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Baumgartner C, Yadav AK, Chefetz I. AMPK-like proteins and their function in female reproduction and gynecologic cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:245-270. [PMID: 36858738 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine-threonine kinase (STK11), also known as liver kinase B1 (LKB1), is a regulator of cellular homeostasis through regulating the cellular ATP-to-ADP ratio. LKB1 is classified as a tumor suppressor and functions as the key activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a family of serine-threonine kinases called AMPK-like proteins. These proteins include novel (nua) kinase family 1 (NUAK1 and 2), salt inducible kinase (SIK1), QIK (known as SIK2), QSK (known as SIK3 kinase), and maternal embryonic leuzine zipper kinase (MELK) on tightly controlled and specific residual sites. LKB1 also regulates brain selective kinases 1 and 2 (BRSK1 and 2), additional members of AMPK-like protein family, which functions are probably less studied. AMPK-like proteins play a role in variety of reproductive physiology functions such as follicular maturation, menopause, embryogenesis, oocyte maturation, and preimplantation development. In addition, dysfunctional activity of AMPK-like proteins contributes to apoptosis blockade in cancer cells and induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition required for metastasis. Dysregulation of these proteins occurs in ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. AMPK-like proteins are still undergoing further classification and may represent novel targets for targeted gynecologic cancer therapies. In this chapter, we describe the AMPK-like family of proteins and their roles in reproductive physiology and gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Ilana Chefetz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Shankar K, Ali SA, Ruebel ML, Jessani S, Borengasser SJ, Gilley SP, Jambal P, Yazza DN, Weaver N, Kemp JF, Westcott JL, Hendricks AE, Saleem S, Goldenberg RL, Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Maternal nutritional status modifies heat-associated growth restriction in women with chronic malnutrition. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgac309. [PMID: 36744021 PMCID: PMC9896899 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid changes in the global climate are deepening existing health disparities from resource scarcity and malnutrition. Rising ambient temperatures represent an imminent risk to pregnant women and infants. Both maternal malnutrition and heat stress during pregnancy contribute to poor fetal growth, the leading cause of diminished child development in low-resource settings. However, studies explicitly examining interactions between these two important environmental factors are lacking. We leveraged maternal and neonatal anthropometry data from a randomized controlled trial focused on improving preconception maternal nutrition (Women First Preconception Nutrition trial) conducted in Thatta, Pakistan, where both nutritional deficits and heat stress are prevalent. Multiple linear regression of ambient temperature and neonatal anthropometry at birth (n = 459) showed a negative association between daily maximal temperatures in the first trimester and Z-scores of birth length and head circumference. Placental mRNA-sequencing and protein analysis showed transcriptomic changes in protein translation, ribosomal proteins, and mTORC1 signaling components in term placenta exposed to excessive heat in the first trimester. Targeted metabolomic analysis indicated ambient temperature associated alterations in maternal circulation with decreases in choline concentrations. Notably, negative impacts of heat on birth length were in part mitigated in women randomized to comprehensive maternal nutritional supplementation before pregnancy suggesting potential interactions between heat stress and nutritional status of the mother. Collectively, the findings bridge critical gaps in our current understanding of how maternal nutrition may provide resilience against adverse effects of heat stress in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | | | - Sarah J Borengasser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie P Gilley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Puujee Jambal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deaunabah N Yazza
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas Weaver
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Jennifer F Kemp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jamie L Westcott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Audrey E Hendricks
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | | | - Robert L Goldenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - K Michael Hambidge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Hahn L, Meister S, Mannewitz M, Beyer S, Corradini S, Hasbargen U, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Kolben T, Burges A. Gal-2 Increases H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in Trophoblasts and Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050707. [PMID: 35625634 PMCID: PMC9139023 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy disorder with a pathophysiology not yet completely understood and without curative therapy. The histone modifications H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, as well as galectin-2 (Gal-2), are known to be decreased in PE. To gain a better understanding of the development of PE, the influence of Gal-2 on histone modification in trophoblasts and in syncytialisation was investigated. Immunohistochemical stains of 13 PE and 13 control placentas were correlated, followed by cell culture experiments. An analysis of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac was conducted, as well as cell fusion staining with E-cadherin and β-catenin—both after incubation with Gal-2. The expression of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac correlated significantly with the expression of Gal-2. Furthermore, we detected an increase in H3K4me3 and H3K9ac after the addition of Gal-2 to BeWo/HVT cells. Moreover, there was increased fusion of HVT cells after incubation with Gal-2. Gal-2 is associated with the histone modifications H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in trophoblasts. Furthermore, syncytialisation increased after incubation with Gal-2. Therefore, we postulate that Gal-2 stimulates syncytialisation, possibly mediated by H3K4me3 and H3K9ac. Since Gal-2, as well as H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, are decreased in PE, the induction of Gal-2 might be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hahn
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-440073800
| | - Sarah Meister
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Mareike Mannewitz
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Uwe Hasbargen
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obsterics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81337 Munich, Germany; (S.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (U.H.); (S.M.); (U.J.); (T.K.); (A.B.)
