1
|
Wang Z, Liang Y, Wu W, Gao C, Xiao C, Zhou Z, Lin F, Sun W. The effect of different drying temperatures on flavonoid glycosides in white tea: A targeted metabolomics, molecular docking, and simulated reaction study. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114634. [PMID: 38945623 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Drying is an important stage used to improve the quality of white tea (WT). However, the effect of the drying temperature on the key taste compounds in WT remains unclear. In this study, targeted metabolomics, molecular docking, and a simulated reaction were used to investigate the transformation mechanism of flavonoid glycosides (FGs) in WT during drying at 60, 80, and 100 °C and its impact on taste. There were 45 differential FGs in WT at three drying temperatures. Compared with the withering samples for 48 h, the total FGs contents at three drying temperatures showed a decreasing trend, with quercetin-3-O-galactoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside showing the most degradation. These results were confirmed via a simulated drying reaction of FGs standards. Drying at 80 and 100 °C contributed to the formation of flavonoid-C-glycosides, but only trace amounts of these compounds were observed. In addition, nine key taste FGs were selected using dose-over-threshold values. These FGs regulated the taste of WT, mainly by binding to taste receptors via hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Finally, the taste acceptability of WT dried at 60 °C was found to be the highest, as this method could properly reduce the contents of FGs, weaken the bitterness and astringency, and retain the sweet and umami taste. This study revealed for the first time the transformation mechanism of sensory-active FGs affected by drying temperature, which provides a novel perspective for the analysis of the formation mechanism of the unique flavor of WT and the optimization of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yilin Liang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chenxi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fuming Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peña Barrena LE, Mats L, Earl HJ, Bozzo GG. Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris during Growth under Severe Drought. Metabolites 2024; 14:319. [PMID: 38921454 PMCID: PMC11205357 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought limits the growth and development of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (known as common bean). Common bean plants contain various phenylpropanoids, but it is not known whether the levels of these metabolites are altered by drought. Here, BT6 and BT44, two white bean recombinant inbred lines (RILs), were cultivated under severe drought. Their respective growth and phenylpropanoid profiles were compared to those of well-irrigated plants. Both RILs accumulated much less biomass in their vegetative parts with severe drought, which was associated with more phaseollin and phaseollinisoflavan in their roots relative to well-irrigated plants. A sustained accumulation of coumestrol was evident in BT44 roots with drought. Transient alterations in the leaf profiles of various phenolic acids occurred in drought-stressed BT6 and BT44 plants, including the respective accumulation of two separate caftaric acid isomers and coutaric acid (isomer 1) relative to well-irrigated plants. A sustained rise in fertaric acid was observed in BT44 with drought stress, whereas the greater amount relative to well-watered plants was transient in BT6. Apart from kaempferol diglucoside (isomer 2), the concentrations of most leaf flavonol glycosides were not altered with drought. Overall, fine tuning of leaf and root phenylpropanoid profiles occurs in white bean plants subjected to severe drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Peña Barrena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.E.P.B.); (H.J.E.)
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
| | - Hugh J. Earl
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.E.P.B.); (H.J.E.)
