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Li C, Li Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Zhong S, Wang C, Du D. The nitrogen-sulfur ratio of acid rain modulates the leaf- and root-mediated co-allelopathy of Solidago canadensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02788-2. [PMID: 39031252 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The majority of allelopathic studies on invasive plants have focused primarily on their leaf-mediated allelopathy, with relatively little attention paid to their root-mediated allelopathy, especially co-allelopathy mediated by both leaves and roots. It is conceivable that the diversified composition of acid rain may influence the allelopathy of invasive plants. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis L. under acid rain with different nitrogen-sulfur ratios (N/S) on Lactuca sativa L. via a hydroponic incubation. The root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis was found to be more pronounced than the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis with nitric acid at pH 4.5, but the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis was observed to be more pronounced than the root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis with sulfuric-rich acid at pH 4.5. The leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of S. canadensis was more pronounced than that of either part alone with sulfuric acid at pH 5.6 and nitric acid at pH 4.5, but not with nitric-rich acid at pH 4.5 and sulfuric-rich acid at pH 4.5. Sulfuric acid and sulfuric-rich acid with stronger acidity intensified the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis. Nitric acid and nitric-rich acid attenuated the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis, and most types of acid rain (especially nitric acid and nitric-rich acid) also attenuated the root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis and the leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of S. canadensis. Sulfuric acid and sulfuric-rich acid produced a more pronounced effect than nitric acid and nitric-rich acid. Hence, the N/S ratio of acid rain influenced the allelopathy of S. canadensis under acid rain with multiple N/S ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhelun Xu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingsheng Liu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College & Institute of Environment and Ecology & School of Emergency Management & School of Environment and Safety Engineering & School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Yang W, Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L. The effect of exogenous plant growth regulators on elevated Cd phytoremediation by Solanum nigrum L. in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3964-3975. [PMID: 38097832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Maximizing amendment potential is an emphasis in the HM-contaminated field of phytoremediation by hyperaccumulators due to the low bioavailability of HMs in soils and small biomass yields of plants. This study investigated the influence of different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators on Cd phytoremediation by Solanum nigrum in contaminated soil. Our conclusions showed that the shoot Cd extractions (μg plant-1) and the root and shoot biomasses at all the treatments remarkedly increased compared with that of the CK (p < 0.05), while the Cd concentrations at root and aboveground parts by S. nigrum, the extractable Cd concentrations, and pH value of soils did not change significantly compared with the CK (p < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the shoot Cd phytoaccumulation and the root and aboveground biomasses of S. nigrum were particularly dependent upon the application of CTK and GA3 concentration gradient (p < 0.05). Moreover, some related physicochemical indexes were determined for supervising the growth conditions of plants, and these results pointed out that after exogenous PGRs treatments, the chlorophyll content and antioxidative enzymes POD and SOD activities in vivo of plants clearly advanced, while the H2O2 and MDA contents and CAT apparently declined. These consequence demonstrated that the exogenous PGR addition prominently reinforced the Cd phytoextraction capacity of S. nigrum in contaminated soil by stimulating plant growth and increasing shoot yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Academy of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, 110159, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cytology, Institute for Research On Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
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Tian Y, Peng K, Ma X, Ren Z, Lou G, Jiang Y, Xia J, Wang D, Yu J, Cang J. Overexpression of TaMYB4 Confers Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11090. [PMID: 37446268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing stress is one of the main factors limiting the growth and yield of wheat. In this study, we found that TaMYB4 expression was significantly upregulated in the tillering nodes of the strong cold-resistant winter wheat variety Dongnongdongmai1 (Dn1) under freezing stress. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, qRT-PCR and protein-DNA interaction experiments demonstrated that monodehydroascorbate reductase (TaMDHAR) is a direct target of TaMYB4. The results showed that overexpression of TaMYB4 enhanced the freezing tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. In TaMYB4 overexpression lines (OE-TaMYB4), AtMDHAR2 expression was upregulated and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle operation was enhanced. In addition, the expression of cold stress marker genes such as AtCBF1, AtCBF2, AtCBF3, AtCOR15A, AtCOR47, AtKIN1 and AtRD29A in OE-TaMYB4 lines was significantly upregulated. Therefore, TaMYB4 may increase freezing tolerance as a transcription factor (TF) in Arabidopsis through the AsA-GSH cycle and DREB/CBF signaling pathway. This study provides a potential gene for molecular breeding against freezing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kankan Peng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhipeng Ren
