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Manoharan MM, Montes GC, Acquarone M, Swan KF, Pridjian GC, Nogueira Alencar AK, Bayer CL. Metabolic theory of preeclampsia: implications for maternal cardiovascular health. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H582-H597. [PMID: 38968164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00170.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic disorder of pregnancy that not only causes perinatal mortality and morbidity but also has a long-term toll on the maternal and fetal cardiovascular system. Women diagnosed with PE are at greater risk for the subsequent development of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, cerebral edema, seizures, and end-stage renal disease. Although PE is considered heterogeneous, inefficient extravillous trophoblast (EVT) migration leading to deficient spiral artery remodeling and increased uteroplacental vascular resistance is the likely initiation of the disease. The principal pathophysiology is placental hypoxia, causing subsequent oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and immunological imbalance. The damage imposed on the placenta in turn results in the "stress response" categorized by the dysfunctional release of vasoactive components including oxidative stressors, proinflammatory factors, and cytokines into the maternal circulation. These bioactive factors have deleterious effects on systemic endothelial cells and coagulation leading to generalized vascular dysfunction and hypercoagulability. A better understanding of these metabolic factors may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat this multisystemic disorder. In this review, we connect the hypoxic-oxidative stress and inflammation involved in the pathophysiology of PE to the resulting persistent cardiovascular complications in patients with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mistina M Manoharan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Guilherme C Montes
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Institute Biology (IBRAG), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Acquarone
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Kenneth F Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Gabriella C Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Carolyn L Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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2
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Gou R, Zhang X. Glycolysis: A fork in the path of normal and pathological pregnancy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23263. [PMID: 37889786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is vital to the survival of living organisms. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s, glycolysis has become a major research area in the field of metabolism. Glycolysis has been extensively studied in the field of cancer and is considered as a promising therapeutic target. However, research on the role of glycolysis in pregnancy is limited. Recent evidence suggests that blastocysts, trophoblasts, decidua, and tumors all acquire metabolic energy at specific stages in a highly similar manner. Glycolysis, carefully controlled throughout pregnancy, maintains a dynamic and coordinated state, so as to maintain the homeostasis of the maternal-fetal interface and ensure normal gestation. In the present review, we investigate metabolic remodeling and the selective propensity of the embryo and placenta for glycolysis. We then address dysregulated glycolysis that occurs in the cellular interactive network at the maternal-fetal interface in miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. We provide new insights into the field of maternal-fetal medicine from a metabolic perspective, thus revealing the mystery of human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Anderson CC, Bonney EA, Mueller TF, Corthay A, Havele C, Singh NJ, Øynebråten I, Bretscher PA. On antigen-specific signals, immune class regulation and energetics: Report III from the workshops on foundational concepts of immune regulation. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13311. [PMID: 38112131 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This is a report from a one-week workshop held in Athens, Greece in July of 2022. The workshop aimed to identify emerging concepts relevant to the fundamentals of immune regulation and areas for future research. Theories of immune regulation emphasize the role of T cell help or co-stimulation (signal 2). The workshop participants considered how new data on the characteristics of agonist antigens, the role of the antigen receptor signals (signal 1) in driving fate decisions, the effect of energetics on immunity and a better understanding of class-control in the immune response, may impact theories of immune regulation. These ideas were discussed in the context of tumour immunology, autoimmunity, pregnancy and transplantation. Here we present the discussions as a narrative of different viewpoints to allow the reader to join the conversation. These discussions highlight the evolving understanding of the nature of specific antigen recognition and how both antigen-specific and non-specific mechanisms impact immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin C Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes and Transplant Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Thomas F Mueller
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Calliopi Havele
- Dept of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nevil J Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter A Bretscher
- Dept of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Vieira Pimentel RL, Braga JF, Velloso EPP, Lautner RQ, de Oliveira ML, Todiras M, Alenina N, Bader M, de Sousa FG, Beier SL, Santos R. G-protein-coupled receptor MAS deletion produces a preeclampsia-like phenotype in FVB/N mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1249-1263. [PMID: 37527493 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unbalance in the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) between the Ang II/AT1 and Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis appears to be involved in preeclampsia (PE), in which a reduction in Ang-(1-7) was observed. Here, we tested whether the reduction in the activity of the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis could be a contributing factor for the development of PE, using Mas-deficient (Mas-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated by telemetry before, during pregnancy and 4 days postpartum in 20-week-old Mas-/- and wild-type (WT) female mice. Mas-/- mice presented reduced arterial blood pressure (BP) at baseline (91.3 ± 0.8 in Mas-/- vs. 94.0 ± 0.9 mmHg in WT, Diastolic, P<0.05). However, after the 13th day of gestation, BP in Mas-/- mice started to increase, time-dependently, and at day 19 of pregnancy, these animals presented a higher BP in comparison with WT group (90.5 ± 0.7 in Mas-/- vs. 80.3 ± 3.5 mmHg in WT, Diastolic D19, P<0.0001). Moreover, pregnant Mas-/- mice presented fetal growth restriction, increase in urinary protein excretion as compared with nonpregnant Mas-/-, oliguria, increase in cytokines, endothelial dysfunction and reduced ACE, AT1R, ACE2, ET-1A, and eNOS placental mRNA, similar to some of the clinical manifestations found in the development of PE. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Mas-deletion produces a PE-like state in FVB/N mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lúcia Vieira Pimentel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Janaína Félix Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Portugal Pimenta Velloso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Queiroga Lautner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marilene Luzia de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felipe Gaia de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Suzane Lilian Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ras Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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De Moraes Salgado C, Viana LR, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Placental, Foetal, and Maternal Serum Metabolomic Profiles in Pregnancy-Associated Cancer: Walker-256 Tumour Model in a Time-Course Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13026. [PMID: 37685833 PMCID: PMC10487647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy presents a delicate coexistence, imposing ethical and professional challenges on both the patient and medical team. In this study, we aimed to explore in a pre-clinical model the impact of tumour evolution in serum, placental and foetal metabolomics profiles during pregnancy in a time-course manner. Pregnant Wistar rats were distributed into two experimental groups: Control (C) and Walker-256 tumour-bearing (W). The rats were euthanised on three different gestational periods: at 12 days post-conception (dpc), at 16 dpc, and at 19 dpc. Serum, placenta and foetal metabolomic profiles were performed by 1H-NMR spectra following the analyses using Chenomx NMR Analysis Software V8.3. The tumour evolution was exponential, affecting the placental metabolomic profile during all the pregnancy stages. The placental tissue in tumour-bearing dams developed at a lower speed, decreasing the foetus's weight. Associated with the serum metabolomic changes related to tumour growth, the placental metabolomic alterations impacted many metabolic pathways related to energy provision, protein synthesis and signalling, which directly harmed the foetus's development. The development of the foetus is clearly affected by the damage induced by the tumour evolution, which alters the metabolic profile of both the serum and the placenta, impairing early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Rosa Viana
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil;
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6
