1
|
Kerienė I, Šaulienė I, Šukienė L, Judžentienė A, Ligor M, Valiuškevičius G, Grendaitė D, Buszewski B. Enrichment of Water Bodies with Phenolic Compounds Released from Betula and Pinus Pollen in Surface Water. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:99. [PMID: 38202407 PMCID: PMC10780553 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Betula and Pinus pollen, which are dispersed in natural surface waters, release biologically active compounds into the water bodies. This study aims to evaluate variations in the distribution and composition of phenolic compounds in suspended particles in natural water bodies during pollen spreading. Samples taken from water bodies of different trophic levels were analyzed by microscopy, UV/VIS spectroscopy, HPTLC, and HPLC/DAD. The study revealed that the total phenolic content in water-suspended particles varied from 3.0 mg/g to 11.0 mg/g during Betula and Pinus pollen spreading. It was also observed that the surface water of dystrophic natural lakes had a higher content of phenolic compounds than the eutrophic, hypereutrophic, and mesotrophic water bodies. Chlorogenic, trans-ferulic, vanillin, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids were frequently detected in the surface water samples. Experimental measurements have shown variations in the release of phenolic compounds from Betula pollen into water (p < 0.05). After the exhibition of pollen, the distilled water predominantly contained bioactive chlorogenic acid. Further in situ investigations are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the function of phenolic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. The exploration of the release of bioactive compounds from pollen could provide valuable insights into the potential nutritional value of pollen as a nutrient source for aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kerienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Laura Šukienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Asta Judžentienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Gintaras Valiuškevičius
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Dalia Grendaitė
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.L.); (B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Tzanova M, Marutsova V, Grozeva N. Menadione Contribution to the In Vitro Radical Scavenging Potential of Phytochemicals Naringenin and Lignin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16268. [PMID: 38003457 PMCID: PMC10671743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K3 (menadione), classified as a pro-vitamin, is a synthetic form of the fat-soluble family of vitamin K compounds. The combination of the vitamin with other molecules sharing structural and/or functional similarities, such as naturally occurring polyphenols, vitamins, or biopolymers, could potentiate mutual improvement of their antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role and contribution of vitamin K3 to the in vitro radical scavenging capacity of double and triple combinations with the phytochemicals naringenin and lignin, as well as assess possible intermolecular interactions between the bioactive compounds. Comparative analyses of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the pure substances vitamin K3, naringenin, and lignin; the two-component systems lignin/vitamin K3 and vitamin K3/naringenin; and the triple combination vitamin K3/flavonoid/lignin were carried out. The experimental results demonstrated increased DPPH and ABTS activities of the vitamin in combination with lignin compared to those of the two pure substances, i.e., a synergistic effect was observed. The registered significant increases in the radical scavenging activity of the triple combination determined via both methods are indicative of a remarkable potentiation effect, i.e., higher antioxidant potential exceeding the additive activity of the three pure substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Monika Toneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Milena Tzanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Vanya Marutsova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (M.T.); (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biela M, Kleinová A, Uhliar M, Klein E. Investigation of substituent effect on O–C bond dissociation enthalpy of methoxy group in meta- and para-substituted anisoles. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 122:108465. [PMID: 37062128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper is focused on the theoretical investigation of O-C Bond Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE) of methoxy OCH3 group in 15 meta- and 15 para-substituted anisoles in gas phase, non-polar environment, and water. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using M06-2X functional and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Obtained BDEs were correlated with Brown and Okamoto σp+ and Hammett σm constants representing commonly used descriptors of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituent effect. Obtained linear dependences allow the prediction of substituent effect on BDE using σp+ and σm constants. Calculated reaction enthalpies were also compared with available experimental and theoretical ab initio G4 values. Found results suggest that employed method may provide reliable thermochemistry data for demethylation of naturally occurring (poly)phenolic compounds, as well. In all studied environments, substituent induced changes in O-C BDE can be considered equal to those observed for the dissociation of phenolic O-H bond of substituted phenols.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen M, Li Z, Sun G, Jin S, Hao X, Zhang C, Liu L, Zhang L, Liu H. Theoretical study on the free radical scavenging potency and mechanism of natural coumestans: Roles of substituent, noncovalent interaction and solvent. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 207:113580. [PMID: 36587886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The free radical scavenging potency and mechanisms of seven representative natural coumestans were systematically evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) approach. Thermodynamic feasibility of different mechanisms was assessed by various physio-chemical descriptors involved in the double (2H+/2e‒) radical-trapping processes. Energy diagram and related transition state structures of the reaction between wedelolactone (WEL) and hydroperoxyl radical were constructed to further uncover the radical-trapping details. Results showed that the studied coumestans prefer to scavenge radicals via formal hydrogen atom transfer (fHAT) mechanism in the gas phase and non-polar environment, whereas sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) is favored in polar media. Moreover, the feasibility of second fHAT and SPLET processes was also revealed. Sequential double proton loss double electron transfer (SdPLdET) mechanism represents the preferred pathway in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Our findings highlight the essential role of ortho-dihydroxyl group, noncovalent interaction and solvents on radical-trapping potency. 4'-OH in D-ring was found to be the most favorable site to trap radical for most of the studied coumestans, whereas 3-OH in A-ring for lucernol (LUN).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Shuang Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiyue Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Individual and Combined Antioxidant Activity of Spices and Spice Phenolics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020308. [PMID: 36829866 PMCID: PMC9952251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the interaction effects (additive, synergistic, and antagonistic) of different groups of spices, their constituent phenolic compounds, and synthetic antioxidants on the total phenol (TP) content and antioxidant activity, as measured by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the mixtures. The results showed that there was an additive effect in all the groups studied, except for the group containing turmeric or curcumin. The groups containing turmeric or curcumin showed a moderate synergistic effect. Among the groups of spices, the highest summated TP (50.6 mg GAE/mL) and FRAP (106.2 mg Trolox/mL) values were observed in the group containing clove, cinnamon, pimento, rosemary, oregano, and cardamom. In the case of the groups of pure phenolics, the highest summated TP (364.96 mg GAE/mL) and FRAP (1124.25 mg Trolox/mL) values were observed in the group containing eugenol, acetyl eugenol, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid. The summated and combined TP and FRAP values of the samples correlated highly with the correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.976 and 0.988, respectively, inferring an additive nature of the interaction effect in most of the groups studied. The interactions of phenolics in mixtures are very complex, being affected by a number of factors, and requires more investigations. The current study will add considerable knowledge to the existing literature to understand the diversity and mechanisms of interactions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Asyakina L, Atuchin V, Drozdova M, Kozlova O, Prosekov A. Ex Vivo and In Vitro Antiaging and Antioxidant Extract Activity of the Amelanchier ovalis from Siberia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315156. [PMID: 36499480 PMCID: PMC9738774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids are biologically active substances that prevent aging and age-related diseases, e.g., cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Cellular senescence is related to oxidative stress. The Siberian Federal District is rich in medicinal plants whose extracts contain phenolic acids. These plants can serve as raw materials for antiaging, antioxidant food supplements, and Amelanchier ovalis is one of them. In the present research, we tested the phytochemical profile of its extract for phenolic acids. Its geroprotective and antioxidant properties were studied both ex vivo and in vitro using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-564 as a model organism. The chromotographic analysis revealed gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids, as well as derivatives of chlorogenic and gallic acids. The research involved 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL extracts of Amelanchier ovalis, all of which increased the growth and lifespan of yeast cells. In addition, the extracts increased the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress. An in vitro experiment also demonstrated the antioxidant potential of Amelanchier ovalis against ABTS radicals. Therefore, the Amelanchier ovalis berry extract proved to be an excellent source of phenolic acids and may be recommended as a raw material for use in antioxidant and geroprotective food supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Asyakina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarita Drozdova
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Oksana Kozlova
