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Luo S, Zheng S, Li Z, Cao J, Wang B, Xu Y, Chong K. Monosaccharide transporter OsMST6 is activated by transcription factor OsERF120 to enhance chilling tolerance in rice seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4038-4051. [PMID: 38490694 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Chilling stress caused by extreme weather is threatening global rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Identifying components of the signal transduction pathways underlying chilling tolerance in rice would advance molecular breeding. Here, we report that OsMST6, which encodes a monosaccharide transporter, positively regulates the chilling tolerance of rice seedlings. mst6 mutants showed hypersensitivity to chilling, while OsMST6 overexpression lines were tolerant. During chilling stress, OsMST6 transported more glucose into cells to modulate sugar and abscisic acid signaling pathways. We showed that the transcription factor OsERF120 could bind to the DRE/CRT element of the OsMST6 promoter and activate the expression of OsMST6 to positively regulate chilling tolerance. Genetically, OsERF120 was functionally dependent on OsMST6 when promoting chilling tolerance. In summary, OsERF120 and OsMST6 form a new downstream chilling regulatory pathway in rice in response to chilling stress, providing valuable findings for molecular breeding aimed at achieving global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu T, Dong L, Wang E, Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Xu S, Liang Z, Ma H, Nie B, Song B. StHAB1, a negative regulatory factor in abscisic acid signaling, plays crucial roles in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6708-6721. [PMID: 37479226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is critical in drought tolerance and plant growth. Group A protein type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) are negative regulators of ABA signaling and plant adaptation to stress. Knowledge about the functions of potato group A PP2Cs is limited. Here, we report that the potato group A PP2C StHAB1 is broadly expressed in potato plants and strongly induced by ABA and drought. Suppression of StHAB1 enhanced potato ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance, whereas overexpression of the dominant mutant StHAB1G276D compromised ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance. StHAB1 interacts with almost all ABA receptors and the Snf1-Related Kinase OST1. Suppressing StHAB1 and overexpressing StHAB1G276D alter potato growth morphology; notably, overexpression of StHAB1G276D causes excessive shoot branching. RNA-sequencing analyses identified that the auxin efflux carrier genes StPIN3, StPIN5, and StPIN8 were up-regulated in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds. Correspondingly, the auxin concentration was reduced in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds, consistent with the role of auxin in repressing lateral branch outgrowth. The expression of BRANCHED1s (StBRC1a and StBRC1b) was unchanged in StHAB1G276D-overexpressing axillary buds, suggesting that StHAB1G276D overexpression does not cause axillary bud outgrowth via regulation of BRC1 expression. Our findings demonstrate that StHAB1 is vital in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liepeng Dong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Enshuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Shijing Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Bihua Nie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Parmagnani AS, Kanchiswamy CN, Paponov IA, Bossi S, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Bacterial Volatiles (mVOC) Emitted by the Phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora Promote Arabidopsis thaliana Growth and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030600. [PMID: 36978848 PMCID: PMC10045578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens are well known for their devastating activity that causes worldwide significant crop losses. However, their exploitation for crop welfare is relatively unknown. Here, we show that the microbial volatile organic compound (mVOC) profile of the bacterial phytopathogen, Erwinia amylovora, enhances Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root growth. GC-MS head-space analyses revealed the presence of typical microbial volatiles, including 1-nonanol and 1-dodecanol. E. amylovora mVOCs triggered early signaling events including plasma transmembrane potential Vm depolarization, cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuation, K+-gated channel activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) burst from few minutes to 16 h upon exposure. These early events were followed by the modulation of the expression of genes involved in plant growth and defense responses and responsive to phytohormones, including abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin (including the efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN3). When tested, synthetic 1-nonanol and 1-dodecanol induced root growth and modulated genes coding for ROS. Our results show that E. amylovora mVOCs affect A. thaliana growth through a cascade of early and late signaling events that involve phytohormones and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra S. Parmagnani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ivan A. Paponov
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Bossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5967
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A Combination of a Genome-Wide Association Study and a Transcriptome Analysis Reveals circRNAs as New Regulators Involved in the Response to Salt Stress in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179755. [PMID: 36077153 PMCID: PMC9456493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinization seriously threatens the normal growth of maize, especially at the seedling stage. Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in the regulation of plant stress resistance. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the survival rate of 300 maize accessions under a salt stress treatment. A total of 5 trait-associated SNPs and 86 candidate genes were obtained by the GWAS. We performed RNA sequencing for 28 transcriptome libraries derived from 2 maize lines with contrasting salt tolerance under normal and salt treatment conditions. A total of 1217 highly expressed circRNAs were identified, of which 371 were responsive to a salt treatment. Using PCR and Sanger sequencing, we verified the reliability of these differentially expressed circRNAs. An integration of the GWAS and RNA-Seq analyses uncovered two differentially expressed hub genes (Zm00001eb013650 and Zm00001eb198930), which were regulated by four circRNAs. Based on these results, we constructed a regulation model of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA that mediated salt stress tolerance in maize. By conducting hub gene-based association analyses, we detected a favorable haplotype in Zm00001eb198930, which was responsible for high salt tolerance. These results help to clarify the regulatory relationship between circRNAs and their target genes as well as to develop salt-tolerant lines for maize breeding.
