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Neugart S, Steininger V, Fernandes C, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E, Schreiner M, Strid Å, Viczián A, Albert A, Badenes-Pérez FR, Castagna A, Dáder B, Fereres A, Gaberscik A, Gulyás Á, Gwynn-Jones D, Nagy F, Jones A, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Konstantinova N, Lakkala K, Llorens L, Martínez-Lüscher J, Nybakken L, Olsen J, Pascual I, Ranieri A, Regier N, Robson M, Rosenqvist E, Santin M, Turunen M, Vandenbussche F, Verdaguer D, Winkler B, Witzel K, Grifoni D, Zipoli G, Hideg É, Jansen MAK, Hauser MT. A synchronized, large-scale field experiment using Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the significance of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 under natural conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38881245 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study determines the functional role of the plant ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) under natural conditions using a large-scale 'synchronized-genetic-perturbation-field-experiment'. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a role for UVR8 in UV-B responses but do not reflect the complexity of outdoor conditions where 'genotype × environment' interactions can mask laboratory-observed responses. Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant, uvr8-7, and the corresponding Wassilewskija wild type, were sown outdoors on the same date at 21 locations across Europe, ranging from 39°N to 67°N latitude. Growth and climatic data were monitored until bolting. At the onset of bolting, rosette size, dry weight, and phenolics and glucosinolates were quantified. The uvr8-7 mutant developed a larger rosette and contained less kaempferol glycosides, quercetin glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives than the wild type across all locations, demonstrating a role for UVR8 under field conditions. UV effects on rosette size and kaempferol glycoside content were UVR8 dependent, but independent of latitude. In contrast, differences between wild type and uvr8-7 in total quercetin glycosides, and the quercetin-to-kaempferol ratio decreased with increasing latitude, that is, a more variable UV response. Thus, the large-scale synchronized approach applied demonstrates a location-dependent functional role of UVR8 under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Steininger
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catarina Fernandes
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Åke Strid
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - András Viczián
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatriz Dáder
- Department of Agricultural Production, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alenka Gaberscik
- Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ágnes Gulyás
- Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dylan Gwynn-Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alan Jones
- Earthwatch Europe, Oxford, UK
- Scion, New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | | | - Nataliia Konstantinova
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaisa Lakkala
- Finnish Meteorological Institute - Space and Earth Observation Centre, Sodankylä, Finland
| | - Laura Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- Plant Stress Physiology group (Associated Unit to EEAD, CSIC), BIOMA Institute for Biodiversity and the Environment, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Line Nybakken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Plant Stress Physiology group (Associated Unit to EEAD, CSIC), BIOMA Institute for Biodiversity and the Environment, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicole Regier
- Earth and Environment Sciences, Forel Institute, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Minna Turunen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | | | - Dolors Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Daniele Grifoni
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioeconomy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development (LaMMA Consortium), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zipoli
- National Research Council Institute for Biometeorology, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics & Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Cao H, Ding R, Du T, Kang S, Tong L, Chen J, Gao J. A meta-analysis highlights the cross-resistance of plants to drought and salt stresses from physiological, biochemical, and growth levels. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14282. [PMID: 38591354 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In nature, drought and salt stresses often occur simultaneously and affect plant growth at multiple levels. However, the mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought and salt stresses and their interactions are still not fully understood. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of drought, salt, and combined stresses on plant physiological, biochemical, morphological and growth traits, analyze the different responses of C3 and C4 plants, as well as halophytes and non-halophytes, and identify the interactive effects on plants. There were numerous similarities in plant responses to drought, salt, and combined stresses. C4 plants had a more effective antioxidant defense system, and could better maintain above-ground growth. Halophytes could better maintain photosynthetic rate (Pn) and relative water content (RWC), and reduce growth as an adaptation strategy. The responses of most traits (Pn, RWC, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, H2O2 content, plant dry weight, etc.) to combined stress were less-than-additive, indicating cross-resistance rather than cross-sensitivity of plants to drought and salt stresses. These results are important to improve our understanding of drought and salt cross-resistance mechanisms and further induce resistance or screen-resistant varieties under stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Cao
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Risheng Ding
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shaozhong Kang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling Tong