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Johnson GA, Seo H, Bazer FW, Wu G, Kramer AC, McLendon BA, Cain JW. Metabolic pathways utilized by the porcine conceptus, uterus, and placenta. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:673-683. [PMID: 35460118 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conceptus elongation and early placentation involve growth and remodeling that requires proliferation and migration of cells. This demands conceptuses expend energy before establishment of a placenta connection and when they are dependent upon components of histotroph secreted or transported into the uterine lumen from the uterus. Glucose and fructose, as well as many amino acids (including arginine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamate, glycine, methionine, and serine), increase in the uterine lumen during the peri-implantation period. Glucose and fructose enter cells via their transporters, SLC2A, SLC2A3, and SLC2A8, and amino acids enter the cells via specific transporters that are expressed by the conceptus trophectoderm. However, porcine conceptuses develop rapidly through extensive cellular proliferation and migration as they elongate and attach to the uterine wall resulting in increased metabolic demands. Therefore, coordination of multiple metabolic biosynthetic pathways is an essential aspect of conceptus development. Oxidative metabolism primarily occurs through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain, but proliferating and migrating cells, like the trophectoderm of pigs, enhance aerobic glycolysis. The glycolytic intermediates from glucose can then be shunted into the pentose phosphate pathway and one-carbon metabolism for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides. A result of aerobic glycolysis is limited availability of pyruvate for maintaining the TCA cycle, and trophectoderm cells likely replenish TCA cycle metabolites primarily through glutaminolysis to convert glutamine into TCA cycle intermediates. The synthesis of ATP, nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids through these biosynthetic pathways is essential to support elongation, migration, hormone synthesis, implantation, and early placental development of conceptuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan A McLendon
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joe W Cain
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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7
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Rekowska AK, Obuchowska K, Bartosik M, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Słodzińska M, Wierzchowska-Opoka M, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Biomolecules Involved in Both Metastasis and Placenta Accreta Spectrum-Does the Common Pathophysiological Pathway Exist? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092618. [PMID: 37174083 PMCID: PMC10177254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial in the implantation of the blastocyst and subsequent placental development. The trophoblast, consisting of villous and extravillous zones, plays different roles in these processes. Pathological states, such as placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), can arise due to dysfunction of the trophoblast or defective decidualization, leading to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Studies have drawn parallels between placentation and carcinogenesis, with both processes involving EMT and the establishment of a microenvironment that facilitates invasion and infiltration. This article presents a review of molecular biomarkers involved in both the microenvironment of tumors and placental cells, including placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin (CDH1), laminin γ2 (LAMC2), the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB) proteins, αVβ3 integrin, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), β-catenin, cofilin-1 (CFL-1), and interleukin-35 (IL-35). Understanding the similarities and differences in these processes may provide insights into the development of therapeutic options for both PAS and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Rekowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Obuchowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bartosik
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Słodzińska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Kandzija N, Rahbar M, Jones GD, Motta-Mejia C, Zhang W, Couch Y, Neuhaus AA, Kishore U, Sutherland BA, Redman C, Vatish M. Placental capillary pericytes release excess extracellular vesicles under hypoxic conditions inducing a pro-angiogenic profile in term pregnancy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:20-29. [PMID: 36774662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are multifunctional cells wrapped around capillary endothelia, essential for vascular health, development, and blood flow regulation, although their role in human placental chorionic villi has not been fully explored. The second half of normal pregnancy is characterized by a progressive decline in placental and fetal oxygen levels which, by term, comprises a substantial degree of hypoxia. We hypothesized this hypoxia would stimulate pericyte regulation of chorionic villous capillary function. This study's objective was to investigate the role of hypoxia on normal term placental pericytes (PLVP) and their signaling to endothelial cells. First, we confirmed fetoplacental hypoxia at term by a new analysis of umbilical arterial blood oxygen tension of 3,010 healthy singleton neonates sampled at caesarean section and before labor. We then measured the release of cytokines, chemokines, and small extracellular vesicles (PLVPsv), from PLVP cultured at 20%, 8% and 1% O2. As O2 levels decreased, secreted cytokines and chemokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], and small extracellular vesicle markers, (Alix, Syntenin and CD9) increased significantly in the culture supernatants. When primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured with PLVPsv, polygon formation, number, and tube formation length was significantly increased compared to cells not treated with PLVPsv, indicating PLVPsv stimulated angiogenesis. We conclude that adding PLVPsv stimulates angiogenesis and vessel stabilization on neighboring endothelial cells in response to hypoxia in term pregnancy compared to no addition of PLVPsv. Our finding that PLVP can release angiogenic molecules via extracellular vesicles in response to hypoxia may apply to other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Maryam Rahbar
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel Davis Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Motta-Mejia
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Biosciences Division, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Program, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Program, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences Division, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Christopher Redman
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Maternal Smoking in the First Trimester and its Consequence on the Early Placenta. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100059. [PMID: 36801640 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. This suggests impaired placental function and restricted nutrient and oxygen supply. Studies investigating placental tissue at the end of pregnancy have revealed increased DNA damage as a potential underlying cause, which is driven by various toxic smoke ingredients and oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, in the first trimester, the placenta develops and differentiates, and many pregnancy pathologies associated with reduced placental function originate here. Therefore, we determined DNA damage in a cohort of first-trimester placental samples of verified smokers and nonsmokers. In fact, we observed an 80% increase in DNA breaks (P < .001) and shortened telomeres by 5.8% (P = .04) in placentas exposed to maternal smoking. Surprisingly, there was a decrease in ROS-mediated DNA damage, ie, 8-oxo-guanidine modifications, in placentas of the smoking group (-41%; P = .021), which paralleled the reduced expression of base excision DNA repair machinery, which restores oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, we observed that the increase in placental oxidant defense machinery expression, which usually occurs at the end of the first trimester in a healthy pregnancy as a result of the full onset of uteroplacental blood flow, was absent in the smoking group. Therefore, in early pregnancy, maternal smoking causes placental DNA damage, contributing to placental malfunction and increased risk of stillbirth and fetal growth restriction in pregnant women. Additionally, reduced ROS-mediated DNA damage along with no increase in antioxidant enzymes suggests a delay in the establishment of physiological uteroplacental blood flow at the end of the first trimester, which may further add to a disturbed placental development and function as a result of smoking in pregnancy.
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The ovine conceptus utilizes extracellular serine, glucose, and fructose to generate formate via the one carbon metabolism pathway. Amino Acids 2023; 55:125-137. [PMID: 36383272 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly proliferative cells rely on one carbon (1C) metabolism for production of formate required for synthesis of purines and thymidine for nucleic acid synthesis. This study was to determine if extracellular serine and/or glucose and fructose contribute the production of formate in ovine conceptuses. Suffolk ewes (n = 8) were synchronized to estrus, bred to fertile rams, and conceptuses were collected on Day 17 of gestation. Conceptuses were either snap frozen in liquid nitrogen (n = 3) or placed in culture in medium (n = 5) containing either: 1) 4 mM D-glucose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 2) 6 mM glycine + 4 mM D-glucose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 3) 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 4) 6 mM glycine + 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; 5) 4 mM D-glucose + 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine; or 6) 6 mM glycine + 4 mM D-glucose + 4 mM D-fructose + 2 mM [U-13C]serine. After 2 h incubation, conceptuses in their respective culture medium were homogenized and the supernatant analyzed for 12C- and 13C-formate by gas chromatography and amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Ovine conceptuses produced both 13C- and 12C-formate, indicating that the [U-13C]serine, glucose, and fructose were utilized to generate formate, respectively. Greater amounts of 12C-formate than 13C-formate were produced, indicating that the ovine conceptus utilized more glucose and fructose than serine to produce formate. This study is the first to demonstrate that both 1C metabolism and serinogenesis are active metabolic pathways in ovine conceptuses during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, and that hexose sugars are the preferred substrate for generating formate required for nucleotide synthesis for proliferating trophectoderm cells.
