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Suo J, Liu Y, Yan J, Li Q, Chen W, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Yu W, Yan J, Song L, Wu J. Sucrose promotes cone enlargement via the TgNGA1-TgWRKY47-TgEXPA2 module in Torreya grandis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1823-1839. [PMID: 39005107 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cone enlargement is a crucial process for seed production and reproduction in gymnosperms. Most of our knowledge of cone development is derived from observing anatomical structure during gametophyte development. Therefore, the exact molecular mechanism underlying cone enlargement after fertilization is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that sucrose promotes cone enlargement in Torreya grandis, a gymnosperm species with relatively low rates of cone enlargement, via the TgNGA1-TgWRKY47-TgEXPA2 pathway. Cell expansion plays a significant role in cone enlargement in T. grandis. 13C labeling and sucrose feeding experiments indicated that sucrose-induced changes in cell size and number contribute to cone enlargement in this species. RNA-sequencing analysis, transient overexpression in T. grandis cones, and stable overexpression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) suggested that the expansin gene TgEXPA2 positively regulates cell expansion in T. grandis cones. The WRKY transcription factor TgWRKY47 directly enhances TgEXPA2 expression by binding to its promoter. Additionally, the NGATHA transcription factor TgNGA1 directly interacts with TgWRKY47. This interaction suppresses the DNA-binding ability of TgWRKY47, thereby reducing its transcriptional activation on TgEXPA2 without affecting the transactivation ability of TgWRKY47. Our findings establish a link between sucrose and cone enlargement in T. grandis and elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jiawen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Qianxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Weiwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
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Méndez-Yáñez A, Carrasco-Orellana C, Ramos P, Morales-Quintana L. Alpha-expansins: more than three decades of wall creep and loosening in fruits. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:84. [PMID: 38995453 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Expansins are proteins without catalytic activity, but able to break hydrogen bonds between cell wall polysaccharides hemicellulose and cellulose. This proteins were reported for the first time in 1992, describing cell wall extension in cucumber hypocotyls caused particularly by alpha-expansins. Although these proteins have GH45 and CBM63 domains, characteristic of enzymes related with the cleavage of cell wall polysaccharides, demonstrating in vitro that they extend plant cell wall. Its participation has been associated to molecular processes such as development and growing, fruit ripening and softening, tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and seed germination. Structural insights, facilitated by bioinformatics approaches, are highlighted, shedding light on the intricate interactions between alpha-expansins and cell wall polysaccharides. After more than thirty years of its discovery, we want to celebrate the knowledge of alpha-expansins and emphasize their importance to understand the phenomena of disassembly and loosening of the cell wall, specifically in the fruit ripening phenomena, with this state-of-the-art dedicated to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Méndez-Yáñez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente No. 1670, Talca, Chile.
| | - Cristian Carrasco-Orellana
- División Agroindustrial de Empresas Carozzi S. A., Desarrollo E Innovación Aplicada Agrozzi, Centro Tecnológico de Investigación, Teno, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Plant Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente No. 1670, Talca, Chile.
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3
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Yoshida T, Mergner J, Yang Z, Liu J, Kuster B, Fernie AR, Grill E. Integrating multi-omics data reveals energy and stress signaling activated by abscisic acid in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1112-1133. [PMID: 38613775 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential signaling molecules regulating various processes in growth, development, and stress responses. Genetic and molecular studies, especially using Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), have discovered many important players involved in hormone perception, signal transduction, transport, and metabolism. Phytohormone signaling pathways are extensively interconnected with other endogenous and environmental stimuli. However, our knowledge of the huge and complex molecular network governed by a hormone remains limited. Here we report a global overview of downstream events of an abscisic acid (ABA) receptor, REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR) 6 (also known as PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 [PYR1]-LIKE [PYL] 12), by integrating phosphoproteomic, proteomic and metabolite profiles. Our data suggest that the RCAR6 overexpression constitutively decreases the protein levels of its coreceptors, namely clade A protein phosphatases of type 2C, and activates sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and SnRK2, the central regulators of energy and ABA signaling pathways. Furthermore, several enzymes in sugar metabolism were differentially phosphorylated and expressed in the RCAR6 line, and the metabolite profile revealed altered accumulations of several organic acids and amino acids. These results indicate that energy- and water-saving mechanisms mediated by the SnRK1 and SnRK2 kinases, respectively, are under the control of the ABA receptor-coreceptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Julia Mergner