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mahmoud AED, El-Maghrabi N, Hosny M, Fawzy M. Biogenic synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube) extracts for catalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentialities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89772-89787. [PMID: 35859234 PMCID: PMC9671977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, various concentrations of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi were employed for the phytoreduction of graphene oxide (GO). The green synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was characterized through UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) denoted the presence of numerous phytoconstituents including ketones, terpenoids, fatty acids, esters, and flavonoids, which acted as reducing and capping agents. The obtained results indicated the increase in rGO yield and shape with increasing the extract concentration. The optimized rGO was instantaneously ~100% removed methylene blue (MB) from the water at 5 mg L-1. However, the removal efficiency was slightly declined to reach 73.55 and 65.1% at 10 and 15 mg L-1, respectively. A powerful antibacterial activity for rGO particularly against gram-negative bacteria with a high concentration of 2 × 108 CFU mL-1 was confirmed. Furthermore, rGO demonstrated promising and comparable antioxidant efficiency with vitamin C against DPPH free radical scavenging. While vitamin C recorded 13.45 and 48.4%, the optimized rGO attained 13.30 and 45.20% at 12 and 50 μg mL-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan El-Maghrabi
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosny
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Manal Fawzy
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- National Egyptian Biotechnology Experts Network, National Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Biela M, Kleinová A, Klein E. Guaiacol oxidation: theoretical insight into thermochemistry of radical processes involving methoxy group demethylation. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:730-739. [PMID: 36669169 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2170880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) is naturally occurring phenolic compound essential in various research areas. Oxidative transformation of guaiacol can lead to the formation of various products, including 1,3-benzodioxole or ortho-quinone. Therefore, this study is focused on the investigation of the reaction enthalpies of experimentally observed guaiacol oxidation pathways in gas-phase, as well as in non-polar environment and aqueous solution. Corresponding Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using two hybrid functionals (M06-2X and B3LYP-D3). All reaction enthalpies, as well as Gibbs free energies, were also calculated using composite ab initio G4 method. M06-2X and G4 results show mutual agreement and the best accordance with available experimentally determined reaction enthalpies. Obtained Gibbs free reaction energies indicate that formation of ortho-quinone is thermodynamically preferred to formation of 1,3-benzodioxole at 298 K in studied environments. Moreover, all computational methods confirm that the reaction enthalpy of methoxy group demethylation, i.e. O-C bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), is substantially lower in comparison to the enthalpy of hydrogen atom transfer from phenolic OH group. In the case of phenoxide anion of guaiacol, which can be formed in ionization supporting solvents, O-C BDE shows further significant decrease, exceeding 50 kJ mol-1, in comparison to parent molecule.HIGHLIGHTSReaction enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of individual steps of guaiacol transformation to 1,3-benzodioxole or ortho-quinone are studied in three environments.M06-2X functional and composite ab initio G4 methods provide reliable O-H and O-C bond dissociation enthalpies.Dissociation enthalpy of methoxy group O-C bond is lower by ca. 100 kJ mol-1 in comparison to phenolic O-H bond.Phenoxide anion of guaiacol shows substantially lower O-C BDE than parent molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Biela
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kleinová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erik Klein
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Štellerová D, Michalík M, Lukeš V. Methoxylated flavones with potential therapeutic and photo-protective attributes: Theoretical investigation of substitution effect. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113387. [PMID: 36055427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and electronic structure of parent flavone and 49 (poly)methoxylated flavones (P)MFs were studied theoretically. Selected group of flavonoids consists of compounds naturally occurring in citrus plants or synthetic derivatives of flavone. These compounds exhibit several bioactivities in vitro and in vivo and can protect plants from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Substitution induced structural changes in (P)MFs were correlated with published experimental values of P-glycoprotein inhibition effect. We have demonstrated that the C5-C10 bond length of 1-benzopyran-4-one moiety represents a suitable structural descriptor for this bioactivity. Obtained linear equations for the compounds with substituted and non-substituted C3 position enable the prediction of the potential anti-cancer chemo-preventive effect of the rest of studied (P)MFs. Consequently, potentially more effective substances were suggested. Optical properties of (P)MFs and their relationship with the molecular structure was examined in detail for methanol environment, as well. The multiple linear regression model was applied to assess the correlation between experimental absorption and fluorescence wavelengths with the theoretically predicted ones. The UV photo-protective potential of studied derivatives was estimated from the calculated optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Štellerová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Michalík
