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Çarıkçı S, Kılıç T, Gören AC, Dirmenci T, Alim Toraman GÖ, Topçu G. Chemical profile of the Anatolian Sideritis species with bioactivity studies. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1484-1511. [PMID: 37990887 PMCID: PMC11001281 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2280253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The genus Sideritis L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 46 species in Turkey with an 79% endemism ratio, 42 of 46 belonging to the section Empodoclia. OBJECTIVE In this review article, Sideritis species growing in Turkey have been evaluated for phytochemical constituents and biological activities. METHODS The data for the isolates, components and extracts of the Anatolian Sideritis species and their bioactivity studies were retrieved from the main databases WoS, Scopus and PubMed from 1975 until 31 December 2022. RESULTS In this review article, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and other secondary metabolites isolated from Turkish Sideritis species were reported. Anatolian Sideritis species, which primarily consist of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were studied in detail. Sideritis plants are represented by 46 species in Turkey, and 25 of them were investigated for their diterpenoids through isolation or LC-MS studies. Most of the diterpenoids of Turkish Sideritis species have ent-kaurene skeleton, among them linearol, siderol, 7-epicandicandiol and sideridiol were found to be the main compounds. Exceptionally, labdane, pimarane and beyerene diterpenoids were only found in a few species. For phenolics and flavonoids, only 12 species were investigated until now, and they were found to be rich in phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides. In terms of activity, most of the species were tested for antioxidant activity, followed by antimicrobial and anti-ulcer/anti-inflammatory activities. Their cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antinociceptive and antistress activities were less frequently studied. CONCLUSIONS Sideritis species should be considered promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of upper respiratory tract and ulcer/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Çarıkçı
- Vocational School, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turgut Kılıç
- Department of Science Education, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet C. Gören
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Dirmenci
- Department of Biology Education, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | | | - Gülaçtı Topçu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center (DARC), Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Danova K, Stanoeva JP, Aneva I, Alipieva K, Stefova M. Plant Growth Regulators and Activated Charcoal Selectively Affect Phenylethanoid and Flavone Glycoside Accumulation in Sideritis scardica Griseb. Tissue Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2541. [PMID: 37447102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Sideritis scardica Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species traditionally used for the treatment of pulmonary emphysema and angina pectoris. Recent research has also shown its phytotherapeutic potential as an anticancer and neuroprotective agent. These findings, as well as the endangered status of the species in its wild habitats, have motivated the present research on application of plant cell tissue and organ culture for the purposes of both valuable germplasm conservation and secondary metabolites production. Shoot cultures of the plant were initiated from sterile germinated seeds and the effects of activated charcoal (AC), as well benzyl adenine and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid treatments, were experimented. The phenolic profile analysis was performed by HPLC/DAD/MSn. Comparison with samples collected from wild plants in their natural habitat was performed. It was established that in vitro multiplication induced by plant growth regulators (PGRs) was accompanied by a higher impairment of leaf morphology and trichome formation, as well as by the occurrence of plantlet hyperhydricity and callus formation, as compared with the AC treatments. Shoot culture-derived plant material was shown to produce two phenylethanoids and five flavone glycosides, not detected in the wild collected plant material. In addition, the two types of in vitro culture treatments led to the stimulation of either flavone glycosides or phenylethanoids in the in vitro cultivated plants. Thus, AC stimulated, to a higher extent, flavone glycosides' accumulation, leading to an elevated flavone/phenylethanoid ratio, as compared with PGR treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Danova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Stefova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
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Aćimović M, Stanković Jeremić J, Miljković A, Rat M, Lončar B. Screening of Volatile Compounds, Traditional and Modern Phytotherapy Approaches of Selected Non-Aromatic Medicinal Plants ( Lamiaceae, Lamioideae) from Rtanj Mountain, Eastern Serbia. Molecules 2023; 28:4611. [PMID: 37375165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ironwort (Sideritis montana L.), mountain germander (Teucrium montanum L.), wall germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.), and horehound (Marrubium peregrinum L.) are species widely distributed across Europe and are also found in North Africa and West Asia. Because of their wide distribution they express significant chemical diversity. For generations, these plants have been used as medical herbs for treating different aliments. The aim of this paper is to analyze volatile compounds of four selected species that belong to the subfamily Lamioideae, family Lamiaceae, and inspect scientifically proven biological activities and potential uses in modern phytotherapy in relation to traditional medicine. Therefore, in this research, we analyze the volatile compounds from this plants, obtained in laboratory by a Clevenger-type apparatus, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with hexane as the solvent. The identification of volatile compounds is conducted by GC-FID and GC-MS. Although these plants are poor in essential oil, the most abundant class of volatile components are mainly sesquiterpenes: germacrene D (22.6%) in ironwort, 7-epi-trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (15.8%) in mountain germander, germacrene D (31.8%) and trans-caryophyllene (19.7%) in wall germander, and trans-caryophyllene (32.4%) and trans-thujone (25.1%) in horehound. Furthermore, many studies show that, in addition to the essential oil, these plants contain phenols, flavonoids, diterpenes and diterpenoids, iridoids and their glycosides, coumarins, terpenes, and