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
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Pernicová N, Hlaváčová M, Findurová H, Čáslavský J, Urban O, Klem K, Trnka M. Grain carbon isotopes indicate the ability of wheat plants to maintain enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency even after short-term exposure to high temperatures and drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108155. [PMID: 37952365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the impact of heat and drought on crop yields requires varieties with effective protective mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that even a short-term high temperature amplifies the negative effects of reduced water availability on leaf gas-exchange, but can induce long-lasting improvement in plant water-use efficiency after the stress period. Accordingly, three common varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were grown under field conditions. During the stem extension, the plants were exposed to distinct temperatures (daily maximum 26 vs. 38 °C), water availabilities (75% of field water capacity vs. permanent wilting point), and their combination for 14 days. All treatments reduced light-saturated rates of CO2 assimilation and transpiration, particularly when heat and drought were combined. Drought enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE) in all varieties (31.4-36.4%), but not at high temperatures (decrease by 17-52%). Intrinsic WUE (iWUE), determined from the stable carbon isotope composition of grains, was enhanced by 7.9-37% in all treatments and varieties; however, not all changes were significant. The combination of heat and drought tended to increase total protein content in grains but reduced spike productivity. Noticeably, the strongest decline in spike productivity was observed in Elan - the variety displaying the smallest enhancement of iWUE, while it was negligible in Pannonia which shows the most pronounced improvement of iWUE. We conclude that even several hot and dry days can improve iWUE for the rest of the vegetation season. This improvement, however, does not necessarily lead to increased crop productivity possibly due to physiological trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Pernicová
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Hlaváčová
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Findurová
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Klem
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Durand M, Robson TM. Fields of a thousand shimmers: canopy architecture determines high-frequency light fluctuations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2000-2015. [PMID: 36807284 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wind-induced movement in the canopy produces rapid fluctuations in irradiance, called 'windflecks'. They create a dynamic environment for photosynthesis that bears little resemblance to the stable controlled conditions under which plants are typically measured. We recorded time series of irradiance to assess the diversity of windfleck properties (intensity, duration, frequency, clustering, and spectral composition) in canopies of four crops and five tree species. We also measured traits associated with leaf morphology and canopy architecture, which could be associated with canopy-specific differences in windflecks. Distinct features of windfleck properties were identified both between and among crop and tree canopy. Windflecks in crops were generally more intense and longer, and baseline irradiance was much higher than even the peak irradiance during a windfleck in a forest. The change in spectral composition during a windfleck was species-specific. Overall, irradiance fluctuations were less frequent and less intense in tall canopies and with increased depth from the canopy. Our systematic exploration of how canopy structure dictates light dynamics provides new insight into windfleck creation. Coupled with progress in elucidation of the mechanisms of photosynthetic induction, this knowledge should improve our capacity to model canopy ecophysiology and understand light use efficiency in shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- National Forestry School, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, LA22 9BB, UK
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Exploring the Physiological Multiplicity of Native Microalgae from the Ecuadorian Highland, Italian Lowland and Indoor Locations in Response to UV-B. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021346. [PMID: 36674853 PMCID: PMC9867290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential effects of UV-B on the inhibition or activation of protective mechanisms to maintain cells photosynthetically active were investigated in native microalgae. Four strains were used, including two Chlorella sorokiniana strains, F4 and LG1, isolated from a Mediterranean inland swamp and a recycled cigarette butt's substrate, respectively, and two isolates from an Ecuadorian highland lake related to Pectinodesmus pectinatus (PEC) and Ettlia pseudoalveolaris (ETI). Monocultures were exposed to acute UV-B (1.7 W m-2) over 18 h under controlled conditions. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were evaluated at specific time points. Results showed that UV-B significantly compromised all the physiological parameters in F4, thereby resulting in the most UV-B-sensitive strain. Contrarily, UV-B exposure did not lead to changes in the PEC physiological traits, resulting in the best UV-B-resistant strain. This could be attributed to the acclimation to high light habitat, where maintaining a constitutive phenotype (at the photosynthetic level) is strategically advantageous. Differently, LG1 and ETI at 12 h of UV-B exposure showed different UV-B responses, which is probably related to acclimation, where in LG1, the pigments were recovered, and the antioxidants were still functioning, while in ETI, the accumulation of pigments and antioxidants was increased to avoid further photodamage. Consequently, the prolonged exposure in LG1 and ETI resulted in species-specific metabolic regulation (e.g., non-enzymatic antioxidants) in order to constrain full photoinhibition under acute UV-B.
