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Gou R, Zhang X. Glycolysis: A fork in the path of normal and pathological pregnancy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23263. [PMID: 37889786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is vital to the survival of living organisms. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s, glycolysis has become a major research area in the field of metabolism. Glycolysis has been extensively studied in the field of cancer and is considered as a promising therapeutic target. However, research on the role of glycolysis in pregnancy is limited. Recent evidence suggests that blastocysts, trophoblasts, decidua, and tumors all acquire metabolic energy at specific stages in a highly similar manner. Glycolysis, carefully controlled throughout pregnancy, maintains a dynamic and coordinated state, so as to maintain the homeostasis of the maternal-fetal interface and ensure normal gestation. In the present review, we investigate metabolic remodeling and the selective propensity of the embryo and placenta for glycolysis. We then address dysregulated glycolysis that occurs in the cellular interactive network at the maternal-fetal interface in miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. We provide new insights into the field of maternal-fetal medicine from a metabolic perspective, thus revealing the mystery of human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Liang L, Yang Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Xu S, Liu Y, Wu X, Chao L. HIF-1α is positively associated with endometrial receptivity by regulating PKM2. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2734-2745. [PMID: 37533344 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous advancements have been introduced into the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the past four decades. Nonetheless, implantation failure is still a key limiting step for a successful pregnancy. Building of endometrial receptivity (ER) is essential for successful implantation. However, the fundamental biological processes and mechanisms of ER remain elusive. Our study investigates the function of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) during ER establishment and shed lights on the novel molecular mechanism by which HIF-1α regulates ER-related gene expression network. METHODS Levels of HIF-1α, homeobox A10 (HOXA10), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in endometrial tissues were measured via real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between HIF-1α and HOXA10, IGFBP1, PKM2, LDHA were analyzed separately. Ishikawa cells were treated with vector HIF-1α, HIF-1α-siRNA, and PKM2-siRNA. After transfection, the levels of HOXA10, IGFBP1, LDHA, and PKM2 were measured via real-time PCR and immunoblotting, and the lactate concentrations and cell migration of Ishikawa cells were measured. RESULTS Levels of HIF-1α, IGFBP1, HOXA10, LDHA, and PKM2 were significantly decreased in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients and levels of HOXA10, IGFBP1, PKM2, and LDHA were correlated with HIF-1α in endometrium. Then in a cellular model established by HIF-1α vector and HIF-1α-siRNA, the expression of HOXA10, IGFBP1, LDHA, PKM2, and lactate concentrations were dramatically upregulated and downregulated. And the expression of HOXA10, and IGFBP1 were dramatically decreased by PKM2-siRNA. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α plays a crucial role in the building of ER through regulating glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Suming Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Norton C, Clarke D, Holmstrom J, Stirland I, Reynolds PR, Jenkins TG, Arroyo JA. Altered Epigenetic Profiles in the Placenta of Preeclamptic and Intrauterine Growth Restriction Patients. Cells 2023; 12:1130. [PMID: 37190039 PMCID: PMC10136447 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are placental pathologies known to complicate pregnancy and cause neonatal disorders. To date, there is a limited number of studies on the genetic similarity of these conditions. DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic process that can regulate placental development. Our objective was to identify methylation patterns in placental DNA from normal, PE and IUGR-affected pregnancies. DNA was extracted, and bisulfite was converted, prior to being hybridized for the methylation array. Methylation data were SWAN normalized and differently methylated regions were identified using applications within the USEQ program. UCSC's Genome browser and Stanford's GREAT analysis were used to identify gene promoters. The commonality among affected genes was confirmed by Western blot. We observed nine significantly hypomethylated regions, two being significantly hypomethylated for both PE and IGUR. Western blot confirmed differential protein expression of commonly regulated genes. We conclude that despite the uniqueness of methylation profiles for PE and IUGR, the similarity of some methylation alterations in pathologies could explain the clinical similarities observed with these obstetric complications. These results also provide insight into the genetic similarity between PE and IUGR and suggest possible gene candidates plausibly involved in the onset of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Tsai KY, Tullis B, Breithaupt KL, Fowers R, Jones N, Grajeda S, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. A Role for RAGE in DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) Detected in Pathological Placentas and Trophoblast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040857. [PMID: 33918759 PMCID: PMC8069300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired DNA damage responses are associated with several diseases, including pregnancy complications. Recent research identified an ATM-kinase dependent function for the nuclear isoform of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) during double strand break (DSB)-repair. RAGE contributes to end-resectioning of broken DNA sites by binding with the MRE11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex. Placental research is limited regarding the impact of genomic instability and the mechanism for potential repair. We tested the hypothesis regarding the involvement of RAGE during the repair of placental DNA-DSBs. We first identified that the pregnancy complications of PE and preterm labor (PTL) experience loss of genomic integrity and an in vitro trophoblast cell model was used to characterize trophoblast DSBs. Colocalized immunofluorescence of γ-H2AX and RAGE support the potential involvement of RAGE in cellular responses to DNA-DSBs. Immunoblotting for both molecules in PE and PTL placenta samples and in trophoblast cells validated a connection. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed interactions between RAGE and pATM and MRE11 during DNA-DSBs. Reduced cellular invasion confirmed the role of genomic instability in trophoblastic function. Collectively, these experiments identified genomic instability in pregnancy complications, the impact of defective DNA on trophoblast function, and a possible RAGE-mediated mechanism during DNA-DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-422-3221; Fax: +1-801-422-0700
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Tsai K, Tullis B, Jensen T, Graff T, Reynolds P, Arroyo J. Differential expression of mTOR related molecules in the placenta from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia patients. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100503. [PMID: 33826986 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is involved in the function and growth of the placenta during pregnancy. The mTOR pathway responds to nutrient availability and growth factors that regulate protein expression and cell growth. Disrupted mTOR signaling is associated with the development of several obstetric complications. The purpose of this study was to identify the differential placental expression of various mTOR-associated proteins in the placenta during normal gestation (Control), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE). Immunohistochemistry localized activated proteins (phospho; p) mTOR, pp70, p4EBP1, pAKT and pERK. Real-time PCR array was performed to show differing placental expression of additional mTOR-associated genes. Western blot was performed for pAMPK protein. We observed: 1) increased pmTOR during GDM and decreased pmTOR during IUGR and PE, 2) increased pp70 during IUGR and decreased pp70 during GDM and PE, 3) increased p4EBP1 during GDM, IUGR, and PE, 4) increased pAKT during GDM, 5) increased pERK during IUGR, 6) differential placental expression of mTOR pathway associated genes and increased pAMPK during GDM and PE. We conclude that regulation of the mTOR pathway is uniquely involved in the development of these obstetric complications. Insights into this pathway may provide avenues that if modify may help alleviate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kary Tsai
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Benton Tullis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Tyler Jensen
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Taylor Graff
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Paul Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA.
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Regulation of trophoblast cell invasion by Pyruvate Kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2). Placenta 2020; 103:24-32. [PMID: 33070034 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (PKM2) protein is a metabolic enzyme that regulates the final step of glycolysis. This enzyme is present in highly proliferating cells and is expressed in the placenta. We recently demonstrated upregulated placental PKM2 during human intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Our current objective was to determine PKM2 regulation of trophoblast invasion, trophoblast PKM2 localization as well as mTOR protein expression, and to determine effects of activation of PKM2 during IUGR. Human placental tissues were obtained and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Trophoblast cells were cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions and real time cell invasion and PKM2 protein were determined during activation (Fructose-6-bisphosphate; FBP6) or inhibition (Shikonin) of PKM2. In vivo studies determined the effects of PKM2 activation on placental and fetal weights. IUGR samples had elevated levels of p-PKM2. Different trophoblast PKM2 localization and expression was observed during normoxia and hypoxia. Decreased trophoblast invasion and PKM2 expression was observed during mTOR inhibition. Protection from decreased placental and fetal weights was observed by PKM2 activation. We conclude that PKM2 regulates trophoblast cell invasion depending on its subcellular location. Our results suggest that PKM2 regulation in trophoblast cells is more directly affected during hypoxia and its expression is regulated by mTOR activity. Additionally, we conclude that activation of PKM2 could reverse and/or rescue the deceased placental and fetal weights observed during IUGR. These results suggest that PKM2 could be a mediator of trophoblast cell invasion and its abundance influences the development of complicated pregnancies like IUGR.