sterols, among other active compounds, which affect biological activities. The other goal of this study is to review the literature that describes the traditional use of these plants in folk medicine in regions where they grow spontaneously and compare them with scientifically confirmed activities. Therefore, a bibliographic search is conducted on Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar to gather information related to the topic and recommend potential applications in modern phytotherapy. In conclusion, we can say that selected plants could be used as natural agents for promoting health, as a source of raw material in the food industry, and as supplements, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry for developing plant-based remedies for prevention and treatment of many diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad-IFVCNS, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Stanković Jeremić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy-ICTM, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Miljković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Rat
- Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Biljana Lončar
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Chrysargyris A, Tomou EM, Goula K, Dimakopoulou K, Tzortzakis N, Skaltsa H. Sideritis L. essential oils: A systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 209:113607. [PMID: 36746369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are extensively used in the food, cosmetic, perfume, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries due to their aroma and pharmacological properties. The Lamiaceae family is mainly represented by widely well-known medicinal and aromatic plants that produce essential oil. Over the years, Sideritis L. essential oils have attracted great interest due to their chemical variability among the different taxa and their pharmacological activities. In-depth research of previously published literature was performed on electronic databases with several key search words for the collection of the available data and a total of 128 scientific studies were used since 1983. To date, 155 accepted Sideritis samples have been studied originating from 15 countries and more than 250 compounds have been reported in 87 Sideritis taxa overall. Furthermore, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects have been the most studied pharmacological activities. This review summarizes and critically discusses the research work on the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of essential oil of the genus Sideritis based on the currently valid taxonomy. Additionally, statistical analysis is encompassed to provide a deeper comprehensive understanding of the high chemical polymorphism of Sideritis essential oils. We expect that this review will encourage researchers to investigate unexplored Sideritis taxa and will contribute to revealing uncharted scientific territory and future perspectives on these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katerina Goula
- Section of Ecology and Systematics, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Dimaki VD, Zeliou K, Nakka F, Stavreli M, Bakratsas I, Papaioannou L, Iatrou G, Lamari FN. Characterization of Sideritis clandestina subsp. peloponnesiaca Polar Glycosides and Phytochemical Comparison to Other Mountain Tea Populations. Molecules 2022; 27:7613. [PMID: 36364439 PMCID: PMC9658581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sideritis clandestina (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek subsp. peloponnesiaca (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden (SCP) is endemic to the mountains of the Northern Peloponnese (Greece). This and other Sideritis taxa, collectively known as mountain tea, are widely ingested as beverages for refreshment or medicinal purposes. We describe a methodology for the characterization of SCP. Four iridoid glycosides (monomelittoside, melittoside, ajugoside, and 7-O-acetyl-8-epiloganic acid), two phenolic acid glycosides (vanillic and salicylic acid glycosides), and three caffeoyl ester glycosides (chlorogenic acid, verbascoside, and isoverbascoside) were isolated from SCP for the first time. We used ultrasound-assisted extraction of 3 g of plant material to produce petroleum ether and aqueous extracts, which we then analyzed using GC/MS and LC/MS. This was applied to eight samples from four different taxa. In total, 70 volatile and 27 polar metabolites were determined. The S. clandestina samples had a lower phenolic content and weaker antioxidant properties than S. raeseri and S. scardica. However, S. clandestina ssp. clandestina seemed to be the most aromatic taxon, with almost double the number of volatiles as the others. Τhis study could contribute to authentication and chemotaxonomic studies of Sideritis taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia D. Dimaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Zeliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini Nakka
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michaela Stavreli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bakratsas
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ligeri Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Gregoris Iatrou
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini N. Lamari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Krgović N, Jovanović M, Aradski AA, Janković T, Stević T, Zdunić G, Laušević SD, Šavikin K. Bioassay-Guided Skin-Beneficial Effects of Fractionated Sideritis raeseri subsp. raeseri Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202677. [PMID: 36297701 PMCID: PMC9609566 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potentials for skin-beneficial effects of the hydroethanolic extract of the aerial parts of ironwort (Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. raeseri) and its fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water). For these purposes, chemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial assays, as well as determination of sun protection factor (SPF), were performed. The highest total phenolic content and quantity of individual flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and verbascoside were determined in the n-butanol fraction, which is in line with results obtained for antioxidant activity. The greatest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common causative agents of the skin infections in humans, was exhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction. The strongest anti-tyrosinase activity was shown by the hydroethanolic extract (52.64% of inhibition at 100 μg/mL). Almost all tested samples showed photoprotective activity with SPF higher than 6 obtained at a low concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, which was more than 15 for the butanol fraction. These findings revealed that the hydroethanolic extract of S. raeseri aerial parts could be a valuable ingredient in the formulation of cosmetic and medicinal products intended to overcome various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Krgović