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Czégény G, Rácz A. Phenolic peroxidases: Dull generalists or purposeful specialists in stress responses? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153884. [PMID: 36543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on class III peroxidases (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) as regulators of cellular H2O2 levels in leaves under oxidative stress. The effective regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in plant tissues is crucial for plant survival, and has been extensively reviewed. However, the majority of studies regard POD as a generalist without substrate specificity. This is partly due to the fact that laboratory protocols assessing POD levels use substrates, which are not contained in plants. Here, we show that both base- and stress-inducible POD activity depends on the choice of substrate. Moreover, the application of diverse substrates, particularly those contained in plants, unmasks POD isoenzymes that are distinguished by substrate preferences. This functional heterogeneity of POD responses is worth studying, especially in parallel with stress-induced changes in the phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Czégény
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arnold Rácz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary.
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UV Radiation Induces Specific Changes in the Carotenoid Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121879. [PMID: 36551307 PMCID: PMC9775031 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-B and UV-A radiation are natural components of solar radiation that can cause plant stress, as well as induce a range of acclimatory responses mediated by photoreceptors. UV-mediated accumulation of flavonoids and glucosinolates is well documented, but much less is known about UV effects on carotenoid content. Carotenoids are involved in a range of plant physiological processes, including photoprotection of the photosynthetic machinery. UV-induced changes in carotenoid profile were quantified in plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) exposed for up to ten days to supplemental UV radiation under growth chamber conditions. UV induces specific changes in carotenoid profile, including increases in antheraxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and lutein contents in leaves. The extent of induction was dependent on exposure duration. No individual UV-B (UVR8) or UV-A (Cryptochrome or Phototropin) photoreceptor was found to mediate this induction. Remarkably, UV-induced accumulation of violaxanthin could not be linked to protection of the photosynthetic machinery from UV damage, questioning the functional relevance of this UV response. Here, it is argued that plants exploit UV radiation as a proxy for other stressors. Thus, it is speculated that the function of UV-induced alterations in carotenoid profile is not UV protection, but rather protection against other environmental stressors such as high intensity visible light that will normally accompany UV radiation.
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Veselá B, Holub P, Urban O, Surá K, Hodaňová P, Oravec M, Divinová R, Jansen MAK, Klem K. UV radiation and drought interact differently in grass and forb species of a mountain grassland. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111488. [PMID: 36206962 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among abiotic stressors, drought and enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) received a lot of attention, because of their potential to impair plant growth. Since drought and UV induce partially similar protective mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that UV ameliorates the effect of reduced water availability (WA) in selected grass (Holcus mollis and Agrostis capillaris) and forb species (Hypericum maculatum and Rumex acetosa). During 2011-2014, an outdoor manipulation experiment was conducted on a mountain grassland ecosystem (Beskydy Mts; Czech Republic). Lamellar shelters were used to pass (WAamb) or exclude (WA-) incident precipitation in order to simulate reduced water availability (WA). In addition, the lamellas were made from acrylics either transmitting (UVamb) or blocking (UV-) incident UV. Generally, both UV exposure and reduced WA enhanced epidermal UV-screening, while exposure to both factors resulted in less than additive interactions. Although UV radiation increased epidermal UV-screening rather in the grass (up to 29 % in A. capillaris) than forb (up to 12 % in H. maculatum) species and rather in well-watered than reduced WA plants, such acclimation response did not result in significant alleviation of reduced WA effects on gas exchange and morphological parameters. The study contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to complex environmental conditions and will help for successful modelling forecasts of future climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Surá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hodaňová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Divinová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
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9
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Gray LA, Varga S, Soulsbury CD. Floral ultraviolet absorbance area responds plastically to ultraviolet irradiance in Brassica rapa. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:203-211. [PMID: 37283989 PMCID: PMC10168085 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to have significant effects on the development and performance of plants, including flowers. In multiple species, UV-absorbing floral patterns are associated with environmental conditions such as the solar UV exposure they typically receive. However, it is not known whether plants can increase the UV-absorbing areas found on petals plastically when in a high-UV environment. We grew Brassica rapa at three different UV radiation intensities (control, low, and high) and under two exposure duration regimes. We removed petals from flowers periodically during the flowering period and measured the proportion of the petal that absorbed UV. UV-absorbing areas increased when plants were exposed to longer periods of UV radiation, and at high UV radiation intensities. UV-absorbing area of petals of the UV intensity treatments decreased over time in long exposure plants. This study demonstrates that flowers can potentially acclimate to different UV radiation intensities and duration of exposure through an increase in UV-absorbing areas even after a relatively short exposure time to UV. Such a rapid plastic response may be especially beneficial for dynamically changing UV conditions and in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty A. Gray
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sandra Varga
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
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UV-B Irradiation Effect on Microalgae Performance in the Remediation of Effluent Derived from the Cigarette Butt Cleaning Process. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182356. [PMID: 36145757 PMCID: PMC9504614 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation to alleviate the effects of pollutants in cigarette butt wastewater (CBW) was investigated using different Chlorella sorokiniana strains (F4, R1 and LG1). Microalgae were treated with UV-B (1.7 W m−2) for 3 days prior to their exposure to CBW and then incubated for 4 days in the absence or presence of UV-B. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as nicotine and nicotyrine removal, were evaluated in 7-day cultures. UV-B treatments did not negatively impact algal chlorophyll or carotenoid production. UV-B acclimation was strain-dependent, correlating with native environment adaptations and genetic constitutions. UV-B as a pretreatment had long-term positive effects on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. However, LG1 needed more time to readjust the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, as it was the most UV-B-sensitive. Phenolic compounds played an important role in the antioxidant system response to UV-B, while flavonoids did not contribute to the total antioxidant capacity. Although cross-resistance between UV-B and CBW was observed in F4 and R1, only R1 showed nicotine/nicotyrine catabolism induction due to UV-B. Overall, the results suggest that UV-B activates defense pathways associated with resistance or tolerance to nicotine and nicotyrine.