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at Klinikum rechts der Isar (BayBioMS@MRI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Wang C, Yao H, Wang C, Gao L, Chai X, Fang K, Du Y, Hao N, Cao J, Wu T. Transcription factor CsMYB36 regulates fruit neck length via mediating cell expansion in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:958-969. [PMID: 38447074 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The fruit neck is an important agronomic trait of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). However, the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms involved in fruit neck development are poorly understood. We previously identified a cucumber yellow-green peel (ygp) mutant, whose causal gene is MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 36 (CsMYB36). This study showed that the ygp mutant exhibited a shortened fruit neck and repressed cell expansion in the fruit neck. Further functional analysis showed that CsMYB36 was also a target gene, and its expression was enriched in the fruit neck. Overexpression of CsMYB36 in the ygp mutant rescued shortened fruit necks. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays revealed that CsMYB36 positively regulates the expression of an expansin-like A3 (CsEXLA3) in the fruit neck, which is essential for cell expansion. Yeast 1-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that CsMYB36 regulates fruit neck elongation by directly binding to the promoter of CsEXLA3. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CsMYB36 is an important gene in the regulation of fruit neck length in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongxin Yao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Luyao Gao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingwen Chai
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kai Fang
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture/Yuelushan Lab/Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
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Chen Z, Shen D, Shi Y, Chen Y, He H, Jiang J, Wang F, Jiang J, Wang X, Li X, Zeng W. Genome-Wide Identification of Expansins in Rubus chingii and Profiling Analysis during Fruit Ripening and Softening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:431. [PMID: 38337963 PMCID: PMC10857257 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Improving fruit size or weight, firmness, and shelf life is a major target for horticultural crop breeding. It is associated with the depolymerization and rearrangement of cell components, including pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, and other structural (glyco)proteins. Expansins are structural proteins to loosen plant cell wall polysaccharides in a pH-dependent manner and play pivotal roles in the process of fruit development, ripening, and softening. Rubus chingii Hu, a unique Chinese red raspberry, is a prestigious pharmaceutical and nutraceutical dual-function food with great economic value. Thirty-three RchEXPs were predicted by genome-wide identification in this study, containing twenty-seven α-expansins (EXPAs), three β-expansins (EXPBs), one expansin-like A (EXPLA), and two expansin-like B (EXPLBs). Subsequently, molecular characteristics, gene structure and motif compositions, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal location, collinearity, and regulatory elements were further profiled. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR assays of fruits from different developmental stages and lineages showed that the group of RchEXPA5, RchEXPA7, and RchEXPA15 were synergistically involved in fruit expanding and ripening, while another group of RchEXPA6 and RchEXPA26 might be essential for fruit ripening and softening. They were regulated by both abscisic acid and ethylene and were collinear with phylogenetic relationships in the same group. Our new findings laid the molecular foundation for improving the fruit texture and shelf life of R. chingii medicinal and edible fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Danwei Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Yujie Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Yiquan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Honglian He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Fan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingyong Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai 317000, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultral Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
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Hormazábal-Abarza F, Bustos D, Rodríguez-Arriaza F, Sáez D, Urra G, Parra-Palma C, Méndez-Yáñez Á, Ramos P, Morales-Quintana L. Structural and transcriptional characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) gene family during strawberry fruit ripening process. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108417. [PMID: 38354527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Strawberry is one of the most popular fruits in the world, because their high fruit quality, especially with respect to the combination of aroma, flavor, color, and nutritional compounds. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is the first of two enzymes specifically required for ethanolic fermentation and catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate to yield acetaldehyde and CO2. The ethanol, an important alcohol which acts as a precursor for the ester and other alcohols formation in strawberry, is produced by the PDC. The objective was found all different PDCs genes present in the strawberry genome and investigate PDC gene expression and ligand-protein interactions in strawberry fruit. Volatile organic compounds were evaluated during the development of the fruit. After this, eight FaPDC were identified with four genes that increase the relative expression during fruit ripening process. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the behavior of Pyr and TPP ligands within the catalytic and regulatory sites of the PDC proteins. Results indicated that energy-restrained simulations exhibited minor fluctuations in ligand-protein interactions, while unrestrained simulations revealed crucial insights into ligand affinity. TPP consistently displayed strong interactions with the catalytic site, emphasizing its pivotal role in enzymatic activity. However, FaPDC6 and FaPDC9 exhibited decreased pyruvate affinity initially, suggesting unique binding characteristics requiring further investigation. Finally, the present study contributes significantly to understanding PDC gene expression and the intricate molecular dynamics underlying strawberry fruit ripening, shedding light on potential targets for further research in this critical biological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Hormazábal-Abarza
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670 Talca, Región Del Maule, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Arriaza
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670 Talca, Región Del Maule, Chile
| | - Darwin Sáez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670 Talca, Región Del Maule, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Gabriela Urra
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carolina Parra-Palma
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670 Talca, Región Del Maule, Chile
| | - Ángela Méndez-Yáñez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670 Talca, Región Del Maule, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile; Plant Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente #1670 Talca, Región Del Maule, Chile.
