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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Han Y, Richardson JR, St Armour G, Horman BM, Patisaul HB. Gestational exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) disrupts the placenta-brain axis in a socially monogamous rodent species, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:112041. [PMID: 37562579 PMCID: PMC10795011 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Gestational flame retardant (FR) exposure has been linked to heightened risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Historically, toxicologists have relied on traditional, inbred rodent models, yet those do not always best model human vulnerability or biological systems, especially social systems. Here we used prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a monogamous and bi-parental rodent, leveraged for decades to decipher the underpinnings of social behaviors, to examine the impact of fetal FR exposure on gene targets in the mid-gestational placenta and fetal brain. We previously established gestational exposure to the commercial mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) impairs sociality, particularly in males. FM 550 exposure disrupted placental monoamine production, particularly serotonin, and genes required for axon guidance and cellular respiration in the fetal brains. Effects were dose and sex specific. These data provide insights on the mechanisms by which FRs impair neurodevelopment and later in life social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Genevieve St Armour
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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2
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Rokeby ACE, Natale BV, Natale DRC. Cannabinoids and the placenta: Receptors, signaling and outcomes. Placenta 2023; 135:51-61. [PMID: 36965349 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing. The improvement of pregnancy-related symptoms including morning sickness and management of mood and stress are among the most reported reasons for its use. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant cannabinoids found within the cannabis flower. The concentration of these components has drastically increased in the past 20 years. Additionally, many edibles contain only one cannabinoid and are marketed to achieve a specific goal, meaning there are an increasing number of pregnancies that are exposed to isolated cannabinoids. Both Δ9-THC and CBD cross the placenta and can impact the fetus directly, but the receptors through which cannabinoids act are also expressed throughout the placenta, suggesting that the effects of in-utero cannabinoid exposure may include indirect effects from the placenta. In-utero cannabis research focuses on short and long-term fetal health and development; however, these studies include little to no placenta analysis. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure is linked to small for gestational age and fetal growth-restricted babies. Compromised placental development is also associated with fetal growth restriction and the few studies (clinical and animal models) that included placental analysis, identify changes in placental vasculature and function in these cannabinoid-exposed pregnancies. In vitro studies further support cannabinoid impact on cell function in the different populations that comprise the placenta. In this article, we aim to summarize how phytocannabinoids can impact placental development and function. Specifically, the cannabinoids and their actions at the different receptors are described, with receptor localization throughout the human and murine placenta discussed. Findings from studies that included placental analysis and how cannabinoid signaling may modulate critical developmental processing including cell proliferation, angiogenesis and migration are described. Considering the current research, prenatal cannabinoid exposure may significantly impact placental development, and, as such, identifying windows of placental vulnerability for each cannabinoid will be critical to elucidate the etiology of fetal outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey C E Rokeby
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryony V Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David R C Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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3
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Dockx Y, Bijnens E, Saenen N, Aerts R, Aerts JM, Casas L, Delcloo A, Dendoncker N, Linard C, Plusquin M, Stas M, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Van Orshoven J, Somers B, Nawrot T. Residential green space in association with the methylation status in a CpG site within the promoter region of the placental serotonin receptor HTR2A. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1863-1874. [PMID: 35723001 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2088464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Green space could influence adult cognition and childhood neurodevelopment , and is hypothesized to be partly driven by epigenetic modifications. However, it remains unknown whether some of these associations are already evident during foetal development. Similar biological signals shape the developmental processes in the foetal brain and placenta.Therefore, we hypothesize that green space can modify epigenetic processes of cognition-related pathways in placental tissue, such as DNA-methylation of the serotonin receptor HTR2A. HTR2A-methylation was determined within 327 placentas from the ENVIRONAGE (ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGEing) birth cohort using bisulphite-PCR-pyrosequencing. Total green space exposure was calculated using high-resolution land cover data derived from the Green Map of Flanders in seven buffers (50 m-3 km) and