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Pei L, Zhao Y, Shi X, Chen R, Yan J, Li X, Jiang Z, Wang J, Shi S. The Role of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the Occurrence of Adventitious Roots and Somatic Embryos in Woody Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3512. [PMID: 36559624 PMCID: PMC9784130 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of adventitious roots and somatic embryos is a crucial step in micropropagation that frequently limits the application of this technique in woody plants. Recent studies demonstrated that they can be negatively or positively regulated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a four-carbon non-proteinous amino acid that not only acts as a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals. It has been reported that GABA affects plant growth and their response to stress although its mode of action is still unclear. This review dealt with the effects of GABA on adventitious root formation and growth as well as on somatic embryogenesis. Furthermore, we focused on discussing the interaction of GABA with phytohormones, such as auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellin, as well as with the carbon and nitrogen metabolism during adventitious root development. We suggested that research on GABA will contribute to the application of micropropagation in the recalcitrant fruit and forest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinru Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Choe H, Sung J, Lee J, Kim Y. Effects of calcium chloride treatment on bioactive compound accumulation and antioxidant capacity in germinated brown rice. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Du C, Chen W, Wu Y, Wang G, Zhao J, Sun J, Ji J, Yan D, Jiang Z, Shi S. Effects of GABA and Vigabatrin on the Germination of Chinese Chestnut Recalcitrant Seeds and Its Implications for Seed Dormancy and Storage. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040449. [PMID: 32260136 PMCID: PMC7238225 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant chestnut seeds are rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which negatively regulates adventitious root development by altering carbon/nitrogen metabolism. However, little is known regarding the role of this metabolite in chestnut seeds. In this study, we investigated the effects of GABA changes on the germination of chestnut seeds treated with exogenous GABA and vigabatrin (VGB, which inhibits GABA degradation). Both treatments significantly inhibited seed germination and primary root growth and resulted in the considerable accumulation of H2O2, but the endogenous GABA content decreased before germination at 48 h. Soluble sugar levels increased before germination, but subsequently decreased, whereas starch contents were relatively unchanged. Changes to organic acids were observed at 120 h after sowing, including a decrease and increase in citrate and malate levels, respectively. Similarly, soluble protein contents increased at 120 h, but the abundance of most free amino acids decreased at 48 h. Moreover, the total amino acid levels increased only in response to VGB at 0 h. Accordingly, GABA and VGB altered the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby inhibiting chestnut seed germination. These results suggested that changes to GABA levels in chestnut seeds might prevent seed germination. The study data may also help clarify the dormancy and storage of chestnut seeds, as well as other recalcitrant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Guangpeng Wang
- Institute for Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Changli 066600, China;
| | - Jiabing Zhao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Donghui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (D.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (D.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62889054
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Xie T, Ji J, Chen W, Yue J, Du C, Sun J, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. GABA negatively regulates adventitious root development in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1459-1474. [PMID: 31740934 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) influences plant growth, but little is known about how this metabolite regulates adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we investigate the effects of GABA on ARs using poplar lines overexpressing glutamate decarboxilase 2 (GAD2) and by treating poplar stem cuttings with exogenous GABA or vigabatrin (VGB; a specific GABA transaminase inhibitor). Endogenous GABA accumulation not only inhibited AR growth, but it also suppressed or delayed AR formation. Anatomical observations revealed that the GABA and VGB treatments resulted in a 1 d delay in the formation of AR primordia and the appearance of ARs. This delay coincided with changes in primary metabolism, including transient increases in hexose and amino acid levels. GABA-dependent changes in the expression of genes related to hormone synthesis and signalling, as well as analysis of hormone levels revealed that ethylene-dependent pathways were decreased at the earliest stage of AR formation. In contrast, auxin and abscisic acid were increased at 1-5 d as well as GA4 over a 5 d period of AR formation. These results demonstrate that GABA plays a crucial role in AR development. Evidence is presented demonstrating that GABA can interact with hormone-related pathways as well as carbon/nitrogen metabolism. These findings also elucidate the functions of GABA in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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GABA-Alleviated Oxidative Injury Induced by Salinity, Osmotic Stress and their Combination by Regulating Cellular and Molecular Signals in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225709. [PMID: 31739540 PMCID: PMC6888568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of priming with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 0.5 mM on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed germination under osmotic stress (OS) induced by polyethylene glycol (30 g/L PEG 6000); and salinity stress (S, 150 mM NaCl) and their combination (OS+S). Priming with GABA significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of OS, S and OS+S on seed germination and seedling growth. The photosynthetic system and water relation parameters were improved by GABA under stress. Priming treatment significantly increased the GABA content, sugars, protein, starch and glutathione reductase. GABA priming significantly reduced Na+ concentrations, proline, free radical and malonaldehyde and also significantly increased K+ concentration under the stress condition. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, phenolic metabolism-related enzymes, detoxification-related enzymes and their transcription levels were improved by GABA priming under stress. In the GABA primed-plants, salinity stress alone resulted in an obvious increase in the expression level of Calcineurin B-like Protein-interacting protein Kinases (CIPKs) genes such as OsCIPK01, OsCIPK03, OsCIPK08 and OsCIPK15, and osmotic stress alone resulted in obvious increase in the expression of OsCIPK02, OsCIPK07 and OsCIPK09; and OS+S resulted in a significant up-regulation of OsCIPK12 and OsCIPK17. The results showed that salinity, osmotic stresses and their combination induced changes in cell ultra-morphology and cell cycle progression resulting in prolonged cell cycle development duration and inhibitory effects on rice seedlings growth. Hence, our findings suggested that the high tolerance to OS+S is closely associated with the capability of GABA priming to control the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by inducing antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolism and their transcription level. This knowledge provides new evidence for better understanding molecular mechanisms of GABA-regulating salinity and osmotic-combined stress tolerance during rice seed germination and development.
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Boter M, Calleja-Cabrera J, Carrera-Castaño G, Wagner G, Hatzig SV, Snowdon RJ, Legoahec L, Bianchetti G, Bouchereau A, Nesi N, Pernas M, Oñate-Sánchez L. An Integrative Approach to Analyze Seed Germination in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1342. [PMID: 31708951 PMCID: PMC6824160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex trait determined by the interaction of hormonal, metabolic, genetic, and environmental components. Variability of this trait in crops has a big impact on seedling establishment and yield in the field. Classical studies of this trait in crops have focused mainly on the analyses of one level of regulation in the cascade of events leading to seed germination. We have carried out an integrative and extensive approach to deepen our understanding of seed germination in Brassica napus by generating transcriptomic, metabolic, and hormonal data at different stages upon seed imbibition. Deep phenotyping of different seed germination-associated traits in six winter-type B. napus accessions has revealed that seed germination kinetics, in particular seed germination speed, are major contributors to the variability of this trait. Metabolic profiling of these accessions has allowed us to describe a common pattern of metabolic change and to identify the levels of malate and aspartate metabolites as putative metabolic markers to estimate germination performance. Additionally, analysis of seed content of different hormones suggests that hormonal balance between ABA, GA, and IAA at crucial time points during this process might underlie seed germination differences in these accessions. In this study, we have also defined the major transcriptome changes accompanying the germination process in B. napus. Furthermore, we have observed that earlier activation of key germination regulatory genes seems to generate the differences in germination speed observed between accessions in B. napus. Finally, we have found that protein-protein interactions between some of these key regulator are conserved in B. napus, suggesting a shared regulatory network with other plant species. Altogether, our results provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of seed germination dynamics in oilseed rape. This new framework will be extremely valuable not only to evaluate germination performance of B. napus accessions but also to identify key targets for crop improvement in this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boter
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Calleja-Cabrera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Carrera-Castaño
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Wagner
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Vanessa Hatzig
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laurie Legoahec
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Grégoire Bianchetti
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Nathalie Nesi
- Joint Laboratory for Genetics, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Mónica Pernas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid –Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, Spain