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11
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Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Bryophyte ultraviolet-omics: from genes to the environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4412-4426. [PMID: 35274697 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has contributed to the evolution of organisms since the origins of life. Bryophytes also have evolutionary importance as the first clearly identified lineage of land plants (embryophytes) colonizing the terrestrial environment, thus facing high UV and water scarcity, among other new challenges. Here we review bryophyte UV-omics, the discipline relating bryophytes and UV, with an integrative perspective from genes to the environment. We consider species and habitats investigated, methodology, response variables, protection mechanisms, environmental interactions, UV biomonitoring, molecular and evolutionary aspects, and applications. Bryophyte UV-omics shows convergences and divergences with the UV-omics of other photosynthetic organisms, from algae to tracheophytes. All these organisms converge in that UV damage may be limited under realistic UV levels, due to structural protection and/or physiological acclimation capacity. Nevertheless, bryophytes diverge because they have a unique combination of vegetative and reproductive characteristics to cope with high UV and other concomitant adverse processes, such as desiccation. This interaction has both evolutionary and ecological implications. In addition, UV effects on bryophytes depend on the species and the evolutionary lineage considered, with mosses more UV-tolerant than liverworts. Thus, bryophytes do not constitute a homogeneous functional type with respect to their UV tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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12
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Jansen MAK, Ač A, Klem K, Urban O. A meta-analysis of the interactive effects of UV and drought on plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:41-54. [PMID: 34778989 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between climate change and UV penetration in the biosphere are resulting in the exposure of plants to new combinations of UV radiation and drought. In theory, the impacts of combinations of UV and drought may be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Lack of understanding of the impacts of combined treatments creates substantial uncertainties that hamper predictions of future ecological change. Here, we compiled information from 52 publications and analysed the relative impacts of UV and/or drought. Both UV and drought have substantial negative effects on biomass accumulation, plant height, photosynthesis, leaf area and stomatal conductance and transpiration, while increasing stress-associated symptoms such as MDA accumulation and reactive-oxygen-species content. Contents of proline, flavonoids, antioxidants and anthocyanins, associated with plant acclimation, are upregulated both under enhanced UV and drought. In plants exposed to both UV and drought, increases in plant defense responses are less-than-additive, and so are the damage and growth retardation. Less-than-additive effects were observed across field, glasshouse and growth-chamber studies, indicating similar physiological response mechanisms. Induction of a degree of cross-resistance seems the most likely interpretation of the observed less-than-additive responses. The data show that in future climates, the impacts of increases in drought exposure may be lessened by naturally high UV regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A K Jansen
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alexander Ač
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Nichelmann L, Pescheck F. Solar UV-B effects on composition and UV screening efficiency of foliar phenolics in Arabidopsis thaliana are augmented by temperature. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:762-774. [PMID: 34510467 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of foliar phenolics constitutes one strategy of plants against the potentially harmful effects of ultraviolet-B and A (UV-B, UV-A) radiation. These compounds protect photosensitive tissues by shielding and antioxidative function. It is unknown, however, whether seasonal acclimation to natural conditions may modify the UV-B effect on phenylpropanoid composition and localisation, and thus their screening efficiency. To address this debate, a field experiment with the wildtype of Arabidopsis thaliana accession Landsberg erecta (Ler) was implemented over a whole year with plants exposed to different UV-filter treatments. While seasonal increases of UV-B radiation had a slight negative effect on the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), low temperatures increased foliar HCAs. HCAs, however, did not contribute substantially to seasonal changes of in vivo UV absorbance. Kaempferol and quercetin derivatives increased significantly under ambient UV-B radiation, and low temperature interacted with this effect. A shift of epidermal UV-A shielding from kaempferol to quercetin derivatives was elucidated in UV-B presence. Despite this, a substantial 20-fold increase of quercetin derivatives, during periods with high irradiance and low temperature, did not affect UV absorbance leading to the conclusion that quercetin accumulation was not exclusively in epidermal vacuoles. Using confocal microscopy, the potential occurrence of quercetin in mesophyll cells was demonstrated in plants grown with experimental UV-B radiation at low temperature for the first time in A. thaliana. The presented study discusses the idea that cross-talk of UV-B radiation and temperature might adjust the physiological function of quercetin from an (epidermal) screening to an antioxidant substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nichelmann
