cultures and spontaneous fermentation as control. Growth of L. amylovorus LS07 was optimal at pH 1.0 and C. kefyr YSI2 at pH 4. An increased intensity of 30S ribosomal protein S2 (L. amylovorus LS07) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (C. kefyr YS12) was noted at pH 1 and 4 respectively suggesting increased microbial metabolism thereby reducing stress encountered. Sorghum gruel produced with combined starters had the highest crude protein (10.94 %), Iron content (0.0085 %), organoleptic acceptability (7.29) significantly different from products produced with the single starters and control. The combined starter's (L. amylovorus LS07 and C. kefyr YSI2 as starter) adapted stress yielded foods with improved sensory properties, mineral and reduced anti-nutrient contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Adeola Adewara
- University of Ibadan, 58987, Microbiology, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Caleb University, 202110, Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria;
| | - S T Ogunbanwo
- University of Ibadan, Microbiology, P.O. Box 22346, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria, +234;
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Wang X, Zhang L, Qin L, Wang Y, Chen F, Qu C, Miao J. Physicochemical Properties of the Soluble Dietary Fiber from Laminaria japonica and Its Role in the Regulation of Type 2 Diabetes Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:329. [PMID: 35057510 PMCID: PMC8779286 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is a large marine brown alga that is annually highly productive. However, due to its underutilization, its potential value is substantially wasted. For example, a lot of Laminaria japonica cellulose remains unused during production of algin. The soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was prepared from the byproducts of Laminaria japonica, and its physicochemical properties were explored. SDF exhibits good water-holding, oil-holding, water-absorbing swelling, glucose and cholesterol absorption capacity, and inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In addition, the beneficial effects of SDF in diabetic mice include reduced body weight, lower blood glucose, and relieved insulin resistance. Finally, the intestinal flora and metabolomic products were analyzed from feces using 16S amplicon and LC-MS/MS, respectively. SDF not only significantly changed the composition and structure of intestinal flora and intestinal metabolites, but also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Odoribacter and Bacteroides, decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria Staphylococcus, and increased the content of bioactive substances in intestinal tract, such as harmine, magnolol, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, urimorelin and azelaic acid. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary intake of SDF alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus disease, and provides an important theoretical basis for SDF to be used as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (F.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
| | - Fushan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.); (C.Q.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions and Intermittent Fasting in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020584. [PMID: 33578763 PMCID: PMC7916460 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and its metabolic consequences are a major public health problem both in the USA and globally. While the underlying causes are multifactorial, dysregulations within the brain–gut–microbiome (BGM) system play a central role. Normal eating behavior is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal, extraintestinal and central homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms, resulting in stable body weight. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food has played a crucial role in shifting this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signaling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic toxemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. The balance between homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors is not only influenced by the amount and composition of the diet, but also by the timing and rhythmicity of food ingestion. Circadian rhythmicity affects both eating behavior and multiple gut functions, as well as the composition and interactions of the microbiome with the gut. Profound preclinical effects of intermittent fasting and time restricted eating on the gut microbiome and on host metabolism, mostly demonstrated in animal models and in a limited number of controlled human trials, have been reported. In this Review, we will discuss the effects of time-restricted eating on the BGM and review the promising effects of this eating pattern in obesity treatment.
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Gupta A, Osadchiy V, Mayer EA. Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:655-672. [PMID: 32855515 PMCID: PMC7841622 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal eating behaviour is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal and extra-intestinal homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. By contrast, food addiction is a complex, maladaptive eating behaviour that reflects alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions and a shift of this balance towards hedonic mechanisms. Each component of the BGM axis has been implicated in the development of food addiction, with both brain to gut and gut to brain signalling playing a role. Early-life influences can prime the infant gut microbiome and brain for food addiction, which might be further reinforced by increased antibiotic usage and dietary patterns throughout adulthood. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food can further shift this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signalling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic endotoxaemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. In this Review, we propose a systems biology model of BGM interactions, which incorporates published reports on food addiction, and provides novel insights into treatment targets aimed at each level of the BGM axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center at University of California Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Günter EA, Khramova DS, Markov PA, Popeyko OV, Melekhin AK, Beloserov VS, Martinson EA, Litvinets SG, Popov SV. Swelling behavior and satiating effect of the gel microparticles obtained from callus cultures pectins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:300-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhong H, Xue Y, Lu X, Shao Q, Cao Y, Wu Z, Chen G. The Effects of Different Degrees of Procyanidin Polymerization on the Nutrient Absorption and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112916. [PMID: 30413083 PMCID: PMC6278447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, including polymers with both low and high degrees of polymerization, are the focus of intensive research worldwide due to their high antioxidant activity, medicinal applications, and pharmacological properties. However, the nutritional value of these compounds is limited because they readily form complexes with proteins, polysaccharides, and metal ions when consumed. In this study, we examined the effects of proanthocyanidins with different degrees of polymerization on white mice. Twenty-four male white mice were randomly divided into three groups of eight mice each and fed proanthocyanidins with a low degree of polymerization or a high degree of polymerization or a distilled water control via oral gavage over a 56-day period. We examined the effects of these proanthocyanidins on digestive enzyme activity and nutrient absorption. Compared to the control group, the group fed high-polymer proanthocyanidins exhibited a significant reduction in net body mass, total food intake, food utility rate, amylase activity, protease activity, and major nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05), while the group fed low-polymerization proanthocyanidins only exhibited significant reductions in total food intake, α-amylase activity, and apparent digestibility of calcium and zinc (p < 0.05). Therefore, proanthocyanidins with a high degree of polymerization had a greater effect on digestive enzyme activity and nutrient absorption than did those with a low degree of polymerization. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the relationship between procyanidin polymerization and nutrient uptake, with the aim of reducing or eliminating the antinutritional effects of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairong Zhong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Xiaoyuan Lu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Qiang Shao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Yuelei Cao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Gao Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Ji'nan 250100, China.