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Choudhury J, Pandey D, Chaturvedi PK, Gupta S. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a trophoblast perspective. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6572349. [PMID: 35451485 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes alter expression of genes at both pre- and post-transcriptional levels without changing their DNA sequence. Accumulating evidence suggests that such changes can modify cellular behaviour and characteristics required during development and in response to various extracellular stimuli. Trophoblast cells develop from the outermost trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst and undergo many phenotypic changes as the placenta develops. One such phenotypic change is differentiation of the epithelial natured cytotrophoblasts into the mesenchymal natured extravillous trophoblasts. The extravillous trophoblasts are primarily responsible for invading into the maternal decidua and thus establishing connection with the maternal spiral arteries. Any dysregulation of this process can have adverse effects on the pregnancy outcome. Hence, tight regulation of this epithelial-mesenchymal transition is critical for successful pregnancy. This review summarizes the recent research on the epigenetic regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurring in the trophoblast cells during placental development. The functional significance of chemical modifications of DNA and histone, which regulate transcription, as well as non-coding RNAs, which control gene expression post-transcriptionally, is discussed in relation to trophoblast biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmoy Choudhury
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Deepak Pandey
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-, 110029, India
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Kaminker JD, Timoshenko AV. Expression, Regulation, and Functions of the Galectin-16 Gene in Human Cells and Tissues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1909. [PMID: 34944551 PMCID: PMC8699332 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins comprise a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins, which regulate a variety of key biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, survival, and death. This paper aims to address the current knowledge on the unique properties, regulation, and expression of the galectin-16 gene (LGALS16) in human cells and tissues. To date, there are limited studies on this galectin, with most focusing on its tissue specificity to the placenta. Here, we report the expression and 8-Br-cAMP-induced upregulation of LGALS16 in two placental cell lines (BeWo and JEG-3) in the context of trophoblastic differentiation. In addition, we provide the results of a bioinformatics search for LGALS16 using datasets available at GEO, Human Protein Atlas, and prediction tools for relevant transcription factors and miRNAs. Our findings indicate that LGALS16 is detected by microarrays in diverse human cells/tissues and alters expression in association with cancer, diabetes, and brain diseases. Molecular mechanisms of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LGALS16 are also discussed based on the available bioinformatics resources.
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Meister S, Kellner I, Beyer S, Corradini S, Schulz C, Rogenhofer N, Keilmann L, Kolben TM, Mahner S, Kessler M, Jeschke U, Kolben T. Epigenetic changes occur in placentas of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103466. [PMID: 34929495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to genetic abnormalities which are well known to be responsible for around 50 % of human miscarriages, there is very few data about epigenetic alterations in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages (SM, RM). The aim of this study was to analyze the histone modification marks H3K9ac and H3K4me3 in SM and RM. METHODS The abundance of histone modifications H3K4me3/H3K9ac was analyzed by western blot in frozen abortion material of SM and RM compared to a control group of legal pregnancy terminations. Further, to characterize placental tissue cells expressing H3K4me3/H3K9ac immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence was performed in 20 SM, 19 RM and 26 controls. RESULTS The western blot data showed a tendency to an overall reduction of H3K4me3/H3K9ac, in the placental tissue of particularly SM. Further we differentiated between syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and decidual cells and found a significant decrease of H3K4me3 in SM in cytotrophoblast cells and syncytial stroma. In RM H3K4me3 was downregulated exclusively in the syncytiotrophoblast. H3K9ac was reduced in SM and RM in all evaluated compartments, except from the syncytiotrophoblast. CONCLUSION Our study showed an overall reduced histone modification of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in the placental tissue of SM. Concerning RM, particularly the reduction of H3K9ac was detected in the placental tissue, indicating that RM group has distinct profile in epigenetic regulation. Whether these histone modifications are part of a possible pathophysiologic cascade during SM and RM or are merely indicating a defective placentation, cannot be concluded from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabel Kellner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Rogenhofer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Keilmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Maria Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Brito A, Merle C, Lagarde P, Faustin B, Devin A, Lartigue L, Chibon F. Cell fusion enhances energy metabolism of mesenchymal tumor hybrid cells to sustain their proliferation and invasion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:863. [PMID: 34320948 PMCID: PMC8317390 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-to-cell fusion is emerging as a key element of the metastatic process in various cancer types. We recently showed that hybrids made from the spontaneous merging of pre-malignant (IMR90 E6E7, i.e. E6E7) and malignant (IMR90 E6E7 RST, i.e. RST) mesenchymal cells recapitulate the main features of human undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), with a highly rearranged genome and increased spreading capacities. To better characterize the intrinsic properties of these hybrids, we investigated here their metabolic energy profile compared to their parents. RESULTS Our results unveiled that hybrids harbored a Warburg-like metabolism, like their RST counterparts. However, hybrids displayed a much greater metabolic activity, enhancing glycolysis to proliferate. Interestingly, modifying the metabolic environmental conditions through the use of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of the 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), specifically reduced the growth of hybrids, and also abrogated the invasive capacity of hybrids displaying enhanced glycolysis. Furthermore, AICAR efficiently blocked the tumoral features related to the aggressiveness of human UPS cell lines. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings strongly suggest that hybrids rely on higher energy flux to proliferate and that a drug altering this metabolic equilibrium could impair their survival and be potentially considered as a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Brito
- Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, 31037, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse 3, Paul Sabatier, 118 route Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Candice Merle
- Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, 31037, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse 3, Paul Sabatier, 118 route Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Lagarde
- INSERM U1218, 299 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biopathology, Bergonie Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Faustin
- CNRS UMR 5164, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anne Devin
- CNRS UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, F-33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM U1218, 299 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Chibon
- Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, 31037, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM U1218, 299 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.
- Department of Biopathology, Bergonie Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.
- Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Régaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
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Jaremek A, Jeyarajah MJ, Jaju Bhattad G, Renaud SJ. Omics Approaches to Study Formation and Function of Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674162. [PMID: 34211975 PMCID: PMC8240757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development of the placenta is vital for pregnancy success. The placenta regulates exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal blood and produces hormones essential to maintain pregnancy. The placental cell lineage primarily responsible for performing these functions is a multinucleated entity called syncytiotrophoblast. Syncytiotrophoblast is continuously replenished throughout pregnancy by fusion of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts. Dysregulated syncytiotrophoblast formation disrupts the integrity of the placental exchange surface, which can be detrimental to maternal and fetal health. Moreover, various factors produced by syncytiotrophoblast enter into maternal circulation, where they profoundly impact maternal physiology and are promising diagnostic indicators of pregnancy health. Despite the multifunctional importance of syncytiotrophoblast for pregnancy success, there is still much to learn about how its formation is regulated in normal and diseased states. ‘Omics’ approaches are gaining traction in many fields to provide a more holistic perspective of cell, tissue, and organ function. Herein, we review human syncytiotrophoblast development and current model systems used for its study, discuss how ‘omics’ strategies have been used to provide multidimensional insights into its formation and function, and highlight limitations of current platforms as well as consider future avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jaremek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gargi Jaju Bhattad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Yong HEJ, Chan SY. Current approaches and developments in transcript profiling of the human placenta. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 26:799-840. [PMID: 33043357 PMCID: PMC7600289 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is the active interface between mother and foetus, bearing the molecular marks of rapid development and exposures in utero. The placenta is routinely discarded at delivery, providing a valuable resource to explore maternal-offspring health and disease in pregnancy. Genome-wide profiling of the human placental transcriptome provides an unbiased approach to study normal maternal–placental–foetal physiology and pathologies. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To date, many studies have examined the human placental transcriptome, but often within a narrow focus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of human placental transcriptome studies, encompassing those from the cellular to tissue levels and contextualize current findings from a broader perspective. We have consolidated studies into overarching themes, summarized key research findings and addressed important considerations in study design, as a means to promote wider data sharing and support larger meta-analysis of already available data and greater collaboration between researchers in order to fully capitalize on the potential of transcript profiling in future studies. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database, National Center for Biotechnology Information and European Bioinformatics Institute dataset repositories were searched, to identify all relevant human studies using ‘placenta’, ‘decidua’, ‘trophoblast’, ‘transcriptome’, ‘microarray’ and ‘RNA sequencing’ as search terms until May 2019. Additional studies were found from bibliographies of identified studies. OUTCOMES The 179 identified studies were classifiable into four broad themes: healthy placental development, pregnancy complications, exposures during pregnancy and in vitro placental cultures. The median sample size was 13 (interquartile range 8–29). Transcriptome studies prior to 2015 were predominantly performed using microarrays, while RNA sequencing became the preferred choice in more recent studies. Development of fluidics technology, combined with RNA sequencing, has enabled transcript profiles to be generated of single cells throughout pregnancy, in contrast to previous studies relying on isolated cells. There are several key study aspects, such as sample selection criteria, sample processing and data analysis methods that may represent pitfalls and limitations, which need to be carefully considered as they influence interpretation of findings and conclusions. Furthermore, several areas of growing importance, such as maternal mental health and maternal obesity are understudied and the profiling of placentas from these conditions should be prioritized. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Integrative analysis of placental transcriptomics with other ‘omics’ (methylome, proteome and metabolome) and linkage with future outcomes from longitudinal studies is crucial in enhancing knowledge of healthy placental development and function, and in enabling the underlying causal mechanisms of pregnancy complications to be identified. Such understanding could help in predicting risk of future adversity and in designing interventions that can improve the health outcomes of both mothers and their offspring. Wider collaboration and sharing of placental transcriptome data, overcoming the challenges in obtaining sufficient numbers of quality samples with well-defined clinical characteristics, and dedication of resources to understudied areas of pregnancy will undoubtedly help drive the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Jacques S, Gascoin G, Méhats C, Vaiman D, Miralles F. Urothelial Cancer Associated 1 (UCA1) and miR-193 Are Two Non-coding RNAs Involved in Trophoblast Fusion and Placental Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633937. [PMID: 34055770 PMCID: PMC8155540 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioinformatics screen for non-coding genes was performed from microarrays analyzing on the one hand trophoblast fusion in the BeWo cell model, and on the other hand, placental diseases (preeclampsia and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction). Intersecting the deregulated genes allowed to identify two miRNA (mir193b and miR365a) and one long non-coding RNA (UCA1) that are pivotal for trophoblast fusion, and deregulated in placental diseases. We show that miR-193b is a hub for the down-regulation of 135 cell targets mainly involved in cell cycle progression and energy usage/nutrient transport. UCA1 was explored by siRNA knock-down in the BeWo cell model. We show that its down-regulation is associated with the deregulation of important trophoblast physiology genes, involved in differentiation, proliferation, oxidative stress, vacuolization, membrane repair and endocrine production. Overall, UCA1 knockdown leads to an incomplete gene expression profile modification of trophoblast cells when they are induced to fuse into syncytiotrophoblast. Then we performed the same type of analysis in cells overexpressing one of the two major isoforms of the STOX1 transcription factor, STOX1A and STOX1B (associated previously to impaired trophoblast fusion). We could show that when STOX1B is abundant, the effects of UCA1 down-regulation on forskolin response are alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Gascoin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Réanimation et Médecine Néonatales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
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11
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Meister S, Hahn L, Beyer S, Kuhn C, Jegen M, von Schönfeldt V, Corradini S, Schulz C, Kolben TM, Hester A, Appelt T, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Kolben T. Epigenetic modification via H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in human placenta is reduced in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103287. [PMID: 33662848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND Alterations of DNA accessibility and chromatin structure are associated with diseases. We aimed to investigate epigenetic modifications in preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-associated hypertonic disease. Specifically, we addressed histone modification proteins H3K9ac (acetylated lysine 9 of the histone H3) and H3K4me3 (trimethylated lysine 4 of the histone H3) in PE. METHODS We analyzed expression of histone proteins H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in 32 PE and 32 control placentas by immunohistochemistry. Further, we carried out confirmatory western blot analysis of respective proteins in 6 representative placentas. We then applied regression models with additional adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Expression of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac is reduced in PE placentas as demonstrated by immunohistochemical stainings and western blot. There are no differences between female and male fetuses in the presence of these histone modifications. H3K4me3 positively correlated with maternal age (r = 0.444, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Expression of the placental histone proteins H3K4me3 and H3K9ac is reduced in PE, and independent of fetal gender. Our study underlines the involvement of epigenetic changes in the placenta of women suffering from PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Laura Hahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Jegen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Germany.