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Wang Y, Ma L, Ma Y, Tian T, Zhang J, Wang H, Liu Z, Chen Q, He W, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Yang S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Tang H, Wang X. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into fruit softening in Chinese cherry [ Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1190061. [PMID: 37528967 PMCID: PMC10388103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1190061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit softening is a complex, genetically programmed and environmentally regulated process, which undergoes biochemical and physiological changes during fruit development. The molecular mechanisms that determine these changes in Chinese cherry [Cerasus peseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don] fruits are still unknown. In the present study, fruits of hard-fleshed 'Hongfei' and soft-fleshed 'Pengzhoubai' varieties of Chinese cherry were selected to illustrate the fruit softening at different developmental stages. We analyzed physiological characteristics and transcriptome profiles to identify key cell wall components and candidate genes related to fruit softening and construct the co-expression networks. The dynamic changes of cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin), the degrading enzyme activities, and the microstructure were closely related to the fruit firmness during fruit softening. A total of 6,757 and 3,998 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between stages and varieties, respectively. Comprehensive functional enrichment analysis supported that cell wall metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were involved in fruit softening. The majority of structural genes were significantly increased with fruit ripening in both varieties, but mainly down-regulated in Hongfei fruits compared with Pengzhoubai, especially DEGs related to cellulose and hemicellulose metabolism. The expression levels of genes involving lignin biosynthesis were decreased with fruit ripening, while mainly up-regulated in Hongfei fruits at red stage. These obvious differences might delay the cell all degrading and loosening, and enhance the cell wall stiffing in Hongfei fruits, which maintained a higher level of fruit firmness than Pengzhoubai. Co-expressed network analysis showed that the key structural genes were correlated with plant hormone signal genes (such as abscisic acid, auxin, and jasmonic acid) and transcription factors (MADS, bHLH, MYB, ERF, NAC, and WRKY). The RNA-seq results were supported using RT-qPCR by 25 selected DEGs that involved in cell wall metabolism, hormone signal pathways and TF genes. These results provide important basis for the molecular mechanism of fruit softening in Chinese cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tai Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaofeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Yao XC, Meng LF, Zhao WL, Mao GL. Changes in the morphology traits, anatomical structure of the leaves and transcriptome in Lycium barbarum L. under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1090366. [PMID: 36890891 PMCID: PMC9987590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress directly affects the growth of plants. The limitation of leaf grow is among the earliest visible effects of salt stress. However, the regulation mechanism of salt treatments on leaf shape has not been fully elucidated. We measured the morphological traits and anatomical structure. In combination with transcriptome analysis, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and verified the RNA-seq data by qRT-PCR. Finally, we analyzed correlation between leaf microstructure parameters and expansin genes. We show that the leaf thickness, the width, and the leaf length significantly increased at elevated salt concentrations after salt stress for 7 days. Low salt mainly promoted the increase in leaves length and width, but high salt concentration accelerated the leaf thickness. The anatomical structure results indicated that palisade mesophyll tissues contribute more to leaf thickness than spongy mesophyll tissues, which possibly contributed to the increase in leaf expansion and thickness. Moreover, a total of 3,572 DEGs were identified by RNA-seq. Notably, six of the DEGs among 92 identified genes concentrated on cell wall synthesis or modification were involved in cell wall loosening proteins. More importantly, we demonstrated that there was a strong positive correlation between the upregulated EXLA2 gene and the thickness of the palisade tissue in L. barbarum leaves. These results suggested that salt stress possibly induced the expression of EXLA2 gene, which in turn increased the thickness of L. barbarum leaves by promoting the longitudinal expansion of cells of the palisade tissue. This study lays a solid knowledge for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms of leaf thickening in L. barbarum in response to salt stresses.
