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Friedman MI, Sørensen TIA, Taubes G, Lund J, Ludwig DS. Trapped fat: Obesity pathogenesis as an intrinsic disorder in metabolic fuel partitioning. Obes Rev 2024. [PMID: 38961319 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity remains at best incomplete despite a century of research. During this time, two alternative perspectives have helped shape thinking about the etiology of the disorder. The currently prevailing view holds that excessive fat accumulation results because energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, with excessive food consumption being the primary cause of the imbalance. The other perspective attributes the initiating cause of obesity to intrinsic metabolic defects that shift fuel partitioning from pathways for mobilization and oxidation to those for synthesis and storage. The resulting reduction in fuel oxidation and trapping of energy in adipose tissue drives a compensatory increase in energy intake and, under some conditions, a decrease in expenditure. This theory of obesity pathogenesis has historically garnered relatively less attention despite its pedigree. Here, we present an updated comprehensive formulation of the fuel partitioning theory, focused on evidence gathered over the last 80 years from major animal models of obesity showing a redirection of fuel fluxes from oxidation to storage and accumulation of excess body fat with energy intake equal to or even less than that of lean animals. The aim is to inform current discussions about the etiology of obesity and by so doing, help lay new foundations for the design of more efficacious approaches to obesity research, treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Childhood Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shan K, Fu G, Li J, Qi Y, Feng N, Li Y, Chen YQ. Cis-monounsaturated fatty acids inhibit ferroptosis through downregulation of transferrin receptor 1. Nutr Res 2023; 118:29-40. [PMID: 37544230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of cell death mediated by lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various pathological processes. Although monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) can inhibit ferroptotic lipid peroxidation, the underlying structural mechanism of this antagonistic effect remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that MUFAs with different structures (including chain length, conformation, and double bond position) may affect their regulatory effect on ferroptosis. In this study, 11 MUFAs with varying structures were screened to identify those with an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis. Results from 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assays indicated that only exogenous MUFAs with cis-conformation and centered double bond could inhibit ferroptosis. Meanwhile, it was found that suppressing the expression of SCD1 and SCD5 genes could sensitize cells to ferroptosis indicating the protective role of endogenous MUFA against ferroptosis. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that cis-MUFAs with centered double bond downregulated the protein levels of transferrin receptor 1. Flow cytometry confirmed that these MUFAs led to decreases in intracellular iron, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides. It was also found that SCD1 inhibitor could enhance ferroptosis inducer-mediated tumor suppression both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these findings shed light on the particular structural features of MUFAs that contribute to their ferroptosis-resistant properties and suggest the potential therapeutic relevance of natural MUFAs in a range of ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Guoling Fu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yumin Qi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Zhejiang Tianxiazhengfang Agricultural Development Limited, Wucheng Linjiang Industrial Park 1, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Hu W, Ma J, Zhang H, Miu X, Miao X, Deng Y. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals diacylglycerol accumulation in olive of Longnan (China). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15724. [PMID: 37583911 PMCID: PMC10424668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olive (Olea europaea L.) oil accumulate more diacylglycerols (DAG) than mostly vegetable oils. Unsaturated fatty acids-enriched DAG consumption enhanced wellness in subjects. However, the mechanism of DAG accumulation is not yet fully understood. Methods In this study, gene network of DAG accumulation and fatty acid composition in the two olive mesocarps ("Chenggu 32" (CG) and "Koroneiki" (QJ)) were investigated by integrating lipidome and transcriptome techniques. Results A total of 1,408 lipid molecules were identified by lipidomic analysis in olive mesocarp, of which DAG (DAG36:3, DAG36:4 and DAG36:5) showed higher content, and triacylglycerols (TAG54:3, TAG54:4) exhibited opposite trend in CG. Specifically, DAG was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:2) at the sn-2 position, which was inconsistent with TAG at the same positions (Primarily C18:1). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that phospholipase C (NPC, EC 3.1.4.3) were up-regulated relative to QJ, whereas diacylglycerol kinase (ATP) (DGK, EC 2.7.1.107), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20), and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT, EC 2.3.1.158) were down-regulated. Conclusion We speculated that the non-acyl coenzyme A pathway played a significant role in DAG biosynthesis. Additionally, fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase B (FATB, EC 3.1.2.14), stearoyl [acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase (SAD, EC 1.14.19.2) and omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD2, EC 1.14.19.6) were highly expressed in CG and may be involved in regulating fatty acid composition. Meanwhile, phospholipase A1 (LCAT, EC 3.1.1.32) involved in the acyl editing reaction facilitated PUFA linkage at the sn-2 position of DAG. Our findings provide novel insights to increase the DAG content, improve the fatty acid composition of olive oil, and identify candidate genes for the production of DAG-rich oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Miu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Miao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Institute of Olive, Longnan Academy of Economic Forestry, Wudu, Gansu, China