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11
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Xu P, Zheng Y, Liao J, Hu M, Yang Y, Zhang B, Kilby MD, Fu H, Liu Y, Zhang F, Xiong L, Liu X, Jin H, Wu Y, Huang J, Han T, Wen L, Gao R, Fu Y, Fan X, Qi H, Baker PN, Tong C. AMPK regulates homeostasis of invasion and viability in trophoblasts by redirecting glucose metabolism: Implications for pre-eclampsia. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13358. [PMID: 36480593 PMCID: PMC9890534 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is deemed an ischemia-induced metabolic disorder of the placenta due to defective invasion of trophoblasts during placentation; thus, the driving role of metabolism in PE pathogenesis is largely ignored. Since trophoblasts undergo substantial glycolysis, this study aimed to investigate its function and regulatory mechanism by AMPK in PE development. Metabolomics analysis of PE placentas was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Trophoblast-specific AMPKα1-deficient mouse placentas were generated to assess morphology. A mouse PE model was established by Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure, and placental AMPK was modulated by nanoparticle-delivered A769662. Trophoblast glucose uptake was measured by 2-NBDG and 2-deoxy-d-[3 H] glucose uptake assays. Cellular metabolism was investigated by the Seahorse assay and GC-MS.PE complicated trophoblasts are associated with AMPK hyperactivation due not to energy deficiency. Thereafter, AMPK activation during placentation exacerbated PE manifestations but alleviated cell death in the placenta. AMPK activation in trophoblasts contributed to GLUT3 translocation and subsequent glucose metabolism, which were redirected into gluconeogenesis, resulting in deposition of glycogen and accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate; the latter enhanced viability but compromised trophoblast invasion. However, ablation of AMPK in the mouse placenta resulted in decreased glycogen deposition and structural malformation. These data reveal a novel homeostasis between invasiveness and viability in trophoblasts, which is mechanistically relevant for switching between the 'go' and 'grow' cellular programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yangxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell TherapyMD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jiujiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yike Yang
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Mark D. Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and System ResearchUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonUK
| | - Huijia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of ObstetricsWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liling Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huili Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tingli Han
- Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Hongbo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Department of ObstetricsWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | | | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Ministry of Education‐International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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12
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Cindrova-Davies T, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Human placental development and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:66-77. [PMID: 35393235 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient fetal organ that plays a critical role in the health and wellbeing of both the fetus and its mother. Functionally, the placenta sustains the growth of the fetus as it facilitates delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products. Not surprisingly, defective early placental development is the primary cause of common disorders of pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and stillbirth. Adverse pregnancy conditions will also affect the life-long health of the fetus via developmental programming[1]. Despite its critical importance in reproductive success and life-long health, our understanding of placental development is not extensive, largely due to ethical limitations to studying early or chronological placental development, lack of long-term in vitro models, or comparative animal models. In this review, we examine current knowledge of early human placental development, discuss the critical role of the maternal endometrium and of the fetal-maternal dialogue in pregnancy success, and we explore the latest models of trophoblast and endometrial stem cells. In addition, we discuss the role of oxygen in placental formation and function, how nutrient delivery is mediated during the periods of histotrophic nutrition (uptake of uterine secretions) and haemotrophic nutrition (exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations), and how placental endocrine function facilitates fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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13
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Zheng Q, Yang F, Gan H, Jin L. Hypoxia induced ALKBH5 prevents spontaneous abortion by mediating m 6A-demethylation of SMAD1/5 mRNAs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119316. [PMID: 35724807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecules induced by hypoxia have been supposed to be important regulators of first trimester trophoblast activity, but the key mechanism mediating invasion of trophoblast cells is not fully illustrated. Here, we found that the expression of RNA demethylase ALKBH5 was upregulated in trophoblast upon hypoxia treatment and decreased in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Furthermore, we found that trophoblast-specific knockdown of ALKBH5 in mouse placenta suppressed the invasion of trophoblast and significantly led to fetus abortion in vivo. Then ALKBH5 was identified to promote the invasion of trophoblast. Mechanistically, we identified transcripts with altered methylation in trophoblast induced by hypoxia via m6A-seq, ALKBH5 translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm upon hypoxia treatment and demethylated certain target transcripts, such as m6A-modified SMAD1/SMAD5, consequently enhanced the translation of SMAD1/SMAD5 and then promoted MMP9 and ITGA1 production. Thus, we demonstrated that ALKBH5 promoted the activity of trophoblasts by enhancing SMAD1/5 expression via erasing their m6A modifications. Our research revealed a new m6A epigenetic way to regulate the invasion of trophoblast, which suggested a novel potential therapeutic target for spontaneous abortion prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Zheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, PR China.
| | - Fenglian Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, PR China
| | - Haili Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, PR China
| | - Liping Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, PR China.
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14
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Wang S, Liu Y, Qin S, Yang H. Composition of Maternal Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Associations with Placental Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183727. [PMID: 36145103 PMCID: PMC9505713 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by gut microbiota from dietary fiber, have become candidates for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment. However, the associations of circulating SCFAs with maternal-neonatal clinical parameters in GDM and further influences on placental immune-metabolic responses are unclear. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were decreased in GDM during the second and third trimesters, especially in those with abnormal glucose tolerance at three "oral glucose tolerance test" time points. Butyrate was closely associated with acetate and propionate in correlation and dynamic trajectory analysis. Moreover, butyrate was negatively correlated with white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain per week before GDM diagnosis, and ponderal index but positively correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in all pregnancies. On the premise of reduced SCFA contents in GDM, the placental G-protein-coupled receptors 41 and 43 (GPR41/43) were decreased, and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were increased, accompanied by enhanced inflammatory responses. The metabolic status was disturbed, as evidenced by activated glycolysis in GDM. Maternal circulating acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels were associated with demographic factors in normal and GDM women. They influenced placental function and fetal development at birth through GPRs or HDACs, providing more evidence of their therapeutic capacity for GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shengtang Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Watkins OC, Yong HEJ, Mah TKL, Cracknell-Hazra VKB, Pillai RA, Selvam P, Sharma N, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Bendt AK, Godfrey KM, Lewis RM, Wenk MR, Chan SY. Sex-Dependent Regulation of Placental Oleic Acid and Palmitic Acid Metabolism by Maternal Glycemia and Associations with Birthweight. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158685. [PMID: 35955818 PMCID: PMC9369035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy complications such as maternal hyperglycemia increase perinatal mortality and morbidity, but risks are higher in males than in females. We hypothesized that fetal sex-dependent differences in placental palmitic-acid (PA) and oleic-acid (OA) metabolism influence such risks. Placental explants (n = 22) were incubated with isotope-labeled fatty acids (13C-PA or 13C-OA) for 24 or 48 h and the production of forty-seven 13C-PA lipids and thirty-seven 13C-OA lipids quantified by LCMS. Linear regression was used to investigate associations between maternal glycemia, BMI and fetal sex with 13C lipids, and between 13C lipids and birthweight centile. Placental explants from females showed greater incorporation of 13C-OA and 13C-PA into almost all lipids compared to males. Fetal sex also influenced relationships with maternal glycemia, with many 13C-OA and 13C-PA acylcarnitines, 13C-PA-diacylglycerols and 13C-PA phospholipids positively associated with glycemia in females but not in males. In contrast, several 13C-OA triacylglycerols and 13C-OA phospholipids were negatively associated with glycemia in males but not in females. Birthweight centile in females was positively associated with six 13C-PA and three 13C-OA lipids (mainly acylcarnitines) and was negatively associated with eight 13C-OA lipids, while males showed few associations. Fetal sex thus influences placental lipid metabolism and could be a key modulator of the impact of maternal metabolic health on perinatal outcomes, potentially contributing toward sex-specific adaptions in which females prioritize survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Hannah E. J. Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Tania Ken Lin Mah
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Victoria K. B. Cracknell-Hazra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Reshma Appukuttan Pillai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Preben Selvam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Anne K. Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rohan M. Lewis
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wang S, Ning J, Huai J, Yang H. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy-Associated Oxidative Stress Augments Altered Placental Glucose Transporter 1 Trafficking via AMPKα/p38MAPK Signaling Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158572. [PMID: 35955706 PMCID: PMC9369398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GLUT1, being a ubiquitous transporter isoform, is considered primarily responsible for glucose uptake during glycolysis. However, there is still uncertainty about the regulatory mechanisms of GLUT1 in hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP, PGDM, and GDM) accompanied by abnormal oxidative stress responses. In the present study, it was observed that the glycolysis was enhanced in GDM and PGDM pregnancies. In line with this, the antioxidant system was disturbed and GLUT1 expression was increased due to diabetes impairment in both placental tissues and in vitro BeWo cells. GLUT1 responded to high glucose stimulation through p38MAPK in an AMPKα-dependent manner. Both the medical-mediated and genetic depletion of p38MAPK in BeWo cells could suppress GLUT1 expression and OS-induced proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, blocking AMPKα with an inhibitor or siRNA strategy promoted p38MAPK, GLUT1, and proapoptotic molecules expression and vice versa. In general, a new GLUT1 regulation pathway was identified, which could exert effects on placental transport function through the AMPKα-p38MAPK pathway. AMPKα may be a therapeutic target in HIP for alleviating diabetes insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jing Huai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals cellular and molecular divergence in human maternal-fetal interface. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10892. [PMID: 35764880 PMCID: PMC9240006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta plays essential role in successful pregnancy, as the most important organ connecting and interplaying between mother and fetus. However, the cellular characteristics and molecular interaction of cell populations within the fetomaternal interface is still poorly understood. Here, we surveyed the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human full-term placenta and revealed the heterogeneity of cytotrophoblast cell (CTB) and stromal cell (STR) with the fetal/maternal origin consecutively localized from fetal section (FS), middle section (Mid_S) to maternal section (Mat_S) of maternal–fetal interface. Then, we highlighted a subpopulation of CTB, named trophoblast progenitor-like cells (TPLCs) existed in the full-term placenta and mainly distributed in Mid_S, with high expression of a pool of putative cell surface markers. Further, we revealed the putative key transcription factor PRDM6 that might promote the differentiation of endovascular extravillous trophoblast cells (enEVT) by inhibiting cell proliferation, and down-regulation of PRDM6 might lead to an abnormal enEVT differentiation process in PE. Together, our study offers important resources for better understanding of human placenta and stem cell-based therapy, and provides new insights on the study of tissue heterogeneity, the clinical prevention and control of PE as well as the maternal–fetal interface.
