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Ahmed E, Musio B, Todisco S, Mastrorilli P, Gallo V, Saponari M, Nigro F, Gualano S, Santoro F. Non-Targeted Spectranomics for the Early Detection of Xylella fastidiosa Infection in Asymptomatic Olive Trees, cv. Cellina di Nardò. Molecules 2023; 28:7512. [PMID: 38005234 PMCID: PMC10672767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a disease that has been seriously affecting olive trees in southern Italy since around 2009. During the disease, caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca sequence type ST53 (Xf), the flow of water and nutrients within the trees is significantly compromised. Initially, infected trees may not show any symptoms, making early detection challenging. In this study, young artificially infected plants of the susceptible cultivar Cellina di Nardò were grown in a controlled environment and co-inoculated with additional xylem-inhabiting fungi. Asymptomatic leaves of olive plants at an early stage of infection were collected and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), hyperspectral reflectance (HSR), and chemometrics. The application of a spectranomic approach contributed to shedding light on the relationship between the presence of specific hydrosoluble metabolites and the optical properties of both asymptomatic Xf-infected and non-infected olive leaves. Significant correlations between wavebands located in the range of 530-560 nm and 1380-1470 nm, and the following metabolites were found to be indicative of Xf infection: malic acid, fructose, sucrose, oleuropein derivatives, and formic acid. This information is the key to the development of HSR-based sensors capable of early detection of Xf infections in olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhussein Ahmed
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (E.A.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Biagia Musio
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (E.A.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Stefano Todisco
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (E.A.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (E.A.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
- Innovative Solutions S.r.l.—Spin-Off Company of Polytechnic University of Bari, Zona H 150/B, 70015 Noci, Italy
| | - Vito Gallo
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (E.A.); (S.T.); (P.M.); (V.G.)
- Innovative Solutions S.r.l.—Spin-Off Company of Polytechnic University of Bari, Zona H 150/B, 70015 Noci, Italy
| | - Maria Saponari
- Istituto Per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Franco Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefania Gualano
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Franco Santoro
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM Bari), Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
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Tammar S, Salem N, Aidi Wannes W, Limam H, Bourgou S, Fares N, Dakhlaoui S, Hammami M, Khammassi S, Re GD, Hessini K, Msaada K. Chemometric Profiling and Bioactivity of Verbena ( Aloysia citrodora) Methanolic Extract from Four Localities in Tunisia. Foods 2021; 10:2912. [PMID: 34945462 PMCID: PMC8700817 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study the chemical composition of Aloysia citrodora methanolic extract and its biological activities as an antioxidant, and its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities based on four bioclimatic collection stages. The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and total tannins were determined. Nine phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The major compound was acteoside, a phenylpropanoid which represented about 80% of the methanolic fraction in the various regions. The antioxidant activities of different locations were measured by different analytical assays, such as DPPH, ABTS and iron reducing power. The results showed that phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities varied with climatic and environmental factors. Moreover, there was a significant dependency between regions and biological activities. The use of a principal component analysis showed that there was a close relationship among phenylpropanoids, phenolic compounds and the studied biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tammar
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Salem
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (N.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Wissem Aidi Wannes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Hajer Limam
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
- College of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Bourgou
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Nedia Fares
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (N.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Sarra Dakhlaoui
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Saber Khammassi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Giovanni Del Re
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’ Informazione e di Economia, Università dell’Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamel Msaada
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (S.T.); (H.L.); (S.B.); (S.D.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (K.M.)