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Mohamed EL Kafoury B, Ebrahim AT, Abd-El Hamid Ali MS, Shaker Mehanna N, Ibrahim Ramadan GES, Ezzat Morsy W. Short chain fatty acids and GIT hormones mitigate gut barrier disruption in high fat diet fed rats supplemented by synbiotics. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2023; 16:139-163. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) predisposes to many metabolic changes; it may disrupt gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota composition. Synbiotic supplementation may promote host’s metabolic health by selective activation of the healthy microorganisms. This study aimed to probe the interaction between synbiotic supplementation, gut microbiota and gut hormones in HFD states. Twenty-seven adult male albino rats, 3 groups, group I: control, group II: HFD received HFD for 12 weeks and group III: synbiotic-supplemented HFD received synbiotic in the last 6 weeks. The anthropometric measurments were measured. Liver transaminases, lipid profile, parameters of insulin resistance, serum serotonin, glucagon like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1), oxidant/antioxidant markers (MDA/GPx), zonulin levels and quantitative cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed. Samples of liver and colon were employed for histopathological studies. Compared to HFD group, synbiotic led to a significant reduction in anthropometric measurements, liver enzymes, atherogenic index, HOMA-IR and MDA denoting improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and oxidative state. Moreover, synbiotic supplementation decreased serum zonulin and increased both serum serotonin, GLP-1 and cecal SCFAs. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated the metabolic derangements and the disturbed integrity of the intestinal barrier induced by HFD. As synbiotics can increase gut hormones (serum GLP-1&serotonin) and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Tarek Ebrahim
- Assistant Lecturer of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Said Abd-El Hamid Ali
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayra Shaker Mehanna
- Professor of Dairy and Food Microbiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wessam Ezzat Morsy
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang BT, Xu JY, Wang W, Zeng Y, Jiang J. Obesity and cancer: Mouse models used in studies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1125178. [PMID: 37007087 PMCID: PMC10061215 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that obesity is associated with the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. When studying the relationship between obesity and malignant tumors, it is very important to choose an appropriate animal model. However, BALB/c nude mice and other animals commonly used to study tumor xenograft (human-derived tumor cell lines) transplantation models are difficult to induce obesity, while C57BL/6 mice and other model animals commonly used for obesity research are not suitable for tumor xenograft transplantation. Therefore, it is difficult to replicate both obesity and malignancy in animal models at the same time. This review summarizes several experimental animal models and protocols that can simultaneously induce obesity and tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Orthodontic, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Yang Zeng,
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang, ; Yang Zeng,
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Photoperiod Conditions Modulate Serum Oxylipins Levels in Healthy and Obese Rats: Impact of Proanthocyanidins and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030707. [PMID: 36771413 PMCID: PMC9920779 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are emerging as a key factor influencing gut microbiota and bioactive compounds functionality as well as several physiological processes such as inflammation. In this regard, their impact on the modulation of oxylipins (OXLs), which are important lipid mediators of inflammatory processes, has not been investigated yet. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiods on OXLs metabolites in healthy and obesogenic conditions. Moreover, we evaluated if the impact of proanthocyanidins and gut microbiota on OXLs metabolism is influenced by photoperiod in obesity. To this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were housed under different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h light, L12: 12 h light or L18:18 h light) and fed either a standard chow diet (STD) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, obese rats were daily administered with an antibiotic cocktail (ABX), an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), or with their combination. CAF feeding and ABX treatment affected OXLs in a photoperiod dependent-manner. GSPE significantly altered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, only under L6 and mitigated ABX-mediated effects only under L18. In conclusion, photoperiods affect OXLs levels influenced by gut microbiota. This is the first time that the effects of photoperiod on OXLs metabolites have been demonstrated.