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Elbæk Madsen K, Mariager CØ, Duvald CS, Hansen ESS, Bertelsen LB, Pedersen M, Pedersen LH, Uldbjerg N, Laustsen C. Ex Vivo Human Placenta Perfusion, Metabolic and Functional Imaging for Obstetric Research-A Feasibility Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:333-338. [PMID: 31893231 PMCID: PMC6935991 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Placenta metabolism is closely linked to pregnancy outcome, and few modalities are currently available for studying the human placenta. Here, we aimed to investigate a novel ex vivo human placenta perfusion system for metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The metabolic effects of 3 different human placentas were investigated using functional and metabolic magnetic resonance imaging. The placenta glucose metabolism and hemodynamics were characterized with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging and by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate showed a decrease in the 13C-lactate/13C-pyruvate ratio from the highest to the lowest metabolic active placenta. The metabolic profile was complemented by a more homogenous distributed hemodynamic response, with a longer mean transit time and higher blood volume. This study shows different placenta metabolic and hemodynamic features associated with the placenta functional status using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance ex vivo. This study supports further studies using ex vivo metabolic imaging of the placenta alterations associated with pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Elbæk Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR-Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Christina S Duvald
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR-Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Comparative Medicine Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR-Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Pan J, Tian X, Huang H, Zhong N. Proteomic Study of Fetal Membrane: Inflammation-Triggered Proteolysis of Extracellular Matrix May Present a Pathogenic Pathway for Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Front Physiol 2020; 11:800. [PMID: 32792973 PMCID: PMC7386131 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), which predominantly presents as spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL) or prelabor premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), is a syndrome that accounts for 5-10% of live births annually. The long-term morbidity in surviving preterm infants is significantly higher than that in full-term neonates. The causes of sPTB are complex and not fully understood. Human placenta, the maternal and fetal interface, is an environmental core of fetal intrauterine life, mediates fetal oxygen exchange, nutrient uptake, and waste elimination and functions as an immune-defense organ. In this study, the molecular signature of preterm birth placenta was assessed and compared to full-term placenta by proteomic profiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of fetal membranes (the amniochorionic membranes), with five cases in each group in the discovery study and 30 cases in each group for validation, were included: groups A: sPTL; B: PPROM; C: full-term birth (FTB); and D: full-term premature rupture of membrane (PROM). Fetal membranes were dissected and used for proteome quantification study. Maxquant and Perseus were used for protein quantitation and statistical analysis. Both fetal membranes and placental villi samples were used to validate proteomic discovery. RESULTS Proteomics analysis of fetal membranes identified 2,800 proteins across four groups. Sixty-two proteins show statistical differences between the preterm and full-term groups. Among these differentially expressed proteins are (1) proteins involved in inflammation (HPGD), T cell activation (PTPRC), macrophage activation (CAPG, CD14, and CD163), (2) cell adhesion (ICAM and ITGAM), (3) proteolysis (CTSG, ELANE, and MMP9), (4) antioxidant (MPO), (5) extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (APMAP, COL4A1, LAMA2, LMNB1, LMNB2, FBLN2, and CSRP1) and (6) metabolism of glycolysis (PKM and ADPGK), fatty acid synthesis (ACOX1 and ACSL3), and energy biosynthesis (ATP6AP1 and CYBB). CONCLUSION Our molecular signature study of preterm fetal membranes revealed inflammation as a major event, which is inconsistent with previous findings. Proteolysis may play an important role in fetal membrane rupture. Extracellular matrix s have been altered in preterm fetal membranes due to proteolysis. Metabolism was also altered in preterm fetal membranes. The molecular changes in the fetal membranes provided a significant molecular signature for PPROM in preterm syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Honglei Huang
- Proteomic Core Facility, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