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.E.P.B.); (H.J.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Gao C, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Huang Y, Sun W. The metabolic mechanism of flavonoid glycosides and their contribution to the flavor evolution of white tea during prolonged withering. Food Chem 2024; 439:138133. [PMID: 38064841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study was the first to comprehensively investigate the metabolic mechanism of flavonoid glycosides (FGs) and their contribution to flavor evolution during white tea processing using quantitative descriptive analysis, metabolomics, dose-over-threshold factors and pseudo-first-order kinetics. A total of 223 flavonoids were identified. Total FGs decreased from 7.02 mg/g to 4.35 mg/g during processing, compared to fresh leaves. A total of 86 FGs had a significant impact on the flavor evolution and 9 key flavor FGs were identified. The FG biosynthesis pathway was inhibited during withering, while the degradation pathway was enhanced. This promoted the degradation of 9 key flavor FGs following pseudo-first-order kinetics during withering. The degradation of the FGs contributed to increase the taste acceptance of white tea from -4.18 to 1.32. These results demonstrated that water loss stress during withering induces the degradation of key flavor FGs, contributing to the formation of the unique flavor of white tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chenxi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou 362406, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Q, Li X, Jiao Y, Chen Y, Yan Y, Wang Y, Hamiaux C, Wang Y, Ma F, Atkinson RG, Li P. Identification of two key genes involved in flavonoid catabolism and their different roles in apple resistance to biotic stresses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1238-1256. [PMID: 38426393 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of flavonoid aglycones and glycosides is well established. However, key genes involved in their catabolism are poorly understood, even though the products of hydrolysis and oxidation play important roles in plant resistance to biotic stress. Here, we report on catabolism of dihydrochalcones (DHCs), the most abundant flavonoids in domesticated apple and wild Malus. Two key genes, BGLU13.1 and PPO05, were identified by activity-directed protein purification. BGLU13.1-A hydrolyzed phlorizin, (the most abundant DHC in domesticated apple) to produce phloretin which was then oxidized by PPO05. The process differed in some wild Malus, where trilobatin (a positional isomer of phlorizin) was mainly oxidized by PPO05. The effects of DHC catabolism on apple resistance to biotic stresses was investigated using transgenic plants. Either directly or indirectly, phlorizin hydrolysis affected resistance to the phytophagous pest two-spotted spider mite, while oxidation of trilobatin was involved in resistance to the biotrophic fungus Podosphaera leucotricha. DHC catabolism did not affect apple resistance to necrotrophic pathogens Valsa mali and Erwinia amylovara. These results suggest that different DHC catabolism pathways play different roles in apple resistance to biotic stresses. The role of DHC catabolism on apple resistance appeared closely related to the mode of invasion/damage used by pathogen/pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanfang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo D, Jiang H, Xie L. An R2R3-MYB Transcriptional Factor LuMYB314 Associated with the Loss of Petal Pigmentation in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:511. [PMID: 38674445 PMCID: PMC11050253 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The loss of anthocyanin pigments is one of the most common evolutionary transitions in petal color, yet the genetic basis for these changes in flax remains largely unknown. In this study, we used crossing studies, a bulk segregant analysis, genome-wide association studies, a phylogenetic analysis, and transgenic testing to identify genes responsible for the transition from blue to white petals in flax. This study found no correspondence between the petal color and seed color, refuting the conclusion that a locus controlling the seed coat color is associated with the petal color, as reported in previous studies. The locus controlling the petal color was mapped using a BSA-seq analysis based on the F2 population. However, no significantly associated genomic regions were detected. Our genome-wide association study identified a highly significant QTL (BP4.1) on chromosome 4 associated with flax petal color in the natural population. The combination of a local Manhattan plot and an LD heat map identified LuMYB314, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, as a potential gene responsible for the natural variations in petal color in flax. The overexpression of LuMYB314 in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum resulted in anthocyanin deposition, indicating that LuMYB314 is a credible candidate gene for controlling the petal color in flax. Additionally, our study highlights the limitations of the BSA-seq method in low-linkage genomic regions, while also demonstrating the powerful detection capabilities of GWAS based on high-density genomic variation mapping. This study enhances our genetic insight into petal color variations and has potential breeding value for engineering LuMYB314 to develop colored petals, bast fibers, and seeds for multifunctional use in flax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| | - Liqiong Xie
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin J, Lin H, Li C, Liao N, Zheng Y, Yu X, Sun Y, Wu L. Unveiling characteristic metabolic accumulation over enzymatic-catalyzed process of Tieguanyin oolong tea manufacturing by DESI-MSI and multiple-omics. Food Res Int 2024; 181:114136. [PMID: 38448105 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To achieve an integrative understanding of the spatial distribution and chronological flavoring compounds accumulation, desorption-electrospray-ionization coupled mass-spectrometry-imaging (DESI-MSI) and multi-omics techniques were performed on the leaf samples collected from the enzymatic-catalyzed-process (ECP) stage of Tieguanyin oolong tea manufacturing. The result of DESI-MSI visualization indicated transform or re-distribution of catechins, flavonols and amino acids were on-going attributing to the multi-stress over ECP stage. Out of identified 2621 non-volatiles and 45,771 transcripts, 43 non-volatiles and 12 co-expressed pathways were screened out as biomarkers and key cascades in response to adverse conditions. The targeted metabolic analysis on the characteristic flavoring compounds showed that the accumulations of free amino acids were enhanced, while catechins, flavonol glycosides, and alkaloids exhibited dynamic changes. This result suggests withering and turning-over process are compatible and collectively regulate the metabolic accumulation and development of flavoring metabolites, facilitating to the development of characteristic quality of Tieguanyin tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Hongzheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Chenxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Ningkai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, 358 Baihua Road, Wuyishan City, Fujian Province 354300, PR China