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Pescheck
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Qian M, Rosenqvist E, Prinsen E, Pescheck F, Flygare AM, Kalbina I, Jansen MA, Strid Å. Downsizing in plants-UV light induces pronounced morphological changes in the absence of stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:378-395. [PMID: 34618138 PMCID: PMC8418406 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light induces a stocky phenotype in many plant species. In this study, we investigate this effect with regard to specific UV wavebands (UV-A or UV-B) and the cause for this dwarfing. UV-A- or UV-B-enrichment of growth light both resulted in a smaller cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) phenotype, exhibiting decreased stem and petiole lengths and leaf area (LA). Effects were larger in plants grown in UV-B- than in UV-A-enriched light. In plants grown in UV-A-enriched light, decreases in stem and petiole lengths were similar independent of tissue age. In the presence of UV-B radiation, stems and petioles were progressively shorter the younger the tissue. Also, plants grown under UV-A-enriched light significantly reallocated photosynthates from shoot to root and also had thicker leaves with decreased specific LA. Our data therefore imply different morphological plant regulatory mechanisms under UV-A and UV-B radiation. There was no evidence of stress in the UV-exposed plants, neither in photosynthetic parameters, total chlorophyll content, or in accumulation of damaged DNA (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers). The abscisic acid content of the plants also was consistent with non-stress conditions. Parameters such as total leaf antioxidant activity, leaf adaxial epidermal flavonol content and foliar total UV-absorbing pigment levels revealed successful UV acclimation of the plants. Thus, the UV-induced dwarfing, which displayed different phenotypes depending on UV wavelengths, occurred in healthy cucumber plants, implying a regulatory adjustment as part of the UV acclimation processes involving UV-A and/or UV-B photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Qian
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Section of Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Frauke Pescheck
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Flygare
- Statistics Unit, School of Business, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Irina Kalbina
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marcel A.K. Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, North Mall, T23 TK30 Cork, Ireland
| | - Åke Strid
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
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15
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Rácz A, Hideg É. Narrow-Band 311 nm Ultraviolet-B Radiation Evokes Different Antioxidant Responses from Broad-Band Ultraviolet. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081570. [PMID: 34451615 PMCID: PMC8400681 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental narrow-band 311 nm UV-B radiation was applied in order to study the effect of this specific wavelength on tobacco as a model plant. UV-B at photon fluxes varying between 2.9 and 9.9 μmol m−2 s−1 was applied to supplement 150 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for four hours in the middle of the light period for four days. Narrow-band UV-B increased leaf flavonoid and phenolic acid contents. In leaves exposed to 311 nm radiation, superoxide dismutase activity increased, but phenolic peroxidase activity decreased, and the changes were proportional to the UV flux. Ascorbate peroxidase activities were not significantly affected. Narrow-band UV-B caused a dose-dependent linear decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, up to approximately 10% loss. A parallel decrease in non-regulated non-photochemical quenching indicates potential electron transfer to oxygen in UV-treated leaves. In addition to a flux-dependent increase in the imbalance between enzymatic H2O2 production and neutralization, this resulted in an approximately 50% increase in leaf H2O2 content under 2.9–6 μmol m−2 s−1 UV-B. Leaf H2O2 decreased to control levels under higher UV-B fluxes due to the onset of increased non-enzymatic H2O2- and superoxide-neutralizing capacities, which were not observed under lower fluxes. These antioxidant responses to 311 nm UV-B were different from our previous findings in plants exposed to broad-band UV-B. The results suggest that signaling pathways activated by 311 nm radiation are distinct from those stimulated by other wavelengths and support the heterogeneous regulation of plant UV responses.