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Butt MS, Tariq U, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Naz A, Rizwan M. Neuroprotective effects of oleuropein: Recent developments and contemporary research. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13967. [PMID: 34716610 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are increasing at a faster pace due to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. It is reported that the Mediterranean diet including olives as a major dietary component prevents and ameliorates neurological anomalies. Oleuropein is the major bioactive component in different parts of the Olive (Olea europaea L.) tree. Several mechanisms have been reported for the neuroprotective role of oleuropein including induction of apoptosis and autophagy, enhancing the antioxidant pool of the cerebral region, decreasing the unnecessary release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by deactivating the microglia cells and astrocytes thus preventing the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Regular intake of oleuropein seems to be correlated with decreased risks of neural disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, strokes, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and others. This review majorly discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, and metabolism of oleuropein along with an updated vision of its neuroprotective role in counteracting the acute and chronic neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, mechanisms by which oleuropein may prevent neurodegeneration are reviewed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Neurological disorders are negatively affecting the health and life quality of individuals around the globe. Although various medicinal solutions are available to tackle such ailments, none has proven to fully cure and being deprived of side effects. In this respect, the prevention of such disorders using natural remedies may be an effective strategy to overcome the incidence of the increasing cases. Furthermore, the natural compounds provide a safer alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. Hence, oleuropein from olive tree products is found to be efficacious against neurological disorders. This review provides an updated insight on the positive effects of oleuropein against neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The diet practitioners and nutraceutical companies may benefit from the provided information to design and develop strategies to improve the mental health of suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zhang G, Yu F, Dong R, Yu J, Luo M, Zha Y. Verbascoside alleviates renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats by inhibiting macrophage infiltration. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:752-759. [PMID: 34630952 PMCID: PMC8487594 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52759.11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): To explore the effect of verbascoside on renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into sham-operated, UUO, and UUO+Verbascoside groups. After two weeks of rat model construction, urine and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis while kidney tissues were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining. Pearson coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the two proteins. Results: Verbascoside improved UUO-induced renal dysfunction as detected by decreased serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urinary protein excretion rate. In UUO rats, H&E staining result revealed increased total nucleated cell number, and Masson’s Trichrome staining results showed tubular interstitial fibrosis with the deposition of collagen fibrils. Besides, expressions of fibrosis-related proteins including collagen type I (COL-I), α-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) expressed higher in the UUO group. Moreover, macrophage infiltration-related factors such as CD68+, F4/80+ cells, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) were significantly higher in the UUO group than in sham-operated rats. However, after administration with verbascoside, the accumulation of collagen fibrils and total nucleated cell numbers were mitigated. Likewise, macrophage infiltration was extenuated and fibrosis-related proteins were down-regulated in the UUO+Verbascoside rats. Correlation analysis indicated that macrophage infiltration-related markers were related to fibrosis-related factors. Conclusion: Verbascoside could alleviate renal fibrosis in UUO rats probably through ameliorating macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China
| | - Fuxun Yu
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Gui Yang, Gui Zhou, China
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Effect of Selected Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites on Olive Drupes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma are used as biofungicides and plant growth promoters. Trichoderma strains promote the activation of plant defense mechanisms of action, including the production of phenolic metabolites. In this work, we analyzed the effects of selected Trichoderma strains (T. asperellum KV906, T. virens GV41, and T. harzianum strains TH1, M10, and T22) and their metabolites (harzianic acid and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone) on drupes of young olive trees (4-year-old) cv. Carolea. This study used the untargeted analysis of drupe metabolome, carried out by LC–MS Q-TOF, to evaluate the phenolics profiles and target metabolomics approach to detect oleuropein and luteolin. The untargeted approach showed significant differences in the number and type of phenolic compounds in olive drupes after Trichoderma applications (by root dipping and drench soil irrigation method) compared to control. The levels of oleuropein (secoiridoid) and luteolin (flavonoid) varied according to the strain or metabolite applied, and in some cases, were less abundant in treated plants than in the control. In general, flavonoids’ levels were influenced more than secoiridoid production. The dissimilar aptitudes of the biological treatments could depend on the selective competence to cooperate with the enzymes involved in producing the secondary metabolites to defend plants by environmental stresses. Our results suggest that using selected fungi of the genus Trichoderma and their metabolites could contribute to selecting the nutraceutical properties of the olive drupe. The use of the metabolites would bring further advantages linked to the dosage in culture and storage.