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Wilson SL, Leavey K, Cox BJ, Robinson WP. Mining DNA methylation alterations towards a classification of placental pathologies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:135-146. [PMID: 29092053 PMCID: PMC5886226 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental health is a key component to a successful pregnancy. Placental insufficiency (PI), inadequate nutrient delivery to the fetus, is associated with preeclampsia (PE), a maternal hypertensive disorder, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), pathologically poor fetal growth. PI is more common in early-onset PE (EOPE) than late-onset PE (LOPE). However, the relationship between these disorders remains unclear. While DNA methylation (DNAm) alterations have been identified in PE and IUGR, these entities can overlap and few studies have analysed them separately. This study aims to utilize DNAm profiling to better understand the underlying placental variation associated with PE and IUGR. Placental samples from a discovery (43 controls, 22 EOPE, 18 LOPE, 11 IUGR) and validation cohort (15 controls, 22 EOPE, 11 LOPE) were evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. To account for gestational age (GA) effects, EOPE samples were compared with pre-term births of varying etiologies (GA <37 weeks). LOPE and IUGR were compared with term controls (GA >37 weeks). While 1703 sites were differentially methylated (DM) (FDR < 0.05, Δβ > 0.1) in EOPE, few changes were associated with LOPE (N = 5), or IUGR (N = 0). Of the 1703 EOPE sites, 599 validated in the second cohort. Using these 599 sites, both cohorts clustered into three distinct groups. Interestingly, LOPE samples diagnosed between 34 and 36 weeks with co-occurring IUGR clustered with the EOPE. DNAm profiling may provide an independent tool to refine clinical/pathological diagnoses into subgroups with more uniform pathology. Despite large changes observed in EOPE, there were challenges in reproducing genome-wide DNAm hits that are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Wilson
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Katherine Leavey
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brian J Cox
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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Luyten LJ, Saenen ND, Janssen BG, Vrijens K, Plusquin M, Roels HA, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Nawrot TS. Air pollution and the fetal origin of disease: A systematic review of the molecular signatures of air pollution exposure in human placenta. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:310-323. [PMID: 29908461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal development is a crucial window of susceptibility in which exposure-related alterations can be induced on the molecular level, leading to potential changes in metabolism and development. The placenta serves as a gatekeeper between mother and fetus, and is in contact with environmental stressors throughout pregnancy. This makes the placenta as a temporary organ an informative non-invasive matrix suitable to investigate omics-related aberrations in association with in utero exposures such as ambient air pollution. OBJECTIVES To summarize and discuss the current evidence and define the gaps of knowledge concerning human placental -omics markers in association with prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution. METHODS Two investigators independently searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases to identify all studies published until January 2017 with an emphasis on epidemiological research on prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and the effect on placental -omics signatures. RESULTS From the initial 386 articles, 25 were retained following an a priori set inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified eleven studies on the genome, two on the transcriptome, five on the epigenome, five on the proteome category, one study with both genomic and proteomic topics, and one study with both genomic and transcriptomic topics. Six studies discussed the triple relationship between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy, the associated placental -omics marker(s), and the potential effect on disease development later in life. So far, no metabolomic or exposomic data discussing associations between the placenta and prenatal exposure to air pollution have been published. CONCLUSIONS Integration of placental biomarkers in an environmental epidemiological context enables researchers to address fundamental questions essential in unraveling the fetal origin of disease and helps to better define the pregnancy exposome of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen J Luyten
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Harry A Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Leuven University (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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McNally R, Alqudah A, Obradovic D, McClements L. Elucidating the Pathogenesis of Pre-eclampsia Using In Vitro Models of Spiral Uterine Artery Remodelling. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:93. [PMID: 29063290 PMCID: PMC5653699 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the study is to perform a critical assessment of in vitro models of pre-eclampsia using complementary human and cell line-based studies. Molecular mechanisms involved in spiral uterine artery (SUA) remodelling and trophoblast functionality will also be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS A number of proteins and microRNAs have been implicated as key in SUA remodelling, which could be explored as early biomarkers or therapeutic targets for prevention of pre-eclampsia. Various 2D and 3D in vitro models involving trophoblast cells, endothelial cells, immune cells and placental tissue were discussed to elucidate the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Nevertheless, pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial disease, and the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are complex and still largely unknown. Further studies are required to provide better understanding of the key processes leading to inappropriate placental development which is the root cause of pre-eclampsia. This new knowledge could identify novel biomarkers and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McNally