stratified into low (<3 m) and high (≥3 m) vegetation. Residential nature was calculated using the Land use Map of Flanders. We performed multivariate regression models adjusted for several a priori chosen covariables. For an IQR increment in total green space within a 1,000 m, 2,000 m and 3,000 m buffer the methylation of HTR2A increased with 1.47% (95%CI:0.17;2.78), 1.52% (95%CI:0.21;2.83) and 1.42% (95%CI:0.15;2.69), respectively. Additionally,, we found 3.00% (95%CI:1.09;4.91) and 1.98% (95%CI:0.28;3.68) higher HTR2A-methylation when comparing residences with and without the presence of nature in a 50 m and 100 m buffer, respectively. The methylation status of HTR2A in placental tissue is positively associated with maternal green space exposure. Future research is needed to understand better how these epigenetic changes are related to functional modifications in the placenta and the consequent implications for foetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esmée Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nelly Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf Aerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Brussels, Belgium.,Division Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU LeuvenMeasure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Casas
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development (IMDO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andy Delcloo
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dendoncker
- Department of Geography, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Institute for Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Linard
- Department of Geography, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Institute for Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michiel Stas
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU LeuvenMeasure, Model & Manage Bioresponses (M3-BIORES), Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Jos Van Orshoven
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Maternal Metabolic State and Fetal Sex and Genotype Modulate Methylation of the Serotonin Receptor Type 2A Gene (HTR2A) in the Human Placenta. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020467. [PMID: 35203678 PMCID: PMC8962258 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin receptor 2A gene (HTR2A) is a strong candidate for the fetal programming of future behavior and metabolism. Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic and psychological problems in offspring. We tested the hypothesis that maternal metabolic status affects methylation of HTR2A in the placenta. The prospective study included 199 pairs of mothers and healthy full-term newborns. Genomic DNA was extracted from feto-placental samples and analyzed for genotypes of two polymorphisms (rs6311, rs6306) and methylation of four cytosine residues (−1665, −1439, −1421, −1224) in the HTR2A promoter region. Placental HTR2A promoter methylation was higher in male than female placentas and depended on both rs6311 and rs6306 genotypes. A higher maternal pre-gestational body mass index (pBMI) and, to a lesser extent, diagnosis of GDM were associated with reduced HTR2A promoter methylation in female but not male placentas. Higher pBMI was associated with reduced methylation both directly and indirectly through increased GDM incidence. Tobacco use during pregnancy was associated with reduced HTR2A promoter methylation in male but not female placentas. The obtained results suggest that HTR2A is a sexually dimorphic epigenetic target of intrauterine exposures. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the early developmental origins of neurobehavioral and metabolic disorders associated with altered HTR2A function.
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Tran YH, Huynh HK, Faas MM, de Vos S, Groen H. Antidepressant use during pregnancy and development of preeclampsia: A focus on classes of action and specific transporters/receptors targeted by antidepressants. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:92-101. [PMID: 34959164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between antidepressants and preeclampsia has been inconsistently reported. Given the compound-specific variable affinity for different transporters/receptors, their effect on preeclampsia risk could differ. Our study examined the risk of preeclampsia (and its subtypes) following exposure to different classes of antidepressants, also accounting for specific transporters/receptors targeted by antidepressants. METHODS We conducted a cohort study, combining data from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry and the PHARMO Database Network. Exposure to antidepressants was examined from conception to week 20 of gestation; extended use thereafter was also studied. Antidepressants were categorized according to classes [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and other antidepressants] and according to target transporters/receptors. Women not using any antidepressants during 15 months before delivery were included as reference. RESULTS We included 2,103 exposed and 95,376 reference women. Preeclampsia occurred in 70 exposed women (15 early-onset, 55 late-onset) and in 2,582 reference women (387 early-onset, 2,195 late-onset). TCA monotherapy (214 women) was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (n = 15, RR 2.46, 95% CI 1.51-4.02) and late-onset preeclampsia (n = 12, RR 2.41, 95% CI 1.39-4.17, early-onset could not be evaluated). No association was detected with SSRIs, SNRIs and MAOIs. We did observe an increased risk of early-onset preeclampsia following exposure to 5-HT2A antagonizing antidepressants (6/405 women, excluding TCA users, RR 3.56, 95% CI 1.60-7.94). CONCLUSIONS Our results support an increased risk of preeclampsia and the late-onset subtype among TCA users. The association between 5-HT2A antagonists and the early-onset subtype needs to be interpreted with caution based on the relatively small number of exposed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Tran