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guicheng Lou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunshuang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingqiu Xia
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Duojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Cang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Zhong S, Xu Z, Li Y, Li C, Yu Y, Wang C, Du D. What modulates the impacts of acid rain on the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:114-126. [PMID: 36652123 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most of the allelopathic studies have focused on the independent allelopathy of one invasive plant, but have ignored the co-allelopathy of the two invasives. The variations in the type of acid rain can modulate the invasiveness of invasives via the changes in the allelopathy. Thus, it is vital to elucidate the allelopathy of invasives, particularly the co-allelopathy of the two invasives, under acid rain with different types, to illuminate the mechanisms driving the co-invasion of two invasives under diversified acid rain. However, little progress has been finished in this aspect presently. This study aimed to evaluate the co-allelopathy of two Asteraceae invasives Solidago canadensis L. and Erigeron annuus L. treated with acid rain with different nitrogen-to-sulfur ratios on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. via a hydroponic experiment. Aqueous extracts of the two Asteraceae invasives generated obvious allelopathy on L. sativa. S. canadensis aqueous extracts caused stronger allelopathy. There may be an antagonistic effect for the co-allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives. Nitric acid at pH 5.6 weakened the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives, but the other types of acid rain strengthened the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives. The allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives increases with the increasing acidity of acid rain, but the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives decreases with the increasing nitrogen-to-sulfur ratio of acid rain. Accordingly, the species number of invasives, and the acidity and type of acid rain modulated the impacts of acid rain on the allelopathy of the two Asteraceae invasives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhelun Xu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Youli Yu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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He X, Shao C, Wu A, Xia L, Li T, Pei J, Zhang N, Wang Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient acquisition and reduce aluminum toxicity in Lespedeza formosa under acid rain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29904-29916. [PMID: 34994937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lespedeza formosa is an economically important shrub in the agroecosystems of southern China, where acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental issue. However, the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in adapting the plants to AR stress are poorly understood. In this study, L. formosa seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse, where the inoculated (colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis and Diversispora versiformis, alone and in combination) and non-inoculated plants were treated with three AR regimes (pH 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5) to evaluate the roles of AMF under acidic conditions. The results showed that AR individually suppressed plant growth by inhibiting photosynthetic parameters and induced Al phytotoxicity in non-mycorrhizal plants. However, mycorrhizal inoculation, especially in combination, significantly increased the total dry weight, photosynthetic capabilities, shoot nitrogen (N) concentration (average 15.8 and 16.7 mg g-1 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, respectively) and plant phosphorus (P) concentration (average 1.6 and 2.3 mg g-1 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, respectively) at pH 4.0, reduced N/P ratio (average 9.5 and 6.9 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, respectively) at pH 4.0, and protected roots against Al phytotoxicity (average 2.0 and 1.4 mg g-1 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots, respectively), indicating that AMF could mitigate some of the detrimental effects of AR. Moreover, our findings suggest that AMF mainly benefited the plant through the combined effects of N concentrations and N/P ratios in shoots and Al3+ concentrations in roots under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changliang Shao