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Danilo Obradovic
- Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11,000, Serbia
| | - Lana McClements
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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12
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Lewis JB, Mejia C, Jordan C, Monson TD, Bodine JS, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Lewis AL, Wright TJ, Ogden KC, Broberg DS, Hall PD, Nelson SM, Hirschi KM, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) protects from secondhand smoke (SHS)-induced intrauterine growth restriction IUGR in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:513-521. [PMID: 28948356 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a disease affecting 10% of all pregnancies. IUGR is associated with maternal, fetal, or placental abnormalities. Studies investigating the effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and IUGR are limited. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pro-inflammatory transmembrane receptor increased by SHS in the placenta. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of RAGE during SHS exposure protects from smoke-induced IUGR. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to SHS or SHS + semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs) known to inhibit RAGE signaling. Trophoblast cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with or without SAGEs in order to address the effects of RAGE inhibition during trophoblast invasion in vitro. SHS-treated mice demonstrated a significant reduction in fetal weight (7.35-fold, P ≤ 0.0001) and placental weight (1.13-fold, P ≤ 0.0001) compared with controls. Mice co-treated with SHS and SAGEs were protected from SHS-induced fetal weights decreases. SHS treatment of C57BL/6 mice activated placental extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (3.0-fold, P ≤ 0.05), JNK (2.4-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and p38 (2.1-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and the expression of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α (1.34-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and IL-1β (1.03-fold, P ≤ 0.05). SHS-mediated activation of these molecules was reduced to basal levels when SAGE was co-administered. Invasion of trophoblast cells decreased 92% (P < 0.002) when treated with CSE and CSE-mediated invasion was completely reversed by SAGEs. We conclude that RAGE inhibition protects against fetal weight loss during SHS-induced IUGR. These studies provide insight into tobacco-mediated IUGR development and clarify avenues that may be helpful in the alleviation of placental complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Camilo Mejia
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Clinton Jordan
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jared S Bodine
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Adam L Lewis
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Tanner J Wright
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - K Connor Ogden
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Parker D Hall
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Shawn M Nelson
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kelsey M Hirschi
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placental Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3052 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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13
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Deyssenroth MA, Peng S, Hao K, Lambertini L, Marsit CJ, Chen J. Whole-transcriptome analysis delineates the human placenta gene network and its associations with fetal growth. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:520. [PMID: 28693416 PMCID: PMC5502484 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is the principal organ regulating intrauterine growth and development, performing critical functions on behalf of the developing fetus. The delineation of functional networks and pathways driving placental processes has the potential to provide key insight into intrauterine perturbations that result in adverse birth as well as later life health outcomes. RESULTS We generated the transcriptome-wide profile of 200 term human placenta using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and characterized the functional placental gene network using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). We identified 17 placental coexpression network modules that were dominated by functional processes including growth, organ development, gas exchange and immune response. Five network modules, enriched for processes including cellular respiration, amino acid transport, hormone signaling, histone modifications and gene expression, were associated with birth weight; hub genes of all five modules (CREB3, DDX3X, DNAJC14, GRHL1 and C21orf91) were significantly associated with fetal growth restriction, and one hub gene (CREB3) was additionally associated with fetal overgrowth. CONCLUSIONS In this largest RNA-Seq based transcriptome-wide profiling study of human term placenta conducted to date, we delineated a placental gene network with functional relevance to fetal growth using a network-based approach with superior scale reduction capacity. Our study findings not only implicate potential molecular mechanisms underlying fetal growth but also provide a reference placenta gene network to inform future studies investigating placental dysfunction as a route to future disease endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A. Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