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16
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Abstract
Tropospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O3) have undergone a great increase from preindustrial 10–15 ppbv to a present-day concentration of 35–40 ppbv in large parts of the industrialised world due to increased emissions of O3 precursors including NOx, CO, CH4 and volatile organic compounds. The rate of increase in O3 concentration ranges between 1 ppbv per decade in remote locations of the Southern hemisphere and 5 ppbv per decade in the Northern hemisphere, where largest sources of O3 precursors are located. Molecules of O3 penetrating into the leaves through the stomatal apertures trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading thus to the damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Accordingly, it is assumed, that O3 increase reduces the terrestrial carbon uptake relative to the preindustrial era. Here we summarise the results of previous manipulative experiments in laboratory growth cabinets, field open-top chambers and free-air systems together with O3 flux measurements under natural growth conditions. In particular, we focus on leaf-level physiological responses in trees, variability in stomatal O3 flux and changes in carbon fluxes and biomass production in forest stands. As the results reported in the literature are highly variable, ranging from negligible to severe declines in photosynthetic carbon uptake, we also discuss the possible interactions of O3 with other environmental factors including solar radiation, drought, temperature and nitrogen deposition. Those factors were found to have great potential to modulate stomata openness and O3 fluxes.
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17
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Rácz A, Czégény G, Csepregi K, Hideg É. Ultraviolet-B acclimation is supported by functionally heterogeneous phenolic peroxidases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16303. [PMID: 33004945 PMCID: PMC7530754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco plants were grown in plant chambers for four weeks, then exposed to one of the following treatments for 4 days: (1) daily supplementary UV-B radiation corresponding to 6.9 kJ m-2 d-1 biologically effective dose (UV-B), (2) daily irrigation with 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide, or (3) a parallel application of the two treatments (UV-B + H2O2). Neither the H2O2 nor the UV-B treatments were found to be damaging to leaf photosynthesis. Both single factor treatments increased leaf H2O2 contents but had distinct effects on various H2O2 neutralising mechanisms. Non-enzymatic H2O2 antioxidant capacities were increased by direct H2O2 treatment only, but not by UV-B. In contrast, enzymatic H2O2 neutralisation was mostly increased by UV-B, the responses showing an interesting diversity. When class-III peroxidase (POD) activity was assayed using an artificial substrate (ABTS, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), both treatments appeared to have a positive effect. However, only UV-B-treated leaves showed higher POD activities when phenolic compounds naturally occurring in tobacco leaves (chlorogenic acid or quercetin) were used as substrates. These results demonstrate a substrate-dependent, functional heterogeneity in POD and further suggest that the selective activation of specific isoforms in UV-B acclimated leaves is not triggered by excess H2O2 in these leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Rácz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Gyula Czégény
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Csepregi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
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18
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Bernhard GH, Neale RE, Barnes PW, Neale PJ, Zepp RG, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bais AF, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Young PJ, Liley JB, Lucas RM, Yazar S, Rhodes LE, Byrne SN, Hollestein LM, Olsen CM, Young AR, Robson TM, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Williamson CE, Rose KC, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Wängberg SÅ, Austin AT, Hou WC, Paul ND, Madronich S, Sulzberger B, Solomon KR, Li H, Schikowski T, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM, White CC. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:542-584. [PMID: 32364555 PMCID: PMC7442302 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp90011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595-828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University, New Orleans, USA
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - R G Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A L Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - A F Bais
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R L McKenzie
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - P J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - L E Rhodes
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - S N Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L M Hollestein
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Manchester, The Netherlands
| | - C M Olsen
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, London, UK
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - C L Ballaré
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C E Williamson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - K C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D -P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - S -Å Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A T Austin
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W -C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, China
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - H Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Schikowski
- Research Group of Environmental Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Longstreth
- Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - K K Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C C White