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Yi F, Huo M, Li J, Yu J. Time-series transcriptomics reveals a drought-responsive temporal network and crosstalk between drought stress and the circadian clock in foxtail millet. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1213-1228. [PMID: 35262997 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a serious factor affecting crop growth and production worldwide. The circadian clock has been identified as key to improving regional adaptability of plants. However, our understanding of the contribution of the circadian clock to drought response and the impacts of drought stress on the circadian clock in plants is still limited. To explore the interactions between the circadian clock and drought stress, foxtail millet seedlings were treated with simulated drought (20% polyethylene glycol-6000) treatment starting at the day (DD) onset zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0, lights on) and at the night (DN) onset zeitgeber time 16 (ZT16, lights off). A high temporal-resolution transcriptomic investigation was performed using DD and DN samples collected at intervals of 2 or 4 h within a 24-h drought-treatment period. Overall, we identified 13 294 drought-responsive genes (DRGs). Among these DRGs, 7931 were common between DD and DN samples, 2638 were specific to DD, and 2725 were specific to DN. Additionally, we identified 1257 circadian genes, of which 67% were DRGs. Interestingly, with drought treatment starting at the day for 8, 12 or 16 h, the circadian phase shifted to 12 h. We also found that the circadian clock led to different day and night drought-responsive pathways. The identification of DRG_Clock (DRG and circadian clock) and DRG_NonClock (DRG and not circadian clock) genes provides a reference for selecting candidate drought resistance genes. Our work reveals the temporal drought-response process and crosstalk between drought stress and the circadian clock in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Zhang R, Zhi H, Li Y, Guo E, Feng G, Tang S, Guo W, Zhang L, Jia G, Diao X. Response of Multiple Tissues to Drought Revealed by a Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Foxtail Millet [ Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:746166. [PMID: 35095942 PMCID: PMC8790073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of drought-tolerance mechanisms during the jointing stage in foxtail millet under water-limited conditions is essential for improving the grain yield of this C4 crop species. In this trial, two drought-tolerant and two drought-sensitive cultivars were examined using transcriptomic dissections of three tissues (root, stem, and leaf) under naturally occurring water-limited conditions. We detected a total of 32,170 expressed genes and characterized 13,552 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) correlated with drought treatment. The majority of DEGs were identified in the root tissue, followed by leaf and stem tissues, and the number of DEGs identified in the stems of drought-sensitive cultivars was about two times higher than the drought-tolerant ones. A total of 127 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) with different drought-responsive patterns were identified between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes (including MYB, b-ZIP, ERF, and WRKY). Furthermore, a total of 34 modules were constructed for all expressed genes using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and seven modules were closely related to the drought treatment. A total of 1,343 hub genes (including RAB18, LEA14, and RD22) were detected in the drought-related module, and cell cycle and DNA replication-related transcriptional pathways were identified as vital regulators of drought tolerance in foxtail millet. The results of this study provide a comprehensive overview of how Setaria italica copes with drought-inflicted environments during the jointing stage through transcriptional regulating strategies in different organs and lays a foundation for the improvement of drought-tolerant cereal cultivars through genomic editing approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Research Institute of Millet, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Erhu Guo
- Research Institute of Millet, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guojun Feng
- Research Institute of Grain Crop, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixia Guo