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Li J, Liu Z, Gao C, Miao Y, Cui K. Overexpression of DsEXLA2 gene from Dendrocalamus sinicus accelerates the plant growth rate of Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 199:113178. [PMID: 35385712 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Expansins play crucial roles in cell wall loosening and a range of life activities involving cell wall modification. Nevertheless, the biological functions of expansin genes during fast growth of bamboo remain unclear. In this study, Dendrocalamus sinicus, the largest and fastest growing bamboo species in the world, was used as the research material, and the full length of DsEXLA2 was cloned. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DsEXLA2 contained expansin family typical domains (DPBB_1 and Pollen_allerg_1, CDRC motif) and amino acid sequence was highly conserved among different species. The expression level of DsEXLA2 increased from top section to basal section in different internodes. Subcellular localization verified that DsEXLA2 protein was located in the cell wall. Further genetic transformation studies in Arabidopsis indicated that compared with the wild type, DsEXLA2 overexpressed transgenic plants exhibited higher plant height, thicker stem, larger leaf, and less epidermal hair number and smaller stomatal aperture in the prophase and metaphase of growth. In addition, the cellulose content in the stem of transgenic plants was increased, and cell wall was thickened significantly. Moreover, a total of 1656 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq. The upregulated genes were predominantly enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant hormone signal transduction, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, while the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and ribosome. These data implied that overexpression of DsEXLA2 gene accelerates the plant growth rate of Arabidopsis. This study is helpful to reveal the molecular mechanism of DsEXLA2 in culm growth and development of D. sinicus, and to understand the rapid growth of bamboos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, PR China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, PR China
| | - Chengjie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, PR China
| | - Yingchun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, PR China
| | - Kai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, PR China.
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Characterization of the Cell Wall Component through Thermogravimetric Analysis and Its Relationship with an Expansin-like Protein in Deschampsia antarctica. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105741. [PMID: 35628551 PMCID: PMC9143908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is one of the two vascular plants that have colonized the Antarctic Peninsula, which is usually exposed to extreme environmental conditions. To support these conditions, the plant carries out modifications in its morphology and metabolism, such as modifications to the cell wall. Thus, we performed a comparative study of the changes in the physiological properties of the cell-wall-associated polysaccharide contents of aerial and root tissues of the D. antarctica via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) combined with a computational approach. The result showed that the thermal stability was lower in aerial tissues with respect to the root samples, while the DTG curve describes four maximum peaks of degradation, which occurred between 282 and 358 °C. The carbohydrate polymers present in the cell wall have been depolymerized showing mainly cellulose and hemicellulose fragments. Additionally, a differentially expressed sequence encoding for an expansin-like (DaEXLA2), which is characterized by possessing cell wall remodeling function, was found in D. antarctica. To gain deep insight into a probable mechanism of action of the expansin protein identified, a comparative model of the structure was carried out. DaEXLA2 protein model displayed two domains with an open groove in the center. Finally, using a cell wall polymer component as a ligand, the protein-ligand interaction was evaluated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The MD simulations showed that DaEXLA2 could interact with cellulose and XXXGXXXG polymers. Finally, the cell wall component description provides the basis for a model for understanding the changes in the cell wall polymers in response to extreme environmental conditions.
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11
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Genome-wide identification of expansin in Fragaria vesca and expression profiling analysis of the FvEXPs in different fruit development. Gene 2022; 814:146162. [PMID: 34995732 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry is a highly efficient and economical horticultural crop plant, and strawberry fruits are easy to soften after ripening and decay after harvest, which severely impacts the economic benefits. Expansins are plant cell-wall loosening proteins involved in the process of fruit softening, loosening cell walls and reducing fruit firmness. In this study, 35 FvEXPs genes were identified in the F. vesaca genome. These genes were divided into four subfamilies (27 FvEXPAs, 5 FvEXPBs, 1 FvEXLAs, and 2 FvEXLBs) and were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes. Gene structure and motif analysis showed the conserved structure and motif in same subgroup, however, the different motifs and structures may reveal functional divergence of multigene family members of FvEXPs in different developmental stages of fruits. The expression profiling by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the FvEXP genes have distinct expression patterns among different stages of strawberry development and ripening. Among them, 3 genes (FvEXPA9, FvEXPA12, and FvEXPA27) were highly expressed in the ripening stage, FvEXPA9 and FvEXPA12 were especially highly expressed in turning stage, whereas FvEXPA27 was especially highly expressed in red stage. Our study provides a better understanding of the FvEXP genes, which may benefit strawberry biotechnological breeding and genetic modification for improving fruit quality and delaying fruit softening.