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Investigation of Antioxidant Synergisms and Antagonisms among Phenolic Acids in the Model Matrices Using FRAP and ORAC Methods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091784. [PMID: 36139858 PMCID: PMC9495677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The total antioxidant potential of a sample cannot be predicted from the antioxidant activity of its compounds; thus, scientists usually explain the overall activity through their combined effects (synergistic, antagonistic, or additive). Phenolic compounds are one of the most powerful and widely investigated antioxidants, but there is a lack of information about their molecular interactions. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined antioxidant activity of equimolar mixtures (binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary) of 10 phenolic acids (protocatechuic, gentisic, gallic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, and rosmarinic acid) at different concentrations using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Gallic acid showed the highest antioxidant activity, determined using the FRAP assay (494–5033 µM Fe2+) and rosmarinic acid with the ORAC assay (50–92 µM Trolox Equivalents (TE)), while the lowest antioxidant potential was observed for p-coumaric acid (FRAP 24–113 µM Fe2+ and ORAC 20–33 µM TE). The synergistic effect (by FRAP) in the equimolar mixtures of hydroxybenzoic acids was confirmed for a large number of tested mixtures, especially at low concentrations. All mixtures containing gentisic acid showed a synergistic effect (28–89% difference). Using the ORAC method, only two mixtures of hydroxybenzoic acids showed an antagonistic effect, namely a mixture of gentisic + syringic acids (−24% difference) and gallic + vanillic acids (−30% difference), while all other mixtures showed a synergistic effect in a range of 26–236% difference. Among mixtures of hydroxycinnamic acids, the highest synergistic effect was observed for the mixtures of p-coumaric + ferulic acids and caffeic + sinapic acids with differences of 311% and 211%, respectively. The overall antioxidant activity of phenolic acids could be explained by the number or position of hydroxyl and/or methoxy functional groups as well as the compound concentration, but the influence of other parameters such as dissociation, intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and electron donating or withdrawing effect should not be neglected.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mittal A, Vashistha VK, Das DK. Recent advances in the antioxidant activity and mechanisms of chalcone derivatives: a computational review. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:378-397. [PMID: 36063087 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2120396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have reported the antioxidant mechanisms and structure-antioxidant activity relationship of several chalcone derivatives, investigated in the recent past, based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, considering free radical scavenging and metal chelation ability. The antioxidant mechanisms include hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), sequential proton loss hydrogen atom transfer (SPLHAT), sequential double proton loss electron transfer (SdPLET), sequential triple proton loss double electron transfer (StPLdET), sequential triple proton loss triple electron transfer (StPLtET), double HAT, double SPLET, double SET-PT, triple HAT, triple SET-PT, triple SPLET, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), single electron transfer (SET), radical adduct formation (RAF) and radical adduct formation followed by hydrogen atom abstraction (RAF-HAA). Furthermore, solvent effects have also been considered using different solvation models. The feasibility of scavenging different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been discussed considering various factors such as the number and position of hydroxyl as well as methoxy groups present in the antioxidant molecule, stability of the species formed after scavenging reactive species, nature of substituent, steric effects, etc. This review opens new perspectives for designing new compounds with better antioxidant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Vashistha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hang DTN, Hoa NT, Bich HN, Mechler A, Vo QV. The hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of natural hydroxybenzoic acids in oil and aqueous environments: Insights into the mechanism and kinetics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113281. [PMID: 35738432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foods that contain hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (HBA) include red fruits, black radish, onion, and potato peel. HBA are widely known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and especially antioxidant capabilities; however, a comprehensive study of the mechanism and kinetics of the antiradical action of these compounds has not been performed. Here, we report a study on the mechanisms and kinetics of hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of HBA by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. According to the results, HBA exert low HOO• antiradical activity in the nonpolar environment with overall rate constants in the range of koverall = 5.90 × 10-6 - 4.10 × 103 M-1 s-1. However, most HBA exhibit significant HOO• antiradical activity (koverall = 105 - 108 M-1 s-1) by the single electron transfer (SET) reaction of the phenoxide anions in water at physiological pH. The overall rate constant increases with increasing pH values in the majority of the substances studied. At pH ≤ 4, gentisic acid had the best HOO• antiradical activity (log(koverall) = 3.7-4.8), however at pH > 4, the largest HOO• radical scavenging activity (log(koverall) = 4.8-9.8) was almost exclusively found for gallic and syringic acids. Salicylic and 5-sulphosalicylic acids have the lowest antiradical activity across most of the pH range. The activities of the majority of the acids in this study are faster than the reference compound Trolox. Thus, in the aqueous physiological environment, these HBA are good natural antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Thi Ngoc Hang
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Ngoc Bich
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|