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li K, Wang J, Kuang L, Tian Z, Wang X, Dun X, Tu J, Wang H. Genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis reveal key genes affecting root growth dynamics in rapeseed. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:178. [PMID: 34507599 PMCID: PMC8431925 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In terms of global demand, rapeseed is the third-largest oilseed crop after soybeans and palm, which produces vegetable oil for human consumption and biofuel for industrial production. Roots are vital organs for plant to absorb water and attain mineral nutrients, thus they are of great importance to plant productivity. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating root development in rapeseed remain unclear. In the present study, seven root-related traits and shoot biomass traits in 280 Brassica napus accessions at five continuous vegetative stages were measured to establish the genetic basis of root growth in rapeseed. RESULTS The persistent and stage-specific genetic mechanisms were revealed by root dynamic analysis. Sixteen persistent and 32 stage-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) clusters were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Root samples with contrasting (slow and fast) growth rates throughout the investigated stages and those with obvious stage-specific changes in growth rates were subjected to transcriptome analysis. A total of 367 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with persistent differential expressions throughout root development were identified, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in GO terms, such as energy metabolism and response to biotic or abiotic stress. Totally, 485 stage-specific DEGs with different expressions at specific stage were identified, and these DEGs were enriched in GO terms, such as nitrogen metabolism. Four candidate genes were identified as key persistent genetic factors and eight as stage-specific ones by integrating GWAS, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and differential expression analysis. These candidate genes were speculated to regulate root system development, and they were less than 100 kb away from peak SNPs of QTL clusters. The homologs of three genes (BnaA03g52990D, BnaA06g37280D, and BnaA09g07580D) out of 12 candidate genes have been reported to regulate root development in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen QTL clusters and four candidate genes controlling persistently root development, and 32 QTL clusters and eight candidate genes stage-specifically regulating root growth in rapeseed were detected in this study. Our results provide new insights into the temporal genetic mechanisms of root growth by identifying key candidate QTL/genes in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqi Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Ze Tian
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062 China
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Li M, Yang Y, Raza A, Yin S, Wang H, Zhang Y, Dong J, Wang G, Zhong C, Zhang H, Liu J, Jin W. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis thaliana rty gene in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) improves drought tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33478380 PMCID: PMC7818561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important fruit crop worldwide. It was particularly sensitive to drought stress because of their fibrous and shallow root systems. Mutant rty of Arabidopsis thaliana ROOTY (RTY) results in increased endogenous auxin levels, more roots, and shoot growth. It is still unclear whether the rty gene improves stress tolerance in strawberry. RESULTS rty gene was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in the pBI121-rty binary vector carrying the selectable marker of neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II). Seven transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR and western blot analysis. Accumulations of IAA and ABA were significantly increased in the transgenic plants. The endogenous IAA contents were 46.5 ng g- 1 and 66.0 ng g- 1in control and transgenic plants respectively. The endogenous ABA contents in the control plant were 236.3 ng g- 1 and in transgenic plants were 543.8 ng g- 1. The production of adventitious roots and trichomes were enhanced in the transgenic plants. Furthermore, transcript levels of the genes including IAA and ABA biosynthetic, and stress-responsive genes, were higher in the transgenic plants than in the control plants under drought conditions. Water use efficiency and a reduced water loss rate were enhanced in the transgenic strawberry plants. Additionally, peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly higher in the transgenic plants than in the control plants. The experiment results revealed a novel function for rty related to ABA and drought responses. CONCLUSIONS The rty gene improved hormone-mediated drought tolerance in transgenic strawberry. The heterologous expression of rty in strawberry improved drought tolerance by promoting auxin and ABA accumulation. These phytohormones together brought about various physiological changes that improved drought tolerance via increased root production, trichome density, and stomatal closure. Our results suggested that a transgenic approach can be used to overcome the inherent trade-off between plant growth and drought tolerance by enhancing water use efficiency and reducing water loss rate under water shortage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfei Zhong
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Jiashen Liu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, P. R. China.