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14
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Piechowski J. Hypothesis about Transdifferentiation As Backbone of Malignancy. Front Oncol 2017; 7:126. [PMID: 28674676 PMCID: PMC5474902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is mainly watched through the prism of random mutations and related corruption of signaling pathways. However, it would seem puzzling to explain the tumor organization, pugnacity and steady evolution of the tumorous disease and, moreover, a systematic ascendancy over the healthy tissues, only through stochastic genomic alterations. Malignancy specific properties Considering the core characteristics of cancer cells, it appears that two major sets of properties are emerging, corresponding to well-identified physiological phenotypes, i.e., (1) the trophoblastic logistical functions for cell survival, protection, expansion, migration, and host-tissue conditioning for angiogenesis and immune tolerance and (2) the sexual functions for genome maintenance. To explain the resurgence of these trophoblastic and sexual phenotypes, a particular cell reprogramming, to be called “malignant transdifferentiation” in view of its key role in the precancer-to-cancer shift, appears to be a convincing hypothesis. Perspectives The concept of malignant transdifferentiation, in addition to oncogenic mutations, would determine a more rational approach of oncogenesis and would open so far unexplored ways of therapeutic actions. Indeed, the trophoblastic phenotype would be a good candidate for therapeutic purposes because, on the one hand, it covers numerous properties that all are vital for the tumor, and on the other hand, it can be targeted with potentially no risk of affecting the healthy tissues as it is not expressed there after birth.
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15
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Mikkelsen E, Lauridsen H, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Nørlinger T, Andersen MD, Uldbjerg N, Laustsen C, Sandager P, Pedersen M. The chinchilla as a novel animal model of pregnancy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:161098. [PMID: 28484627 PMCID: PMC5414264 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.161098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several parameters are important when choosing the most appropriate animal to model human obstetrics, including gestation period, number of fetuses per gestation and placental structure. The domesticated long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) is a well-suited and appropriate animal model of pregnancy that often will carry only one offspring and has a long gestation period of 105-115 days. Furthermore, the chinchilla placenta is of the haemomonochorial labyrinthine type and is therefore comparable to the human villous haemomonochorial placenta. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility in laboratory settings, and demonstrated the potential of the pregnant chinchilla as an animal model for obstetric research and its potential usefulness for non-invasive measurements in the placenta. We demonstrate measurements of the placental and fetal metabolism (demonstrated in vivo by hyperpolarized MRI and in vitro by qPCR analyses), placental vessels (demonstrated ex vivo by contrast-enhanced CT angiography) and overall anatomy (demonstrated in vivo by whole-body CT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeli Mikkelsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nørlinger
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Maria Dahl Andersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Puk Sandager
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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16
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Piechowski J. Trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation: A key to oncogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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17
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Costa MA. Scrutinising the regulators of syncytialization and their expression in pregnancy-related conditions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:180-93. [PMID: 26586208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is important for the success of gestation and foetal development. In fact, this specialized pregnancy organ is essential for foetal nourishment, support, and protection. In the placenta, there are different cell populations, including four subtypes of trophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts fuse and differentiate into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (syncytialization). Syncytialization is a hallmark of placentation and is highly regulated by numerous molecules with distinct roles. Placentas from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction or trisomy 21 have been associated with a defective syncytialization and an altered expression of its modulators. This work proposes to review the molecules that