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Jovanović
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Alimpić Aradski
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Teodora Janković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stević
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Zdunić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Duletić Laušević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Münevver Arslan, Özek G, Özek T. Essential Oil Compositions and Site Characteristics of Sideritis pisidica in Natural Habitat. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425521060020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pihan LAM, Peter S, Vollmer G, Meier B, Wolfram E. HPTLC Fingerprint Authentication of Selected Sideritis spp. Using a Pharmacognostic Approach. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:1152-1166. [PMID: 34655064 DOI: 10.1055/a-1647-2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) comprises around 150 species, of which many are popular herbal remedies in Mediterranean folk medicine. Already mentioned by Dioscorides and Theophrastus, the "ironwort" or "Greek mountain tea" has been receiving increased attention in recent years. A European Union herbal monograph and assessment report (HMPC) has been issued, covering the species Sideritis scardica, S. clandestina, S. raeseri, and S. syriaca. This study presents results of a first pharmacognostic examination of the botanical and phytochemical differences among and between these emerging commercial species, and other, less studied species. An HPTLC method is proposed for normal phase separation of the species; this means applying two mobile phases on silica plates and subsequent derivatization with natural product reagent (NP/PEG) for visualization of phenolic compounds and anisaldehyde for a broader detection. With the help of selected reference compounds, a system suitability test was established for proper chromatographic separation. The method was applied to specimens from botanical gardens and commercial raw material in order to test its suitability for differentiation and authentication. The HPTLC analysis also includes, for the first time, S. hyssopifolia and other less used Sideritis species. The results might enable the development of a validated phytochemical fingerprint authentication procedure for quality assurance of Sideritis herba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Anna-Maria Pihan
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Natural Products and Phytopharmacy Research Group, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Technical University Dresden, Faculty of Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Samuel Peter
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Natural Products and Phytopharmacy Research Group, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Technical University Dresden, Faculty of Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Beat Meier
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Natural Products and Phytopharmacy Research Group, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Natural Products and Phytopharmacy Research Group, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Comparison of Volatile Organic Compounds of Sideritis romana L. and Sideritis montana L. from Croatia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195968. [PMID: 34641513 PMCID: PMC8512722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A study on the headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of native populations of Sideritis romana L. and Sidertis montana L., Lamiaceae, from Croatia is reported herein, to elucidate the phytochemical composition of taxa from this plant genus, well-known for traditional use in countries of the Mediterranean and the Balkan region. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), using divinylbenzene/carboxene/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) or polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the dried aerial parts of six native populations in total. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the volatile constituents with an average relative percentage ≥1.0% in at least one of the samples. Clear separation between the two species was obtained using both fiber types. The VOCs profile for all investigated populations was characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons, except for one population of S. romana, in which monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the VOCs composition of natural populations of S. romana and S. montana from Croatia as well as the first reported HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of S. romana and S. montana worldwide.
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Šavikin K, Živković J, Janković T, Ćujić-Nikolić N, Zdunić G, Menković N, Drinić Z. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133949. [PMID: 34203414 PMCID: PMC8272202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10–90%), extraction temperature (20–80 °C), extraction time (10–60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.
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Ognyanov M, Remoroza CA, Schols HA, Petkova NT, Georgiev YN. Structural study of a pectic polysaccharide fraction isolated from "mountain tea" (Sideritis scardica Griseb.). Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117798. [PMID: 33712146 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the structural characteristics of an acid-extracted polysaccharide fraction from mountain tea. The monosaccharide composition revealed that uronic acids (72.4 mol%) considerably predominated in the fraction, followed by smaller amounts of galactose (14.5 mol%) and glucose (6.2 mol%). The fraction contained mostly a highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) - 71 mol%. The pectin had a high molecular weight population (∼60-100 kDa). Enzymatic fingerprinting was employed with a combination of HG degrading enzymes and LC-HILIC-MS, HPAEC, HPSEC to examine the structure in greater detail. Unsaturated oligomers released indicated the presence of large blocks of highly methyl-esterified GalA residues. Furthermore, the presence of blocks of non-esterified GalA residues and partly methyl-esterified and acetylated GalA residues in HG domain was demonstrated. The research findings provide a basis for further investigations regarding biological activity and commercial exploitation of mountain tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manol Ognyanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Connie A Remoroza
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8362, USA.