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18
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He X, Liu Y, Wang H, Sun W, Lu Y, Shan Z, Teng W, Li J. A Predictive Role of Autoantibodies Against the Epitope aa168–183 of ENO1 in the Occurrence of Miscarriage Related to Thyroid Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890502. [PMID: 35707546 PMCID: PMC9190245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the research is to study the association between the serum levels of autoantibodies against one important epitope (168FMILPVGAANFREAMR183, designated as P6) of α-enolase (ENO1-P6Abs) and miscarriage among euthyroid females with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). Methods Anti-ENO1-P6 total IgG was investigated in 432 euthyroid women, and its four subclasses were analyzed in 184 euthyroid women. The serum FT4, TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The serum ENO1-P6Ab and anti-protein disulfide isomerase A3 autoantibody (PDIA3Ab) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The serum levels of anti-ENO1-P6 total IgG, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 were significantly higher in euthyroid TAI females than in non-TAI controls. Additionally, anti-ENO1-P6 total IgG and its 4 subtypes were all markedly higher in euthyroid TAI females with pregnancy loss than those without miscarriage. Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that highly expressed anti-ENO1-P6 total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 subtypes in the serum were all independent risk factors for euthyroid TAI-related miscarriage, and its IgG1 was also for non-TAI-related abortion. According to the trend test, the prevalence of miscarriage was increased in a titer-dependent manner with the raised levels of serum anti-ENO1-P6 total IgG and IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 subtypes among euthyroid TAI females. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of anti-ENO1-P6 total IgG and IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 subclass expressions in the serum for miscarriage prediction in euthyroid TAI females exhibited that the total areas under the curves were 0.773 ± 0.041, 0.761 ± 0.053, 0.827 ± 0.043, and 0.760 ± 0.050, respectively (all P <0.0001). Their corresponding optimal cut-off OD450 values were 0.68 (total IgG), 0.26 (IgG1), 0.97 (IgG2), and 0.48 (IgG3), with sensitivities of 70.8, 87.5, 83.3, and 85.4%, and specificities of 70.8, 59.1, 77.3, and 56.8%, respectively. There was an additive interaction between serum anti-ENO1-P6 and anti-PDIA3 total IgGs on the development of miscarriage (RERI = 23.6, AP = 0.79, SI = 5.37). Conclusion The highly expressed ENO1-P6Abs may be important risk factors for euthyroid TAI-related miscarriage. The serum levels of ENO1-P6Abs may become good predictive markers for pregnancy loss in euthyroid TAI females, especially its IgG2 subclass expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-4095
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19
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Leese HJ, Brison DR, Sturmey RG. The Quiet Embryo Hypothesis: 20 years on. Front Physiol 2022; 13:899485. [PMID: 35634152 PMCID: PMC9131187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.899485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article revisits the hypothesis, proposed in 2002, that the successful development of oocytes and preimplantation mammalian embryos is associated with a metabolism which is “quiet” rather than “active”, within limits which had yet to be defined. A distinction was drawn between Functional Quietness, Loss of quietness in response to stress and Inter-individual differences in embryo metabolism and here we document applications of the hypothesis to other areas of reproductive biology. In order to encompass the requirement for “limits” and replace the simple distinction between “quiet” and “active”, evidence is presented which led to a re-working of the hypothesis by proposing the existence of an optimal range of metabolic activity, termed a “Goldilocks zone”, within which oocytes and embryos with maximum developmental potential will be located. General and specific mechanisms which may underlie the Goldilocks phenomenon are proposed and the added value that may be derived by expressing data on individual embryos as distributions rather than mean values is emphasised especially in the context of the response of early embryos to stress and to the concept of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. The article concludes with a cautionary note that being “quietly efficient” may not always ensure optimal embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Leese
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Henry J. Leese,
| | - Daniel R. Brison
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Old St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, St Mary’s Hospital, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roger G. Sturmey
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, St Mary’s Hospital, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Physiological Function of the Dynamic Oxygen Signaling Pathway at the Maternal-fetal Interface. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 151:103626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Araki Y. Embryos, cancers, and parasites: Potential applications to the study of reproductive biology in view of their similarity as biological phenomena. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12447. [PMID: 35386372 PMCID: PMC8967296 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, there are so many living things on the earth. Most of these organisms have a reproductive strategy called sexual reproduction. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, mammals have an extremely complex and seemingly unnatural method of reproduction, or viviparity. Methods As an approach to understanding the nature of viviparity, the author have tried to outline the common life phenomena of embryos, cancers, and parasites based on the literature to date, with internal parasites as the keyword. Main findings Embryo, cancer, and parasite are constituted as a systemic interaction with the host (mother). Based on these facts, the author proposed the hypothesis that in the case of mammals, "the fetus is essentially harmful to the mother", and that the parasitic fetus grows by skillfully evading the mother's foreign body exclusion mechanism. Conclusion Comparative studies of "embryos", "cancers", and "parasites" as foreign bodies have the potential to produce unexpected discoveries in their respective fields. It is important to consider the evolutionary time axis that the basic structure of our mammalian body arose over 200 million years from the Mesozoic Triassic, the period immediately after the Paleozoic Era, when life on Earth became massively extinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Araki
- Institute for Environmental & Gender‐specific MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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22
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Ortega MA, Sáez MA, Fraile-Martínez O, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Guijarro LG, Asúnsolo Á, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, De León-Luis JA, Bravo C. Overexpression of glycolysis markers in placental tissue of pregnant women with chronic venous disease: a histological study. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:186-194. [PMID: 34975312 PMCID: PMC8692115 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.65419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) refers to a wide variety of venous disorders being the varicose veins its most common manifestation. It is well-established the link between pregnancy and the risk of suffering CVD, due to hormonal or haematological factors, especially during the third trimester. In the same manner, previous studies have demonstrated the detrimental effect of this condition in the placental tissue of pregnant women, including in the normal physiology and the metabolomic profile of this organ. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the glucose homeostasis in the placental tissue of women presenting CVD. Through immunohistochemistry, we studied the protein expression of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), aldolase (ALD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GA3PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Our results have reported a significative increase in the expression of GLUT-1, PGK1, ALD, GA3PDH and the isoenzyme LDHA in placentas of women with CVD. This work has proven for the first-time an altered glucose metabolism in the placental tissue of women affected by CVD, what may aid to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition in more distant organs such as placenta. Furthermore, our research also supports the basis for further studies in the metabolic phenotyping of the human placenta due to CVD, which may be considered during the late pregnancy in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sáez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A De León-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28009, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28009, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Metformin Corrects Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis via Inhibiting the TLR4/NF- κB/PFKFB3 Signaling in Trophoblasts: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Preeclampsia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1806344. [PMID: 34804360 PMCID: PMC8601820 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1806344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is a crucial event in the preeclamptic pathogenesis, tightly linked with the uteroplacental TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Trophoblastic glycometabolism reprogramming has now been noticed in the preeclampsia pathogenesis, plausibly modulated by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling as well. Intriguingly, cellular pyroptosis and metabolic phenotypes may be inextricably linked and interacted. Metformin (MET), a widely accepted NF-κB signaling inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential in preeclampsia while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of MET on trophoblastic pyroptosis and its relevant metabolism reprogramming. The safety of pharmacologic MET concentration to trophoblasts was verified at first, which had no adverse effects on trophoblastic viability. Pharmacological MET concentration suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis partly through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling in preeclamptic trophoblast models induced via low-dose lipopolysaccharide. Besides, MET corrected the glycometabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress partly via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling and blocking transcription factor NF-κB1 binding on the promoter PFKFB3, a potent glycolytic accelerator. Furthermore, PFKFB3 can also enhance the NF-κB signaling, reduce NLRP3 ubiquitination, and aggravate pyroptosis. However, MET suppressed pyroptosis partly via inhibiting PFKFB3 as well. These results provided that the TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3 pathway may be a novel link between metabolism reprogramming and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in trophoblasts. Further, MET alleviates the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, which partly relies on the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3-dependent glycometabolism reprogramming and redox disorders. Hence, our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and propose MET as a potential therapy.