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Kang D, Ahn H, Lee S, Lee CJ, Hur J, Jung W, Kim S. StressGenePred: a twin prediction model architecture for classifying the stress types of samples and discovering stress-related genes in arabidopsis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:949. [PMID: 31856731 PMCID: PMC6923958 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a number of studies have been conducted to investigate how plants respond to stress at the cellular molecular level by measuring gene expression profiles over time. As a result, a set of time-series gene expression data for the stress response are available in databases. With the data, an integrated analysis of multiple stresses is possible, which identifies stress-responsive genes with higher specificity because considering multiple stress can capture the effect of interference between stresses. To analyze such data, a machine learning model needs to be built. Results In this study, we developed StressGenePred, a neural network-based machine learning method, to integrate time-series transcriptome data of multiple stress types. StressGenePred is designed to detect single stress-specific biomarker genes by using a simple feature embedding method, a twin neural network model, and Confident Multiple Choice Learning (CMCL) loss. The twin neural network model consists of a biomarker gene discovery and a stress type prediction model that share the same logical layer to reduce training complexity. The CMCL loss is used to make the twin model select biomarker genes that respond specifically to a single stress. In experiments using Arabidopsis gene expression data for four major environmental stresses, such as heat, cold, salt, and drought, StressGenePred classified the types of stress more accurately than the limma feature embedding method and the support vector machine and random forest classification methods. In addition, StressGenePred discovered known stress-related genes with higher specificity than the Fisher method. Conclusions StressGenePred is a machine learning method for identifying stress-related genes and predicting stress types for an integrated analysis of multiple stress time-series transcriptome data. This method can be used to other phenotype-gene associated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongryul Ahn
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseon Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chai-Jin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hur
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosuk Jung
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Sun B, Zhao Y, Shi S, Yang M, Xiao K. TaZFP1, a C2H2 type-ZFP gene of T. aestivum, mediates salt stress tolerance of plants by modulating diverse stress-defensive physiological processes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:127-142. [PMID: 30665058 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress suppresses plant growth, development, and crop productivity. In this study, we characterized the role of TaZFP1, a C2H2 type-zinc finger protein family member of T. aestivum, in salt stress tolerance. TaZFP1 possesses a conserved C2H2 motif (CX2-4CX12HX3-5H) shared by plant ZFP proteins, translocates to the nucleus after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assortment, and displays a ZF 3-D structure similar to its eukaryote homologs. The transcripts of TaZFP1 were upregulated during salt stress condition and this effect was restored under normal conditions. Compared to wild type (WT), the transgenic lines of TaZFP1 overexpression or knockdown displayed improved phenotypes, biomass, photosynthesis parameters (Pn, ΨPSII, and NPQ), osmolytes contents (i.e. proline and soluble sugar), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme (AE) activity following salt stress treatment. A set of genes associated with proline synthesis (i.e., NtP5CS1 and NtP5CS2) and encoding AEs (i.e., NtSOD2, NtCAT1, and NtPOD4) were upregulated in the salt-challenged transgenic lines of TaZFP1 expression. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited similar stomata movement patterns and leaf water retention properties under salinity conditions compared to those induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting that the TaZFP1-mediated salt response is dependent on the ABA signaling. High throughput RNAseq analysis revealed significant alteration of gene transcription in transgenic lines upon salt stress. Among them, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) represented by the gene ontology (GO) terms were associated with organic acid, carboxylic acid, carbohydrate, and coenzyme as well as organonitrogen compounds, translation, peptide metabolism, and peptide biosynthesis. A set of upregulated DEGs were found to be thylakoid- and photosystem-associated, which is consistent with the TaZFP1-mediated improvement in photosynthesis in salt-stressed transgenic lines. Our investigation indicated that the TaZFP1-mediated salt tolerance is ascribed to the regulation of gene functions related to photosynthesis, osmolytes metabolism and ROS homeostasis mediated by ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Yingjia Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Shuya Shi
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Mengya Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Kai Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, PR China.