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Theresa Maria Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anna Hester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tamara Appelt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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12
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Azar C, Valentine MC, Trausch‐Azar J, Rois L, Mahjoub M, Nelson DM, Schwartz AL. RNA-Seq identifies genes whose proteins are upregulated during syncytia development in murine C2C12 myoblasts and human BeWo trophoblasts. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14671. [PMID: 33403800 PMCID: PMC7786548 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast is critical for the essential functions of the mammalian placenta. Using RNA-Seq gene expression, quantitative protein expression, and siRNA knockdown we identified genes and their cognate proteins which are similarly upregulated in two cellular models of mammalian syncytia development (human BeWo cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast and murine C2C12 myoblast to myotube). These include DYSF, PDE4DIP, SPIRE2, NDRG1, PLEC, GPR146, HSPB8, DHCR7, and HDAC5. These findings provide avenues for further understanding of the mechanisms underlying mammalian placental syncytiotrophoblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Azar
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Mark C. Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Julie Trausch‐Azar
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Lisa Rois
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Moe Mahjoub
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - D. Michael Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Alan L. Schwartz
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
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13
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Ullah R, Naz A, Akram HS, Ullah Z, Tariq M, Mithani A, Faisal A. Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and novel exons during mouse trophoblast stem cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:342. [PMID: 32762732 PMCID: PMC7409654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) to trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) has been widely used as a model system to study placental development and function. While several differentially expressed genes, including regulators of TSC differentiation, have been identified, a comprehensive analysis of the global expression of genes and splice variants in the two cell types has not been reported. RESULTS Here, we report ~ 7800 differentially expressed genes in TGCs compared to TSCs which include regulators of the cell cycle, apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell mobility, embryo implantation, metabolism, and various signaling pathways. We show that several mitotic proteins, including Aurora A kinase, were downregulated in TGCs and that the activity of Aurora A kinase is required for the maintenance of TSCs. We also identify hitherto undiscovered, cell-type specific alternative splicing events in 31 genes in the two cell types. Finally, we also report 19 novel exons in 12 genes which are expressed in both TSCs and TGCs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results uncover several potential regulators of TSC differentiation and TGC function, thereby providing a valuable resource for developmental and molecular biologists interested in the study of stem cell differentiation and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Sara Akram
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Mithani
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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14
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Msheik H, El Hayek S, Bari MF, Azar J, Abou-Kheir W, Kobeissy F, Vatish M, Daoud G. Transcriptomic profiling of trophoblast fusion using BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:811-824. [PMID: 31778538 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In human placenta, alteration in trophoblast differentiation has a major impact on placental maintenance and integrity. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control cytotrophoblast fusion. The BeWo cell line is used to study placental function, since it forms syncytium and secretes hormones after treatment with cAMP or forskolin. In contrast, the JEG-3 cell line fails to undergo substantial fusion. Therefore, BeWo and JEG-3 cells were used to identify a set of genes responsible for trophoblast fusion. Cells were treated with forskolin for 48 h to induce fusion. RNA was extracted, hybridised to Affymetrix HuGene ST1.0 arrays and analysed using system biology. Trophoblast differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis. Moreover, some of the identified genes were validated by real-time PCR and their functional capacity was demonstrated by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies and CRISPR/cas9 knockdown experiments. Our results identified a list of 32 altered genes in fused BeWo cells compared to JEG-3 cells after forskolin treatment. Among these genes, four were validated by RT-PCR, including salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene which is specifically upregulated in BeWo cells upon fusion and activated after 2 min with forskolin. Moreover, silencing of SIK1 completely abolished the fusion. Finally, SIK1 was shown to be at the center of many biological and functional processes, suggesting that it might play a role in trophoblast differentiation. In conclusion, this study identified new target genes implicated in trophoblast fusion. More studies are required to investigate the role of these genes in some placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - S El Hayek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Furqan Bari
- Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - J Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - W Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - F Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - G Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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15
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Ducat A, Couderc B, Bouter A, Biquard L, Aouache R, Passet B, Doridot L, Cohen MB, Ribaux P, Apicella C, Gaillard I, Palfray S, Chen Y, Vargas A, Julé A, Frelin L, Cocquet J, San Martin CR, Jacques S, Busato F, Tost J, Méhats C, Laissue P, Vilotte JL, Miralles F, Vaiman D. Molecular Mechanisms of Trophoblast Dysfunction Mediated by Imbalance between STOX1 Isoforms. iScience 2020; 23:101086. [PMID: 32371375 PMCID: PMC7200942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STOX1 is a transcription factor involved in preeclampsia and Alzheimer disease. We show that the knock-down of the gene induces rather mild effect on gene expression in trophoblast cell lines (BeWo). We identified binding sites of STOX1 shared by the two major isoforms, STOX1A and STOX1B. Profiling gene expression of cells overexpressing either STOX1A or STOX1B, we identified genes downregulated by both isoforms, with a STOX1 binding site in their promoters. Among those, STOX1-induced Annexin A1 downregulation led to abolished membrane repair in BeWo cells. By contrast, overexpression of STOX1A or B has opposite effects on trophoblast fusion (acceleration and inhibition, respectively) accompanied by syncytin genes deregulation. Also, STOX1A overexpression led to abnormal regulation of oxidative and nitrosative stress. In sum, our work shows that STOX1 isoform imbalance is a cause of gene expression deregulation in the trophoblast, possibly leading to placental dysfunction and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Ducat
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Betty Couderc
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Anthony Bouter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Louise Biquard
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Rajaa Aouache
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1313-GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Marie-Benoîte Cohen
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Ribaux
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Irène Gaillard
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sophia Palfray
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Yulian Chen
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Alexandra Vargas
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Amélie Julé
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Léo Frelin
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Julie Cocquet
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Camino Ruano San Martin
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Florence Busato
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat àl'Energie Atomique, Evry 91057, France
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat àl'Energie Atomique, Evry 91057, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Paul Laissue
- Biopas Laboratoires, BIOPAS GROUP, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1313-GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016, INSERM, UMR 8504 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
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16