| | - Henk A Schols
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nadezhda Tr Petkova
- University of Food Technologies, Technological Faculty, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Yordan N Georgiev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Azizoglu A, Ozer Z, Sema C, Kilic T. Comparative experimental and theoretical study on the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of sideroxol isolated from Sideritis stricta and its electronic properties. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv9i2p94-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sideroxol, a kaurene diterpene, was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis stricta plant. The ground-state molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and NMR chemical shifts were also investigated by using various density functional theories and Pople basis sets. The computed geometries are in good conformity with the experimental data. The comparison between theory and experiments indicates that B3LYP and M06 methods with the 6-31G(d) basis set are able to provide satisfactory results for predicting vibrational and NMR properties. There seems to be no significant effect of addition of diffuse and polarization functions in the basis set used herein.
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Serebryanaya FK, Konovalova I. Microscopical Investigation of Sideritis taurica. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v3i3.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This research presents the results of the morphological-anatomical study of grass organs above ground (leaves, stems, and flowers) from Sideritis taurica Steph. ex Willd. from the Lamiaceae family. The range of distribution of this species covers Eastern Europe, including Crimea, Caucasus. This plant is commonly found as an ornamental plant and grows in the southern and central regions of Russia. The purpose of this study is the anatomical and morphological study of the vegetative organs of S. taurica and the formation of diagnostic signs for reliable plant identification. The research material used was S. taurica herbicide samples collected in Crimea on the slopes of Mount Ay-Petri. Plant material is fixed in the glycerin : water system in a ratio of 1 : 1. Cross-section of stems and leaves is carried out using blades. The study was conducted with the morphological-anatomical method. The results obtained indicate the anatomical structure of the lamina, stem, and flower of the plant that has been studied. Anomocytic types of stomatal devices, unicellular and multicellular trichomes, located on the upper and lower sides of the leaf, as well as on the corolla stem and epidermis, have been discovered. The study carried out is part of the S. taurica complex pharmacognostic study.
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ÇARIKÇI S. Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Properties of Sideritis perfoliata subsp. athoa (Papan. &Kokkini) Baden and Sideritis trojana Bornm. Teas from Mount Ida-Turkey and Their Phenolic Characterization by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.718274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tomou EM, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Chatzopoulou P, Tzakos AG, Skaltsa H. NMR-Based Chemical Profiling, Isolation and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Potential of the Diterpenoid Siderol from Cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr. Molecules 2020; 25:E2382. [PMID: 32443927 PMCID: PMC7287962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenes are characteristic compounds from the genus Sideritis L., possessing an array of biological activities. Siderol is the main constituent of the ent-kaurene diterpenes in Sideritis species. In order to isolate the specific compound and evaluate for the first time its cytotoxic activity, we explored the dichloromethane extract of cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr. To track the specific natural bioactive agent, we applied NMR spectroscopy to the crude plant extract, since NMR can serve as a powerful and rapid tool both to navigate the targeted isolation process of bioactive constituents, and to also reveal the identity of bioactive components. Along these lines, from the rapid 1D 1H NMR spectrum of the total crude plant extract, we were able to determine the characteristic proton NMR signals of siderol. Furthermore, with the same NMR spectrum, we were able to categorize several secondary metabolites into chemical groups as a control of the isolation process. Therefore, this non-polar extract was explored, for the first time, revealing eleven compounds-one fatty acid ester; 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethylstearate (1), three phytosterols; β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), and campesterol (4); one triterpenoid; ursolic acid (5), four diterpenoids; siderol (6), eubol (7), eubotriol (8), 7-epicandicandiol (9) and two flavonoids; xanthomicrol (10) and penduletin (11). The main isolated constituent was siderol. The antiproliferative potential of siderol was evaluated, using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay, on three human cancer cell lines DLD1, HeLa, and A549, where the IC50 values were estimated at 26.4 ± 3.7, 44.7 ± 7.2, and 46.0 ± 4.9 μΜ, respectively. The most potent activity was recorded in the human colon cancer cell line DLD1, where siderol exhibited the lowest IC50. Our study unveiled the beneficial potential of siderol as a remarkable cytotoxic agent and the significant contribution of NMR spectroscopy towards the isolation and identification of this potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria V. Chatziathanasiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Institute of Breeding and Plant Genetic Resources, IBPGR, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