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11
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The Complex Fine-Tuning of K⁺ Fluxes in Plants in Relation to Osmotic and Ionic Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030715. [PMID: 30736441 PMCID: PMC6387338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main cation in plant cells, potassium plays an essential role in adaptive responses, especially through its involvement in osmotic pressure and membrane potential adjustments. K+ homeostasis must, therefore, be finely controlled. As a result of different abiotic stresses, especially those resulting from global warming, K⁺ fluxes and plant distribution of this ion are disturbed. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key player in responses to these climate stresses. It triggers signaling cascades that ultimately lead to modulation of the activities of K⁺ channels and transporters. After a brief overview of transcriptional changes induced by abiotic stresses, this review deals with the post-translational molecular mechanisms in different plant organs, in Arabidopsis and species of agronomical interest, triggering changes in K⁺ uptake from the soil, K⁺ transport and accumulation throughout the plant, and stomatal regulation. These modifications involve phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms, modifications of targeting, and interactions with regulatory partner proteins. Interestingly, many signaling pathways are common to K⁺ and Cl-/NO3- counter-ion transport systems. These cross-talks are also addressed.
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12
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Waadt R, Jawurek E, Hashimoto K, Li Y, Scholz M, Krebs M, Czap G, Hong-Hermesdorf A, Hippler M, Grill E, Kudla J, Schumacher K. Modulation of ABA responses by the protein kinase WNK8. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:339-351. [PMID: 30556127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates growth and developmental processes in response to limiting water conditions. ABA functions through a core signaling pathway consisting of PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), and SnRK2-type protein kinases. Other signaling modules might converge with ABA signals through the modulation of core ABA signaling components. We have investigated the role of the protein kinase WNK8 in ABA signaling. WNK8 interacted with PP2CA and PYR1, phosphorylated PYR1 in vitro, and was dephosphorylated by PP2CA. A hypermorphic wnk8-ct Arabidopsis mutant allele suppressed ABA and glucose hypersensitivities of pp2ca-1 mutants during young seedling development, and WNK8 expression in protoplasts suppressed ABA-induced reporter gene expression. We conclude that WNK8 functions as a negative modulator of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Jawurek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gereon Czap
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne Hong-Hermesdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 57:2367-2379. [PMID: 30149541 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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14
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092506. [PMID: 30149541 PMCID: PMC6165531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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15
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Combinatorial interaction network of abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10280-10285. [PMID: 28874521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706593114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is induced in response to abiotic stress to mediate plant acclimation to environmental challenge. Key players of the ABA-signaling pathway are the ABA-binding receptors (RCAR/PYR1/PYL), which, together with a plant-specific subclade of protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), form functional holoreceptors. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine PP2C coreceptors and 14 different RCARs, which can be divided into three subfamilies. The presence of these gene families in higher plants points to the existence of an intriguing regulatory network and poses questions as to the functional compatibility and specificity of receptor-coreceptor interactions. Here, we analyzed all RCAR-PP2C combinations for their capacity to regulate ABA signaling by transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Of 126 possible RCAR-PP2C pairings, 113 were found to be functional. The three subfamilies within the RCAR family showed different sensitivities to regulating the ABA response at basal ABA levels when efficiently expressed. At exogenous high ABA levels, the RCARs regulated most PP2Cs and activated the ABA response to a similar extent. The PP2C AHG1 was regulated only by RCAR1/PYL9, RCAR2/PYL7, and RCAR3/PYL8, which are characterized by a unique tyrosine residue. Site-directed mutagenesis of RCAR1 showed that its tyrosine residue is critical for AHG1 interaction and regulation. Furthermore, the PP2Cs HAI1 to HAI3 were regulated by all RCARs, and the ABA receptor RCAR4/PYL10 showed ABA-dependent PP2C regulation. The findings unravel the interaction network of possible RCAR-PP2C pairings and their different potentials to serve a rheostat function for integrating fluctuating hormone levels into the ABA-response pathway.