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Yang T, Feng F, Zhan K, Ma X, Jiang M, Datsomor O, Zhu X, Huo Y, Zhao G. Effect of the Tea Tree Oil on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Antioxidant Capacity in Finishing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:916625. [PMID: 35812866 PMCID: PMC9263609 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of antibiotics continues to pose a threat to public health because of the increasing concern of antibiotic residue. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an extract of the Australian plant Melaleuca alternifolia with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, there is little information on TTO supplementation in the diet of finishing pigs. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of TTO supplemented diets on the growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidant capacity of the finishing pigs. Our results showed that TTO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factors -I (IGFs-I), growth acceleration hormone (GH), and heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), while the mRNA expression of myostatin gene (MSTN), and calpain-1 (CAST) decreased by the TTO supplementation, compared with the control group. In addition, TTO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and IgM levels but decreased (P < 0.05) serum aspartate transaminase (AST) concentration, relative to the control group. In addition, we found that the live weight and intramuscular fat enhanced (P < 0.05) significantly, and muscle pH 24 min value, cooking loss, and shear force decreased (P < 0.05) dramatically in the TTO group. The TTO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) C18:2n6t concentration and decreased (P < 0.05) C12:0 and C16:0 concentration, relative to the control group. Dietary supplementation with TTO decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum. These results indicated that TTO supplementation could improve immunity and antioxidant, carcass traits, the nutritional value of pork, and the antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs. Therefore, TTO has potential positive effects as a feed additive in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Wuxi Chenfang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Yongjiu Huo
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqi Zhao
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Vachkova E, Tacheva T, Penchev Georgiev I. Co-administration of oleic and docosahexaenoic acids enhances glucose uptake rather than lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell culture. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different types of long-chain fatty acids and their combination on the triglyceride accumulation, glucose utilisation, and lipolysis in already obese adipocytes. 3T3-L1 MBX cells were first differentiated into mature adipocytes using adipogenic inducers (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and high glucose), then 100 µM 0.1% ethanol extracts of palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were applied for nine days. Unsaturated fatty acids decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation while maintaining glucose utilisation levels. However, unlike OA, self-administration of DHA only intensified lipolysis by 25% vs induced untreated control (IC), which may have a direct detrimental impact on the whole body’s metabolic state. DHA applied in equal proportion with PA elevated triglyceride accumulation by 10% compared to IC, but applied with OA, enhanced glucose uptake without any significant changes in the lipogenic drive and the lipolytic rate, suggesting that this unsaturated fatty acids combination may offer a considerable advantage in amelioration of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Grigorova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zh. Ivanova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - E. Vachkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - T. Tacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - I. Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Smith ME, Cisbani G, Metherel AH, Bazinet RP. The Majority of Brain Palmitic Acid is Maintained by Lipogenesis from Dietary Sugars and is Augmented in Mice fed Low Palmitic Acid Levels from Birth. J Neurochem 2021; 161:112-128. [PMID: 34780089 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, results from studies investigating if brain palmitic acid (16:0; PAM) was maintained by either dietary uptake or lipogenesis de novo (DNL) varied. Here, we utilize naturally occurring carbon isotope ratios (13 C/12 C; δ13 C) to uncover the origin of brain PAM. Additionally, we explored brain and liver fatty acid concentration, total brain metabolomic profile, and behaviour. BALB/c dams were equilibrated onto either a low PAM diet (LP; <2%) or high PAM diet (HP; >95%) prior to producing one generation of offspring. Offspring stayed on the respective diet of the dam until 15-weeks of age, at which time the Open Field test was conducted in the offspring, prior to euthanasia and tissue lipid extraction. Although liver PAM was lower in offspring fed the LP diet, as well as female offspring, brain PAM was not affected by diet or sex. Across offspring of either sex on both diets, brain 13 C-PAM revealed compared to dietary uptake, DNL from dietary sugars contributed 68.8%-79.5% and 46.6%-58.0% to the total brain PAM pool by both peripheral and local brain DNL, and local brain DNL alone, respectively. DNL was augmented in offspring fed the LP diet, and the ability to upregulate DNL in the liver or the brain depended on sex. Anxiety-like behaviours were decreased in offspring fed the LP diet and were correlated with markers of LP diet consumption including increased liver 13 C-PAM, warranting further investigation. Altogether, our results indicate that DNL from dietary sugars is a compensatory mechanism to maintain brain PAM in response to a LP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- University of Toronto, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto
| | - Adam H Metherel
- University of Toronto, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Toronto
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Krill Oil Treatment Increases Distinct PUFAs and Oxylipins in Adipose Tissue and Liver and Attenuates Obesity-Associated Inflammation via Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082836. [PMID: 34444996 PMCID: PMC8401900 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of obesity is characterized by the metabolic overload of tissues and subsequent organ inflammation. The health effects of krill oil (KrO) on obesity-associated inflammation remain largely elusive, because long-term treatments with KrO have not been performed to date. Therefore, we examined the putative health effects of 28 weeks of 3% (w/w) KrO supplementation to an obesogenic diet (HFD) with fat derived mostly from lard. The HFD with KrO was compared to an HFD control group to evaluate the effects on fatty acid composition and associated inflammation in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and the liver during obesity development. KrO treatment increased the concentrations of EPA and DHA and associated oxylipins, including 18-HEPE, RvE2 and 14-HDHA in eWAT and the liver. Simultaneously, KrO decreased arachidonic acid concentrations and arachidonic-acid-derived oxylipins (e.g., HETEs, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, TXB2). In eWAT, KrO activated regulators of adipogenesis (e.g., PPARγ, CEBPα, KLF15, STAT5A), induced a shift towards smaller adipocytes and increased the total adipocyte numbers indicative for hyperplasia. KrO reduced crown-like structures in eWAT, and suppressed HFD-stimulated inflammatory pathways including TNFα and CCL2/MCP-1 signaling. The observed eWAT changes were accompanied by reduced plasma leptin and increased plasma adiponectin levels over time, and improved insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the liver, KrO suppressed inflammatory signaling pathways, including those controlled by IL-1β and M-CSF, without affecting liver histology. Furthermore, KrO deactivated hepatic REL-A/p65-NF-κB signaling, consistent with increased PPARα protein expression and a trend towards an increase in IkBα. In conclusion, long-term KrO treatment increased several anti-inflammatory PUFAs and oxylipins in WAT and the liver. These changes were accompanied by beneficial effects on general metabolism and inflammatory tone at the tissue level. The stimulation of adipogenesis by KrO allows for safe fat storage and may, together with more direct PPAR-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms, attenuate inflammation.