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
| | - Hieu K Huynh
- Department of Traumato-Orthopedics, European Hospital Georges Pompidou APHP, Paris, France; Department of International Relations, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, District 5, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn de Vos
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Perić M, Bečeheli I, Čičin-Šain L, Desoye G, Štefulj J. Serotonin system in the human placenta - the knowns and unknowns. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1061317. [PMID: 36531448 PMCID: PMC9751904 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1061317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic monoamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a chemical messenger widely distributed in the brain and various other organs. Its homeostasis is maintained by the coordinated activity of a variety of proteins, including enzymes of serotonin metabolism, transmembrane transporters of serotonin, and serotonin receptors. The serotonin system has been identified also in the placenta in rodent models as a key component of placental physiology. However, serotonin pathways in the human placenta are far from well understood. Their alterations may have long-lasting consequences for the fetus that can manifest later in life. In this review, we summarize information on the location of the components of the serotonin system in the human placenta, their regulation, function, and alterations in pathological pregnancies. We highlight current controversies and discuss important topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Perić
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bečeheli
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lipa Čičin-Šain
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Jasminka Štefulj,
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Influence of 5-HT 2A receptor function on anxiety-like behavior induced by a combination treatment with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3607-3614. [PMID: 34557945 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-like behavior induced by a combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide may be mediated by serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor hyperactivity. The anxiolytic effects of fluoxetine may be inhibited by this combination. The present study examined the mechanisms underlying anxiety-like behavior induced by the combination doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in rats. Anxiety-like behavior was induced during a light-dark test by the doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide treatment (once a week for 2 weeks). 5-HT2A receptor and 5-HT2A receptor-mediated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 levels were measured using Western blotting. 5-HT reuptake activity in fluoxetine-treated rats was also examined using microdialysis. ( ±)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, induced anxiety-like behavior. The fluoxetine treatment increased extracellular 5-HT concentrations in the hippocampus of vehicle- and doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-treated rats. 5-HT transporter levels in the hippocampus were not affected by chemotherapy. The doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide treatment did not alter 5-HT2A receptor levels in the frontal cortex. However, chemotherapy increased 5-HT2A receptor-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels significantly more than the vehicle treatment. The present results suggest that anxiety-like behavior induced by the combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide is mediated by 5-HT2A receptor hyperactivity without an increase in 5-HT2A receptor levels in rats.
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8
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Differential Serotonin Uptake Mechanisms at the Human Maternal-Fetal Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157807. [PMID: 34360573 PMCID: PMC8346107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays an extensive role during pregnancy in regulating both the placental physiology and embryonic/fetal development. The uptake of 5-HT into cells is central to the control of local concentrations of 5-HT near its molecular targets. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of 5-HT uptake into human primary placental cells and cord blood platelets, all isolated immediately after birth. Trophoblasts and cord blood platelets showed 5-HT uptake with similar Michaelis constant (Km) values (~0.6 μM), typical of the high-affinity serotonin transporter (SERT). The uptake of 5-HT into trophoblasts was efficiently inhibited by various SERT-targeting drugs. In contrast, the uptake of 5-HT into feto-placental endothelial cells was not inhibited by a SERT blocker and showed a Km value (~782 μM) in the low-affinity range. Consistent with this, SERT mRNAs were abundant in term trophoblasts but sparse in feto-placental endothelial cells, whereas the opposite was found for the low-affinity plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) mRNAs. Organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, 2, and 3 mRNAs were absent or sparse in both cell types. In summary, the results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of functional 5-HT uptake systems in feto-placental endothelial cells and fetal platelets, cells that are in direct contact with fetal blood plasma. The data also highlight the sensitivity to various psychotropic drugs of 5-HT transport into trophoblasts facing the maternal blood. The multiple, high-, and low-affinity systems present for the cellular uptake of 5-HT underscore the importance of 5-HT homeostasis at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Marin P, Bécamel C, Chaumont-Dubel S, Vandermoere F, Bockaert J, Claeysen S. Classification and signaling characteristics of 5-HT receptors: toward the concept of 5-HT receptosomes. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64125-0.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hudon Thibeault AA, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Serotonin-estrogen interactions: What can we learn from pregnancy? Biochimie 2019; 161:88-108. [PMID: 30946949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the scientific literature related to four diseases in which to serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the etiology, herein named 5-HT-linked diseases, and whose prevalence is influenced by estrogenic status: depression, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and eating disorders. These diseases all have in common a sex-dimorphic prevalence, with women more frequently affected than men. The co-occurrence between these 5-HT-linked diseases suggests that they have common physiopathological mechanisms. In most 5-HT-linked diseases (except for anorexia nervosa and irritable bowel syndrome), a decrease in the serotonergic tone is observed and estrogens are thought to contribute to the improvement of symptoms by stimulating the serotonergic system. Human pregnancy is characterized by a unique 5-HT and estrogen synthesis by the placenta. Pregnancy-specific disorders, such as hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia, are associated with a hyperserotonergic state and decreased estrogen levels. Fetal programming of 5-HT-linked diseases is a complex phenomenon that involves notably fetal-sex differences, which suggest the implication of sex steroids. From a mechanistic point of view, we hypothesize that estrogens regulate the serotonergic system, resulting in a protective effect against 5-HT-linked diseases, but that, in turn, 5-HT affects estrogen synthesis in an attempt to retrieve homeostasis. These two processes (5-HT and estrogen biosynthesis) are crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes, and thus, a disruption of this 5-HT-estrogen relationship may explain pregnancy-specific pathologies or pregnancy complications associated with 5-HT-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Murthi P, Vaillancourt C. RETRACTED: Placental serotonin systems in pregnancy metabolic complications associated with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165391. [PMID: 30738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
The publication was retracted by request of the authors following an investigation by Monash University performed following its Procedures for Investigating Code Breaches and in accordance with the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.
The University concluded on the balance of probability that a significant part of the text in the paper was included without knowledge, without consent and without correct attribution of the original author who, at the time, was a student at the University. The results discussed in the review article are still scientifically valid.
☆
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec and Biomed Research Center, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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12
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Shallie PD, Naicker T. The placenta as a window to the brain: A review on the role of placental markers in prenatal programming of neurodevelopment. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 73:41-49. [PMID: 30634053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During development, the placenta can be said to be the most important organ, however, the most poorly researched. There is currently a broader understanding of how specific insults during development affect the fetal brain, and also the importance of placental signaling in neurodevelopmental programming. Epigenetic responses to maternal and fetal signals are an obvious candidate for transforming early life inputs into long-term programmatic outcomes. As a mediator of maternal and environmental signals to the developing fetus, epigenetic processes within the placenta are particularly powerful such that alterations of placental gene expression, downstream function, and signalling during foetal development have the potential for dramatic changes in developmental programming. SUMMARY In this article, we reviewed emerging evidence for a placental role in prenatal neurodevelopmental programming with a specific focus on nutrient and prenatal stress signals integration into chromatin changes; this new understanding, we hope will provide the means for lowering developmentally based disorder risk, and new therapeutic targets for treatment in adulthood. KEY MESSAGES Based on this review, the placenta is a potent micro-environmental player in neurodevelopment as it orchestrates a series of complex maternal-foetal interactions. Maternal insults to this microenvironment will impair these processes and disrupt foetal brain development resulting in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings should inspire advance animal model and human research drive to appraise gene-environment impacts during pregnancy that will target the developmental cause of adult-onset mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philemon Dauda Shallie