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Singh A, Zapata RC, Pezeshki A, Reidelberger RD, Chelikani PK. Inulin fiber dose-dependently modulates energy balance, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota, hormones and diet preference in high-fat-fed male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:142-152. [PMID: 30005919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, a popular prebiotic fiber, has been reported to promote satiety and fat loss; however, the dose-response effects of inulin on energy balance and diet preference, and whether the metabolic effects are independent of calorie restriction are not well characterized. Therefore, we compared the effects of diets varying in inulin concentrations on food intake, energy expenditure, body composition, gut microbiota and hormones, and assessed whether inulin-induced hypophagia was due to reduced diet preference. In experiment 1, male rats were randomized to six high-fat diet groups: control (CON, 0% inulin), 2.5% inulin (2.5IN), 10% inulin (10IN), 25% inulin (25IN), 25% cellulose (25CE) or pair-fed to 25IN (25PF) for 21 days. We demonstrate that inulin dose-dependently decreased caloric intake and respiratory quotient; improved glucose tolerance; increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium spp.; decreased Clostridium clusters I and IV; increased butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase in cecum; upregulated peptide YY, cholecystokinin and proglucagon transcripts in the cecum and colon; and increased plasma peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations. Importantly, unlike 25PF, 25IN attenuated the reduction in energy expenditure associated with calorie restriction and decreased adiposity. In experiment 2, following four training periods, diet preferences were determined. Although 10IN and 25IN decreased caloric intake, and 25CE increased caloric intake, during training, all high-fiber diets were less preferred. Taken together, this work demonstrates that inulin dose-dependently decreased caloric intake, modulated gut microbiota and upregulated satiety hormones, with metabolic effects being largely independent of caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Roger D Reidelberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Gastrointestinal Research Group, Synder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
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Suhr J, Vuholm S, Iversen KN, Landberg R, Kristensen M. Wholegrain rye, but not wholegrain wheat, lowers body weight and fat mass compared with refined wheat: a 6-week randomized study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:959-967. [PMID: 28327566 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest inverse associations between wholegrain intake and body weight gain. Only few controlled intervention studies have supported this association and few compare effects of different grain varieties. OBJECTIVE To investigate how wholegrain wheat (WGW) and rye compared with refined wheat (RW) affect body weight and composition and appetite sensation. DESIGN Seventy overweight/obese adults participated in this 6-week randomized parallel study, in which they replaced their habitual cereal foods with RW, WGW or wholegrain rye (WGR). Further, a 4 h postprandial test meal challenge was completed with meals corresponding to diet allocation in the beginning and after the intervention. Body weight and composition, fasted blood samples, compliance and 4-day dietary intake were obtained before and after the intervention period. Appetite and breath hydrogen excretion was assessed during the postprandial test meal challenge. RESULTS Diet allocation affected body weight significantly (P=0.013) and tended also to affect fat mass (P=0.065). Both body weight and fat mass decreased more in the WGR group (-1.06±1.60 and -0.75±1.29 kg, respectively) compared with the RW group (+0.15±1.28 and -0.04±0.82 kg, respectively; P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Further, the decrease in fat mass in the WGR group tended to exceed that in the WGW group (P=0.07). Overall, no effect of diet on appetite sensation was observed; however, energy intake from study products was ~200 kcal lower in the WGR group when compared with that in the RW group (P<0.05), although total energy intake did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a role for WGR foods in body weight regulation, when provided ad libitum. The effect may be mediated by satiation reflected in a reduction in energy intake, mainly from the wholegrain products without compensation in other parts of the diets, despite no difference in appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhr
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K N Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Denmark.,Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tan C, Wei H, Zhao X, Xu C, Zhou Y, Peng J. Soluble Fiber with High Water-Binding Capacity, Swelling Capacity, and Fermentability Reduces Food Intake by Promoting Satiety Rather Than Satiation in Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100615. [PMID: 27706095 PMCID: PMC5084003 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand whether soluble fiber (SF) with high water-binding capacity (WBC), swelling capacity (SC) and fermentability reduces food intake and whether it does so by promoting satiety or satiation or both, we investigated the effects of different SFs with these properties on the food intake in rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to four equal groups and fed the control diet or diet containing 2% konjac flour (KF), pregelatinized waxy maize starch (PWMS) plus