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Garcinia mangostana extract and curcumin ameliorate oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in high fat diet-induced obese Wistar albino rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7278. [PMID: 33790313 PMCID: PMC8012579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) and Curcuma longa independently and synergistically in modulating oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia commonly observed in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rodent models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight experimental groups, fed on a normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD), then given mangosteen extract (400 mg /kg /day) and/or curcumin (80 mg/kg /day) for 6 weeks. Oxidative stress markers, glucose, and lipid fractions were measured in the sera. Mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) induced a remarkable decrease in BMI (from 0.86 to 0.81 gm/cm2), while curcuma either alone or in combination was more effective, as treated rats recorded BMIs of 0.78 and 0.79 gm/cm2, respectively. Regarding the antioxidant effects, MPE induced a significant increase of GSH in obese rats (123.86 ± 15.53 μg/ml vs 288.72 ± 121.37 μg/ml). As anti-atherogenic agents MPE demonstrate significant effect recorded higher level of HDL-C in treated animals, but ineefective as anti-dyslipidemic agent. Curcumin was more effective in reducing LDL-C levels in obese rats. Both extracts effectively reduced blood glucose. The present study demonstrated that MPE and curcumin were independently and synergistically effective in treating obesity-induced atherogenesis.
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de Moura E Dias M, Dos Reis SA, da Conceição LL, Sediyama CMNDO, Pereira SS, de Oliveira LL, Gouveia Peluzio MDC, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Diet-induced obesity in animal models: points to consider and influence on metabolic markers. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:32. [PMID: 33736684 PMCID: PMC7976703 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are a worldwide public health problem. Obesity prevalence has increased considerably, which indicates the need for more studies to better understand these diseases and related complications. Diet induced-obesity (DIO) animal models can reproduce human overweight and obesity, and there are many protocols used to lead to excess fat deposition. So, the purpose of this review was to identify the key points for the induction of obesity through diet, as well as identifying which are the necessary endpoints to be achieved when inducing fat gain. For this, we reviewed the literature in the last 6 years, looking for original articles that aimed to induce obesity through the diet. All articles evaluated should have a control group, in order to verify the results found, and had worked with Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats, or with C57BL-/-6 mice strain. Articles that induced obesity by other methods, such as genetic manipulation, surgery, or drugs were excluded, since our main objective was to identify key points for the induction of obesity through diet. Articles in humans, in cell culture, in non-rodent animals, as well as review articles, articles that did not have obesity induction and book chapters were also excluded. Body weight and fat gain, as well as determinants related to inflammation, hormonal concentration, blood glycemia, lipid profile, and liver health, must be evaluated together to better determination of the development of obesity. In addition, to select the best model in each circumstance, it should be considered that each breed and sex respond differently to diet-induced obesity. The composition of the diet and calorie overconsumption are also relevant to the development of obesity. Finally, it is important that a non-obese control group is included in the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de La Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Ignacio Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de La Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Carolina dos Santos Costa A, Pereira DE, de Cássia de Araújo Bidô R, Freire de Carvalho CV, Milhomens Ferreira Melo PC, de Castro Querino Dias C, Golzio dos Santos S, Fernandes de Souza Araújo D, Bernardo Guerra GC, Rufino de Freitas JC, Estevez Pintado MM, Viera VB, Barbosa Soares JK. Consumption of clarified goat butter added with turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) increase oleic fatty acid and lipid peroxidation in the liver of adolescent rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Mehus AA, Rust B, Idso JP, Hanson B, Zeng H, Yan L, Bukowski MR, Picklo MJ. Time-restricted feeding mice a high-fat diet induces a unique lipidomic profile. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108531. [PMID: 33098972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) can reduce adiposity and lessen the co-morbidities of obesity. Mice consuming obesogenic high-fat (HF) diets develop insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, but have elevated indices of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) that may be beneficial. While TRF impacts lipid metabolism, scant data exist regarding the impact of TRF upon lipidomic composition of tissues. We (1) tested the hypothesis that TRF of a HF diet elevates LCPUFA indices while preventing insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis and (2) determined the impact of TRF upon the lipidome in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue. For 12 weeks, male, adult mice were fed a control diet ad libitum, a HF diet ad libitum (HF-AL), or a HF diet with TRF, 12 hours during the dark phase (HF-TRF). HF-TRF prevented insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis resulting from by HF-AL treatment. TRF-blocked plasma increases in LCPUFA induced by HF-AL treatment but elevated concentrations of triacylglycerols and non-esterified saturated fatty acids. Analysis of the hepatic lipidome demonstrated that TRF did not elevate LCPUFA while reducing steatosis. However, TRF created (1) a separate hepatic lipid signature for triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine species and (2) modified gene and protein expression consistent with reduced fatty acid synthesis and restoration of diurnal gene signaling. TRF increased the saturated fatty acid content in visceral adipose tissue. In summary, TRF of a HF diet alters the lipidomic profile of plasma, liver, and adipose tissue, creating a third distinct lipid metabolic state indicative of positive metabolic adaptations following HF intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Mehus
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Bret Rust
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Joseph P Idso