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Lo Giudice V, Faraone I, Bruno MR, Ponticelli M, Labanca F, Bisaccia D, Massarelli C, Milella L, Todaro L. Olive Trees By-Products as Sources of Bioactive and Other Industrially Useful Compounds: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165081. [PMID: 34443669 PMCID: PMC8399450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to produce an ever-increasing quantity of material products and food resulting from the planet globalization process has contributed to the spread of modern agriculture based on a linear production resulting in the generation of tons of waste. This huge amount of waste is generally accumulated in landfills, causing different environmental problems. Hence, researchers moved on to study the processes used to recover agro-industrial by-products within a circular and sustainable bio-economy concept. A systematic quest on Scopus and PubMed databases was performed to identify the data available to date on recycling agro-industrial by-products of Olea europaea L. This systematic review summarizes the knowledge regarding the use of olive trees by-products for producing animal feed, biocomposites, bioethanol, cellulose pulp, activated carbon, and as a fuel source for energy production. Furthermore, the data regarding the potential biological activity of extracts from olive roots, wood, bark, and pruning were analyzed. Olive trees by-products are, indeed, rich in molecules with antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer activity, representing a promising candidate for treat several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lo Giudice
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.G.); (M.R.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Roberta Bruno
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.G.); (M.R.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabiana Labanca
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Donatella Bisaccia
- Italian National Research Council—Water Research Institute, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy; (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmine Massarelli
- Italian National Research Council—Water Research Institute, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70123 Bari, Italy; (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (M.P.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Todaro
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.G.); (M.R.B.); (L.T.)
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Biophenolic Profile Modulations in Olive Tissues as Affected by Manganese Nutrition. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081724. [PMID: 34451769 PMCID: PMC8402200 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that intervenes in several plant metabolic processes. The olive tree, and its fruits and leaves, are known as a source of nutraceuticals since they are rich in biophenols. However, there is still a serious lack of data about biophenolic distribution in olive stems and roots under Mn fertilisation. In this context, our study aimed to examine the effects of Mn fertilisation on the biophenolic profile in the leaves, stems, and roots of the ‘Istarska bjelica’ olive cultivar. The experiment was set up in a greenhouse, during a period of five months, as a random block design consisting of three treatments with varying Mn concentrations in full-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution (0.2 µM Mn, 12 µM Mn, and 24 µM Mn). The obtained results indicate that the amount of Mn in the examined olive plant tissues was significantly higher under 12 µM Mn and 24 µM Mn treatments compared to that of the 0.2 µM Mn treatment. While the concentration of biophenols varied in roots depending on the compound in question, a strong positive impact of the increased Mn concentration in nutrient solution (12 µM Mn and 24 µM Mn) on the concentrations of the main biophenolic compounds was observed in stems. The concentration of oleuropein in leaves almost doubled at 24 µM Mn, with the highest Mn concentration, as compared to the 0.2 µM Mn treatment. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the supply of Mn could enhance the concentration of some biologically active compounds in olives grown hydroponically, implying a critical need for further investigation of Mn fertilisation practices in the conventional olive farming system.