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24
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The Impact of Hypoxia in Early Pregnancy on Placental Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189675. [PMID: 34575844 PMCID: PMC8466283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps with the most critical stages of placental development, i.e., blastocyst implantation, cytotrophoblast invasion, and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Dysregulation of any of these steps in early gestation can result in pregnancy loss and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia has been shown to regulate not only the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and progenitor cells, but also the recruitment, phenotype, and function of maternal immune cells. In this review, we will summarize how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival, fate, and function of several important cell types, e.g., trophoblast stem cells, extravillous trophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, uterine natural killer cells, Hofbauer cells, and decidual macrophages. We will also discuss the cellular mechanisms used to cope with low oxygen tensions, such as the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, regulation of the metabolic pathway, and adaptation to autophagy. Understanding the beneficial roles of hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause(s) of some pregnancy disorders, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
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25
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Prater M, Hamilton RS, Wa Yung H, Sharkey AM, Robson P, Abd Hamid NE, Jauniaux E, Charnock-Jones DS, Burton GJ, Cindrova-Davies T. RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first-second trimester transition. Biol Open 2021; 10:268993. [PMID: 34100896 PMCID: PMC8214423 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7-8 (n=8) and 13-14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Prater
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory, The JAX Center for Genetics of Fertility and Reproduction, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Eric Jauniaux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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26
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Carvajal L, Gutiérrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy Process in Trophoblast Cells Invasion and Differentiation: Similitude and Differences With Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637594. [PMID: 33937039 PMCID: PMC8082112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development begins with blastocyst implantation, then the trophoblast differentiates and originates the cells required for a proper fetal nutrition and placental implantation. Among them, extravillous trophoblast corresponds to a non-proliferating trophoblast highly invasive that allows the vascular remodeling which is essential for appropriate placental perfusion and to maintain the adequate fetal growth. This process involves different placental cell types as well as molecules that allow cell growth, cellular adhesion, tissular remodeling, and immune tolerance. Remarkably, some of the cellular processes required for proper placentation are common between placental and cancer cells to finally support tumor growth. Indeed, as in placentation trophoblasts invade and migrate, cancer cells invade and migrate to promote tumor metastasis. However, while these processes respond to a controlled program in trophoblasts, in cancer cells this regulation is lost. Interestingly, it has been shown that autophagy, a process responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, is required for invasion of trophoblast cells and for vascular remodeling during placentation. In cancer cells, autophagy has a dual role, as it has been shown both as tumor promoter and inhibitor, depending on the stage and tumor considered. In this review, we summarized the similarities and differences between trophoblast cell invasion and cancer cell metastasis specifically evaluating the role of autophagy in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Oliveira MDMS, Salgado CDM, Viana LR, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Pregnancy and Cancer: Cellular Biology and Mechanisms Affecting the Placenta. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1667. [PMID: 33916290 PMCID: PMC8037654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy is rarely studied due to its low incidence (1:1000). However, as a result of different sociocultural and economic changes, women are postponing pregnancy, so the number of pregnant women with cancer has been increasing in recent years. The importance of studying cancer during pregnancy is not only based on maternal and foetal prognosis, but also on the evolutionary mechanisms of the cell biology of trophoblasts and neoplastic cells, which point out similarities between and suggest new fields for the study of cancer. Moreover, the magnitude of how cancer factors can affect trophoblastic cells, and vice versa, in altering the foetus's nutrition and health is still a subject to be understood. In this context, the objective of this narrative review was to show that some researchers point out the importance of supplementing branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, in experimental models of pregnancy associated with women with cancer. A leucine-rich diet may be an interesting strategy to preserve physiological placenta metabolism for protecting the mother and foetus from the harmful effects of cancer during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lais Rosa Viana
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil; (M.d.M.S.O.); (C.d.M.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil; (M.d.M.S.O.); (C.d.M.S.)
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28
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Gragasin FS, Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Kim SH, Kokotilo M, Woodman AG, Renaud SJ, Bourque SL. Maternal and Cord Blood Hemoglobin as Determinants of Placental Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050997. [PMID: 33801215 PMCID: PMC7957881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both high and low placental weights are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal hemoglobin levels can influence placental weight, but the evidence is conflicting. Since maternal hemoglobin does not invariably correlate with fetal/neonatal blood hemoglobin levels, we sought to determine whether cord blood hemoglobin or maternal hemoglobin status more closely associates with placental weight in women undergoing elective cesarean section at term. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada, involving 202 women with term singleton pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean section. Maternal blood and mixed cord blood hemoglobin levels were analyzed using a HemoCue Hb201+ system. Birth weight, placental weight, one- and five-minute APGAR scores, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical state classification, maternal age, and maternal height were also recorded. Relationships between maternal and cord blood hemoglobin levels with placental weight, birth weight, and birth weight to placental weight ratio were the main outcome measures. Results: A total of 182 subjects were included in the analysis. Regression analysis showed that cord blood hemoglobin, but not maternal hemoglobin, was inversely related with placental weight (β = −2.4, p = 0.001) and positively related with the birth weight to placental weight ratio (β = 0.015, p = 0.001 and p = 0.63, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that measuring cord blood hemoglobin levels, rather than maternal hemoglobin levels, may provide important diagnostic information about in utero fetal adaptation to suboptimal placental function and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrante S. Gragasin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Maria B. Ospina
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jesus Serrano-Lomelin
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada;
| | - Matthew Kokotilo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrew G. Woodman
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6000
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29
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Bazer FW, Seo H, Johnson GA, Wu G. One-Carbon Metabolism and Development of the Conceptus During Pregnancy: Lessons from Studies with Sheep and Pigs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:1-15. [PMID: 33770399 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pregnancy recognition signal from the conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated membranes) to the mother is interferon tau (IFNT) in ruminants and estradiol, possibly in concert with interferons gamma and delta in pigs. Those pregnancy recognition signals silence expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) in uterine luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia while inducing expression of genes for transport of nutrients, including glucose and amino acids, into the uterine lumen to support growth and development of the conceptus. In sheep and pigs, glucose not utilized immediately by the conceptus is converted to fructose. Glucose, fructose, serine and glycine in uterine histotroph can contribute to one carbon (1C) metabolism that provides one-carbon groups for the synthesis of purines and thymidylate, as well as S-adenosylmethionine for epigenetic methylation reactions. Serine and glycine are transported into the mitochondria of cells and metabolized to formate that is transported into the cytoplasm for the synthesis of purines, thymidine and S-adenosylmethionine. The unique aspects of one-carbon metabolism are discussed in the context of the hypoxic uterine environment, aerobic glycolysis, and similarities in metabolism between cancer cells and cells of the rapidly developing fetal-placental tissues during pregnancy. Further, the evolution of anatomical and functional aspects of the placentae of sheep and pigs versus primates is discussed in the context of mechanisms to efficiently obtain, store and utilize nutrients required for rapid fetal growth in the last one-half of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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30
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Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Placentation in the Human and Higher Primates. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 234:223-254. [PMID: 34694484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77360-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Placentation in humans is precocious and highly invasive compared to other mammals. Implantation is interstitial, with the conceptus becoming completely embedded within the endometrium towards the end of the second week post-fertilization. Villi initially form over the entire surface of the chorionic sac, stimulated by histotrophic secretions from the endometrial glands. The secondary yolk sac never makes contact with the chorion, and a choriovitelline placenta is never established. However, recent morphological and transcriptomic analyses suggest that the yolk sac plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients from the coelomic fluid. Measurements performed in vivo demonstrate that early development takes place in a physiological, low-oxygen environment that protects against teratogenic free radicals and maintains stem cells in a multipotent state. The maternal arterial circulation to the placenta is only fully established around 10-12 weeks of gestation. By then, villi have regressed over the superficial, abembryonic pole, leaving the definitive discoid placenta, which is of the villous, hemochorial type. Remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries is essential to ensure a high-volume but low-velocity inflow into the mature placenta. Extravillous trophoblast cells migrate from anchoring villi and surround the arteries. Their interactions with maternal immune cells release cytokines and proteases that are key to remodeling, and a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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31
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Review: Histotrophic nutrition and the placental-endometrial dialogue during human early pregnancy. Placenta 2020; 102:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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PlGF Immunological Impact during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228714. [PMID: 33218096 PMCID: PMC7698813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother’s immune system has to tolerate the persistence of paternal alloantigens without affecting the anti-infectious immune response. Consequently, several mechanisms aimed at preventing allograft rejection, occur during a pregnancy. In fact, the early stages of pregnancy are characterized by the correct balance between inflammation and immune tolerance, in which proinflammatory cytokines contribute to both the remodeling of tissues and to neo-angiogenesis, thus, favoring the correct embryo implantation. In addition to the creation of a microenvironment able to support both immunological privilege and angiogenesis, the trophoblast invades normal tissues by sharing the same behavior of invasive tumors. Next, the activation of an immunosuppressive phase, characterized by an increase in the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells prevents excessive inflammation and avoids fetal immuno-mediated rejection. When these changes do not occur or occur incompletely, early pregnancy failure follows. All these events are characterized by an increase in different growth factors and cytokines, among which one of the most important is the angiogenic growth factor, namely placental growth factor (PlGF). PlGF is initially isolated from the human placenta. It is upregulated during both pregnancy and inflammation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of PlGF during pregnancy, warranting that both innate and adaptive immune cells properly support the early events of implantation and placental development. Furthermore, we highlight how an alteration of the immune response, associated with PlGF imbalance, can induce a hypertensive state and lead to the pre-eclampsia (PE).