- Optics and Imaging Centre, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson Mandela Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson Mandela Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Clabault H, Cohen M, Vaillancourt C, Sanderson JT. Effects of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in JEG-3 and HIPEC cell models of the extravillous trophoblast. Placenta 2018; 72-73:62-73. [PMID: 30501883 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between 2 and 10% of pregnant women are treated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depression. The extravillous trophoblasts (evTBs), which migrate and invade maternal tissues, are crucial for embryo implantation and remodeling of maternal spiral arteries. Poor migration/invasion of evTBs can cause serious pregnancy complications, yet the effects of SSRIs on these processes has never been studied. To determine the effects of five SSRIs (fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline and venlafaxine) on migration/invasion, we used JEG-3 and HIPEC cells as evTB models. METHODS Cells were treated with increasing concentrations (0.03-10 μM) of SSRIs. Cell proliferation was monitored using an impedance-based system and cell cycle by flow cytometry. Migration was determined using a scratch test, and metalloproteinase (MMP) activities, by zymography. Invasion markers were determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Fluoxetine and sertraline (10 μM) significantly decreased cell proliferation by 94% and by 100%, respectively, in JEG-3 cells, and by 58.6% and 100%, respectively, in HIPEC cells. Norfluoxetine increased MMP-9 activity in JEG-3 cells by 2.0% at 0.03 μM and by 43.9% at 3 μM, but decreased MMP-9 activity in HIPEC cells by 63.7% at 3 μM. Sertraline at 0.03 μM increased mRNA level of TIMP-1 in JEG-3 cells by 36% and that of ADAM-10 by 85% and 115% at 0.3 and 3 μM, respectively. In HIPEC cells, venlafaxine at 0.03 and 0.3 μM, increased ADAM-10 mRNA levels by 156% and 167%, respectively. DISCUSSION This study shows that SSRIs may affect evTBs homeostasis at therapeutic levels and provides guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Clabault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Dükel M, Tavsan Z, Erdogan D, Erkan Gök D, Ayar Kayali H. Protein kinase C Inhibitors selectively modulate dynamics of cell adhesion molecules and cell death in human colon cancer cells. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 13:83-97. [PMID: 30289336 PMCID: PMC6527378 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1530933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During development of colon cancer, Protein Kinase Cs (PKCs) are involved in regulation of many genes controlling several cellular mechanisms. Here, we examined the changes in cell adhesion molecules and PKCs for colorectal cancer progression. We identified that PKCs affected expression of EpCAM, claudins, tetraspanins. Treatment with low concentrations of PKC inhibitors resulted in decreased cell viability. In addition, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR analysis showed that apoptosis was inhibited while autophagy was induced by PKC inhibition in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, we observed decreased levels of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl, confirming the ROS-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results reveal that PKC signalling modulates not only cell adhesion dynamics but also cell death-related mechanisms. Abbreviations: PKC: Protein Kinase C; EpCAM: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; FBS: fetal bovine serum; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide); CAM: cell adhesion molecule; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Dükel
- a Moleculer Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Art and Science , Mehmet Akif Ersoy University , Burdur , Turkey.,b Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Zehra Tavsan
- b Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Duygu Erdogan
- c Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute , Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir , Turkey
| | | | - Hulya Ayar Kayali
- b Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center , Izmir , Turkey.,d Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Science Faculty , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
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Bousoik E, Montazeri Aliabadi H. "Do We Know Jack" About JAK? A Closer Look at JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2018; 8:287. [PMID: 30109213 PMCID: PMC6079274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) family of proteins have been identified as crucial proteins in signal transduction initiated by a wide range of membrane receptors. Among the proteins in this family JAK2 has been associated with important downstream proteins, including signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which in turn regulate the expression of a variety of proteins involved in induction or prevention of apoptosis. Therefore, the JAK/STAT signaling axis plays a major role in the proliferation and survival of different cancer cells, and may even be involved in resistance mechanisms against molecularly targeted drugs. Despite extensive research focused on the protein structure and mechanisms of activation of JAKs, and signal transduction through these proteins, their importance in cancer initiation and progression seem to be underestimated. This manuscript is an attempt to highlight the role of JAK proteins in cancer biology, the most recent developments in targeting JAKs, and the central role they play in intracellular cross-talks with other signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Bousoik
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Dèrna, Libya
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