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12
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Gan Z, Yuan X, Shan N, Wan C, Chen C, Zhu L, Xu Y, Kai W, Zhai X, Chen J. AcERF1B and AcERF073 Positively Regulate Indole-3-acetic Acid Degradation by Activating AcGH3.1 Transcription during Postharvest Kiwifruit Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13859-13870. [PMID: 34779211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene can accelerate the postharvest ripening process of kiwifruit, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) delays it. However, the molecular mechanism by which ethylene regulates IAA degradation is unclear. Here, we found that ethephon promotes the degradation of free IAA in kiwifruit. Furthermore, ethylene can promote the expression of AcGH3.1 and enhance its promoter activity. Two ethylene response factors (ERFs), AcERF1B and AcERF073, were obtained using an AcGH3.1 promoter as bait for a yeast one-hybrid screening library. Both AcERF1B and AcERF073 bind to the AcGH3.1 promoter to activate it. Also, AcERF1B/073 enhanced AcGH3.1 expression, decreased the free IAA content, and increased the IAA-Asp content in kiwifruit. In addition, we found that the AcERF1B and AcERF073 proteins directly interact, and this interaction enhanced their binding to the AcGH3.1 promoter. In summary, our results suggest that AcERF1B and AcERF073 positively regulate IAA degradation by activating AcGH3.1 transcription, which accelerated postharvest kiwifruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liqin Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiawan Zhai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, China
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13
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Walker M, Pérez M, Steinbrecher T, Gawthrop F, Pavlović I, Novák O, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Marone F, Nakabayashi K, Leubner-Metzger G. Molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation underpinning morphological dormancy: a case study using Apium graveolens (Apiaceae). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1020-1036. [PMID: 34510583 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Underdeveloped (small) embryos embedded in abundant endosperm tissue, and thus having morphological dormancy (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), are considered to be the ancestral state in seed dormancy evolution. This trait is retained in the Apiaceae family, which provides excellent model systems for investigating the underpinning mechanisms. We investigated Apium graveolens (celery) MD by combined innovative imaging and embryo growth assays with the quantification of hormone metabolism, as well as the analysis of hormone and cell-wall related gene expression. The integrated experimental results demonstrated that embryo growth occurred inside imbibed celery fruits in association with endosperm degradation, and that a critical embryo size was required for radicle emergence. The regulation of these processes depends on gene expression leading to gibberellin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the embryo and on crosstalk between the fruit compartments. ABA degradation associated with distinct spatiotemporal patterns in ABA sensitivity control embryo growth, endosperm breakdown and radicle emergence. This complex interaction between gibberellins, IAA and ABA metabolism, and changes in the tissue-specific sensitivities to these hormones is distinct from non-MD seeds. We conclude that the embryo growth to reach the critical size and the associated endosperm breakdown inside MD fruits constitute a unique germination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- Tozer Seeds, Tozer Seeds Ltd, Cobham, KT11 3EH, UK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | | | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
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14
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Morales-Quintana L, Barrera A, Hereme R, Jara K, Rivera-Mora C, Valenzuela-Riffo F, Gundel PE, Pollmann S, Ramos P. Molecular and structural characterization of expansins modulated by fungal endophytes in the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. Exposed to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:465-476. [PMID: 34717178 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Expansins are proteins involved in cell wall metabolism that play an important role in plant growth, development, fruit ripening and abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we analyzed putative expansins that respond to drought stress. Five expansin genes were identified in cDNA libraries isolated from Colobanthus quitensis gown either with or without endophytic fungi under hydric stress. A differential transcript abundance was observed by qPCR analysis upon drought stress. To compare these expansin genes, and to suggest a possible mechanism of action at the molecular level, the structural model of the deduced proteins was obtained by comparative modeling methodology. The structures showed two domains and an open groove on the surface of the proteins was observed in the five structural models. The proteins were evaluated in terms of their protein-ligand interactions using four different ligands. The results suggested differences in their mode of protein-ligand interaction, in particular concerning the residues involved in the protein-ligand interaction. The presented evidence supports the participation of some members of the expansin multiprotein family in the response to drought stress in C. quitensis and suggest that the response is modulated by endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédica, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, 3467987, Chile
| | - Andrea Barrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rasme Hereme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Karla Jara
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Pedro E Gundel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; IFEVA (Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Argentina
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CenBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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15
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Effect of Exogenous Auxin Treatment on Cell Wall Polymers of Strawberry Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126294. [PMID: 34208198 PMCID: PMC8230797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of auxin in the fruit-ripening process during the early developmental stages of commercial strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa) has been previously described, with auxin production occurring in achenes and moving to the receptacle. Additionally, fruit softening is a consequence of the depolymerization and solubilization of cell wall components produced by the action of a group of proteins and enzymes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exogenous auxin treatment on the physiological properties of the cell wall-associated polysaccharide contents of strawberry fruits. We combined thermogravimetric (TG) analysis with analyses of the mRNA abundance, enzymatic activity, and physiological characteristics related to the cell wall. The samples did not show a change in fruit firmness at 48 h post-treatment; by contrast, we showed changes in the cell wall stability based on TG and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis curves. Less degradation of the cell wall polymers was observed after auxin treatment at 48 h post-treatment. The results of our study indicate that auxin treatment delays the cell wall disassembly process in strawberries.