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Williams AE, Watt J, Robertson LW, Gadupudi G, Osborn ML, Soares MJ, Iqbal K, Pedersen KB, Shankar K, Littleton S, Maimone C, Eti NA, Suva LJ, Ronis MJJ. Skeletal Toxicity of Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener 126 in the Rat Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent. Toxicol Sci 2020; 175:113-125. [PMID: 32119087 PMCID: PMC7197949 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to skeletal toxicity, however mechanisms whereby PCBs affect bone are poorly studied. In this study, coplanar PCB 126 (5 μmol/kg) or corn oil vehicle was administered to N = 5 and 6 male and female, wild type (WT) or AhR -/- rats via intraperitoneal injection. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Bone length was measured; bone morphology was assessed by microcomputed tomography and dynamic histomorphometry. Reduced bone length was the only genotype-specific effect and only observed in males (p < .05). WT rats exposed to PCB 126 had reduced serum calcium, and smaller bones with reduced tibial length, cortical area, and medullary area relative to vehicle controls (p < .05). Reduced bone formation rate observed in dynamic histomorphometry was consistent with inhibition of endosteal and periosteal bone growth. The effects of PCB 126 were abolished in AhR -/- rats. Gene expression in bone marrow and shaft were assessed by RNA sequencing. Approximately 75% of the PCB-regulated genes appeared AhR dependent with 89 genes significantly (p < .05) regulated by both PCB 126 and knockout of the AhR gene. Novel targets significantly induced by PCB 126 included Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf/Ccn2), which regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in the bone growth plate and cell-matrix interactions. These data suggest the toxic effects of PCB 126 on bone are mediated by AhR, which has direct effects on the growth plate and indirect actions related to endocrine disruption. These studies clarify important mechanisms underlying skeletal toxicity of dioxin-like PCBs and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gopi Gadupudi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michele L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shana Littleton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Cole Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Nazmin A Eti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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17
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Meister S, Kolben T, Beyer S, Hutter S, Hofmann S, Kuhn C, Messner J, Mayr D, Solano ME, Jegen M, Obermeier V, Mahner S, Arck P, Jeschke U. Sex-specific epigenetic gene activation profiles are differentially modulated in human placentas affected by intrauterine growth restriction. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 139:103124. [PMID: 32289580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex specific expression of histone protein modifications responsible for rapid gene expression in IUGR placentas. PATIENTS AND METHODS We screened for fetal sex-specific expression of the histone proteins H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in 23 IUGR and 40 control placentas via immunohistochemistry. The trophoblast-like cell line BeWo was used in order to analyze a potential effect of stimulation with prednisolone on H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in vitro. Calculating regression models with additional adjustment for potential confounders were used. RESULTS A significantly decreased level of H3K4me3 was detectable in female syncytiotrophoblasts, whereas H3K9ac was reduced predominantly in male extravillous throphoblast (EVT). No association to the gestational age existed. CONCLUSION Our data showed a reduced expression of the histone proteins H3K4me3 (female) and H3K9ac (male) in IUGR, furthermore elevated cortisol levels may lead to a sex-specific down-regulation of histone proteins in IUGR placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meister
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kolben
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Beyer
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hutter
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Messner
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- LMU Munich, Department of Pathology, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- University of Hamburg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Jegen
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Obermeier
- LMU Munich, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haydnstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Petra Arck
- University of Hamburg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- LMU Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Chen JR, Zhao H, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Shankar K. Maternal regulation of SATB2 in osteo-progeniters impairs skeletal development in offspring. FASEB J 2019; 34:2511-2523. [PMID: 31908011 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901901r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status during intrauterine and/or early postnatal life has substantial influence on adult offspring health. Along these lines, there is a growing body of evidence illustrating that high fat diet (HFD)-induced maternal obesity can regulate fetal bone development. Thus, we investigated the effects of maternal obesity on both fetal skeletal development and mechanisms linking maternal obesity to osteoblast differentiation in offspring. Embryonic osteogenic calvarial cells (EOCCs) were isolated from fetuses at gestational day 18.5 (E18.5) of HFD-induced obese rat dams. We observed impaired differentiation of EOCCs to mature osteoblasts from HFD obese dams. ChIP-seq-based genome-wide localization of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 (mediated via the polycomb histone methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste homologue 2 [Ezh2]) showed that this phenotype was associated with increased enrichment of H3K27me3 on the gene of SATB2, a critical transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of Ezh2 in EOCCs and ST2 cells increased SATB2 expression; while Ezh2 overexpression in EOCCs and ST2 cells decreased SATB2 expression. These data were consistent with experimental results showing strong association between H3K27me3, Ezh2, and SATB2 in cells from rats and humans. We have further presented that SATB2 mRNA and protein expression were increased in bones, and increased trabecular bone mass from pre-osteoblast specific Ezh2 deletion (Ezh2flox/flox Osx-Cre+ cko) mice compared with those from control Cre+ mice. These findings indicate that maternal HFD-induced obesity may be associated with decreasing fetal pre-osteoblastic cell differentiation, under epigenetic control of SATB2 expression via Ezh2-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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19
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Kwak YT, Muralimanoharan S, Gogate AA, Mendelson CR. Human Trophoblast Differentiation Is Associated With Profound Gene Regulatory and Epigenetic Changes. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2189-2203. [PMID: 31294776 PMCID: PMC6821221 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defective placental implantation and vascularization with accompanying hypoxia contribute to preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying differentiation of proliferative cytotrophoblasts (CytTs) to multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) are incompletely defined. The SynT performs key functions in nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and protection of the fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of midgestation human trophoblasts before CytT and after SynT differentiation in primary culture to analyze changes in binding of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and of active and repressive histone marks during SynT differentiation. Our findings reveal that increased Pol II binding to promoters of a subset of genes during trophoblast differentiation was closely correlated with active histone marks. This gene set was enriched in those controlling immune response and immune modulation, including interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat and placenta-specific glycoprotein gene family members. By contrast, genes downregulated during SynT differentiation included proinflammatory transcription factors ERG1, cFOS, and cJUN, as well as members of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor subfamily, NUR77, NURR1, and NOR1. Downregulation of proinflammatory transcription factors upon SynT differentiation was associated with decreased promoter enrichment of endogenous H3K27Ac and H3K9Ac and enhanced binding of H3K9me3 and histone deacetylase 1. However, promoter enrichment of H3K27me3 was low in both CytT and SynT and was not altered with changes in gene expression. These findings provide important insight into mechanisms underlying human trophoblast differentiation and may identify therapeutic targets for placental disorders, such as PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aishwarya A Gogate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Correspondence: Carole R. Mendelson, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390. E-mail:
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20
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Méhats C, Miralles F, Vaiman D. The Role of Epigenetics in Placental Development and the Etiology of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112837. [PMID: 31212604 PMCID: PMC6600551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively present the function of epigenetic regulations in normal placental development as well as in a prominent disease of placental origin, preeclampsia (PE). We describe current progress concerning the impact of DNA methylation, non-coding RNA (with a special emphasis on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA)) and more marginally histone post-translational modifications, in the processes leading to normal and abnormal placental function. We also explore the potential use of epigenetic marks circulating in the maternal blood flow as putative biomarkers able to prognosticate the onset of PE, as well as classifying it according to its severity. The correlation between epigenetic marks and impacts on gene expression is systematically evaluated for the different epigenetic marks analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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21