| | - Xinru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
| | - Liangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cui J, Li X, Lu Z, Jin B. Plant secondary metabolites involved in the stress tolerance of long-lived trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae002. [PMID: 38196002 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ancient trees are natural wonders because of their longevity, having lived for hundreds or thousands of years, and their ability to withstand changing environments and a variety of stresses. These long-lived trees have sophisticated defense mechanisms, such as the production of specialized plant metabolites (SPMs). In this review, we provide an overview of the major biotic and abiotic stresses that long-lived trees often face, as well as an analysis of renowned ancient tree species and their unique protective SPMs against environmental stressors. We also discuss the synthesis and accumulation of defensive SPMs induced by environmental factors and endophytes in these trees. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis of 17 long-lived tree species and discovered significant expansions of SPM biosynthesis gene families in these species. Our comprehensive review reveals the crucial role of SPMs in high resistance in long-lived trees, providing a novel natural resource for plant defense, crop improvement and even the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhaogeng Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang L, Gao Y, Han L, Zhang W, Fan P. Designing plant flavonoids: harnessing transcriptional regulation and enzyme variation to enhance yield and diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220062. [PMID: 37575923 PMCID: PMC10420081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful and promising approach to enhance the production of value-added metabolites in plants. Flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, offer numerous health benefits and have attracted attention for their potential use in plant-based products. However, achieving high yields of specific flavonoids remains challenging due to the complex and diverse metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. In recent years, synthetic biology approaches leveraging transcription factors and enzyme diversity have demonstrated promise in enhancing flavonoid yields and expanding their production repertoire. This review delves into the latest research progress in flavonoid metabolic engineering, encompassing the identification and manipulation of transcription factors and enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the deployment of synthetic biology tools for designing metabolic pathways. This review underscores the importance of employing carefully-selected transcription factors to boost plant flavonoid production and harnessing enzyme promiscuity to broaden flavonoid diversity or streamline the biosynthetic steps required for effective metabolic engineering. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology and a deeper understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis, future researchers can potentially transform the landscape of plant-based product development across the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, ultimately benefiting consumers worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Wang J, Liu Z, Yang Y, Li X. FtbZIP85 Is Involved in the Accumulation of Proanthocyanidin by Regulating the Transcription of FtDFR in Tartary Buckwheat. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3375-3390. [PMID: 37185745 PMCID: PMC10136674 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a drought-tolerant crop, Tartary buckwheat survives under adverse environmental conditions, including drought stress. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) and anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds, and they participate in the regulation of resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses by triggering genes' biosynthesis of flavonoids. In this study, a basic leucine zipper, basic leucine zipper 85 (FtbZIP85), which was predominantly expressed in seeds, was isolated from Tartary buckwheat. Our study shows that the expressions of FtDFR, FtbZIP85 and FtSnRK2.6 were tissue-specific and located in both the nucleus and the cytosol. FtbZIP85 could positively regulate PA biosynthesis by binding to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) in the promoter of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (FtDFR), which is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, FtbZIP85 was also involved in the regulation of PA biosynthesis via interactions with FtSnRK2.6 but not with FtSnRK2.2/2.3. This study reveals that FtbZIP85 is a positive regulator of PA biosynthesis in TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Visualizing the Spatial Distribution of Arctium lappa L. Root Components by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243957. [PMID: 36553700 PMCID: PMC9778511 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at developing novel analytical methods to accurately visualize the spatial distribution of various endogenous components in Arctium lappa L. (A. lappa) roots, and to precisely guide the setting of pre-treatment operations during processing technologies and understand plant metabolism process. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) imaging technology was used for visual demonstration of the in situ spatial distribution in A. lappa roots. This work consisted of four steps: matrix selection, section preparation, matrix coating, and MALDI-TOF MS imaging analysis. Consequently, eight saccharides, four caffeoylquinic acids, four flavonoids, six amino acids, one choline, and one phospholipid were imaged and four unidentified components were found. Saccharides were distributed in the center, whereas caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids were mainly present in the epidermis and cortex. Furthermore, amino acids were mainly detected in the phloem, and choline in the cambium, while phosphatidylserine was found in the secondary phloem and cambium. This study demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS imaging technology could provide a technical support to understand the spatial distribution of components in A. lappa roots, which would promote the processing technologies for A. lappa roots and help us to understand the plant metabolism process.