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jia Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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Hu WJ, Liu TW, Zhu CQ, Wu Q, Chen L, Lu HL, Jiang CK, Wei J, Shen GX, Zheng HL. Physiological, Proteomic Analysis, and Calcium-Related Gene Expression Reveal Taxus wallichiana var. mairei Adaptability to Acid Rain Stress Under Various Calcium Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845107. [PMID: 35386672 PMCID: PMC8978443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the serious environmental problems worldwide, acid rain (AR) has always caused continuous damage to the forestry ecosystem. Studies have shown that AR can leach calcium ions from plants and soil. Calcium (Ca) is also a crucial regulator of the plant stress response, whereas there are few reports on how Ca regulates the response of AR-resistant woody plants to AR stress. In this study, by setting different exogenous Ca levels, we study the physiological and molecular mechanism of Ca in regulating the Taxus wallichiana var. mairei response to AR stress. Our results showed that low Ca level leads to photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system decreases in T. wallichiana var. mairei leaves; however, these negative effects could be reversed at high Ca level. In addition, proteomic analyses identified 44 differentially expressed proteins in different Ca level treatments of T. wallichiana var. mairei under AR stress. These proteins were classified into seven groups, which include metabolic process, photosynthesis and energy pathway, cell rescue and defense, transcription and translation, protein modification and degradation, signal transduction, etc. Furthermore, the study found that low Ca level leads to an obvious increase of Ca-related gene expression under AR stress in T. wallichiana var. mairei using qRT-PCR analyses and however can be reversed at high Ca level. These findings would enrich and extend the Ca signaling pathways of AR stress in AR-resistant woody plants and are expected to have important theoretical and practical significance in revealing the mechanism of woody plants tolerating AR stress and protecting forestry ecosystem in soil environment under different Ca levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Wu Liu
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Chun-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ling Lu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Kai Jiang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of Ministry of Education (MOE), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Shi Z, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Lu T, Ren X, Wei H. Effects of acid rain on plant growth: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113213. [PMID: 34329914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic driven acid gases emission has caused acid rain in many regions globally. Although efforts have been made to assess the effects of acid rain on terrestrial ecosystems, a systematic assessment of growth-related traits across plant aboveground and belowground is lacking. Hence, we performed a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis of 755 observations from 69 independent studies to quantify the effects of acid rain on six growth-related traits of plant. We estimated the inhibitory effects of acid rain on plant growth in general and found that aboveground and belowground plant parts responded differently. The acidity of acid rain and acid rain interval had direct modulation effects on plant growth. We also found that there were interactions between acid rain pH and other acid rain characteristics (i.e., acid rain interval, mole ratio of S:N, and acid rain rate) and experimental characteristics (i.e., initial soil pH and plant exposure part), indicating that there were pH-dependent interaction patterns. Thus, an effective approach to evaluate and predict the effects of acid rain on plant growth is to fully consider the direct effects of acid rain pH and the interactions between acid rain pH and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoji Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zeheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tiantian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Differential effects of acid rain on photosynthetic performance and pigment composition of the critically endangered Acer amplum subsp. catalpifolium. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Yu T, Ma W, Dayananda B, Iwasaki K, Li J. Morphological, Physiological and Photophysiological Responses of Critically Endangered Acer catalpifolium to Acid Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091958. [PMID: 34579490 PMCID: PMC8470873 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acid rain deposition (AR) has long-lasting implications for the community stability and biodiversity conservation in southwest China. Acer catalpifolium is a critically endangered species in the rain zone of Western China where AR occurs frequently. To understand the effects of AR on the morphology and physiology of A. catalpifolium, we conducted an acid stress simulation experiment for 1.5 years. The morphological, physiological, and photosynthetic responses of A. catalpifolium to the acidity, composition, and deposition pattern of acid stress was observed. The results showed that simulated acid stress can promote the growth of A. catalpifolium via the soil application mode. The growth improvement of A. catalpifolium under nitric-balanced acid rain via the soil application mode was greater than that of sulfuric-dominated acid rain via the soil application mode. On the contrary, the growth of A. catalpifolium was significantly inhibited by acid stress and the inhibition increased with the acidity of acid stress applied via leaf spraying. The inhibitory impacts of nitric-balanced acid rain via the leaf spraying of A. catalpifolium were greater than that of sulfur-dominant acid rain via leaf spraying. The observations presented in this work can be utilized for considering potential population restoration plans for A. catalpifolium, as well as the forests in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alear 843300, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Wenbao Ma
- Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Forests and Wetlands Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Buddhi Dayananda
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Junqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (J.L.)