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16
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Sun W, Yu H, Liu M, Ma Z, Chen H. Evolutionary research on the expansin protein family during the plant transition to land provides new insights into the development of Tartary buckwheat fruit. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:252. [PMID: 33836656 PMCID: PMC8034093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant transitions to land require robust cell walls for regulatory adaptations and to resist changing environments. Cell walls provide essential plasticity for plant cell division and defense, which are often conferred by the expansin superfamily with cell wall-loosening functions. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of expansin during plant terrestrialization are unclear. RESULTS Here, we identified 323 expansin proteins in 12 genomes from algae to angiosperms. Phylogenetic evolutionary, structural, motif gain and loss and Ka/Ks analyses indicated that highly conserved expansin proteins were already present in algae and expanded and purified after plant terrestrialization. We found that the expansion of the FtEXPA subfamily was caused by duplication events and that the functions of certain duplicated genes may have differentiated. More importantly, we generated space-time expression profiles and finally identified five differentially expressed FtEXPs in both large and small fruit Tartary buckwheat that may regulate fruit size by responding to indoleacetic acid. CONCLUSIONS A total of 323 expansin proteins from 12 representative plants were identified in our study during terrestrialization, and the expansin family that originated from algae expanded rapidly after the plants landed. The EXPA subfamily has more members and conservative evolution in angiosperms. FtEXPA1, FtEXPA11, FtEXPA12, FtEXPA19 and FtEXPA24 can respond to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signals and regulate fruit development. Our study provides a blueprint for improving the agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat and a reference for defining the evolutionary history of the expansin family during plant transitions to land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
| | - Haomiao Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
| | - Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases and Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 China
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17
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Medina-Puche L, Martínez-Rivas FJ, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, García-Gago JA, Mercado JA, Caballero JL, Muñoz-Blanco J, Blanco-Portales R. Ectopic expression of the atypical HLH FaPRE1 gene determines changes in cell size and morphology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110830. [PMID: 33691964 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE (PRE) genes code atypical HLH transcriptional regulators characterized by the absence of a DNA-binding domain but present an HLH dimerization domain. In vegetative tissues, the function of these HLH proteins has been related with cell elongation processes. In strawberry, three FaPRE genes are expressed, two of them (FaPRE2 and FaPRE3) in vegetative tissues while FaPRE1 is fruit receptacle-specific. Ubiquitous FaPRE1 accumulation produced elongated flower receptacles and plants due to the elongation of the main aerial vegetative organs, with the exception of leaves. Histological analysis clearly demonstrated that the observed phenotype was due to significant changes in the parenchymal cell's morphology. In addition, transcriptomic studies of the transgenic elongated flower receptacles allowed to identify a small group of differentially expressed genes that encode cell wall-modifying enzymes. Together, the data seem to indicate that, in the strawberry plant vegetative organs, FaPRE proteins could modulate the expression of genes related with the determination of the size and shape of the parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Medina-Puche
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa C-6, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - F J Martínez-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa C-6, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - F J Molina-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa C-6, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - J A García-Gago
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - J A Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - J L Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa C-6, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - J Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa C-6, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - R Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa C-6, Campus Universitario de Rabanales y Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CEIA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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