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Sun M, Gao J, Meng T, Liu S, Chen H, Liu Q, Xing X, Zhao C, Luo Y. Cyclin G2 upregulation impairs migration, invasion, and network formation through RNF123/Dvl2/JNK signaling in the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo, a possible role in preeclampsia. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21169. [PMID: 33205477 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001559rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) migration and invasion is considered to be responsible for pathological placentation in preeclampsia (PE). Cyclin G2 (CCNG2) is an atypical cyclin that inhibits cell cycle progression. However, its biological function and underlying molecular mechanism in PE are poorly understood. In this study, clinical data demonstrated that CCNG2 was significantly upregulated in PE placenta and associated with invasive EVT dysfunction. Additionally, Ccng2 knockout led to an attenuation of PE-like symptoms in the PE mouse model produced via treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In vitro, CCNG2 inhibited the migration, invasion, and endothelial-like network formation of human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo. Mechanically, CCNG2 suppressed JNK-dependent Wnt/PCP signaling and its downstream indicators including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via promoting the polyubiquitination degradation of dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) protein in HTR8/SVneo cells. We also discovered that the E3 ligase Ring finger protein 123 (RNF123), as a novel CCNG2 target among HTR8/SVneo cells, interacted with Dvl2 and participated in CCNG2-induced polyubiquitination degradation of Dvl2. Moreover, we verified that the treatment of HTR8/SVneo cells with RNF123-specific siRNA improved polyubiquitination-induced degradation of Dvl2 and the activity of Wnt/PCP-JNK signaling mediated by CCNG2. Taken together, our results reveal that the CCNG2/RNF123/Dvl2/JNK axis may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of PE through trophoblastic cell function modulation, thus probably providing us with new therapeutic strategies for PE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Sun
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shenghuan Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xuesha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Aplin JD, Myers JE, Timms K, Westwood M. Tracking placental development in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:479-494. [PMID: 32601352 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction arise from disorders of placental development and have some shared mechanistic features. Initiation is often rooted in the maldevelopment of a maternal-placental blood supply capable of providing for the growth requirements of the fetus in later pregnancy, without exerting undue stress on maternal body systems. Here, we review normal development of a placental bed with a safe and adequate blood supply and a villous placenta-blood interface from which nutrients and oxygen can be extracted for the growing fetus. We consider disease mechanisms that are intrinsic to the maternal environment, the placenta or the interaction between the two. Systemic signalling from the endocrine placenta targets the maternal endothelium and multiple organs to adjust metabolism for an optimal pregnancy and later lactation. This signalling capacity is skewed when placental damage occurs and can deliver a dangerous pathogenic stimulus. We discuss the placental secretome including glycoproteins, microRNAs and extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers of disease. Angiomodulatory mediators, currently the only effective biomarkers, are discussed alongside non-invasive imaging approaches to the prediction of disease risk. Identifying the signs of impending pathology early enough to intervene and ameliorate disease in later pregnancy remains a complex and challenging objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Timms
- Lydia Becker Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melissa Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Grant I, Soria R, Julian CG, Vargas E, Moore LG, Aiken CE, Giussani DA. Parental ancestry and risk of early pregnancy loss at high altitude. FASEB J 2020; 34:13741-13749. [PMID: 32856356 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001257r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High altitude pregnancy is associated with increased frequency of low birth weight infants and neonatal complications, the risks of which are higher in women of low-altitude ancestry. Does ancestry also influence the risk of miscarriage (pregnancy loss <20 weeks) in high-altitude pregnancy? To answer this, 5386 women from La Paz, Bolivia (3300-4150 m) with ≥1 live-born infant were identified. Data were extracted from medical records including maternal and paternal ancestry, demographic factors, and reproductive history. The risk of miscarriage by ancestry was assessed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for parity, and maternal age. Andean women experienced first live-births younger than Mestizo or European women (21.7 ± 4.6 vs 23.4 ± 8.0 vs 24.1 ± 5.1, P < .001). Andeans experienced more pregnancies per year of reproductive life (P < .001) and had significantly higher ratios of live-births to miscarriages than women of Mestizo or European ancestry (P < .001). Andean women were 24% less likely to have ever experienced a miscarriage compared to European women (OR:0.76; CI:0.62-0.90, P < .001). The woman's partner's ancestry wasn't a significant independent predictor of miscarriage. In conclusion, the risk of miscarriage at high altitude is lower in Andean women. The lack of a paternal ancestry effect suggests underlying mechanisms relate more to differential maternal adaptation in early pregnancy than fetal genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Grant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Soria
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - C G Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - E Vargas
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - L G Moore
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C E Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Murthi P, Rajaraman G, Erwich JJH, Dimitriadis E. Decreased Placental FPR2 in Early Pregnancies That Later Developed Small-For-Gestation Age: A Potential Role of FPR2 in the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040921. [PMID: 32290034 PMCID: PMC7226808 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported earlier that an anti-inflammatory small peptide receptor-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2) was significantly decreased in placentas from third trimester pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), compared to placentas from uncomplicated control pregnancies, suggesting FPR2 may play a role in the development of FGR. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the actions of FPR2 alters placental growth process in humans. Accordingly, using small-for-gestation age (SGA) as a proxy for FGR, we hypothesize that FPR2 expression is decreased in first-trimester placentas of women who later manifest FGR, and contributes to aberrant trophoblast function and the development of FGR. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) tissues were collected at 10–12 weeks gestation in 70 patients with singleton fetuses; surplus tissue was used. Real-time PCR and immunoassays were performed to quantitate FPR2 gene and protein expression. Silencing of FPR2 was performed in two independent, trophoblast-derived cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 to investigate the functional consequences of FPR2 gene downregulation. FPR2 mRNA relative to 18S rRNA was significantly decreased in placentae from SGA-pregnancies (n = 28) compared with controls (n = 52) (p < 0.0001). Placental FPR2 protein was significantly decreased in SGA compared with control (n = 10 in each group, p < 0.05). Proliferative, migratory and invasive potential of the human placental-derived cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 were significantly reduced in siFPR2 treated cells compared with siCONT control groups. Down-stream signaling molecules, STAT5B and SOCS3 were identified as target genes of FPR2 action in the trophoblast-derived cell lines and in SGA and control chorionic villous tissues. FPR2 is a novel regulator of key molecular pathways and functions in placental development, and its decreased expression in women destined to develop FGR reinforces a placental origin of SGA/FGR, and that it contributes to causing the development of SGA/FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-422-310-708
| | - Gayathri Rajaraman
- First year college, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia;
| | - Jan Jaap H.M. Erwich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
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37
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Oxidative stress: Normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hoch D, Bachbauer M, Pöchlauer C, Algaba-Chueca F, Tandl V, Novakovic B, Megia A, Gauster M, Saffery R, Glasner A, Desoye G, Majali-Martinez A. Maternal Obesity Alters Placental Cell Cycle Regulators in the First Trimester of Human Pregnancy: New Insights for BRCA1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E468. [PMID: 31940810 PMCID: PMC7014057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first trimester of pregnancy, placental development involves a wide range of cellular processes. These include trophoblast proliferation, fusion, and differentiation, which are dependent on tight cell cycle control. The intrauterine environment affects placental development, which also includes the trophoblast cell cycle. In this work, we focus on maternal obesity to assess whether an altered intrauterine milieu modulates expression and protein levels of placental cell cycle regulators in early human pregnancy. For this purpose, we use first trimester placental tissue from lean and obese women (gestational week 5+0-11+6, n = 58). Using a PCR panel, a cell cycle protein array, and STRING database analysis, we identify a network of cell cycle regulators increased by maternal obesity in which breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) is a central player. Immunostaining localizes BRCA1 predominantly to the villous and the extravillous cytotrophoblast. Obesity-driven BRCA1 upregulation is not able to be explained by DNA methylation (EPIC array) or by short-term treatment of chorionic villous explants at 2.5% oxygen with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (50 mg/mL), leptin (100 mg/mL), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (100 mg/mL), or high glucose (25 nM). Oxygen tension rises during the first trimester, but this change in vitro has no effect on BRCA1 (2.5% and 6.5% O2). We conclude that maternal obesity affects placental cell cycle regulation and speculate this may alter placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hoch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.H.); (M.B.); (C.P.); (V.T.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Martina Bachbauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.H.); (M.B.); (C.P.); (V.T.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Caroline Pöchlauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.H.); (M.B.); (C.P.); (V.T.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Francisco Algaba-Chueca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Veronika Tandl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.H.); (M.B.); (C.P.); (V.T.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, 3052 Melbourne, Australia; (B.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Ana Megia
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (F.A.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, 3052 Melbourne, Australia; (B.N.); (R.S.)
| | | | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.H.); (M.B.); (C.P.); (V.T.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Majali-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.H.); (M.B.); (C.P.); (V.T.); (A.M.-M.)
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Abstract
The placenta is essential for normal in utero development in mammals. In humans, defective placental formation underpins common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The great variation in placental types across mammals means that animal models have been of limited use in understanding human placental development. However, new tools for studying human placental development, including 3D organoids, stem cell culture systems and single cell RNA sequencing, have brought new insights into this field. Here, we review the morphological, molecular and functional aspects of human placental formation, with a focus on the defining cell of the placenta - the trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Y Turco
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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40
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Kelley AS, Smith YR, Padmanabhan V. A Narrative Review of Placental Contribution to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5299-5315. [PMID: 31393571 PMCID: PMC6767873 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women. In pregnancy, women with PCOS experience increased risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and extremes of fetal birth weight, and their offspring are predisposed to reproductive and cardiometabolic dysfunction in adulthood. Pregnancy complications, adverse fetal outcomes, and developmental programming of long-term health risks are known to have placental origins. These findings highlight the plausibility of placental compromise in pregnancies of women with PCOS. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A comprehensive PubMed search was performed using terms "polycystic ovary syndrome," "placenta," "developmental programming," "hyperandrogenism," "androgen excess," "insulin resistance," "hyperinsulinemia," "pregnancy," and "pregnancy complications" in both human and animal experimental models. CONCLUSIONS There is limited human placental research specific to pregnancy of women with PCOS. Gestational androgen excess and insulin resistance are two clinical hallmarks of PCOS that may contribute to placental dysfunction and underlie the higher rates of maternal-fetal complications observed in pregnancies of women with PCOS. Additional research is needed to prevent adverse maternal and developmental outcomes in women with PCOS and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Vasantha Padmanabhan, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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41
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Zhu Y, Liu Q, Liao M, Diao L, Wu T, Liao W, Wang Z, Li B, Zhang S, Wang S, Xie W, Jiang Y, Xu N, Zeng Y, Yang BB, Zhang Y. Overexpression of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 Induces Metabolic Reprogramming in Trophoblast Cells and Placenta Tissue of Miscarriage. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:518-532. [PMID: 31671345 PMCID: PMC6838551 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be crucial regulators in numerous human diseases. However, little is known about their effects on early recurrent miscarriage (RM). Here we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 on placental trophoblast cell metabolic reprogramming, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of RM. After microarray and GEO database analyses, we found that EPB41L4A-AS1 was significantly increased in early RM placental tissue, and this increase may relate to estradiol-mediated upregulation of PGC-1α. EPB41L4A-AS1 overexpression inhibits glycolysis but increases the dependence on fatty acid oxidation in mitochondrion metabolism and suppresses the Warburg effect, which is necessary for rapid growth of the placental villus, leading to miscarriage. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that EPB41L4A-AS1 functions as a lncRNA in the regulation of VDAC1 and HIF-1α expression through enhancement of H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of VDAC1 and HIF1A-AS1, a natural antisense transcript (NAT) lncRNA of HIF-1α. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that aberrant expression of EPB41L4A-AS1 is involved in the etiology of early RM, and it may be a candidate diagnostic hallmark and a potential therapeutic target for early RM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Meijian Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Preimplantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Tonghua Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Preimplantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Songmao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Naihan Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Preimplantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yaou Zhang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
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42
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Johnson M. Human in vitro fertilisation and developmental biology: a mutually influential history. Development 2019; 146:146/17/dev183145. [PMID: 31488509 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the origins and development of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and how it was influenced by, and influenced, basic research in developmental biology. It describes the technical and social challenges that confronted the pioneers in this field of study, and the considerable progress that has been made since those early days. It also considers how IVF has contributed, and continues to contribute, to our understanding of early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
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43
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Nonn O, Güttler J, Forstner D, Maninger S, Zadora J, Balogh A, Frolova A, Glasner A, Herse F, Gauster M. Placental CX3CL1 is Deregulated by Angiotensin II and Contributes to a Pro-Inflammatory Trophoblast-Monocyte Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030641. [PMID: 30717334 PMCID: PMC6387455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, which is a chemokine involved in many aspects of human pregnancy, is a membrane-bound chemokine shed into circulation as a soluble isoform. Placental CX3CL1 is induced by inflammatory cytokines and is upregulated in severe early-onset preeclampsia. In this study, the hypothesis was addressed whether angiotensin II can deregulate placental CX3CL1 expression, and whether CX3CL1 can promote a pro-inflammatory status of monocytes. qPCR analysis of human placenta samples (n = 45) showed stable expression of CX3CL1 and the angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 throughout the first trimester, but did not show a correlation between both or any influence of maternal age, BMI, and gestational age. Angiotensin II incubation of placental explants transiently deregulated CX3CL1 expression, while the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan reversed this effect. Overexpression of recombinant human CX3CL1 in SGHPL-4 trophoblasts increased adhesion of THP-1 monocytes and significantly increased IL8, CCL19, and CCL13 in co-cultures with human primary monocytes. Incubation of primary monocytes with CX3CL1 and subsequent global transcriptome analysis of CD16+ subsets revealed 81 upregulated genes, including clusterin, lipocalin-2, and the leptin receptor. Aldosterone synthase, osteopontin, and cortisone reductase were some of the 66 downregulated genes present. These data suggest that maternal angiotensin II levels influence placental CX3CL1 expression, which, in turn, can affect monocyte to trophoblast adhesion. Release of placental CX3CL1 could promote the pro-inflammatory status of the CD16+ subset of maternal monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Nonn
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Jacqueline Güttler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Désirée Forstner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabine Maninger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Julianna Zadora
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - András Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alina Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | - Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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44
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Jensen OE, Chernyavsky IL. Blood flow and transport in the human placenta. ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS 2019; 51:25-47. [PMID: 38410641 PMCID: PMC7615669 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The placenta is a multi-functional organ that exchanges blood gases and nutrients between a mother and her developing fetus. In humans, fetal blood flows through intricate networks of vessels confined within villous trees, the branches of which are bathed in pools of maternal blood. Fluid mechanics and transport processes play a central role in understanding how these elaborate structures contribute to the function of the placenta, and how their disorganization may lead to disease. Recent advances in imaging and computation have spurred significant advances in simulations of fetal and maternal flows within the placenta, across a range of lengthscales. Models describe jets of maternal blood emerging from spiral arteries into a disordered and deformable porous medium, and solute uptake by fetal blood flowing through elaborate three-dimensional capillary networks. We survey recent developments and emerging challenges in modeling flow and transport in this complex organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor L. Chernyavsky
- School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental
Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine
& Health, University of Manchester, UK
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45