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Lytra K, Tomou EM, Chrysargyris A, Drouza C, Skaltsa H, Tzortzakis N. Traditionally Used Sideritis cypria Post.: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated Populations. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:650. [PMID: 32477129 PMCID: PMC7235332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sideritis species are recognized as important medicinal plants and their commercial demand is continuously on the rise both in the European and in the global market. Consequently, the cultivation of Sideritis species has been occurred to successfully meet the need for mass production of high-quality plant material. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the chemical composition of cultivated S. cypria. Infusions of flowers and leaves were prepared separately, according to the European Medicine Agency (EMA) monograph. The infusion of the flowers revealed the presence of four flavones, isoscutellarein-7-O-[6′″-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, its 4′-O-methyl-derivative, 4′-O-methyl-hypolaetin-7-O-[6′″-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and isoscutellarein-7-O-[6′″-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-6″-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside; four phenylethanoid glucosides, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, lamalboside, and leonoside A; one iridoid, melittoside, and one phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid, while the infusion of the leaves of the same population afforded the same first two flavones; five phenylethanoid glucosides, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, lavandulifolioside, leonoside A, and lamalboside; melittoside and chlorogenic acid. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was undertaken by high-field NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the essential oils of the flowers and leaves were studied by GC-MS, separately. In addition, the mineral, bioactive compounds, protein and carbohydrate contents were evaluated for both plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystalia Lytra
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Chryssoula Drouza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Carikci S, Goren AC, Kilic T. Diterpenoid and phenolic contents of Sideritis hololeuca Boiss & Heldr. Apud Bentham with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine essential oil, diterpenoid and phenolic contents of Sideritis hololeuca along with their biological activities. Phytol was found to be the main component of the essential oil. Seven known kaurane diterpenoids, siderol (140 mg, 0.16%, w/w), 7-acetoxy sideroxol (15 mg, 0.02%, w/w), eubol (6 mg, 0.01%, w/w), eubotriol (5 mg, 0.03%, w/w), 7-epicandicandiol (3 mg, 0.02%, w/w), ent-7α-acetoxy-18-hydroxykaur-16-ene (5 mg, 0.01%, w/w) and linearol [by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)] were determined from the species. Moreover, vanillin (21 mg, 0.10%, w/w), which was not isolated from any Sideritis species earlier, was isolated from an acetone extract of S. hololeuca. Quantitative amounts of some phenolic compounds in n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol extracts and infusion and decoction of the plants were also investigated by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition effects of the species were evaluated. The extracts of methanol and infusion and decoction of species showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity. The highest inhibition was observed from the decoction of species. The Cu2+ reducing power of infusion was determined as 1.435 mmol TR g−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Carikci
- Department of Vocational School , Izmir Democracy University , 35140 Izmir , Turkey , Phone: +90 232 2621001, Fax: +90 232 2621004
| | - Ahmet C. Goren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty , Bezmialem Vakif University , 34093 Istanbul , Turkey
- Bezmialem Vakif University , Drug Application and Research Center (İLMER) , 34093 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Turgut Kilic
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Necatibey Faculty of Education , Balıkesir University , 10100 Balıkesir , Turkey
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Axiotis E, Petrakis EA, Halabalaki M, Mitakou S. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Endemic Sideritis sipylea Boiss. in North Aegean Greek Islands. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092022. [PMID: 32357535 PMCID: PMC7248978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sideritis sipylea Boiss. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean basin that is distributed in the Greek islands of the North Aegean Sea, i.e., Lesvos, Chios, Samos, and Ikaria, and in the West and Middle peninsula of Turkey. It is considered an endangered species because of its uncontrolled collection from its original habitat. Although the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties have been previously reported, the total chemical profile has not yet been explored. In this context, the chemical profiles of the water/methanol (HA), methanol (ME), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). In parallel, analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the dichloromethane extract (DCM) as well as for the essential oil (EO) and the extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Furthermore, the total phenolic content (TPC) along with the in vitro tyrosinase and elastase enzyme inhibitory activity of different extracts was evaluated, towards the discovery of new active agents for cosmetic formulations. These activities are in accordance with its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, confirming the importance of ethnopharmacological references for S. sipylea in Greece and Turkey.