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Ma Y, Wang P, Chen Z, Gu Z, Yang R. GABA enhances physio-biochemical metabolism and antioxidant capacity of germinated hulless barley under NaCl stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:192-201. [PMID: 30278315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the endogenous GABA metabolism and antioxidant capacity of germinated hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under NaCl stress were investigated. The results showed that all of the GABA treatments could alleviate the growth inhibition and oxidative damage by NaCl stress, with 0.5 mM being the most effective concentration. The GABA-treated barley seedlings exhibited a significantly higher content of endogenous GABA and other free amino acids, especially proline, which resulted from the changes in corresponding enzyme activity. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) activities also increased in GABA-treated barley, which led to higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than that of the control barley. These results indicate that GABA treatment may be an effective way to relieve salt stress as it induces the accumulation of endogenous GABA and proline and total phenolic content, thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Hatzig SV, Nuppenau JN, Snowdon RJ, Schießl SV. Drought stress has transgenerational effects on seeds and seedlings in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:297. [PMID: 30470194 PMCID: PMC6251133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress has a negative effect on both seed yield and seed quality in Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola). Here we show that while drought impairs the maternal plant performance, it also increases the vigour of progeny of stressed maternal plants. We investigated the transgenerational influence of abiotic stress by detailed analysis of yield, seed quality, and seedling performance on a growth-related and metabolic level. Seeds of eight diverse winter oilseed rape genotypes were generated under well-watered and drought stress conditions under controlled-environment conditions in large plant containers. RESULTS We found a decrease in seed quality in seeds derived from mother plants that were exposed to drought stress. At the same time, the seeds that developed under stress conditions showed higher seedling vigour compared to non-stressed controls.This effect on seed quality and seedling vigour was found to be independent of maternal plant yield performance. CONCLUSIONS Drought stress has a positive transgenerational effect on seedling vigour. Three potential causes for stress-induced improvement of seedling vigour are discussed: (1) Heterotic effects caused by a tendency towards a higher outcrossing rate in response to stress; (2) an altered reservoir of seed storage metabolites to which the seedling resorts during early growth, and (3) inter-generational stress memory, formed by stress-induced changes in the epigenome of the seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Hatzig
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Nuppenau
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah V. Schießl
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Yue J, Du C, Ji J, Xie T, Chen W, Chang E, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. Inhibition of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity affects adventitious root growth in poplar via changes in GABA shunt. PLANTA 2018; 248:963-979. [PMID: 29982922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blocking α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase results in up-regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt activity, and inhibits the growth of poplar adventitious roots (ARs), indicating that AR growth is closely associated with GABA shunt. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt starts from α-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is thought to represent the cross road between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Previous studies (Araújo et al. 2012b, Plant Cell 24: 2328-2351) have shown that blocking α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) affects the GABA shunt activity, and inhibits growth. However, its effects on the growth of adventitious roots (ARs) are unclear. In this study, the growth of ARs in tissue-cultured 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa cv. '84K') was significantly inhibited when succinyl phosphate (SP), a specific inhibitor of α-KGDH, was supplied. The inhibition of ARs was associated with significant changes in the levels of soluble sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, and was coupled with the up-regulation of the GABA shunt activity at the transcriptional and translational levels. Exogenous GABA also inhibited AR growth following the increase of the endogenous GABA level. Transcriptomic analyses further showed that genes related to cell wall carbon metabolism and phytohormone (indoleacetic acid, ABA, and ethylene) signaling were affected by the changes of GABA shunt activity, resulting from the α-KGDH inhibition. Thus, our study indicates that the inhibition of poplar AR growth by blocking α-KGDH is closely associated with GABA shunt, which would benefit a better understanding of GABA's roles in plant development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Cekic F. Exogenous GABA stimulates endogenous GABA and phenolic acid contents in tomato plants under salt stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.348935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Lei Y, Jiang H. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Populus cathayana Females Are More Sensitive and Respond More Sophisticatedly to Iron Deficiency than Males. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:840-50. [PMID: 26842668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that there are significant sexual differences in the morphological and physiological responses of Populus cathayana Rehder to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, but little is known about the sex-specific differences in responses to iron deficiency. In this study, the effects of iron deficiency on the morphology, physiology, and proteome of P. cathayana males and females were investigated. The results showed that iron deficiency (25 days) significantly decreased height growth, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and tissue iron concentration in both sexes. A comparison between the sexes indicated that iron-deficient males had less height inhibition and photosynthesis system II or chloroplast ultrastructural damage than iron-deficient females. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that 144 and 68 proteins were decreased in abundance (e.g., proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and gene expression regulation) and 78 and 39 proteins were increased in abundance (e.g., proteins involved in amino acid metabolism and stress response) according to the criterion of ratio ≥1.5 in females and males, respectively. A comparison between the sexes indicated that iron-deficient females exhibited a greater change in the proteins involved in photosynthesis, carbon and energy metabolism, the redox system, and stress responsive proteins. This study reveals females are more sensitive and have a more sophisticated response to iron deficiency compared with males and provides new insights into differential sexual responses to nutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | | | - Yanbao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