Collapse
|
11
|
Han X, Sun J, Niu T, Mao B, Gao S, Zhao P, Sun L. Molecular Insight into the Binding of Astilbin with Human Serum Albumin and Its Effect on Antioxidant Characteristics of Astilbin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144487. [PMID: 35889360 PMCID: PMC9321622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside identified in many natural plants and functional food with promising biological activities which is used as an antioxidant in the pharmaceutical and food fields. This work investigated the interaction between astilbin and human serum albumin (HSA) and their effects on the antioxidant activity of astilbin by multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies. The experimental results show that astilbin quenches the fluorescence emission of HSA through a static quenching mechanism. Astilbin and HSA prefer to bind at the Site Ⅰ position, which is mainly maintained by electrostatic force, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Multi-spectroscopic and MD results indicate that the secondary structure of HSA could be changed because of the interaction of astilbin with HSA. DPPH radical scavenging assay shows that the presence of HSA reduces the antioxidant capacity of astilbin. The explication of astilbin–HSA binding mechanism will provide insights into clinical use and resource development of astilbin in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianmei Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Beibei Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Shijie Gao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Linlin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Unterlander N, Mats L, McGary LC, Gordon HOW, Bozzo GG. Kaempferol rhamnoside catabolism in rosette leaves of senescing Arabidopsis and postharvest stored radish. PLANTA 2022; 256:36. [PMID: 35816223 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol rhamnosides including kaempferitrin (i.e., kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside) occur throughout the plant kingdom. Mechanisms governing flavonol rhamnoside biosynthesis are established, whereas degradative processes occurring in plants are relatively unknown. Here, we investigated the catabolic events affecting kaempferitrin status in the rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. (Arabidopsis) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), respectively, in response to developmental senescence and postharvest handling. On a per plant basis, losses of several kaempferol rhamnosides including kaempferitrin were apparent in senescing leaves of Arabidopsis during development and postharvest radish stored at 5 °C. Conversely, small pools of kaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnoside (K7R), kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside (K3R), and kaempferol built up in senescing leaves of both species. Evidence is provided for ⍺-rhamnosidase activities targeting the 7-O-α-rhamnoside of kaempferitrin and K7R in rosette leaves of both species. An HPLC analysis of in vitro assays of clarified leaf extracts prepared from developing Arabidopsis and postharvest radish determined that these metabolic shifts were coincident with respective 237% and 645% increases in kaempferitrin 7-O-⍺-rhamnosidase activity. Lower activity rates were apparent when these ⍺-rhamnosidase assays were performed with K7R. A radish ⍺-rhamnosidase containing peak eluting from a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column hydrolyzed various 7-O-rhamnosylated flavonols, as well as kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside. Together it is apparent that the catabolism of 7-O-α-rhamnosylated kaempferol metabolites in senescing plant leaves is associated with a flavonol 7-O-α-rhamnoside-utilizing α-rhamnosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Unterlander
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Laura C McGary
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Harley O W Gordon
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gale G Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vogel U, Beerens K, Desmet T. Nucleotide sugar dehydratases: Structure, mechanism, substrate specificity, and application potential. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101809. [PMID: 35271853 PMCID: PMC8987622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sugar (NS) dehydratases play a central role in the biosynthesis of deoxy and amino sugars, which are involved in a variety of biological functions in all domains of life. Bacteria are true masters of deoxy sugar biosynthesis as they can produce a wide range of highly specialized monosaccharides. Indeed, deoxy and amino sugars play important roles in the virulence of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic species and are additionally involved in the biosynthesis of diverse macrolide antibiotics. The biosynthesis of deoxy sugars relies on the activity of NS dehydratases, which can be subdivided into three groups based on their structure and reaction mechanism. The best-characterized NS dehydratases are the 4,6-dehydratases that, together with the 5,6-dehydratases, belong to the NS-short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. The other two groups are the less abundant 2,3-dehydratases that belong to the Nudix hydrolase superfamily and 3-dehydratases, which are related to aspartame aminotransferases. 4,6-Dehydratases catalyze the first step in all deoxy sugar biosynthesis pathways, converting nucleoside diphosphate hexoses to nucleoside diphosphate-4-keto-6-deoxy hexoses, which in turn are further deoxygenated by the 2,3- and 3-dehydratases to form dideoxy and trideoxy sugars. In this review, we give an overview of the NS dehydratases focusing on the comparison of their structure and reaction mechanisms, thereby highlighting common features, and investigating differences between closely related members of the same superfamilies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Vogel