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Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Figueiredo C, Santos C, Silva AMS. Phenolic and lipophilic metabolite adjustments in Olea europaea (olive) trees during drought stress and recovery. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 185:112695. [PMID: 33581598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of combined stress events is increasing due to climate change and represents a new threat to olive (Olea europaea) culture. How olive plants modulate their profile of metabolites under multiple stressing agents remains to unveil, although several metabolites affect plants' resilience, and olive production and quality. Young olive plants were exposed to a water deficit (WD) for 30 days and then exposed to a shock of heat and high UVB-radiation (WDHS+UVB treatment) for 2 days. Then, plants were re-watered and grown under optimal conditions (recovery) for 30 days. Leaves were collected after stress and recovery, analysed by liquid and gas chromatography, and the lipophilic and phenolic profiles were characterized. Except for the oleuropein derivatives, the qualitative metabolite profile was similar during stress and recovery. Metabolite increases or decreases in response to stress were stronger when WD was followed by WDHS+UVB treatment. Phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol derivatives, oleuropein, and lucidumoside C) were the most involved after WD and WDHS+UVB, possibly acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Lipophilic compounds were more relevant during the recovery period. The catabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates may provide the necessary energy for plant performance reestablishment, and sterols, long-chain alkanes, and terpenes metabolic pathways may be shifted for the production of compounds with a more important stress protection role. This work highlights for the first time that tolerance mechanisms activated by WD in olive plants are related to metabolite changes, that are adjusted when other stressors are overlapped (WDHS+UVB), and also help the plants recover. This metabolites' plasticity represents an essential contribution to understanding how dry-farming olive orchards may deal with drought combined with high UV-B or heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Figueiredo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- IB2, Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Astudillo-Pascual M, Domínguez I, Aguilera PA, Garrido Frenich A. New Phenolic Compounds in Posidonia oceanica Seagrass: A Comprehensive Array Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050864. [PMID: 33923075 PMCID: PMC8145229 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The studies on the Posidonia oceanica Delile (P. oceanica) phenolic composition have been focused on the foliar tissues and have often neglected the phenolic compounds in rhizomes or roots alike. With the current improvements in high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyzers, such as the Orbitrap MS, there is a new opportunity to more deeply study P. oceanica. One of the benefits is the possibility of conducting an exhaustive phenolic monitoring, which is crucial in the search for new stressor-specific biomarkers of coastal deterioration. For this purpose, the different tissues (leaf, rhizome, and root) of P. oceanica seagrass from several marine sampling areas were analyzed through target, suspected, and non-target screenings. This paper brings a fast and tissues-specific extraction, as well as a detection method of phenolic compounds applying for the first time the potential of HRMS (Exactive Orbitrap) in P. oceanica samples. As a result, 42 phenolic compounds were satisfactorily detected, of which, to our knowledge, 24 were not previously reported in P. oceanica, such as naringenin, naringenin chalcone and pinocembrin, among others. Information here reported could be used for the evaluation of new stressor-specific biomarkers of coastal deterioration in the Mediterranean waters. Furthermore, the followed extraction and analytical method could be considered as a reference protocol in other studies on marine seagrasses due to the exhaustive search and satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Astudillo-Pascual
- Department of Biology and Geology, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Irene Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro A. Aguilera
- Department of Biology and Geology, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almeria, Spain;
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Marra R, Coppola M, Pironti A, Grasso F, Lombardi N, d’Errico G, Sicari A, Bolletti Censi S, Woo SL, Rao R, Vinale F. The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040369. [PMID: 33339378 PMCID: PMC7766153 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma can antagonize numerous plant pathogens and promote plant growth using different mechanisms of action, including the production of secondary metabolites (SMs). In this work we analyzed the effects of repeated applications of selected Trichoderma strains or SMs on young olive trees on the stimulation of plant growth and on the development of olive leaf spot disease caused by Fusicladium oleagineum. In addition, metabolomic analyses and gene expression profiles of olive leaves were carried out by LC-MS Q-TOF and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. A total of 104 phenolic compounds were detected from olive leave extracts and 20 were putatively identified. Targeted and untargeted approaches revealed significant differences in both the number and type of phenolic compounds accumulated in olive leaves after Trichoderma applications, as compared to water-treated plants. Different secoiridoids were less abundant in treated plants than in controls, while the accumulation of flavonoids (including luteolin and apigenin derivatives) increased following the application of specific Trichoderma strain. The induction of defense-related genes, and of genes involved in the synthesis of the secoiridoid oleuropein, was also analyzed and revealed a significant variation of gene expression according to the strain or metabolite applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812532253
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Angela Pironti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Filomena Grasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
| | - Giada d’Errico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
| | - Andrea Sicari
- Linfa S.c.a r.l., 89900 Vibo Valentia, Italy; (A.S.); (S.B.C.)