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Michaeli S, Fromm H. Closing the loop on the GABA shunt in plants: are GABA metabolism and signaling entwined? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:419. [PMID: 26106401 PMCID: PMC4460296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that is found in uni- and multi-cellular organisms and is involved in many aspects of plant life cycle. GABA metabolism occurs by the action of evolutionary conserved enzymes that constitute the GABA shunt, bypassing two steps of the TCA cycle. The central position of GABA in the interface between plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism is well established. In parallel, there is evidence to support a role for GABA as a signaling molecule in plants. Here we cover some of the recent findings on GABA metabolism and signaling in plants and further suggest that the metabolic and signaling aspects of GABA may actually be inseparable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hillel Fromm
- *Correspondence: Hillel Fromm, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Haim Levanon Street, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,
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Hatzig S, Zaharia LI, Abrams S, Hohmann M, Legoahec L, Bouchereau A, Nesi N, Snowdon RJ. Early osmotic adjustment responses in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive oilseed rape. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:797-809. [PMID: 24667002 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of osmotic stress on growth, physiology, and metabolism of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was investigated by detailed analysis of biomass traits, hormone metabolites and osmolytes in two genetically unrelated drought-tolerant genotypes and two unrelated drought-sensitive genotypes. Seedlings were grown in vitro under controlled conditions and osmotic stress was simulated by applying a gradual treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), followed by hypo-osmotic treatment of variants used for metabolite determination. The results provide a basis for the identification of reliable selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape. The in vitro cultivation system established during this study enabled effective discrimination of early osmotic stress responses between drought-resistant and -susceptible oilseed rape genotypes that also show large differences in relative seed yield under drought conditions in the field. Clear physiological and metabolic differences were observed between the drought-resistant and drought-sensitive genotypes, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a key component of drought response in oilseed rape. Unexpectedly, however, the drought-resistant genotypes did not show typical hormonal adjustment and osmolyte accumulation, suggesting that they possess alternative physiological mechanisms enabling avoidance of stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hatzig
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Xu Z, Lei P, Feng X, Xu X, Liang J, Chi B, Xu H. Calcium involved in the poly(γ-glutamic acid)-mediated promotion of Chinese cabbage nitrogen metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:144-52. [PMID: 24762787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth can reportedly be promoted by poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. To reveal the mechanism of γ-PGA, we designed an experiment that investigated the effect of γ-PGA on the nitrogen metabolism of Chinese cabbage hydroponic cultured at different calcium (Ca) levels and varied exogenous Ca(2+) inhibitors. The results showed that nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in leaves and roots were obviously enhanced by γ-PGA at the normal Ca(2+) level (4.0 mM). Meanwhile, γ-PGA increased the content of total nitrogen, soluble protein, and soluble amino acids in leaves. However, the promotional effect of γ-PGA on fresh weight weakened when Ca(2+) was inadequate. Moreover, γ-PGA not only induced the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) and Ca(2+) in organelles into cytoplasm, but also increased the Ca(2+)-ATPase level to modify Ca(2+) homeostasis in plant cells. In addition, exogenous Ca(2+) inhibitors significantly suppressed the γ-PGA-mediated promotion of cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) level, calmodulin (CaM) content, GS and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In summary, γ-PGA accelerated the nitrogen metabolism of plants through the Ca(2+)/CaM signaling pathway, thereby improving the growth of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Xuankai Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Xianju Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Xuankai Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Xuankai Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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New Insights into the Metabolic and Molecular Mechanism of Plant Response to Anaerobiosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:231-64. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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