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Tomou EM, Chatzopoulou P, Skaltsa H. NMR analysis of cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:147-153. [PMID: 31321825 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last decades, the demand of medicinal plants has vastly increased. The health trend and social changes are leading to a growing demand for herbal products, as medicines and in particular as food supplements. Various cultivations of medicinal plants have been developed in order not only to respond on this enormous market, but also to offer high-quality products. Cultivated plants have attracted great scientific interest for their rich and high standard chemical compositions. OBJECTIVE Our study focuses on the phytochemical profile of cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr., a shrub with a great commercial value. The whole isolation course of all extracts, fractions and sub-fractions was continuously monitored and traced down using an NMR strategy, which permitted their detail characterisation and enabled us to choose the more abundant extract. METHODS Aerial parts of cultivated S. euboea were extracted with solvents of increasing polarity and their secondary metabolites were identified by NMR analyses. RESULTS So far, using various analytical methods, 16 secondary metabolites have been isolated from the methanol extract; two iridoids, seven flavones, five phenylethanoid glucosides and two phenolic acids. In addition to the previous investigation of the wild population, the present study revealed that its chemical profile is similar and even richer in phenolic compounds. CONCLUSION The metabolic profile of cultivated S. euboea was studied through 1 H-NMR spectra; the structures of the isolated secondary metabolites were assigned based on their one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectra. The NMR strategy allowed us to detect even the minor compounds in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation DEMETER, Institute of Breeding and Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 71, Athens, Greece
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Züleyha Özer, Kılıç T, Çarıkçı S, Azizoglu A. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Spectroscopic Properties, and Theoretical Investigation of Siderol Acetate. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419130235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kırmızıbekmez H, Erdoğan M, Kúsz N, Karaca N, Erdem U, Demirci F, Hohmann J. Secondary metabolites from the aerial parts of Sideritis germanicopolitana and their in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:655-658. [PMID: 31081375 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1586700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Three iridoid glycosides, 5-allosyloxy-aucubine (1), melittoside (2), ajugol (3), five phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (4), martynoside (5), leucoseptoside A (6), lamalboside (7), decaffeoylverbascoside (8), four flavonoids, xanthomicrol (9), isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'''-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (10), 4'-O-methylisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'''-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methylisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'''-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), and two lignan glycosides dehydrodiconiferylalcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranose (13) and pinoresinol 4'-O-β-glucopyranoside (14) were isolated from the aerial parts of Sideritis germanicopolitana. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed NMR and HRESIMS analyses. To our knowledge, all compounds are being reported for the first time from S. germanicopolitana, while the isolated lignans (13 and 14) are new for the genus Sideritis. In vitro evaluation of AChE, BChE and LOX inhibitory effects of all the tested compounds (1-14) resulted in low to moderate activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Erdoğan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nursenem Karaca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Umur Erdem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Aneva I, Zhelev P, Kozuharova E, Danova K, Nabavi SF, Behzad S. Genus Sideritis, section Empedoclia in southeastern Europe and Turkey - studies in ethnopharmacology and recent progress of biological activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:407-421. [PMID: 30927208 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two decades there has been a substantial increase of the number of studies on the species of genus Sideritis. Species of section Empedoclia, occurring in the Eastern Mediterranean region and in part of Western Asia possess some remarkable characteristics and are known as valuable medicinal plants used by local people in the traditional medicine and for herbal tea. The objective of the review is to make a survey on the recent studies on the ethnopharmacology and biological activity of the species in Southeastern Europe and in Turkey, which is the center of distribution and their main occurrence. MAIN BODY The review focuses on the ethnopharmacology and biological activities of the species of interest. The survey revealed that a total of 47 species belonging to section Empedoclia have been studied either in ethnopharmacological aspect, or in relation to their biological activities, or both. Most species have been used traditionally by the local people as herbal tea or for treatment of various health problems, most frequently flu, cold and respiratory diseases. Sideritis species demonstrate numerous biological activities and are promising for use in the therapy of many diseases and health disorders. Antioxidant activity was found in 40 species, antimicrobial and antibacterial activity - in 27 species, anti-inflammatory - in 14 species, antifungal - in 8 species, cytotoxic - in 7 species. There were also some other, more specific biological activities, found in a few species, but considered promising for further studies and application. SHORT CONCLUSION The species of genus Sideritis, section Empedoclia have been used by local people as herbal tea and in traditional medicine since long time ago. People are taking advantage of the high species diversity and are aware of their useful properties. Much more information is available on the biological activities of the target species than on their traditional uses. Most species demonstrate various biological activities and are of substantial interest for further studies on their pharmacological properties and their potential for pharmacy and medicine. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of traditional uses and biological activities of some Sideritis species. Arrows with different colors represent biological activities of different species. The species and their corresponding color can be seen at the right part of the figure. The colors correspond also to the squares placed in the different parts of human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Ekaterina Kozuharova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Danova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Erdoğan A, Özkan A, Ünal O, Dülgeroğlu C. Parental ve epirubicin-HCl dirençli H1299 hücrelerinde dağ çayı (Sideritis stricta Boiss & Heldr.) uçucu yağının sitotoksik ve membran hasar verici etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.340273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Feistel B, Wegener T, Rzymski P, Pischel I. Assessment of the Acute and Subchronic Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Sideritis scardica Griseb. Extracts. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070258. [PMID: 29937516 PMCID: PMC6071134 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sideritis scardica Griseb. has a long history of collection from the wild as a traditional remedy for respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints. It has also been investigated for its promising pharmacological activities in the central nervous system. However, its toxicological data is entirely missing. This study investigated the acute and repeated-dose oral toxicity of a S. scardica 20% (v/v) ethanol extract in Sprague Dawley rats, and mutagenicity using the Ames test. No gross pathological abnormalities and no toxicity signs or mortality were detected in animals treated with the dose of 2000 mg/kg bw during 14 days of observation. The tested extract was assigned to category 5 of the GHS. To evaluate a repeated-dose toxicity, an extract has been tested over a 28-day period followed by a 14-day recovery period. No mortality and no changes in body/organ weight or food consumption have been observed. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level of the extract was determined at 1000 mg/kg bw. The results of Ames tests conducted on extracts of different polarity (water; 20% (v/v) ethanol; 50% (v/v) ethanol; n-heptane), were unequivocally negative. The study reveals no toxicity of S. scardica and no concerns for its mutagenic effects, supports its positive safety profile, and confirms the acknowledged traditional medicinal use in human.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland.