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Benjamin Hanson
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Lin Yan
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Michael R Bukowski
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
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15
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Kutzner L, Esselun C, Franke N, Schoenfeld K, Eckert GP, Schebb NH. Effect of dietary EPA and DHA on murine blood and liver fatty acid profile and liver oxylipin pattern depending on high and low dietary n6-PUFA. Food Funct 2020; 11:9177-9191. [PMID: 33030169 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intake of long-chain n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are associated with beneficial health effects, is low in the Western diet, while the portion of dietary n6-PUFA and hence the n6/n3-PUFA ratio is high. Strategies to improve the n3-PUFA status are n3-PUFA supplementation and/or lowering n6-PUFA intake. In the present study, mice were fed with two different sunflower oil-based control diets rich in linoleic (n6-high) or oleic acid (n6-low), either with low n3-PUFA content (∼0.02%) as control or with ∼0.6% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The n6-low diet had only little or no effect on levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and its free oxylipins in liver tissue. Supplementation with EPA or DHA lowered ARA levels with an effect size of n6-high < n6-low. Blood cell %EPA + DHA reached >8% and >11% in n6-high and n6-low groups, respectively. Elevation of EPA levels and EPA derived oxylipins was most pronounced in n6-low groups in liver tissue, while levels of DHA and DHA derived oxylipins were generally unaffected by the background diet. While the n6-low diet alone had no effect on blood and liver tissue ARA levels or n3-PUFA status, a supplementation of EPA or DHA was more effective in combination with an n6-low diet. Thus, supplementation of long-chain n3-PUFA combined with a reduction of dietary n6-PUFA is the most effective way to improve the endogenous n3-PUFA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kutzner
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Carsten Esselun
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Franke
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Schoenfeld
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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16
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Neijat M, Zacek P, Picklo MJ, House JD. Lipidomic characterization of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species of egg yolk lipid derived from hens fed flaxseed oil and marine algal biomass. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 161:102178. [PMID: 32980739 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), consist of distinct fatty acids occupying the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, reflecting the highly regulated nature of lipid biosynthesis. However, little is known about the influence of dietary lipids on the positional nature of fatty acids in tissues, including the enrichment of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in chicken egg yolk phospholipids. This study was undertaken to characterize the PC and PE species in egg lipids derived from Lohmann hens (n=10/treatment) randomly allocated to either a control (no supplementation), a flaxseed oil (FO) or a marine algal oil (MA) diet. Each of the FO or MA diets supplied three levels of total omega-3 PUFA (0.20, 0.40 and 0.60% of diet) that were provided for 6 weeks. A combination of multiplexed mass spectrometry (MS) experiments are used to determine total, isobaric, and position molecules for PC and PE in egg yolk. The distribution of phospholipids in the yolk was predominantly PC over PE (~72 vs. 23%, respectively) across treatments. The longer chain PUFA existed in the sn-2 position in the PC and PE. Although docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) formed isomers with fatty acids 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1; it was preferentially enriched in the egg in combination with 16:0 with both the FO and MA-fed groups in both lipid pools. All 22:6-containing isomers were enriched by ~2-fold more (P < 0.0001) with MA than FO, however, all isomers exhibited a plateau with the FO-fed group. In addition, the MS analyses of PCs revealed several isobaric species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), however, in the PE, EPA formed only one isomer (i.e. in combination with 16:0). These results may assist to elucidate potential aspects regulating the limited enrichment of omega-3 PUFA, particularly EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) in chicken eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P Zacek
- Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University in Prague, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - M J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034
| | - J D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2E1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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17
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Sergi D, Williams LM. Potential relationship between dietary long-chain saturated fatty acids and hypothalamic dysfunction in obesity. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:261-277. [PMID: 31532491 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, which leads to hypothalamic dysfunction and a loss of regulation of energy balance, is emerging as a potential driver of obesity. Excessive intake of long-chain saturated fatty acids is held to be the causative dietary component in hypothalamic inflammation. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of long-chain saturated fatty acids in promoting hypothalamic inflammation and the related induction of central insulin and leptin insensitivity. Particularly, the present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking long-chain saturated fatty acids and hypothalamic inflammation, emphasizing the metabolic fate of fatty acids and the resulting lipotoxicity, which is a key driver of hypothalamic dysfunction. In conclusion, long-chain saturated fatty acids are key nutrients that promote hypothalamic inflammation and dysfunction by fostering the build-up of lipotoxic lipid species, such as ceramide. Furthermore, when long-chain saturated fatty acids are consumed in combination with high levels of refined carbohydrates, the proinflammatory effects are exacerbated via a mechanism that relies on the formation of advanced glycation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynda M Williams
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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18