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16
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Pathogen exploitation of an abscisic acid- and jasmonate-inducible MAPK phosphatase and its interception by Arabidopsis immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7456-7461. [PMID: 28652328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702613114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens promote virulence by, for example, exploiting signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate (JA). Some plants can counteract pathogen virulence by invoking a potent form of immunity called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we report that ABA and JA mediate inactivation of the immune-associated MAP kinases (MAPKs), MPK3 and MPK6, in Arabidopsis thaliana ABA induced expression of genes encoding the protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), HAI1, HAI2, and HAI3 through ABF/AREB transcription factors. These three HAI PP2Cs interacted with MPK3 and MPK6 and were required for ABA-mediated MPK3/MPK6 inactivation and immune suppression. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 activates ABA signaling and produces a JA-mimicking phytotoxin, coronatine (COR), that promotes virulence. We found that Pto DC3000 induces HAI1 through COR-mediated activation of MYC2, a master transcription factor in JA signaling. HAI1 dephosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro and was necessary for COR-mediated suppression of MPK3/MPK6 activation and immunity. Intriguingly, upon ETI activation, A. thaliana plants overcame the HAI1-dependent virulence of COR by blocking JA signaling. Finally, we showed conservation of induction of HAI PP2Cs by ABA and JA in other Brassicaceae species. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA and JA signaling pathways, which are hijacked by the bacterial pathogen, converge on the HAI PP2Cs that suppress activation of the immune-associated MAPKs. Also, our data unveil interception of JA-signaling activation as a host counterstrategy against the bacterial suppression of MAPKs during ETI.
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17
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Tarancón C, González-Grandío E, Oliveros JC, Nicolas M, Cubas P. A Conserved Carbon Starvation Response Underlies Bud Dormancy in Woody and Herbaceous Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:788. [PMID: 28588590 PMCID: PMC5440562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoot systems give rise to characteristic above-ground plant architectures. Shoots are formed from axillary meristems and buds, whose growth and development is modulated by systemic and local signals. These cues convey information about nutrient and water availability, light quality, sink/source organ activity and other variables that determine the timeliness and competence to maintain development of new shoots. This information is translated into a local response, in meristems and buds, of growth or quiescence. Although some key genes involved in the onset of bud latency have been identified, the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlled by these genes are not well defined. Moreover, it has not been determined whether bud dormancy induced by environmental cues, such as a low red-to-far-red light ratio, shares genetic mechanisms with bud latency induced by other causes, such as apical dominance or a short-day photoperiod. Furthermore, the evolution and conservation of these GRNs throughout angiosperms is not well established. We have reanalyzed public transcriptomic datasets that compare quiescent and active axillary buds of Arabidopsis, with datasets of axillary buds of the woody species Vitis vinifera (grapevine) and apical buds of Populus tremula x Populus alba (poplar) during the bud growth-to-dormancy transition. Our aim was to identify potentially common GRNs induced during the process that leads to bud para-, eco- and endodormancy. In Arabidopsis buds that are entering eco- or paradormancy, we have identified four induced interrelated GRNs that correspond to a carbon (C) starvation syndrome, typical of tissues undergoing low C supply. This response is also detectable in poplar and grapevine buds before and during the transition to dormancy. In all eukaryotes, C-limiting conditions are coupled to growth arrest and latency like that observed in dormant axillary buds. Bud dormancy might thus be partly a consequence of the underlying C starvation syndrome triggered by environmental and endogenous cues that anticipate or signal conditions unfavorable for sustained shoot growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tarancón
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Grandío
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Oliveros
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
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18
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Song L, Huang SSC, Wise A, Castanon R, Nery JR, Chen H, Watanabe M, Thomas J, Bar-Joseph Z, Ecker JR. A transcription factor hierarchy defines an environmental stress response network. Science 2017; 354:354/6312/aag1550. [PMID: 27811239 PMCID: PMC5217750 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are universally encountered by microbes, plants, and animals. Yet systematic studies of stress-responsive transcription factor (TF) networks in multicellular organisms have been limited. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) influences the expression of thousands of genes, allowing us to characterize complex stress-responsive regulatory networks. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we identified genome-wide targets of 21 ABA-related TFs to construct a comprehensive regulatory network in Arabidopsis thaliana Determinants of dynamic TF binding and a hierarchy among TFs were defined, illuminating the relationship between differential gene expression patterns and ABA pathway feedback regulation. By extrapolating regulatory characteristics of observed canonical ABA pathway components, we identified a new family of transcriptional regulators modulating ABA and salt responsiveness and demonstrated their utility to modulate plant resilience to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shao-Shan Carol Huang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Wise