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Kliman HJ, Quaratella SB, Setaro AC, Siegman EC, Subha ZT, Tal R, Milano KM, Steck TL. Pathway of Maternal Serotonin to the Human Embryo and Fetus. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1609-1629. [PMID: 29381782 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is essential to intrauterine development, but its source is debated. We used immunocytochemistry to gauge 5-HT, its biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1); an importer (serotonin transporter, 5-HTT/SERT/SLC6A); other transporters [P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp/ABCB1), OCT3/SLC22A3, and gap junction connexin-43]; and the 5-HT degradative enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in sections of placentas. In humans, 5-HT was faintly stained only in first-trimester trophoblasts, whereas TPH1 was not seen at any stage. SERT was expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and, more strongly, in cytotrophoblasts. MAOA was prominent in syncytiotrophoblasts, OCT3 and gap junctions were stained in cytotrophoblasts, and P-gp was present at the apical surfaces of both epithelia. 5-HT added to cultured placental explants accumulated in the trophoblast epithelium and reached the villus core vessels. Trophoblast uptake was blocked by the SERT inhibitor escitalopram. Inhibition of gap junctions with heptanol prevented the accumulation of 5-HT in cytotrophoblasts, whereas blocking OCT3 with decynium-22 and P-gp with mitotane led to its accumulation in cytotrophoblasts. Reducing 5-HT destruction by inhibiting MAOA with clorgyline increased the accumulation of 5-HT throughout the villus. In the mouse fetus, intravascular platelets stained prominently for 5-HT at day 13.5, whereas the placenta and yolk sac endoderm were both negative. TPH1 was not detected, but SERT was prominent in these mouse tissues. We conclude that serotonin is conveyed from the maternal blood stream through syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts and the villus core to the fetus through a physiological pathway that involves at least SERT, gap junctions, P-gp, OCT3, and MAOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristin M Milano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Laurent L, Deroy K, St-Pierre J, Côté F, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Human placenta expresses both peripheral and neuronal isoform of tryptophan hydroxylase. Biochimie 2017; 140:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Hudon Thibeault AA, Laurent L, Vo Duy S, Sauvé S, Caron P, Guillemette C, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine disrupt estrogen synthesis in a co-culture model of the feto-placental unit. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 442:32-39. [PMID: 27890559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fluoxetine, one of the most prescribed selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy, and its active metabolite norfluoxetine were studied on placental aromatase (CYP19) and feto-placental steroidogenesis. Fluoxetine did not alter estrogen secretion in co-culture of fetal-like adrenocortical (H295R) and trophoblast-like (BeWo) cells used as a model of the feto-placental unit, although it induced CYP19 activity, apparently mediated by the serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor/PKC signaling pathway. Norfluoxetine decreased estrogen secretion in the feto-placental co-culture and competitively inhibited catalytic CYP19 activity in BeWo cells. Decreased serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in the co-culture was comparable to 17β-estradiol treatment of BeWo cells. This work shows that the complex interaction of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine with placental estrogen production, involves 5-HT-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Considering the crucial role of estrogens during pregnancy, our results raise concern about the impact of SSRI treatment on placental function and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Laetitia Laurent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Patrick Caron
- Laboratoire de Pharmacogénomique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Local T3-48, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Laboratoire de Pharmacogénomique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Local T3-48, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; BioMed Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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19
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St-Pierre J, Laurent L, King S, Vaillancourt C. Effects of prenatal maternal stress on serotonin and fetal development. Placenta 2015; 48 Suppl 1:S66-S71. [PMID: 26691753 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetuses are exposed to many environmental perturbations that can influence their development. These factors can be easily identifiable such as drugs, chronic diseases or prenatal maternal stress. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the serotonin synthetized by the placenta was crucial for fetal brain development. Moreover, many studies show the involvement of serotonin system alteration in psychiatric disease during childhood and adulthood. This review summarizes existing studies showing that prenatal maternal stress, which induces alteration of serotonin systems (placenta and fetal brain) during a critical window of early development, could lead to alteration of fetal development and increase risks of psychiatric diseases later in life. This phenomenon, termed fetal programming, could be moderated by the sex of the fetus. This review highlights the need to better understand the modification of the maternal, placental and fetal serotonin systems induced by prenatal maternal stress in order to find early biomarkers of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and BioMed Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laetitia Laurent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and BioMed Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne King
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and BioMed Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.