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Chen J, Li J, Liu X, He Y. Effects of dietary fat saturation level on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid composition and meat quality of finishing pigs. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:895-903. [PMID: 32898947 PMCID: PMC8100467 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios (UFA to SFA ratios) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Methods A total of 45 crossbred pigs ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 60.3±2.4 kg, were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 dietary UFA to SFA ratios. Results Both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas backfat thickness was decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased quadratically or linearly (p<0.05) respectively, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased quadratically (p<0.05) with increasing dietary UFA to SFA ratio. In M. longissimus thoracis, the proportion of C18:1 and monounsaturated FA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were increased linearly (p<0.05) as dietary UFA to SFA ratio increased. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the proportion of SFA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the UFA to SFA ratios were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Meat color scores and shear force of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas drip loss and cooking loss were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Conclusion Appropriately boosted dietary UFA to SFA ratio could be conductive to optimize blood lipid parameters and tissue FA composition. However, when the ratio is too high or too low it tends to have negative effects on growth performance and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Shenyang Wise Diligence AgricultureTechnology Company Limited, Xinmin 110300, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang He
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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19
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Labban RSM, Alfawaz H, Almnaizel AT, Hassan WM, Bhat RS, Moubayed NM, Bjørklund G, El-Ansary A. High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:147-160. [PMID: 33312720 PMCID: PMC7705990 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyah Shaker M Labban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of Health, General Administration of Nutrition, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed T Almnaizel
- Prince Naif for Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Ms Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Krishnan B, Sallam HS, Tumurbataar B, Saieva S, Baymon D, Tuvdendorj D, Micci MA, Abate N, Taglialatela G. Amelioration of hippocampal dysfunction by adipose tissue-targeted stem cell transplantation in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Neurochem 2020; 153:51-62. [PMID: 31730234 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance is linked to cognitive impairment. We recently confirmed altered lipid composition, down-regulation of insulin receptor expression and impaired basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of our transgenic murine model of adipocyte insulin resistance (AtENPP1-Tg). Here we evaluated whether the correction of adipose tissue dysfunction [via the subcutaneous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)] can improve the hippocampal synaptic transmission in AtENPP1-Tg mice versus their wildtype littermates. Animals were simply randomized to receive MSC, then weighed weekly for 12 weeks. At euthanasia, we assessed leptin in the collected serum and hippocampal synaptic high-frequency stimulation long-term potentiation (HFS-LTP) using brain slices. MSC transplantation normalized AtENPP1-Tg body and epididymal fat weights and was associated with increased leptin levels, a sign of adipocyte maturation. More importantly, transplantation restored the deficiency observed in AtENPP1-Tg HFS-LTP, the cellular readout of memory. Our results further corroborate the role of adipocyte maturation arrest in adipose tissue and highlight a role for the adipose tissue in modulating hippocampal cellular mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms for the MSC-induced improvement of hippocampal HFS-LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnan
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hanaa S Sallam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Batbayar Tumurbataar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Salvatore Saieva
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Da'Marcus Baymon
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Demidmaa Tuvdendorj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maria-Adelaide Micci
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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21
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Tamer F, Ulug E, Akyol A, Nergiz-Unal R. The potential efficacy of dietary fatty acids and fructose induced inflammation and oxidative stress on the insulin signaling and fat accumulation in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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22
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Dias CCQ, Madruga MS, Pintado MME, Almeida GHO, Alves APV, Dantas FA, Bezerra JKG, de Melo MFFT, Viera VB, Soares JKB. Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) decrease visceral fat, yet augment glucose in dyslipidemic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225736. [PMID: 31830056 PMCID: PMC6907795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of roasted Cashew nuts consumption on biochemical and murinometric parameters in dyslipidemic rats receiving lipid supplementation. Young male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 10). The Control group (CONT) was treated with water, the Dyslipidemic group (DL) received a high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, and the Dyslipidemic Cashew Nuts group (DLCN) received the same high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, yet was treated with Cashew nuts. Body parameters, biochemical, hepatic and fecal fatty acid profiles were all evaluated. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in the DL and DLCN groups as compared to the control group. DLCN and CONT presented no difference in HDL levels. DLCN presented higher glycemia levels than the other groups. There was reduction of body fat in DLCN as compared to other groups, but with higher accumulations of liver fat. DLCN presented a reduction in saturated hepatic fatty acids of 20.8%, and an increase of 177% in relation to CONT; there was also a 21% in increase DL for ω9 fatty acids in comparison to CONT. As for fecal fatty acids, there was a lower concentration of polysaturates in DLCN as compared to the other groups. The data showed that the consumption of Cashew nuts by the dyslipidemic animals treated with a hyperlipidic diet induced greater accumulations of liver fat and worsened glycemic levels, despite having reduced visceral fats and increased fecal fat excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina C. Q. Dias