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10
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Zhang Z, Teng Z, Wang N, Zhang M, Sun G, Hu Y, Zhang X. Responses of photosynthesis and antioxidants to simulated acid rain in mulberry seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:188-200. [PMID: 33368302 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain, which has negative impacts on the vegetation of ecological systems, is widespread in Northern and Southern China. However, relatively little is known about the effects of acid rain on the growth and yield of economically important tree species in China. To address this issue, we studied the responses of mulberry seedlings to simulated acid rain (SAR) at different pH values. At pH 4.5, SAR induced increased antioxidant activities, total antioxidant capacity, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (OFR) relative to controls. However, the growth of the seedlings under SAR treatments at pH 4.5 and pH 5.6 was greater than controls. No significant differences in photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching parameters were observed between the SAR treatments at pH 4.5 and pH 5.6 and controls. However, the SAR treatment at pH 3.5 resulted in altered leaf surface characteristics and changes to chloroplast ultrastructure, together with an increase in membrane electrical conductivity and an accumulation of OFR and malondialdehyde. In contrast, leaf antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased, together with electron transport parameters and photosynthesis. Taken together, these results show that the effects of acid rain on the growth and leaf physiology of mulberry seedling are dependent on pH. Moreover, mulberry seedlings had a high tolerance to acid rain at pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Teng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Impacts of Simulated Acid Rain on the Growth and the Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the Mountains of Northern Vietnam. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the mountains of Northern Vietnam, frequent and intense acid rain affects the crops. This paper assesses the impacts of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the growth and the yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Hoa Binh province. A field study in the summer–autumn seasons in 2017 (from May to August) in an area of 189 square meters was arranged according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three repetitions including six treatments and a control. The experimental area was protected from ambient rain. Soybean plants were exposed three times a week to SAR at pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 (control). The results show that the growth parameters such as germination rate, stem length, and the number of main branches of the plants dramatically decreased in a dose–effect experiment. Gradual declines in the chlorophyll content (indirectly determined by SPAD) and the leaf area index (LAI) were observed as the acidity increased. The actual yield and yield components also tended to decrease when the pH of the rainwater fell, especially in the experimental plots treated at pH 3.0. The growth and yield of soybean were adversely affected when the plants were exposed to simulated acid rain, especially from a pH value of 3.5 and lower. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of acid rain on the growth and the yield of soybean grown in the mountains of Northern Vietnam.
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12
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Wang X, Chen G, Du S, Wu H, Fu R, Yu X. Light Intensity Influence on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Horsfieldia hainanensis. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.636804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to both anthropogenic and natural causes, the number of Horsfieldia hainanensis has been decreasing each year in the Tongza Branch nursery (109.534 525°E, 18.763 516°N) of the Hainan Academy of Forestry, China. Consequently, the protection of H. hainanensis is urgent, as is that of most rare tree species. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of the H. hainanensis growth environment, we took 3-year-old H. hainanensis saplings as the research object. We controlled the light intensity by setting different shade amounts to explore the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of H. hainanensis under different light intensities. We found that shade can promote growth and increase the contents of certain substances. Light transmittance of 44.41% can increase plant height (by 29.545%) and biomass (by 66.676%). Light transmittance of 16.19% can increase the pigment content; Chl increased by 40.864%, Chl a increased by 38.031%, and Chl b increased by 48.412%. Light transmittance of 7.30% can increase the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value of each part of the leaf; the leaf base increased by 41.000%, the leaf margin increased by 32.574%, the blade tip increased by 49.003%, and the leaf average increased by 40.466%. The specific leaf area can reduce the specific leaf weight. We also found that compared to full light, reducing the light transmittance can increase the total chlorophyll (Chl), chlorophyll A (Chl a), and chlorophyll B (Chl b) contents, and the Chl-SPAD-leaf base, leaf edge, leaf tip, average content, and light-saturated net photosynthetic rate. This can in turn reduce the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), and dark respiration rate (Rd). In addition, we found a strong correlation between seven of the photosynthetic pigment indicators (Chl, Chla, Chl b, Chl-SPAD-leaf base, leaf margin, leaf tip, and mean) and the three photosynthesis physiological parameters (AQY, LCP, and Rd). The light transmittance of 44.41% (one layer of shading net) treatment group was conducive to the growth of H. hainanensis and photosynthetic characteristic improvement. Therefore, our light transmittance selection of approximately 44.4% is significant for the natural return of H. hainanensis.
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13
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Physiological and Molecular Responses to Acid Rain Stress in Plants and the Impact of Melatonin, Glutathione and Silicon in the Amendment of Plant Acid Rain Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040862. [PMID: 33562098 PMCID: PMC7915782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been a long-term problem, especially in urban areas, that eventually accelerates the formation of acid rain (AR), but recently it has emerged as a serious environmental issue worldwide owing to industrial and economic growth, and it is also considered a major abiotic stress to agriculture. Evidence showed that AR exerts harmful effects in plants, especially on growth, photosynthetic activities, antioxidant activities and molecular changes. Effectiveness of several bio-regulators has been tested so far to arbitrate various physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants under different diverse sorts of environmental stresses. In the current review, we showed that silicon (tetravalent metalloid and semi-conductor), glutathione (free thiol tripeptide) and melatonin (an indoleamine low molecular weight molecule) act as influential growth regulators, bio-stimulators and antioxidants, which improve plant growth potential, photosynthesis spontaneity, redox-balance and the antioxidant defense system through quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly and/or indirectly under AR stress conditions. However, earlier research findings, together with current progresses, would facilitate the future research advancements as well as the adoption of new approaches in attenuating the consequence of AR stress on crops, and might have prospective repercussions in escalating crop farming where AR is a restraining factor.