| | - Ivo Pischel
- Dr. Ivo Pischel Consulting, Rossbach 53547, Germany.
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Kilic T, Sagir ZO, Carikci S, Azizoğlu A. Experimental and Theoretical Vibrational Spectra of Sideridiol Isolated from Sideritis Species. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024417130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tóth B, Kúsz N, Forgo P, Bózsity N, Zupkó I, Pinke G, Hohmann J, Vasas A. Abietane diterpenoids from Sideritis montana L. and their antiproliferative activity. Fitoterapia 2017; 122:90-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sagir ZO, Carikci S, Kilic T, Goren AC. Metabolic profile and biological activity of Sideritis brevibracteata P. H. Davis endemic to Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1265981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Ozer Sagir
- Medicinal and Aromatical Plants Programme, Altinoluk Vocational School, Balikesir University, Altinoluk, Edremit-Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Sema Carikci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Campus of Cagis, Balikesir University, Altieylül-Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Turgut Kilic
- Department of Science Educations, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balikesir University, Altieylül-Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet C. Goren
- Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBİTAK, UME, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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Faiella L, Piaz FD, Bader A, Braca A. Diterpenes and phenolic compounds from Sideritis pullulans. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 106:164-170. [PMID: 25073951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Sideritis pullulans aerial part and root extracts allowed to isolate six ent-kaurane diterpenes, two phenylpropanoids, and one coumarin, identified as 1α,3α,7β,18-tetrahydroxy-ent-kaur-16-ene (sideripullol A) (1), 3α,11α,18-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-ene (sideripullol B) (2), 3α,7β,18-trihydroxy-17-nor-ent-kauran-16-one (sideritone A) (3), 3α,7β-dihydroxy-18-acetyloxy-17-nor-ent-kauran-16-one (sideritone B) (4), 3α,7β,16α,17-tetrahydroxy-18-acetyloxy-ent-kaurane (sideripullol C) (5), 7β,16α,17,18-tetrahydroxy-ent-kaurane (sideripullol D) (6), β-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-α-l-arabinopiranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-6-O-t-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (sideritiside A) (7), β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-α-l-arabinopiranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-6-O-t-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (sideritiside B) (8), and 7-demethyl-8-methoxycoumarsabin (9), respectively. Twenty known compounds, including phenolics, flavonol glycosides, iridoids, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lignans, coumarins, and phenylpropanoids were also isolated and characterized. All diterpenes were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faiella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Beck JJ, Smith L, Baig N. An overview of plant volatile metabolomics, sample treatment and reporting considerations with emphasis on mechanical damage and biological control of weeds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:331-41. [PMID: 24347157 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The technology for the collection and analysis of plant-emitted volatiles for understanding chemical cues of plant-plant, plant-insect or plant-microbe interactions has increased over the years. Consequently, the in situ collection, analysis and identification of volatiles are considered integral to elucidation of complex plant communications. Due to the complexity and range of emissions the conditions for consistent emission of volatiles are difficult to standardise. OBJECTIVE To discuss: evaluation of emitted volatile metabolites as a means of screening potential target- and non-target weeds/plants for insect biological control agents; plant volatile metabolomics to analyse resultant data; importance of considering volatiles from damaged plants; and use of a database for reporting experimental conditions and results. METHOD Recent literature relating to plant volatiles and plant volatile metabolomics are summarised to provide a basic understanding of how metabolomics can be applied to the study of plant volatiles. RESULTS An overview of plant secondary metabolites, plant volatile metabolomics, analysis of plant volatile metabolomics data and the subsequent input into a database, the roles of plant volatiles, volatile emission as a function of treatment, and the application of plant volatile metabolomics to biological control of invasive weeds. CONCLUSION It is recommended that in addition to a non-damaged treatment, plants be damaged prior to collecting volatiles to provide the greatest diversity of odours. For the model system provided, optimal volatile emission occurred when the leaf was punctured with a needle. Results stored in a database should include basic environmental conditions or treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Beck
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