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB) - Unit for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB) - Unit for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB) - Unit for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang JJ, Cao W, Xi P, Li L, Qiao S, Luo H, Zhang J, Liu X, Du N. S-Glycosylation of Fluensulfone in Tomatoes: An Important Way of Fluensulfone Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12974-12984. [PMID: 34723494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluensulfone (FSF) becomes increasingly popular because of its nonfumigation application method. However, studies on the metabolic mechanism of FSF in plants are lacking. Here, tomato seedling was cultivated in hydroponic media to investigate the connection among FSF's metabolism in tomato, the regulation of tomato endogenous glycosides, and the elimination of hydrogen peroxide in tomato cells. The accumulation of FSF was only detected in the lower stems of tomatoes; FSF was mainly metabolized into S-glycosylated conjugates in the roots, and the roots were the tissues with the highest metabolite content; and no FSF and metabolites were detected in the upper leaves. In response to FSF stress (2 mg/L for 7 d), the content of sugar and glycosides in the stems of tomato seedlings significantly increased. The amount of some compounds on the pathway related to glucose was affected by FSF. The three precursor compounds (homomethioine, isoleucine, and l-tyrosine) in the pathway of glucosinolate biosynthesis increased significantly under the stress of FSF, which indicates that FSF may compete with them for UGT74B1. Besides, FSF-induced flavonoid glycosides may play a role in the process of removing hydrogen peroxide. This research provides inspiration for the fate of many xenobiotics containing sulfonyl groups in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wanxue Cao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengxuan Xi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Songtao Qiao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huawei Luo
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Creation and Application of New Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nanshan Du
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng G, Fan W, Rasmussen SK. Characterisation of the class III peroxidase gene family in carrot taproots and its role in anthocyanin and lignin accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:245-256. [PMID: 34385003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant class III peroxidases (CIII Prxs) are involved in numerous essential plant life processes, such as plant development and differentiation, lignification and seed germination, and defence against pathogens. However, there is limited information about the structure-function relationships of Prxs in carrots. This study identified 75 carrot peroxidases (DcPrxs) and classified them into seven subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure analysis revealed that these DcPrxs had between one and eight introns, while conserved motif analysis showed a typical motif composition and arrangement for CIII Prx. In addition, eighteen tandem duplication events, but only eight segmental duplications, were identified among these DcPrxs, indicating that tandem duplication was the main contributor to the expansion of this gene family. Histochemical analyses showed that lignin was mainly localised in the cell walls of xylem, and Prx activity was determined in the epidermal region of taproots. The xylem always showed higher lignin concentration and lower Prx activity compared to the phloem in the taproots of both carrot cultivars. Combining these observations with RNA sequencing, some Prx genes were identified as candidate genes related to lignification and pigmentation. Three peroxidases (DcPrx30, DcPrx32, DcPrx62) were upregulated in the phloem of both genotypes. Carrot taproots are an attractive resource for natural food colourants and this study elucidated genome-wide insights of Prx for the first time, developing hypotheses concerning their involvement with lignin and anthocyanin in purple carrots. The findings provide an essential foundation for further studies of Prx genes in carrot, especially on pigmentation and lignification mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Meng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Weiyao Fan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren K Rasmussen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|