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14
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Modeling of Limestone Dissolution for Flue Gas Desulfurization with Novel Implications. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13236164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-liquid dissolution is a central step in many industrial applications such as pharmaceutical, process engineering, and pollution control. Accurate mathematical models are proposed to improve reactor design and process operations. Analytical methods are significantly beneficial in the case of iterative methods used within experimental investigations. In the present study, a detailed analytical solution for the general case of solid particles dissolving in multiphase chemical reaction systems is presented. In this model, the authors consider a formulation that considers the particles’ shape factor. The general case presented could be utilized within different problems of multiphase flows. These methods could be extended to different cases within the chemical engineering area. Examples are illustrated here in relation to limestone dissolution taking place within the Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization process, where calcium carbonate is dissolving in an acidic environment. The method is the most common used technology to abate SO2 released by fuel combustion. Limestone dissolution plays a major role in the process. Nevertheless, there is a need for improvements in the optimization of the WFGD process for scale-up purposes. The mathematical model has been tested by comparison with experimental data from several mild acidic dissolution assays of sedimentary and metamorphic limestone. We have found that R2 ⊂ 0.92 ± 0.06 from dozens of experiments. This fact verifies the model qualifications in capturing the main drivers of the system.
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15
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Rodríguez-Sánchez VM, Rosas U, Calva-Vásquez G, Sandoval-Zapotitla E. Does Acid Rain Alter the Leaf Anatomy and Photosynthetic Pigments in Urban Trees? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E862. [PMID: 32650420 PMCID: PMC7411892 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Megapolis such as Mexico City, have atmospheric pollutants that interact with the humidity and solar radiation. The topography of this city promotes air stagnation, generating atmospheric pollutants and episodes of acid rain, a phenomenon well recorded since the end of the 1980s. However, little we know about how urban trees respond to acid rain in the city. Here we present how simulated acid rain causes anatomical and changes in photosynthetic pigments in two of the most abundant urban trees in Mexico City: Liquidambar styraciflua L. and Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. We first described the leaf anatomy of both species. Then, we used one-year-old trees sprayed with sulfuric acid solutions at pH 2.5 and 3.8, and evaluated visible leaf damage, anatomical alterations, and chlorophyll contents. In both species, the pH 2.5 caused cuticle alterations and areas of total tissue destruction. L. styraciflua showed greater sensitivity, but we discuss some of the tolerance mechanisms. Finally, acid rain also reduced the chlorophyll contents. These results contribute toward a catalogue of urban tree species to describe pollution-induced damages, and the identification of tolerant species useful for short- and mid-term detection of environmental crisis, in cities with similar environmental conditions and urban tree composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M. Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.M.R.-S.); (U.R.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ulises Rosas
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.M.R.-S.); (U.R.)
| | - Germán Calva-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Atmosférica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico;
| | - Estela Sandoval-Zapotitla
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.M.R.-S.); (U.R.)