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Tundis R, Peruzzi L, Menichini F. Phytochemical and biological studies of Stachys species in relation to chemotaxonomy: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:7-39. [PMID: 24661611 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Stachys is comprised of about 300 species spread throughout the world, hence representing one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae. Several Stachys species have been exploited in traditional medicine as astringent, wound-healing, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-nephritic and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some Stachys species are documented. Iridoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and diterpenoids are reported as secondary metabolites of different species of this genus. The aim of the present review is to summarize and to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge on Stachys species and to compile reports of chemical constituents isolated from the genus Stachys over the past decades, together with their structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships. Diversity of chemical constituents is discussed in relationship with current Stachys infrageneric taxonomy, classification and relationships with systematically close genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Qazimi B, Stefkov G, Karapandzova M, Cvetkovikj I, Kulevanova S. Volatile aroma compounds in infusions of stems and rosette leaves of Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. from R. Macedonia, Albania and Greece. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2014. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the volatile aroma components was defined in the infusion prepared by stems of Sideritis raeseri (SR-S) from R. Macedonia, Albania and Greeсe and in the infusion of rosette leaves of S. raeseri (SR-R) from R. Macedonia. Analysis were made by
gas chromatography (GC/FID/MS) equipped with a headspace (HS) sampler. Twenty components (12 monoterpenes representing 76.70- 94.84% and 8 sesquiterpenes representing 5.16-18.55% of the entire volatiles) were identified as aroma components in SR-S samples. The predominant components in all samples were β-pinene, α-pinene and trans-сaryophyllene. The high abundance of limonene and δ-3-сarene were characteristic for the samples from Greeсe and 1,8-сineole was for the samples from R. Maсedonia and Albania. In the infusions of SR-R, ten components were identified, 5 monoterpenes (73.20-83.89%) and 5 sesquiterpenes (16.10-26.80%). Prevailing components in
all tested samples of SR-R were β-pinene, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and α-epi-murolol. There was almost no difference in the chemical profiles of the aroma compounds between SR-S and SR-R. Infusion of rosette leaves exhibit very similar aroma compounds profile with the infusion of stems of S. raeseri.
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Chemotaxonomic study of Citrus, Poncirus and Fortunella genotypes based on peel oil volatile compounds--deciphering the genetic origin of Mangshanyegan (Citrus nobilis Lauriro). PLoS One 2013; 8:e58411. [PMID: 23516475 PMCID: PMC3596367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile profiles yielded from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis provide abundant information not only for metabolism-related research, but also for chemotaxonomy. To study the chemotaxonomy of Mangshanyegan, its volatile profiles of fruit and leaf and those of 29 other genotypes of Citrus, Poncirus, and Fortunella were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Results showed that 145 identified (including 64 tentatively identified) and 15 unidentified volatile compounds were detected from their peel oils. The phylogenetic analysis of peel oils based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) demonstrated a good agreement with the Swingle taxonomy system, in which the three genera of Citrus, Poncirus, and Fortunella were almost completely separated. As to Citrus, HCA indicated that Citrophorum, Cephalocitrus, and Sinocitrus fell into three subgroups, respectively. Also, it revealed that Mangshanyegan contain volatile compounds similar to those from pummelo, though it is genetically believed to be a mandarin. These results were further supported by the principal component analysis of the peel oils and the HCA results of volatile profiles of leaves in the study.
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Venditti A, Bianco A, Maggi F, Nicoletti M. Polar constituents composition of endemic Sideritis italica (MILL.) GREUTER et BURTER from Central Italy. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1408-12. [PMID: 23297676 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.744991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endemic Sideritis italica (MILL.) GREUTER et BURTER (Lamiaceae) occurs mainly in Southern Italy and Sicily and has previously only been studied for the essential oil composition. In this paper, we complete the phytochemical study of a sample of S. italica, previously analysed for its volatile constituents, occurring in the Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano (Central Italy), which is the northern border of the areal distribution of the species. The analysis of medium polarity constituents led to the isolation of several glycosides, such as flavonoids, i.e. scutellarein derivatives; phenylethanoids, i.e. verbascoside; and iridoids, i.e. melittoside and 5-allosyloxy-aucubin, besides the diterpene siderol. The data reported have chemotaxonomic relevance, since they are in contrast with the hypothesis that in Lamiaceae the species producing iridoids do not usually have relevant essential oil production and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, IT-00185, Rome, Italy.
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