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20
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Paquette AG, Marsit CJ. The developmental basis of epigenetic regulation of HTR2A and psychiatric outcomes. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2065-72. [PMID: 25043477 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin receptor 5-HT2A (encoded by HTR2A) is an important regulator of fetal brain development and adult cognitive function. Environmental signals that induce epigenetic changes of serotonin response genes, including HTR2A, have been implicated in adverse mental health outcomes. The objective of this perspective article is to address the medical implications of HTR2A epigenetic regulation, which has been associated with both infant neurobehavioral outcomes and adult mental health. Ongoing research has identified a region of the HTR2A promoter that has been associated with a number of medical outcomes in adults and infants, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, borderline personality disorder, suicidality, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Epigenetic regulation of HTR2A has been studied in several different types of tissues, including the placenta. The placenta is an important source of serotonin during fetal neurodevelopment, and placental epigenetic variation of HTR2A has been associated with infant neurobehavioral outcomes, which may represent the basis of adult mental health disorders. Further analysis is needed to identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate HTR2A methylation, and the mechanism by which this epigenetic variation influences fetal growth and leads to altered brain development, manifesting in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Paquette
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Maccani JZ, Maccani MA. Altered placental DNA methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking: current perspectives. ADVANCES IN GENOMICS AND GENETICS 2015; 2015:205-214. [PMID: 26203295 PMCID: PMC4507353 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s61518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis states that adverse early life exposures can have lasting, detrimental effects on lifelong health. Exposure to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality in offspring, including increased risks for miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, asthma, obesity, altered neurobehavior, and other conditions. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy interferes with placental growth and functioning, and it has been proposed that this may occur through the disruption of normal and necessary placental epigenetic patterns. Epigenome-wide association studies have identified a number of differentially methylated placental genes that are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, including RUNX3, PURA, GTF2H2, GCA, GPR135, and HKR1. The placental methylation status of RUNX3 and NR3C1 has also been linked to adverse infant outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, respectively. Candidate gene analyses have also found maternal smoking-associated placental methylation differences in the NR3C1, CYP1A1, HTR2A, and HSD11B2 genes, as well as in the repetitive elements LINE-1 and AluYb8. The differential methylation patterns of several genes have been confirmed to also exhibit altered gene expression patterns, including CYP1A1, CYP19A1, NR3C1, and HTR2A. Placental methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy may be largely gene-specific and tissue-specific and, to a lesser degree, involve global changes. It is important for future research to investigate the mechanistic roles that these differentially methylated genes may play in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and disease in later life, as well as to elucidate the potential influence of emerging tobacco product use during pregnancy, including the use of electronic cigarettes, on placental epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zj Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
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22
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Barbosa BF, Lopes-Maria JB, Gomes AO, Angeloni MB, Castro AS, Franco PS, Fermino ML, Roque-Barreira MC, Ietta F, Martins-Filho OA, Silva DAO, Mineo JR, Ferro EAV. IL10, TGF beta1, and IFN gamma modulate intracellular signaling pathways and cytokine production to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in BeWo trophoblast cells. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:82. [PMID: 25673564 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1), and interferon gamma (IFNG) are involved in the susceptibility of BeWo trophoblast cells to Toxoplasma gondii infection, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effector mechanisms triggered by these cytokines in the control of T. gondii in BeWo cells. For this purpose, infected/uninfected BeWo cells were treated with IL10, TGFB1 (50 ng/ml), and IFNG (20 or 100 ng/ml) in order to verify the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3, and Smad2, parasite intracellular proliferation, as well as the Th1/Th2/IL17A cytokine production. The treatment of BeWo cells with IL10 and TGFB1 favored T. gondii proliferation, and these findings were associated with STAT3 and Smad2 phosphorylation, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, these cytokine treatments were able to down-modulate TNF alpha (TNFA) and IL6 production (P < 0.05). Low concentration of IFNG was unable to control T. gondii infection but was able to trigger STAT1 phosphorylation and up-regulate IL6 and IL17A production; whereas a high concentration of IFNG was unable to activate STAT1 but down-modulated IL6 and TNFA and increased T. gondii proliferation (P < 0.05). IL10, TGFB1, and IFNG regulate a differential T. gondii proliferation in BeWo cells because they distinctly trigger intracellular signaling pathways and cytokine production, especially IL6 and TNFA. Our data open new windows to understand the mechanisms triggered by IL10, TGFB1, and IFNG at the maternal-fetal interface in the presence of T. gondii, contributing to recognizing the importance of these effector mechanisms involved in the vertical transmission of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janice Buiate Lopes-Maria