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16
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Du J, Qv M, Zhang Y, Cui M, Zhang H. Simulated sulfuric and nitric acid rain inhibits leaf breakdown in streams: A microcosm study with artificial reconstituted fresh water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110535. [PMID: 32224368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain containing SO42- and NO3- in China has been a public concern for decades. However, a decrease of SO2 has been recorded since the government enacted a series of policies to control its emission. To comprehensively evaluate the consequence of realistic and future acid deposition scenarios, this study explored the effects of mixed acid rain with different molar ratios of SO42- and NO3- (0:1, 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) on stream leaf breakdown through a microcosm experiment. A significant inhibition of leaf breakdown rate was observed when the ratio was 1:2 with reduced microcosm pH, fungal biomass, enzyme activities as well as the frequencies of hub general in the fungal community. In conclusion, the ratio of SO42- and NO3- in acid rain was an important factor that could have a profound impact on leaf breakdown, even on ecosystem structure and functioning of streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Cui
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China
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17
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Liu X, Li C, Meng M, Zhai L, Zhang B, Jia Z, Gu Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Comparative effects of the recovery from sulfuric and nitric acid rain on the soil enzyme activities and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136788. [PMID: 31982766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) is a serious issue in China, particularly in the Yangtze River Delta region where the economy has undergone rapid development. Over the last few years, the composition of acid rain in the Yangtze River Delta region has gradually changed from sulfuric acid rain (SAR) to nitric acid rain (NAR) due to controls on SO2 emissions, but increased NOx emissions. These changes have made ecosystems more complex. For this study, we halted AR treatments in Quercus acutissima forest plots that had received simulated AR for one year and monitored them from the following February to November. We investigated their soil resident enzyme and microbial metabolic activities, as well as community functional diversity. The results revealed that AR treatments negatively affected both the soil microbial activity and soil microbial community functional diversity; however, both managed to recover over time, once the AR treatments were stopped. During the AR treatment and recovery periods, four main categories (carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers) were dominantly utilized. The utilization of pyruvic acid, which was affected by the AR treatments, as well as d-mannitol and tween 80, accounted for changes in the peak values of the C substrate groups during the AR treatment recovery period. Finally, changes in the activities of soil enzymes recorded following AR recovery, were closely related to the utilization of six C substrate groups. Our results suggested that the recovery of soils following the cessation of NAR stress was more rapid than from SAR. Further, that short-term NAR could be easily treated during the transformation from SAR to NAR in the Yangtze River Delta region. These results might also enrich the basic data relating to post-AR treatments on the soil environment, while having significance toward guiding further studies on the recovery of ecosystems from AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chong Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Miaojing Meng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zheyan Gu
- Jiangsu Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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18
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Zhang C, Yi X, Gao X, Wang M, Shao C, Lv Z, Chen J, Liu Z, Shen C. Physiological and biochemical responses of tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis) to simulated acid rain conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110315. [PMID: 32058162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis), widely planted in the south of China, and often exposed to acid rain. However, research concerning the impacts of acid rain on physiology and biochemistry of tea plants is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the influence of simulated acid rain (SAR) on plant height, root length, photosynthetic pigment, Fv/Fm, proline, malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme activity, total nitrogen, caffeine, catechins, and free amino acids. Our results showed that SAR at pH 4.5 did not hinder plant development because growth characteristics, photosynthesis, and ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities did not decrease at this pH compared to those at the other investigated pH values. However, at pH 3.5 and pH 2.5, the activities of antioxidase and concentrations of malondialdehyde and proline increased significantly in response to the decrease of photosynthetic pigments and Fv/Fm. In addition, the increase in acidity increased total nitrogen, certain amino acid content (theanine, cysteine), and decreased catechin and caffeine contents, resulting in an imbalance of the carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Our results indicated that SAR at pH 3.5 and pH 2.5 could restrict photosynthesis and the antioxidant defense system, causing metabolic disorders and ultimately affecting plant development and growth, but SAR at pH 4.5 had no toxic effects on tea seedlings when no other stress factors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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19
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Zhang C, He Q, Wang M, Gao X, Chen J, Shen C. Exogenous indole acetic acid alleviates Cd toxicity in tea (Camellia sinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110090. [PMID: 31874405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, restrains the growth and development of plants and threatens global food safety. Many studies on the alleviation of heavy metal toxicity by exogenous phytohormones have emerged, but reports on tea (Camellia sinensis) are still scarce. In this study, the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) (2 μM and 10 μM) on Cd uptake and on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 'Xiangfeicui' tea cultivar were investigated for the first time. The order of Cd accumulation in tea seedlings was root > stem > mature leaf > tender leaf. Under Cd stress (30 mg kg-1), photosynthetic pigment levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, root vigor, root IAA content, and the levels of most metabolites (including caffeine, soluble sugar, total amino acids, some amino acid components, and most catechins) were significantly reduced, while levels of malondialdehyde, proline, epicatechin, and some amino acids increased. We therefore propose that by reducing Cd accumulation, exogenous IAA can lessen the adverse effects of Cd on the physiology and biochemistry of tea seedlings, promoting the growth of healthier tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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