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Lumbers ER, Delforce SJ, Arthurs AL, Pringle KG. Causes and Consequences of the Dysregulated Maternal Renin-Angiotensin System in Preeclampsia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:563. [PMID: 31551925 PMCID: PMC6746881 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy pregnancy outcome depends on the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as a regulated, integrated response to the growing demands of the conceptus. Both the circulating RAAS and the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (iRAS) play major roles in cardiovascular function and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The circulating RAAS becomes dysfunctional in preeclampsia and we propose that dysregulation of the iRAS plays a role in development of the clinical syndrome known as preeclampsia. Experimental studies in animals have shown that placental renin, when released into the maternal circulation, can cause hypertension. We postulate that abnormal placental development is associated with over-secretion of renin and other RAS proteins/angiotensin (Ang) peptides by the placenta/decidua into the maternal circulation. We hypothesise that this is because of increased shedding of exosomes and other placental particles into the maternal circulation that not only contain RAS proteins and peptides but also microRNAs (miRNAs) that target RAS mRNAs, and Ang II type 1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1R-AAs), that are agonists for, and have the same actions as, Ang II. As a result, there is both suppression of the circulating RAAS that is responsible for maintaining maternal homeostasis and activation of the iRAS. Together with altered vascular reactivity to Ang peptides, the iRAS causes hypertension, renal damage and secondary changes in the neurohumoral control of the maternal circulation and fluid and electrolyte balance, which contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie R. Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Eugenie R. Lumbers
| | - Sarah J. Delforce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
| | - Anya L. Arthurs
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kirsty G. Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NSW, Australia
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46
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Ranzil S, Walker DW, Borg AJ, Wallace EM, Ebeling PR, Murthi P. The relationship between the placental serotonin pathway and fetal growth restriction. Biochimie 2018; 161:80-87. [PMID: 30605696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex disorder of human pregnancy that leads to poor health outcomes in offspring. These range from immediate risks such as perinatal morbidity and stillbirths, to long-term complications including severe neurodevelopmental problems. Despite its relatively high global prevalence, the aetiology of FGR and its complications is not currently well understood. We now know that serotonin (5-HT) is synthesised in the placenta and is crucial for early fetal forebrain development in mice. However, the contribution of a disrupted placental 5-HT synthetic pathway to the pathophysiology of placental insufficiency in FGR and its significant fetal neurodevelopmental complications are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveena Ranzil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anthony J Borg
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Padma Murthi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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47
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Ewington LJ, Tewary S, Brosens JJ. New insights into the mechanisms underlying recurrent pregnancy loss. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 45:258-265. [PMID: 30328240 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as multiple consecutive miscarriages, is a devastating disorder for which there are no good treatment options. Two opposing paradigms have emerged to explain RPL. The prevailing clinical viewpoint is that RPL is caused by a spectrum of subclinical disorders, ranging from thrombophilia to anatomical, endocrine and immunological disorders, that somehow converge on a 'fragile' early pregnancy state, leading to miscarriage. A new paradigm, based on emerging concepts around early implantation events, challenges the conventional thinking around RPL. It purports that the high incidence of embryonic aneuploidies and mosaicism coupled with a cycling endometrium necessitates the introduction of multiple 'quality control' checkpoints in the first trimester of pregnancy to limit maternal investment in a failing pregnancy. Here we review the evidence underpinning both paradigms and examine how new thinking around RPL may lead to more effective preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Ewington
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Shreeya Tewary
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
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48
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Fajersztajn L, Veras MM. Hypoxia: From Placental Development to Fetal Programming. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1377-1385. [PMID: 29105382 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia may influence normal and different pathological processes. Low oxygenation activates a variety of responses, many of them regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 complex, which is mostly involved in cellular control of O2 consumption and delivery, inhibition of growth and development, and promotion of anaerobic metabolism. Hypoxia plays a significant physiological role in fetal development; it is involved in different embryonic processes, for example, placentation, angiogenesis, and hematopoiesis. More recently, fetal hypoxia has been associated directly or indirectly with fetal programming of heart, brain, and kidney function and metabolism in adulthood. In this review, the role of hypoxia in fetal development, placentation, and fetal programming is summarized. Hypoxia is a basic mechanism involved in different pregnancy disorders and fetal health developmental complications. Although there are scientific data showing that hypoxia mediates changes in the growth trajectory of the fetus, modulates gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms, and determines the health status later in adulthood, more mechanistic studies are needed. Furthermore, if we consider that intrauterine hypoxia is not a rare event, and can be a consequence of unavoidable exposures to air pollution, nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and other very common conditions (drug addiction and stress), the health of future generations may be damaged and the incidence of some diseases will markedly increase as a consequence of disturbed fetal programming. Birth Defects Research 109:1377-1385, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Fajersztajn
- LIM 05 Departamento de Patologia, Hospital da Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- LIM 05 Departamento de Patologia, Hospital da Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
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49
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Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Development of the Human Placenta and Fetal Heart: Synergic or Independent? Front Physiol 2018; 9:373. [PMID: 29706899 PMCID: PMC5906582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the largest fetal organ, and toward the end of pregnancy the umbilical circulation receives at least 40% of the biventricular cardiac output. It is not surprising, therefore, that there are likely to be close haemodynamic links between the development of the placenta and the fetal heart. Development of the placenta is precocious, and in advance of that of the fetus. The placenta undergoes considerable remodeling at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy, and its vasculature is capable of adapting to environmental conditions and to variations in the blood supply received from the mother. There are two components to the placental membranes to consider, the secondary yolk sac and the chorioallantoic placenta. The yolk sac is the first of the extraembryonic membranes to be vascularized, and condensations in the mesenchyme at ~17 days post-conception (p.c.) give rise to endothelial and erythroid precursors. A network of blood vessels is established ~24 days p.c., with the vitelline vein draining through the region of the developing liver into the sinus venosus. Gestational sacs of early pregnancy failures often display aberrant development of the yolk sac, which is likely to be secondary to abnormal fetal development. Vasculogenesis occurs in the villous mesenchyme of the chorioallantoic placenta at a similarly early stage. Nucleated erythrocytes occupy the lumens of the placental capillaries and end-diastolic flow is absent in the umbilical arterial circulation throughout most of the first trimester, indicating a high resistance to blood flow. Resistance begins to fall in the umbilico-placental circulation around 12–14 weeks. During normal early pregnancy the placental capillary network is plastic, and considerable remodeling occurs in response to the local oxygen concentration, and in particular to oxidative stress. In pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction, utero-placental malperfusion induces smooth muscle cells surrounding the placental arteries to dedifferentiate and adopt a proliferative phenotype. This change is associated with increased umbilical resistance measured by Doppler ultrasound, and is likely to exert a major effect on the developing heart through the afterload. Thus, both the umbilical and maternal placental circulations may impact on development of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Metabolic Pathways of the Warburg Effect in Health and Disease: Perspectives of Choice, Chain or Chance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122755. [PMID: 29257069 PMCID: PMC5751354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focus on the Warburg effect, initially descriptive of increased glycolysis in cancer cells, has served to illuminate mitochondrial function in many other pathologies. This review explores our current understanding of the Warburg effect’s role in cancer, diabetes and ageing. We highlight how it can be regulated through a chain of oncogenic events, as a chosen response to impaired glucose metabolism or by chance acquisition of genetic changes associated with ageing. Such chain, choice or chance perspectives can be extended to help understand neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease, providing clues with scope for therapeutic intervention. It is anticipated that exploration of Warburg effect pathways in extreme conditions, such as deep space, will provide further insights crucial for comprehending complex metabolic diseases, a frontier for medicine that remains equally significant for humanity in space and on earth.
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