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Han K, Ren R, Cao J, Zhao S, Yu M. Genome-Wide Identification of Histone Modifications Involved in Placental Development in Pigs. Front Genet 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 30984246 PMCID: PMC6449610 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of placental folds is a critical event affecting placental function in pigs because it can increase surface area for improvement in capillary density as gestation advances. However, the molecular mechanisms of the event are not well defined. Histone modifications have important roles in gene regulation. To investigate their effects on regulation of genes controlling porcine placental development, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq of porcine placental tissues from gestational days 50 (establishment stage of placental folds) and 95 (expanding stage of placental folds) were carried out in this study. The differentially expressed genes were identified and of which the down- and up-regulated genes are related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and angiogenesis, respectively. In addition, we mapped the genome-wide profiles of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), which are associated with transcriptional activation. A number of differential modification regions between the 2 gestational stages were identified and majority of them are those with increased signals of H3K4me3 (14,576 out of 16,931). Furthermore, we observed that the increase of H3K4me3 is significantly correlated with the elevated expression levels of the neighboring genes, and notably, these genes were enriched in pathways related to blood vessel formation and microvascular permeability. Taken together, the findings suggest important roles of histone modifications on placental remolding in response to developmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruimin Ren
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Cao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Hepp P, Hutter S, Knabl J, Hofmann S, Kuhn C, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation is downregulated in GDM Placentas and Calcitriol supplementation enhanced this effect. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124061. [PMID: 30558244 PMCID: PMC6321349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ever-rising incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and its implications for long-term health of mothers and offspring, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. To contribute to this, the present study's objectives are to conduct a sex-specific analysis of active histone modifications in placentas affected by GDM and to investigate the effect of calcitriol on trophoblast cell's transcriptional status. The expression of Histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) was evaluated in 40 control and 40 GDM (20 male and 20 female each) placentas using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo and primary human villous trophoblast cells were treated with calcitriol (48 h). Thereafter, western blots were used to quantify concentrations of H3K9ac and the transcription factor FOXO1. H3K9ac expression was downregulated in GDM placentas, while H3K4me3 expression was not significantly different. Cell culture experiments showed a slight downregulation of H3K9ac after calcitriol stimulation at the highest concentration. FOXO1 expression showed a dose-dependent increase. Our data supports previous research suggesting that epigenetic dysregulations play a key role in gestational diabetes mellitus. Insufficient transcriptional activity may be part of its pathophysiology and this cannot be rescued by calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hepp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Knabl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics, Klinik Hallerwiese, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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23
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Sevane N, Martínez R, Bruford MW. Genome-wide differential DNA methylation in tropically adapted Creole cattle and their Iberian ancestors. Anim Genet 2018; 50:15-26. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Sevane
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3AX UK
| | - R. Martínez
- Corporación Colombiana De Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica); Centro de Investigaciones Tibaitatá; km 14 via Bogotá 250047 Mosquera Colombia
| | - M. W. Bruford
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3AX UK
- Sustainable Places Research Institute; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3BA UK
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24
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Kallol S, Moser-Haessig R, Ontsouka CE, Albrecht C. Comparative expression patterns of selected membrane transporters in differentiated BeWo and human primary trophoblast cells. Placenta 2018; 72-73:48-52. [PMID: 30501881 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although placental membrane transporters have an important impact on materno-fetal nutrient transfer, placental cell models are poorly characterized regarding transporter expression. We assessed the mRNA expression of 26 physiologically important solute carriers and ABC transporters in BeWo (b30 clone) and primary human trophoblast cells (PHT) before and after syncytialization. 77% of the transporters showed similar mRNA expression changes between BeWo and PHT after syncytialization. Selected transporters, however, were either lacking in BeWo or showed different trends after syncytialization. In conclusion, BeWo cells generally represent an apt model for transporter studies, but their suitability should be confirmed for each transporter by comparison with PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Kallol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Corneille Edgar Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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25
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Genome-wide identification of enhancer elements in the placenta. Placenta 2018; 79:72-77. [PMID: 30268337 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Normal placental development is essential for a healthy pregnancy, and is contingent upon tight spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. One level of transcriptional control is via enhancer elements in the genome. Enhancers are distal cis-regulatory elements that can impact gene expression regardless of their position or orientation. The study of enhancers in the placenta is usually focused on one or two at a time, and the simultaneous identification of all enhancers has been limited. However, such a holistic approach is necessary if we are to gain a systems-level understanding of gene expression regulation in the placenta. Here, we review current methods for genome-scale enhancer identification, as well as studies that have applied those techniques in the placenta, with the aim of guiding future research.
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26
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CDK1 inhibition facilitates formation of syncytiotrophoblasts and expression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin. Placenta 2018; 66:57-64. [PMID: 29884303 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human placental syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells play essential roles in embryo implantation and nutrient exchange between the mother and the fetus. STBs are polyploid which are formed by fusion of diploid cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells. Abnormality in STBs formation can result in pregnancy-related disorders. While a number of genes have been associated with CTB fusion the initial events that trigger cell fusion are not well understood. Primary objective of this study was to enhance our understanding about the molecular mechanism of placental cell fusion. METHODS FACS and microscopic analysis was used to optimize Forskolin-induced fusion of BeWo cells (surrogate of CTBs) and subsequently, changes in the expression of different cell cycle regulator genes were analyzed through Western blotting and qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the first trimester placental tissue sections to validate the results in the context of placental tissue. Effect of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor, RO3306, on BeWo cell fusion was studied by microscopy and FACS, and by monitoring the expression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) by Western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS The data showed that the placental cell fusion was associated with down regulation of CDK1 and its associated cyclin B, and significant decrease in DNA replication. Moreover, inhibition of CDK1 by an exogenous inhibitor induced placental cell fusion and expression of hCG. CONCLUSION Here, we report that the placental cell fusion can be induced by inhibiting CDK1. This study has a high therapeutic significance to manage pregnancy related abnormalities.