promote or inhibit both fusion and biochemical differentiation of cytotrophoblasts. Moreover, it will also analyse the syncytialization modulators abnormally expressed in pathological placentas, highlighting the molecules that may contribute to the aetiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Costa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Kimball R, Wayment M, Merrill D, Wahlquist T, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Hypoxia reduces placental mTOR activation in a hypoxia-induced model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12651. [PMID: 26660559 PMCID: PMC4760431 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein that regulates cell growth in response to altered nutrient and growth factor availability. Our objective was to assess activated mTOR and its intracellular intermediates p70, and 4EBP1 in placental and invasive trophoblast cells in a hypoxia‐induced model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in rats. Rats were treated with hypoxia (9%) for 4 days. Placental and fetal weights, as well as conceptus numbers were recorded at the time of necropsy. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the level of trophoblast invasion and apoptosis. Western blots were used to determine the activation of mTOR, p70, and 4EBP1 in the placenta and the uterine mesometrial compartment. We observed (1) decreased placental (21%) and fetal (24%) weights (P < 0.05); (2) decreased trophoblast invasion; (3) significantly increased active 4EBP1 (28%; P < 0.05) in invasive trophoblast cells yet no changes in the activation of mTOR and p70 proteins; and (4) a significant decrease in the activation of mTOR (48%; P < 0.05) with no differences in p70 or 4EBP1 activation in the placenta. We conclude that the development of IUGR is correlated with decreased activation of the mTOR protein in the placenta and increased 4EBP1 activity in the invading trophoblast. These results provide important insight into the physiological relevance of these pathways. Furthermore, modification of these and other related targets during gestation may alleviate IUGR severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kimball
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, , Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Montana Wayment
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, , Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Daniel Merrill
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, , Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Tyler Wahlquist
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, , Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, , Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, , Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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19
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Friesen-Waldner LJ, Sinclair KJ, Wade TP, Michael B, Chen AP, de Vrijer B, Regnault TRH, McKenzie CA. Hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate MRI for noninvasive examination of placental metabolism and nutrient transport: A feasibility study in pregnant guinea pigs. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:750-5. [PMID: 26227963 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the feasibility of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for noninvasive examination of guinea pig fetoplacental metabolism and nutrient transport. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven pregnant guinea pigs with a total of 30 placentae and fetuses were anesthetized and scanned at 3T. T1 -weighted (1) H images were obtained from the maternal abdomen. An 80 mM solution of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate (hereafter referred to as pyruvate) was injected into a vein in the maternal foot. Time-resolved 3D (13) C images were acquired starting 10 seconds after the beginning of bolus injection and every 10 seconds after to 50 seconds. The pregnant guinea pigs were recovered after imaging. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the maternal heart and each placenta and fetal liver in all slices in the (1) H images. These ROIs were copied to the (13) C images and were used to calculate the sum of the pyruvate and lactate signal intensities for each organ. The signal intensities were normalized by the volume of the organ and the maximum signal in the maternal heart. RESULTS No adverse events were observed in the pregnant guinea pigs and natural pupping occurred at term (∼68 days). Pyruvate signal was observed in all 30 placentae, and lactate, a by-product of pyruvate metabolism, was also observed in all placentae. The maximum pyruvate and lactate signals in placentae occurred at 20 seconds. In addition to the observation of pyruvate and lactate signals in the placentae, both pyruvate and lactate signals were observed in all fetal livers. The maximum pyruvate and lactate signals in the fetal livers occurred at 10 seconds and 20 seconds, respectively. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate MRI to noninvasively examine fetoplacental metabolism and transport of pyruvate in guinea pigs. Hyperpolarized (13) C MRI may provide a novel method for longitudinal studies of fetoplacental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin J Sinclair
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor P Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Banoub Michael
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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