| | | | - Sheridan L. Woo
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.G.); (N.L.); (G.d.); (R.R.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (S.L.W.); (F.V.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Mechri B, Tekaya M, Attia F, Hammami M, Chehab H. Drought stress improved the capacity of Rhizophagus irregularis for inducing the accumulation of oleuropein and mannitol in olive (Olea europaea) roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:178-191. [PMID: 32961433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive trees are often subjected to a prolonged dry season with low water availability, which induces oxidative stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses can improve olive plant tolerance to water deficit. This study investigated several aspects related to drought tolerance in AM fungi olive plants. Non-AM and AM plants were grown under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions, and mycorrhizal growth response, neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA)16:1ω5 and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 in roots (intraradical mycelium) and in soil (extraradical mycelium), carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyols) and phenolic compounds (phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, lignans, secoiridoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) were determined. Results showed that the amounts of PLFA 16:1ω5 and NLFA 16:1ω5 were significantly influenced by drought stress conditions. The NLFA 16:1ω5/PLFA 16:1ω5 ratio showed a dramatic decrease (-62%) with the application of water deficit stress, indicating that AM fungi allocated low carbon to storage structures under stress conditions. Mannitol and verbascoside are the main compounds detected in the roots of well-watered plants, whereas oleuropein and mannitol are the main compounds differentially accumulated in the roots of water-stressed plants. The oleuropein/verbascoside ratio increased in the case of drought-stressed AM plants by 30%, while the mannitol/oleuropein ratio was decreased by 46%, when compared to the non-AM stressed plants. Mycorrhization therefore oriented the flux toward the biosynthetic pathway of oleuropein and the data suggest that sugar and phenolic compound metabolism may have been redirected to the formation of oleuropein in roots of AM stressed plants, that may underlie their enhanced tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beligh Mechri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Tekaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Attia
- The Olive Tree Institute, Unit Specializing in Sousse, Ibn Khaldoun Street B.P. 14, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Chehab
- The Olive Tree Institute, Unit Specializing in Sousse, Ibn Khaldoun Street B.P. 14, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
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12
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Effects of drought stress on phenolic accumulation in greenhouse-grown olive trees (Olea europaea). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ren Z, Ji X, Jiao Z, Luo Y, Zhang GQ, Tao S, Lei Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu ZJ, Wei G. Functional analysis of a novel C-glycosyltransferase in the orchid Dendrobium catenatum. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32637139 PMCID: PMC7326982 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, which are a diverse class of phytonutrients, are used by organisms to respond to nearly all abiotic stresses and are beneficial for human health. Glycosyltransferase, used during the last step of flavonoid biosynthesis, is important in flavonoid enrichment. However, little is known about glycosyltransferase in the orchid Dendrobium catenatum (D. officinale). In this study, we isolated a novel C-glycosyltransferase (designated DcaCGT) from the orchid D. catenatum by identifying and analyzing 82 putative genes in the GT1 family. DcaCGT could specifically catalyze not only di-C-glycosylation but also O-glycosylation. Apart from the normal function of catalyzing 2-hydroxynaringenin and phloretin to the respective di-C-glycosides, DcaCGT also catalyzes apigenin to cosmosiin. Targeted metabolic profiling of the substrates (2-hydroxynaringenin, phloretin, and apigenin) and products (vitexin, isovitexin, vicenin-2, nothofagin, 3',5'-di-C-glucosylphloretin, and cosmosiin) in different tissues showed that vicenin-2 was the most abundant product of this novel enzyme. Cosmosiin was detected in flowers and flower buds. We also established that DcaCGT functions expanded throughout the evolution of D. catenatum. Residual OGT activity may help D. catenatum resist drought stress. Our study illustrates the function, origin, and differentiation of DcaCGT and provides insights into glycosylation and molecular propagation processes, which can be used to improve the production of flavonoids by the cultivated medicinal plant D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Zhenbin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114 China
| | - Yingyi Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114 China
| | - Shengchang Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Shaoguan Institute of Danxia Dendrobium Officinale, Shaoguan, 512005 China
| | - Zhouxi Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005 China
| | - Gang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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