- , 5409 Mohican Rd, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Yan Y, Stoddard FL, Neugart S, Oravec M, Urban O, Sadras VO, Aphalo PJ. The transgenerational effects of solar short-UV radiation differed in two accessions of Vicia faba L. from contrasting UV environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153145. [PMID: 32145578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS UVB radiation can rapidly induce gene regulation leading to cumulative changes for plant physiology and morphology. We hypothesized that a transgenerational effect of chronic exposure to solar short UV modulates the offspring's responses to UVB and blue light, and that the transgenerational effect is genotype dependent. METHODS We established a factorial experiment combining two Vicia faba L. accessions, two parental UV treatments (full sunlight and exclusion of short UV, 290-350 nm), and four offspring light treatments from the factorial combination of UVB and blue light. The accessions were Aurora from southern Sweden, and ILB938 from Andean region of Colombia and Ecuador. KEY RESULTS The transgenerational effect influenced morphological responses to blue light differently in the two accessions. In Aurora, when UVB was absent, blue light increased shoot dry mass only in plants whose parents were protected from short UV. In ILB938, blue light increased leaf area and shoot dry mass more in plants whose parents were exposed to short UV than those that were not. Moreover, when the offspring was exposed to UVB, the transgenerational effect decreased in ILB938 and disappeared in Aurora. For flavonoids, the transgenerational effect was detected only in Aurora: parental exposure to short UV was associated with a greater induction of total quercetin in response to UVB. Transcript abundance was higher in Aurora than in ILB938 for both CHALCONE SYNTHASE (99-fold) and DON-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (19-fold). CONCLUSIONS The results supported both hypotheses. Solar short UV had transgenerational effects on progeny responses to blue and UVB radiation, and they differed between the accessions. These transgenerational effects could be adaptive by acclimation of slow and cumulative morphological change, and by early build-up of UV protection through flavonoid accumulation on UVB exposure. The differences between the two accessions aligned with their adaptation to contrasting UV environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Department of Biosciences, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Frederick L Stoddard
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS) and Helsinki Sustainability Centre, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Victor O Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, Australia; The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Australia
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Department of Biosciences, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Huarancca Reyes T, Esparza E, Crestani G, Limonchi F, Cruz R, Salinas N, Scartazza A, Guglielminetti L, Cosio E. Physiological responses of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) plants to UV radiation in its high-altitude mountain ecosystem. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2654. [PMID: 32060345 PMCID: PMC7021813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a small fraction of the solar spectrum, which acts as a key environmental modulator of plant function affecting metabolic regulation and growth. Plant species endemic to the Andes are well adapted to the harsh features of high-altitude climate, including high UV radiation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) is a member of Brassicaceae family native to the central Andes of Peru, which grows between 3500 and 4500 m of altitude, where only highland grasses and few hardy bushes can survive. Even though maca has been the focus of recent researches, mainly due to its nutraceutical properties, knowledge regarding its adaptation mechanisms to these particular natural environmental conditions is scarce. In this study, we manipulated solar UV radiation by using UV-transmitting (Control) or blocking (UV-block) filters under field conditions (4138 m above the sea level) in order to understand the impact of UV on morphological and physiological parameters of maca crops over a complete growing season. Compared to the UV-blocking filter, under control condition a significant increase of hypocotyl weight was observed during the vegetative phase together with a marked leaf turnover. Although parameters conferring photosynthetic performance were not altered by UV, carbohydrate allocation between above and underground organs was affected. Control condition did not influence the content of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in hypocotyls, while some differences were observed in the rosettes. These differences were mainly related to leaf turnover and the protection of new young leaves in control plants. Altogether, the data suggest that maca plants respond to strong UV radiation at high altitudes by a coordinated remobilization and relocation of metabolites between source and sink organs via a possible UV signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eliana Esparza
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Gaia Crestani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabián Limonchi
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Rudi Cruz
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eric Cosio
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
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21
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Palma CFF, Castro-Alves V, Morales LO, Rosenqvist E, Ottosen CO, Strid Å. Spectral Composition of Light Affects Sensitivity to UV-B and Photoinhibition in Cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610011. [PMID: 33469462 PMCID: PMC7813804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) (280-315 nm) and ultraviolet A (UV-A) (315-400 nm) radiation comprise small portions of the solar radiation but regulate many aspects of plant development, physiology and metabolism. Until now, how plants respond to UV-B in the presence of different light qualities is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effects of a low UV-B dose (0.912 ± 0.074 kJ m-2 day-1, at a 6 h daily UV exposure) in combination with four light treatments (blue, green, red and broadband white at 210 μmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]) on morphological and physiological responses of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. "Lausanna RZ F1"). We explored the effects of light quality backgrounds on plant morphology, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, epidermal pigment accumulation, and on acclimation ability to saturating light intensity. Our results showed that supplementary UV-B significantly decreased biomass accumulation