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bodini Angeloni
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva Castro
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marise Lopes Fermino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratory of Chagas Disease, René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deise Aparecida Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Paquette AG, Lesseur C, Armstrong DA, Koestler DC, Appleton AA, Lester BM, Marsit CJ. Placental HTR2A methylation is associated with infant neurobehavioral outcomes. Epigenetics 2013; 8:796-801. [PMID: 23880519 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin receptor, HTR2A, exhibits placental expression and function and can be controlled through DNA methylation. The relationship between methylation of HTR2A in the placenta and neurodevelopmental outcomes, evaluated using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS), was assessed in newborn infants (n = 444). HTR2A methylation was significantly higher in males and marginally higher in infants whose mothers reported tobacco use during pregnancy. Controlling for confounding variables, HTR2A methylation was negatively associated with infant quality of movement (p = 0.05) and positively associated with infant attention (p = 0.0001). These results suggest that methylation of the HTR2A gene can be biologically and environmentally modulated and is associated with key measures of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Paquette
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Dartmouth, NH USA
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Abstract
We previously reported that peripheral leptin infusions in chronically decrebrate rats, in which the forebrain is neurally isolated from the hindbrain, increased body fat and decreased energy expenditure. Any central leptin response in decerebrate rats would depend upon the hindbrain. Here, we tested whether selective activation of hindbrain leptin receptors increased body fat. Fourth ventricle infusion of 0.6 μg leptin/day for 12 days increased body fat by 13% with no increase in food intake. Third ventricle leptin infusions decreased food intake, body fat, and lean tissue with a maximal response at 0.3 μg leptin/day. To test whether hindbrain receptors opposed activity of hypothalamic receptors, rats received peripheral infusions of 40 μg leptin/day and increasing 4th ventricle doses of the leptin receptor antagonist mutein protein. Mutein (3.0 μg/day) reduced body fat in PBS-infused rats to the same level as leptin-infused rats and reduced lean tissue in all rats. Leptin, but not mutein, inhibited food intake. By contrast, 3.0 μg/day mutein in the 3rd ventricle increased food intake and body fat in both PBS- and leptin-infused rats. In basal conditions, hindbrain leptin receptors may antagonize activity of forebrain receptors to protect lean and fat tissue, but there is no evidence for an anabolic role for hindbrain receptors when leptin is elevated. In a dietary study, rats increased energy intake when offered lard and 30% sucrose solution in addition to chow. Peripheral leptin infusion exaggerated the gain in body fat without altering energy intake confirming the potential for leptin to increase adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B S Harris
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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25
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Amireault P, Sibon D, Côté F. Life without peripheral serotonin: insights from tryptophan hydroxylase 1 knockout mice reveal the existence of paracrine/autocrine serotonergic networks. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:64-71. [PMID: 23336045 DOI: 10.1021/cn300154j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its identification, 75 years ago, the monoamine serotonin (5-HT) has attracted considerable attention toward its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Yet, increasing evidence, from a growing number of research groups, substantiates the fact that 5-HT regulates important nonneuronal functions. Peripheral 5-HT, synthesized by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxyase (Tph) in intestinal cells, was assumed to be distributed throughout the entire body by blood platelets and to behave as a pleiotropic hormone. A decade ago, generation of a mouse model devoid of peripheral 5-HT lead to the discovery of a second isoform of the enzyme Tph and also suggested that 5-HT might act as a local regulator in various organs. The objective of this review is to highlight the newly discovered functions played by the monoamine using the Tph1 KO murine model and to outline current findings that led to the discovery of complete serotonergic systems in unexpected organs. Within an organ, both the presence of local Tph enzymatic activity and serotonergic components are of particular importance as they support the view that 5-HT meets the criteria to be qualified as a monoamine with a paracrine/autocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Amireault
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147, Hôpital
Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’excellence GR-Ex
| | - David Sibon
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147, Hôpital
Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’excellence GR-Ex
| | - Francine Côté
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147, Hôpital
Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’excellence GR-Ex
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