- DEA—Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Marta S. Madruga
- DEA—Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Manuela E. Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Paula Vilar Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francileide Amaro Dantas
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Késsia B. Soares
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
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23
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Bjorndal B, Vachkova E, Penchev G, Berge R, Ribarski S, Georgieva TM, Yonkova P, Georgiev IP. Effect of fish oil supplementation and restricted feeding on body fat distribution and blood lipid profile in a rabbit model of castration-induced obesity. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:99-105. [PMID: 30861430 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of fish oil supplementation and restricted feeding on body fat distribution and blood lipid profile in experimentally induced obesity in rabbits. The trial was carried out with 30 male rabbits, divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each (NC - non-castrated, non-treated, full-diet fed; C100 - castrated, non-treated, full-diet fed; FO100 - castrated, treated with fish oil, full-diet fed; C50 - castrated, non-treated, 50% restricted fed; FO50 - castrated, treated with fish oil, 50% restricted fed). At the end of the experiment, plasma lipids measurement and quantification of fat distribution was performed. The results of this study indicate that fish oil supplementation reduces obesity-associated abnormalities in lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and non-esterified fatty acids) and in body fat distribution in full-diet fed rabbits. Restricted feeding (C50) alone and the combination of restricted feeding and fish oil supplementation (FO50) in particular, has a detrimental effect on the lipid profile despite the marked reduction in intra-abdominal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grigorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zh Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - B Bjorndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - E Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - G Penchev
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - R Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - S Ribarski
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - T Mircheva Georgieva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - P Yonkova
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - I Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
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Žáček P, Bukowski M, Mehus A, Johnson L, Zeng H, Raatz S, Idso JP, Picklo M. Dietary saturated fatty acid type impacts obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and plasma lipidomic signatures in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 64:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Elkin RG, Kukorowski AN, Ying Y, Harvatine KJ. Dietary High-Oleic Acid Soybean Oil Dose Dependently Attenuates Egg Yolk Content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Fed Supplemental Flaxseed Oil. Lipids 2018; 53:235-249. [PMID: 29569243 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chickens can hepatically synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) from α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3); however, the process is inefficient and competitively inhibited by dietary linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2 n-6). In the present study, the influence of dietary high-oleic acid (OLA; 18:1 n-9) soybean oil (HOSO) on egg and tissue deposition of ALA and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthesized from dietary ALA was investigated in laying hens fed a reduced-LNA base diet supplemented with high-ALA flaxseed oil (FLAX). We hypothesized that reducing the dietary level of LNA would promote greater hepatic conversion of ALA to very long-chain (VLC; >20C) n-3 PUFA, while supplemental dietary HOSO would simultaneously further enrich eggs with OLA without influencing egg n-3 PUFA contents. Nine 51-week-old hens each were fed 0, 10, 20, or 40 g HOSO/kg diet for 12 weeks. Within each group, supplemental dietary FLAX was increased every 3 weeks from 0 to 10 to 20 to 40 g/kg diet. Compared to controls, dietary FLAX maximally enriched the total n-3 and VLC n-3 PUFA contents in egg yolk by 9.4-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, while feeding hens 40 g HOSO/kg diet maximally attenuated the yolk deposition of ALA, VLC n-3 PUFA, and total n-3 PUFA by 37, 15, and 32%, respectively. These results suggest that dietary OLA is not neutral with regard to the overall process by which dietary ALA is absorbed, metabolized, and deposited into egg yolk, either intact or in the form of longer-chain/more unsaturated n-3 PUFA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Elkin
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alexandra N Kukorowski
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yun Ying
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction are linked to aberrant endogenous unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193553. [PMID: 29494668 PMCID: PMC5832311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy leads to derangements in lipid metabolism that may contribute to the development of cardiac dysfunction. Since previous studies, using high saturated fat diets, have yielded inconclusive results, we investigated whether provision of a high-unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) diet was sufficient to restore impaired lipid metabolism and normalize diastolic dysfunction in the pathologically hypertrophied heart. Male, Wistar rats were subjected to supra-valvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) or sham surgery. After 6 weeks, diastolic dysfunction and pathological hypertrophy was confirmed and both sham and SVAS rats were treated with either normolipidic or HUFA diet. At 18 weeks post-surgery, the HUFA diet failed to normalize decreased E/A ratios or attenuate measures of cardiac hypertrophy in SVAS animals. Enzymatic activity assays and gene expression analysis showed that both normolipidic and HUFA-fed hypertrophied hearts had similar increases in glycolytic enzyme activity and down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation genes. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed depletion of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleate and oleate, within the endogenous lipid pools of normolipidic SVAS hearts. The HUFA diet did not restore linoleate or oleate in the cardiac lipid pools, but did maintain body weight and adipose mass in SVAS animals. Overall, these results suggest that, in addition to decreased fatty acid oxidation, aberrant unsaturated fatty acid metabolism may be a maladaptive signature of the pathologically hypertrophied heart. The HUFA diet is insufficient to reverse metabolic remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, or pathologically hypertrophy, possibly do to preferentially partitioning of unsaturated fatty acids to adipose tissue.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, concerns have been raised with regard to the recommended doses of marine long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-omega-3 PUFAs) especially in relation to cancer risk and treatment. There is urgent need to clarify this point. This review considers the most recent evidence related to the potential risk of developing cancer with high LC-omega-3 PUFA intakes, and possible research strategies to better elucidate this matter. RECENT FINDINGS The latest published recommendations have still highlighted the usefulness of an increased dietary intake of LC-omega-3 PUFAs for the prevention of some cardiovascular diseases. However, LC-omega-3 PUFAs have been related to the potential development and progression of cancer, and considerable debate exists on this issue. SUMMARY The use of biomarkers reflecting the intake of LC-omega-3 PUFAs as cancer risk markers is discussed, as well as the possibility that the reported beneficial/deleterious effects may be confined to specific subpopulations on the basis of genetic, metabolic, and nutritional characteristics. Recent advances on new strategies for a safer intake of LC-omega-3 PUFAs will be considered, as their dietary sources may be contaminated by toxic/carcinogenic compounds. Potentially future directions in this important research area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, L.go F. Vito, Roma, Italia
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Wang Q, Liu M, Xu L, Wu Y, Huang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of hepatic fat metabolism disorder caused by Muscovy duck reovirus infection. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:127-139. [PMID: 28911249 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1380294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the fatty degeneration of livers infected with Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), which produces obvious white necrotic foci in the liver. Transcriptome data for MDRV-infected Muscovy duck livers and control livers were sequenced, assembled, and annotated with Illumina® HiSeq 2000. The differentially expressed genes were screened and their functions were analysed. We also determined and confirmed the molecular mechanism of the hepatic fat metabolism disorder caused by MDRV infection. The expression of 4190 genes was higher in the infected livers than in the control livers, and the expression of 1113 genes was reduced. A Gene Ontology analysis showed that these genes were involved in 48 biological functions, and were significantly enriched in 237 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The free fatty acid content was significantly higher in the livers of infected Muscovy ducks than in the control livers (P < 0.01). The KEGG analysis showed that MDRV infection inhibited the cholesterol efflux from hepatic cells and reduced the expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid degradation (scavenger receptor class b type 1, ABCG8, and APOA4), leading to the accumulation of fatty acids and cholesterol in the liver cells. In this study, we have identified the genes differentially expressed in livers infected by MDRV, from which we inferred the genes associated with lipodystrophia, and elucidated the molecular mechanism of the hepatic steatosis induced by MDRV. ABBREVIATIONS ABC: ATP binding cassette transport; ACADVL: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain; ACAT: mitochondrial-like acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase A; ACAT2: acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2; ACNAT2: acyl-coenzyme A amino acid N-acyltransferase 2-like; ACOT1: acyl-CoA thioesterase 1; ACOT7: acyl-CoA thioesterase 7; ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl; ACSBG2: acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 2; ACSL1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ADH1: alcohol dehydrogenase 1; APOA4: apolipoprotein A-IV; ARV: avian reovirus; cDNA: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid; COG: Clusters of Orthologous Groups; DEG: differentially expressed gene; DGAT: diacylgycerol acyltransferase; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; ECI2: enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2; EHHADH: enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; FDR: false discovery rate; GCDH: Pseudopodoces humilis glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase; GO: Gene Ontology; HADHA: hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit; I-FABP: intestinal fatty acid binding protein; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; L-FABP: liver fatty acid binding protein; MDRV: Muscovy duck reovirus; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NPC1L1: Niemann-Pick C1-like 1; qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNA: ribonucleic acid; RNase: ribonuclease; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing technology; RPKM: reads per kilobase per million mapped reads; SR-B1: scavenger receptor class b type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxi Wang
- a College of Animal Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- a College of Animal Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Xu
- a College of Animal Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Wu
- a College of Animal Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Huang
- a College of Animal Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,b Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Chu Y, Yu L, Kang H, Zhou L. Transcriptomic analysis of Bama pig's liver in various nutritional states reveals a metabolic difference of fatty acids. Food Funct 2017; 8:3480-3490. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00937b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both fasting and treatment with a high-fat diet (HFD) can dramatically change fat metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P.R. China
| | - Yi Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P.R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- Hangzhou King Techina Feed Co
- Ltd
- Yuhang District, Hangzhou
- China
| | - Huifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P.R. China
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