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rosa Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marina Watanabe
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerushah Thomas
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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19
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Yu X, Jiang L, Wu R, Meng X, Zhang A, Li N, Xia Q, Qi X, Pang J, Xu ZY, Liu B. The Core Subunit of A Chromatin-Remodeling Complex, ZmCHB101, Plays Essential Roles in Maize Growth and Development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38504. [PMID: 27917953 PMCID: PMC5137073 DOI: 10.1038/srep38504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play essential roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes by formulating a DNA template that is accessible to the general transcription apparatus. Although the function of chromatin remodelers in plant development has been studied in A. thaliana, how it affects growth and development of major crops (e.g., maize) remains uninvestigated. Combining genetic, genomic and bioinformatic analyses, we show here that the maize core subunit of chromatin remodeling complex, ZmCHB101, plays essential roles in growth and development of maize at both vegetative and reproductive stages. Independent ZmCHB101 RNA interference plant lines displayed abaxially curling leaf phenotype due to increase of bulliform cell numbers, and showed impaired development of tassel and cob. RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling revealed that ZmCHB101 dictated transcriptional reprogramming of a significant set of genes involved in plant development, photosynthesis, metabolic regulation, stress response and gene expressional regulation. Intriguingly, we found that ZmCHB101 was required for maintaining normal nucleosome density and 45 S rDNA compaction. Our findings suggest that the SWI3 protein, ZmCHB101, plays pivotal roles in maize normal growth and development via regulation of chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.,School of Bioengineering, Jilin College of Agricultural Science &Technology, Jilin 132301, P. R. China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xinchao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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20
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Rest JS, Wilkins O, Yuan W, Purugganan MD, Gurevitch J. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of transcriptomic responses to water stress in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:548-60. [PMID: 26756945 PMCID: PMC4815425 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The large amounts of transcriptome data available for Arabidopsis thaliana make a compelling case for the need to generalize results across studies and extract the most robust and meaningful information possible from them. The results of various studies seeking to identify water stress-responsive genes only partially overlap. The aim of this work was to combine transcriptomic studies in a systematic way that identifies commonalities in response, taking into account variation among studies due to batch effects as well as sampling variation, while also identifying the effect of study-specific variables, such as the method of applying water stress, and the part of the plant the mRNA was extracted from. We used meta-analysis, the quantitative synthesis of independent research results, to summarize expression responses to water stress across studies, and meta-regression to model the contribution of covariates that may affect gene expression. We found that some genes with small but consistent differential responses become evident only when results are synthesized across experiments, and are missed in individual studies. We also identified genes with expression responses that are attributable to use of different plant parts and alternative methods for inducing water stress. Our results indicate that meta-analysis and meta-regression provide a powerful approach for identifying a robust gene set that is less sensitive to idiosyncratic results and for quantifying study characteristics that result in contrasting gene expression responses across studies. Combining meta-analysis with individual analyses may contribute to a richer understanding of the biology of water stress responses, and may prove valuable in other gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Rest
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, 650 Life SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY11794–5245USA
| | - Olivia Wilkins
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University12 Waverly PlaceNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University12 Waverly PlaceNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University12 Waverly PlaceNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, 650 Life SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY11794–5245USA
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21
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ABA signalling is fine-tuned by antagonistic HAB1 variants. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8138. [PMID: 26419884 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A protein type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) are negative regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and plant adaptation to stress. However, our knowledge of the regulation of PP2C activity is limited. Here we report that the PP2C HAB1 undergoes alternative splicing to produce two splice variants, which encode HAB1.1 and HAB1.2, that play opposing roles in ABA-mediated seed germination and ABA-mediated post-germination developmental arrest. HAB1.2 is predominately formed in the presence of ABA and prevents seed germination and post-germinative growth. HAB1.2 interacts with OST1, but cannot inhibit OST1 kinase activity; thus, it functions as a positive regulator of ABA signalling. We also identified an RNA-recognition motif-containing protein, RBM25, as a potential regulator of HAB1 alternative splicing and molecular diversity. Our results reveal a mechanism for turning ABA signalling on and off and for plant adaptation to abiotic stress.