guar gum (PG), and PWMS starch plus xanthan gum (PX) for three weeks, with the measured values of SF, WBC, and SC in the four diets following the order of PG > KF > PX > control. Food intake, body weight, meal pattern, behavioral satiety sequence, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal content were evaluated. KF and PG groups reduced the food intake, mainly due to the decreased feeding behavior and increased satiety, as indicated by decreased meal numbers and increased inter-meal intervals. Additionally, KF and PG groups increased concentrations of acetate acid, propionate acid, and SCFAs in the cecal contents. Our results indicate that SF with high WBC, SC, and fermentability reduces food intake—probably by promoting a feeling of satiety in rats to decrease their feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Tan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xichen Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sinley RC, Albrecht JA. Understanding fruit and vegetable intake of Native American children: A mixed methods study. Appetite 2016; 101:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
AIMS Hypocaloric diet decreases both energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory exchange rate (RER), affecting the efficacy of dieting inversely. Energy deficit and hunger may be modulated separately both in human and animal studies by drug treatment or food restriction. Thus it is important to separate the effects of energy deficit and hunger on EE and RER. METHODS Three parallel and analogous experiments were performed using three pharmacologically distinct anorectic drugs: rimonabant, sibutramine and tramadol. Metabolic parameters of vehicle- and drug-treated and pair-fed diet-induced obese mice from the three experiments underwent common statistical analysis to identify effects independent of the mechanisms of action. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) test of tramadol was also performed to examine its anti-obesity efficacy. RESULTS RER was decreased similarly by drug treatments and paired feeding throughout the experiment irrespective of the cause of reduced food intake. Contrarily, during the passive phase, EE was decreased more by paired feeding than by both vehicle and drug treatment irrespective of the drug used. In the active phase, EE was influenced by the pharmacological mechanisms of action. Tramadol decreased body weight in the DIO test. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that RER is mainly affected by the actual state of energy balance; conversely, EE is rather influenced by hunger. Therefore, pharmacological medications that decrease hunger may enhance the efficacy of a hypocaloric diet by maintaining metabolic rate. Furthermore, our results yield the proposal that effects of anorectic drugs on EE and RER should be determined compared to vehicle and pair-fed groups, respectively, in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kitka
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Division of Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Hungary.
| | - Sebestyén Tuza
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Division of Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Division of Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Hungary
| | - Csilla Horváth
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Division of Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Hungary
| | - Péter Kovács
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Division of Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Hungary
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Hadri Z, Chaumontet C, Fromentin G, Even PC, Darcel N, Bouras AD, Tomé D, Rasoamanana R. Long term ingestion of a preload containing fructo-oligosaccharide or guar gum decreases fat mass but not food intake in mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Li H, Li C, Zhang C, Chen B, Hui L, Shen Y. Compositional and gastrointestinal prokinetic studies of Pugionium (L.). Food Chem 2015; 186:285-91. [PMID: 25976823 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pugionium cornutum (L.) Gaertn. (PCG) is a desert plant with edible and medicinal value. The contents of proximate composition, amino acids and vitamins of fresh and pickled PCG were analyzed. PCG is rich in dietary fiber, protein and vitamins. PCG is a dietary source of potassium and calcium, with low levels of fat and sugar. PCG contains all the 18 hydrolyzed amino acids. Pickled PCG protein is a high quality protein. A large quantity of vitamins are lost during the pickling process. The type and number of mice dejections, gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion were investigated using the water extract of fresh and pickled PCG (WEFP and WEPP) to determine their gastrointestinal prokinetic efficacy. The low-dose WEFP and WEPP promoted the gastrointestinal dynamics and the WEFP and WEPP promoted gastrointestinal activity and act as nonviolent drugs. The results indicate that PCG has great potential as a new functional food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | | | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Lang Hui
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, PR China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Shaanxi Alcohol Ether and Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Yulin Desert Plants Resources, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Soto M, Chaumontet C, Even PC, Nadkarni N, Piedcoq J, Darcel N, Tomé D, Fromentin G. Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 140:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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