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27
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RNA-Seq identifies genes whose proteins are transformative in the differentiation of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast, in human primary villous and BeWo trophoblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5142. [PMID: 29572450 PMCID: PMC5865118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast is critical for the essential functions of the mammalian placenta. Using RNA-Seq gene expression and quantitative protein expression, we identified genes and their cognate proteins which are coordinately up- or down-regulated in two cellular models of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast development, human primary villous and human BeWo cytotrophoblasts. These include hCGβ, TREML2, PAM, CRIP2, INHA, FLRG, SERPINF1, C17orf96, KRT17 and SAA1. These findings provide avenues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying mammalian placental synctiotrophoblast development.
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Jasmer B, Muschol-Steinmetz C, Kreis NN, Friemel A, Kielland-Kaisen U, Brüggmann D, Jennewein L, Allert R, Solbach C, Yuan J, Louwen F. Involvement of the oncogene B-cell lymphoma 6 in the fusion and differentiation process of trophoblastic cells of the placenta. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108643-108654. [PMID: 29312557 PMCID: PMC5752470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogene B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is associated with lymphomagenesis. Intriguingly, its expression is increased in preeclamptic placentas. Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Preeclamptic placentas are characterized by various defects like deregulated differentiation and impaired fusion of trophoblasts. Its pathogenesis is however not totally understood. We show here that BCL6 is present throughout the cell fusion process in the fusogenic trophoblastic cell line BeWo. Suppression of BCL6 promotes trophoblast fusion, indicated by enhanced levels of fusion-related β-hCG, syncytin 1 and syncytin 2. Increased mRNA levels of these genes could also be observed in primary term cytotrophoblasts depleted of BCL6. Conversely, stable overexpression of BCL6 reduces the fusion capacity of BeWo cells. These data suggest that an accurately regulated expression of BCL6 is important for proper differentiation and successful syncytialization of trophoblasts. While deregulated BCL6 is linked to lymphomagenesis by blocking lymphocyte terminal differentiation, increased BCL6 in the placenta contributes to the development of preeclampsia by impairing trophoblast differentiation and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Jasmer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Muschol-Steinmetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrikke Kielland-Kaisen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dörthe Brüggmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lukas Jennewein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Roman Allert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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29
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Wankhade UD, Zhong Y, Kang P, Alfaro M, Chintapalli SV, Thakali KM, Shankar K. Enhanced offspring predisposition to steatohepatitis with maternal high-fat diet is associated with epigenetic and microbiome alterations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175675. [PMID: 28414763 PMCID: PMC5393586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important co-morbidity associated with obesity and a precursor to steatohepatitis. However, the contributions of gestational and early life influences on development of NAFLD and NASH remain poorly appreciated. Methods Two independent studies were performed to examine whether maternal over-nutrition via exposure to high fat diet (HFD) leads to exacerbated hepatic responses to post-natal HFD and methionine choline deficient (MCD) diets in the offspring. Offspring of both control diet- and HFD-fed dams were weaned onto control and HFD, creating four groups. Results When compared to their control diet-fed littermates, offspring of HF-dams weaned onto HFD gained greater body weight; had increased relative liver weight and showed hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Similarly, this group revealed significantly greater immune response and pro-fibrogenic gene expression via RNA-seq. In parallel, 7–8 week old offspring were challenged with either control or MCD diets for 3 weeks. Responses to MCD diets were also exacerbated due to maternal HFD as seen by gene expression of classical pro-fibrogenic genes. Quantitative genome-scale DNA methylation analysis of over 1 million CpGs showed persistent epigenetic changes in key genes in tissue development and metabolism (Fgf21, Ppargc1β) with maternal HFD and in cell adhesion and communication (VWF, Ephb2) in the combination of maternal HFD and offspring MCD diets. Maternal HFD also influenced gut microbiome profiles in offspring leading to a decrease in α-diversity. Linear regression analysis revealed association between serum ALT levels and Coprococcus, Coriobacteriacae, Helicobacterioceae and Allobaculum. Conclusion Our findings indicate that maternal HFD detrimentally alters epigenetic and gut microbiome pathways to favor development of fatty liver disease and its progressive sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh D. Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ping Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Maria Alfaro
- Molecular Genetic Pathology Laboratory, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Keshari M. Thakali
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Novakovic B, Evain-Brion D, Murthi P, Fournier T, Saffery R. Variable DAXX gene methylation is a common feature of placental trophoblast differentiation, preeclampsia, and response to hypoxia. FASEB J 2017; 31:2380-2392. [PMID: 28223336 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601189rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Placental functioning relies on the appropriate differentiation of progenitor villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) into extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCTs), including invasive EVCTs, and the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (ST) layer. This is accompanied by a general move away from a proliferative, immature phenotype. Genome-scale expression studies have provided valuable insight into genes that are associated with the shift to both an invasive EVCT and ST phenotype, whereas genome-scale DNA methylation analysis has shown that differentiation to ST involves widespread methylation shifts, which are counteracted by low oxygen. In the current study, we sought to identify DNA methylation variation that is associated with transition from CTB to ST in vitro and from a noninvasive to invasive EVCT phenotype after culture on Matrigel. Of the several hundred differentially methylated regions that were identified in each comparison, the majority showed a loss of methylation with differentiation. This included a large differentially methylated region (DMR) in the gene body of death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX ), which lost methylation during both CTB syncytialization to ST and EVCT differentiation to invasive EVCT. Comparison to publicly available methylation array data identified the same DMR as among the most consistently differentially methylated genes in placental samples from preeclampsia pregnancies. Of interest, in vitro culture of CTB or ST in low oxygen increases methylation in the same region, which correlates with delayed differentiation. Analysis of combined epigenomics signatures confirmed DAXX DMR as a likely regulatory element, and direct gene expression analysis identified a positive association between methylation at this site and DAXX expression levels. The widespread dynamic nature of DAXX methylation in association with trophoblast differentiation and placenta-associated pathologies is consistent with an important role for this gene in proper placental development and function.