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Zheng C, Zhao L, Wang Y, Shen J, Zhang Y, Jia S, Li Y, Ding Z. Integrated RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Chilling and Freezing Responsive Key Molecular Players and Pathways in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125031. [PMID: 25901577 PMCID: PMC4406609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze, Theaceae] is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. Cold stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses that limit tea plants’ growth, survival and geographical distribution. However, the genetic regulatory network and signaling pathways involved in cold stress responses in tea plants remain unearthed. Using RNA-Seq, DGE and sRNA-Seq technologies, we performed an integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiling and their regulatory network of tea plants under chilling (4℃) and freezing (-5℃) stress. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNA and mRNA profiles were obtained based on fold change analysis, miRNAs and target mRNAs were found to show both coherent and incoherent relationships in the regulatory network. Furthermore, we compared several key pathways (e.g., ‘Photosynthesis’), GO terms (e.g., ‘response to karrikin’) and transcriptional factors (TFs, e.g., DREB1b/CBF1) which were identified as involved in the early chilling and/or freezing response of tea plants. Intriguingly, we found that karrikins, a new group of plant growth regulators, and β-primeverosidase (BPR), a key enzyme functionally relevant with the formation of tea aroma might play an important role in both early chilling and freezing response of tea plants. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis further confirmed the results from RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq analysis. This is the first study to simultaneously profile the expression patterns of both miRNAs and mRNAs on a genome-wide scale to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of early responses of tea plants to cold stress. In addition to gaining a deeper insight into the cold resistant characteristics of tea plants, we provide a good case study to analyse mRNA/miRNA expression and profiling of non-model plant species using next-generation sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yinfei Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Sisi Jia
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Fruit and Tea Technology Extension Station, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding for Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Besseau S, Törönen P, Sipari N, Kollist H, Holm L, Palva ET. Defense-related transcription factors WRKY70 and WRKY54 modulate osmotic stress tolerance by regulating stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:457-472. [PMID: 23815736 PMCID: PMC4284015 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been mainly associated with plant defense, but recent studies have suggested additional roles in the regulation of other physiological processes. Here, we explored the possible contribution of two related group III WRKY TFs, WRKY70 and WRKY54, to osmotic stress tolerance. These TFs are positive regulators of plant defense, and co-operate as negative regulators of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and senescence. We employed single and double mutants of wrky54 and wrky70, as well as a WRKY70 overexpressor line, to explore the role of these TFs in osmotic stress (polyethylene glycol) responses. Their effect on gene expression was characterized by microarrays and verified by quantitative PCR. Stomatal phenotypes were assessed by water retention and stomatal conductance measurements. The wrky54wrky70 double mutants exhibited clearly enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress. However, gene expression analysis showed reduced induction of osmotic stress-responsive genes in addition to reduced accumulation of the osmoprotectant proline. By contrast, the enhanced tolerance was correlated with improved water retention and enhanced stomatal closure. These findings demonstrate that WRKY70 and WRKY54 co-operate as negative regulators of stomatal closure and, consequently, osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, suggesting that they have an important role, not only in plant defense, but also in abiotic stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastien Besseau
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Petri Törönen
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Liisa Holm
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Tapio Palva
- Viikki Biocenter, Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Kim W, Lee Y, Park J, Lee N, Choi G. HONSU, a Protein Phosphatase 2C, Regulates Seed Dormancy by Inhibiting ABA Signaling in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:555-72. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the "classical" plant hormones, i.e. discovered at least 50 years ago, that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. This chapter reviews our current understanding of ABA synthesis, metabolism, transport, and signal transduction, emphasizing knowledge gained from studies of Arabidopsis. A combination of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies has identified nearly all of the enzymes involved in ABA metabolism, almost 200 loci regulating ABA response, and thousands of genes regulated by ABA in various contexts. Some of these regulators are implicated in cross-talk with other developmental, environmental or hormonal signals. Specific details of the ABA signaling mechanisms vary among tissues or developmental stages; these are discussed in the context of ABA effects on seed maturation, germination, seedling growth, vegetative stress responses, stomatal regulation, pathogen response, flowering, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Address
- correspondence to e-mail:
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Li YS, Sun H, Wang ZF, Duan M, Huang SD, Yang J, Huang J, Zhang HS. A Novel Nuclear Protein Phosphatase 2C Negatively Regulated by ABL1 is Involved in Abiotic Stress and Panicle Development in Rice. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:703-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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