in the presence of broad band white, blue and green light, but not under red light. UV-B also reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of CO2 fixation (α) when combined with blue light. These plants, despite showing high accumulation of anthocyanins, were unable to cope with saturating light conditions. No significant effects of UV-B in combination with green light were observed for gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, but supplementary UV-B significantly increased chlorophyll and flavonol contents in the leaf epidermis. Plants grown under red light and UV-B significantly increased maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration compared to pure red light. Additionally, red and UV-B treated plants exposed to saturating light intensity showed higher quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), fraction of open PSII centres and electron transport rate and showed no effect on the apparent maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) or non-photochemical quenching, in contrast to solely red-light conditions. These findings provide new insights into how plants respond to UV-B radiation in the presence of different light spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Castro-Alves
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Carl-Otto Ottosen,
| | - Åke Strid
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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22
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Robson TM, Aphalo PJ, Banaś AK, Barnes PW, Brelsford CC, Jenkins GI, Kotilainen TK, Łabuz J, Martínez-Abaigar J, Morales LO, Neugart S, Pieristè M, Rai N, Vandenbussche F, Jansen MAK. A perspective on ecologically relevant plant-UV research and its practical application. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:970-988. [PMID: 30720036 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation through the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8), and initiate regulatory responses via associated signalling networks, gene expression and metabolic pathways. Various regulatory adaptations to UV-B radiation enable plants to harvest information about fluctuations in UV-B irradiance and spectral composition in natural environments, and to defend themselves against UV-B exposure. Given that UVR8 is present across plant organs and tissues, knowledge of the systemic signalling involved in its activation and function throughout the plant is important for understanding the context of specific responses. Fine-scale understanding of both UV-B irradiance and perception within tissues and cells requires improved application of knowledge about UV-attenuation in leaves and canopies, warranting greater consideration when designing experiments. In this context, reciprocal crosstalk among photoreceptor-induced pathways also needs to be considered, as this appears to produce particularly complex patterns of physiological and morphological response. Through crosstalk, plant responses to UV-B radiation go beyond simply UV-protection or amelioration of damage, but may give cross-protection over a suite of environmental stressors. Overall, there is emerging knowledge showing how information captured by UVR8 is used to regulate molecular and physiological processes, although understanding of upscaling to higher levels of organisation, i.e. organisms, canopies and communities remains poor. Achieving this will require further studies using model plant species beyond Arabidopsis, and that represent a broad range of functional types. More attention should also be given to plants in natural environments in all their complexity, as such studies are needed to acquire an improved understanding of the impact of climate change in the context of plant-UV responses. Furthermore, broadening the scope of experiments into the regulation of plant-UV responses will facilitate the application of UV radiation in commercial plant production. By considering the progress made in plant-UV research, this perspective highlights prescient topics in plant-UV photobiology where future research efforts can profitably be focussed. This perspective also emphasises burgeoning interdisciplinary links that will assist in understanding of UV-B effects across organisational scales and gaps in knowledge that need to be filled so as to achieve an integrated vision of plant responses to UV-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Finland.
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23
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Mátai A, Jakab G, Hideg É. Single-dose β-aminobutyric acid treatment modifies tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf acclimation to consecutive UV-B treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:359-366. [PMID: 30534744 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00437d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) pre-treatment has been shown to alter both biotic and abiotic stress responses. The present study extends this observation to acclimative UV-B-response, which has not been explored in this context so far. A single soil application of 300 ppm BABA modified the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacities and the leaf hydrogen peroxide levels in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves in response to a 9-day treatment with 5.4 kJ m-2 d-1 biologically effective supplementary UV-B radiation in a model experiment that was performed in a growth chamber. BABA decreased leaf hydrogen peroxide levels both as a single factor and in combination with UV-B, but neither BABA nor UV-B affected leaf photochemistry significantly. The total antioxidant capacities were increased by either BABA or UV-B, and this response was additive in BABA pre-treated leaves. These results together with the observed changes in hydroxyl radical neutralising ability and non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide antioxidant capacities show that BABA pre-treatment (i) has a long-term effect on leaf antioxidants even in the absence of other factors and (ii) modifies acclimative readjustment of prooxidant-antioxidant balance in response to UV-B. BABA-inducible antioxidants do not include phenolic compounds as a UV-B-induced increase in the adaxial leaf flavonoid index and total leaf extract UV absorption were unaffected by BABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Mátai
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jakab
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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