-Novakovic, B., Evain-Brion, D., Murthi, P., Fournier, T., Saffery, R. Variable DAXX gene methylation is a common feature of placental trophoblast differentiation, preeclampsia, and response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danièle Evain-Brion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1139, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiery Fournier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1139, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Rose S, Frye RE, Badger TM, Andres A, Shankar K. Maternal Obesity Programs Senescence Signaling and Glucose Metabolism in Osteo-Progenitors From Rat and Human. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4172-4183. [PMID: 27653035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status during intrauterine and early postnatal life impacts the risk of chronic diseases, presumably via epigenetic mechanisms. However, evidence on the impact of gestational events on regulation of embryonic bone cell fate is sparse. We investigated the effects of maternal obesity on fetal osteoblast development in both rodents and humans. Female rats were fed control or an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and mated with male rats fed control diets, and respective maternal diets were continued during pregnancy. Embryonic rat osteogenic calvarial cells (EOCCs) were taken from gestational day 18.5 fetuses from control and HFD dams. EOCCs from HFD obese dams showed increases in p53/p21-mediated cell senescence signaling but decreased glucose metabolism. Decreased aerobic glycolysis in HFD-EOCCs was associated with decreased osteoblastic cell differentiation and proliferation. Umbilical cord human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from 24 pregnant women (12 obese and 12 lean) along with placentas were collected upon delivery. The umbilical cord MSCs of obese mothers displayed less potential toward osteoblastogenesis and more towards adipogenesis. Human MSCs and placenta from obese mothers also exhibited increased cell senescence signaling, whereas MSCs showed decreased glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Finally, we showed that overexpression of p53 linked increased cell senescence signaling and decreased glucose metabolism in fetal osteo-progenitors from obese rats and humans. These findings suggest programming of fetal preosteoblastic cell senescence signaling and glucose metabolism by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Richard E Frye
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), Department of Pediatrics (J.-R.C., O.P.L., M.L.B., R.E.F., T.M.B., A.A., K.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute (S.R., R.E.F.), Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
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He B, Zhang N, Jia Y, Sun Q, Zhao R. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated insulin-like growth factor-I transcriptional regulation in BeWo trophoblast cells before and after syncytialisation. Steroids 2016; 115:26-33. [PMID: 27500692 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to excessive glucocorticoids (GCs) leads to intrauterine growth retardation and fetal programming of adult health and disease through deregulation of placental functions. Placental secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a critical role in the regulation of placental development and function. However, it remains elusive whether GCs affect placental functions through glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated transcriptional regulation of IGF-I gene. In this study, human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells before and after syncytialization were used as cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast models, respectively, to explore the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on transcriptional regulation of IGF-I gene at both stages. Dex significantly inhibited (P<0.05) cell proliferation in cytotrophoblasts and down-regulated amino acid transporter SLC7A5 in syncytiotrophoblasts. Concurrently, the abundance of IGF-I mRNA and its transcript variants, together with IGF-I level in culture media, were significantly reduced, in association with significantly enhanced (P<0.05) GR phosphorylation. GR antagonist RU486 was able to abolish all these effects. Two glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) were predicted in the promoter regions of IGF-I gene. GR binding to GRE1 was significantly enriched (P<0.05) in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, but that to GRE2 was significantly diminished (P<0.05) in cytotrophoblasts but not in syncytiotrophoblasts, in response to Dex treatment. IGF-I supplementation completely rescued Dex-induced cell cycle arrest but not SLC7A5 down-regulation, indicating different regulatory mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggest that GR-mediated transcriptional regulation of IGF-I is involved in Dex-induced inhibition of placental cell proliferation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qinwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Zheng R, Li Y, Sun H, Lu X, Sun BF, Wang R, Cui L, Zhu C, Lin HY, Wang H. Deep RNA sequencing analysis of syncytialization-related genes during BeWo cell fusion. Reproduction 2016; 153:REP-16-0343. [PMID: 27742864 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) plays a key role in maintaining the function of the placenta during human pregnancy. However, the molecular network that orchestrates STB development remains elusive. The aim of this study was to obtain broad and deep insight into human STB formation via transcriptomics. We adopted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to investigate genes and isoforms involved in forskolin (FSK)-induced fusion of BeWo cells. BeWo cells were treated with 50 μM FSK or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle control for 24 and 48 h, and the mRNAs at 0, 24 and 48 h was sequenced. We detected 28,633 expressed genes and identified 1,902 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after FSK treatment for 24 and 48 h. Among the 1,902 DEGs, 461 were increased and 395 were decreased at 24 h, while 879 were up-regulated and 763 were down-regulated at 48 h. When the 856 DEGs identified at 24 h were traced individually at 48 h, they separated into 6 dynamic patterns via a K-means algorithm, and most were enriched in down-even and up-even patterns. Moreover, the Gene Ontology (GO) terms syncytium formation, cell junction assembly, cell fate commitment, calcium ion transport, regulation of epithelial cell differentiation and cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation were clustered, and the MAPK pathway was most significantly regulated. Analyses of alternative splicing isoforms detected 123,200 isoforms, of which 1,376 were differentially expressed. The present deep analysis of the RNA-Seq data of BeWo cell fusion provides important clues for understanding the mechanisms underlying human STB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zheng
- R Zheng, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Y Li, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- H Sun, Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Lu
- X Lu, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Beijing, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Fa Sun
- B Sun, Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- R Wang, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Cui
- L Cui, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chiense Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- C Zhu, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- H Lin, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- H Wang, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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