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Zhukov A, Vereshchagin M. Polar Glycerolipids and Membrane Lipid Rafts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8325. [PMID: 39125896 PMCID: PMC11312961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of the structure and functioning of biomembranes is impossible without determining the mechanism of formation of membrane lipid rafts. The formation of liquid-ordered and disordered phases (Lo and Ld) and lipid rafts in membranes and their simplified models is discussed. A new consideration of the processes of formation of lipid phases Lo and Ld and lipid rafts is proposed, taking into account the division of each of the glycerophospholipids into several groups. Generally accepted three-component schemes for modeling the membrane structure are critically considered. A four-component scheme is proposed, which is designed to more accurately assume the composition of lipids in the resulting Lo and Ld phases. The role of the polar head groups of phospholipids and, in particular, phosphatidylethanolamine is considered. The structure of membrane rafts and the possible absence of a clear boundary between the Lo and Ld phases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia;
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2
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Demyanenko SV, Kalyuzhnaya YN, Bachurin SS, Khaitin AM, Kunitsyna AE, Batalshchikova SA, Evgen'ev MB, Garbuz DG. Exogenous Hsp70 exerts neuroprotective effects in peripheral nerve rupture model. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114670. [PMID: 38158007 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hsp70 is the main molecular chaperone responsible for cellular proteostasis under normal conditions and for restoring the conformation or utilization of proteins damaged by stress. Increased expression of endogenous Hsp70 or administration of exogenous Hsp70 is known to exert neuroprotective effects in models of many neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have investigated the effect of exogenous Hsp70 on recovery from peripheral nerve injury in a model of sciatic nerve transection in rats. It was shown that recombinant Hsp70 after being added to the conduit connecting the ends of the nerve at the site of its extended severance, migrates along the nerve into the spinal ganglion and is retained there at least three days. In animals with the addition of recombinant Hsp70 to the conduit, a decrease in apoptosis in the spinal ganglion cells after nerve rupture, an increase in the level of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), an increase in markers of nerve tissue regeneration and a decrease in functional deficit were observed compared to control animals. The obtained data indicate the possibility of using recombinant Hsp70 preparations to accelerate the recovery of patients after neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Demyanenko
- Laboratory «Molecular Neurobiology», Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry no. 2, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Yuliya N Kalyuzhnaya
- Laboratory «Molecular Neurobiology», Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Bachurin
- Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry no. 2, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Andrey M Khaitin
- Laboratory «Molecular Neurobiology», Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anastasia E Kunitsyna
- Laboratory «Molecular Neurobiology», Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Batalshchikova
- Laboratory «Molecular Neurobiology», Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael B Evgen'ev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - David G Garbuz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Tarawneh R. Microvascular Contributions to Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: Is Alzheimer Disease Primarily an Endotheliopathy? Biomolecules 2023; 13:830. [PMID: 37238700 PMCID: PMC10216678 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) models are based on the notion that abnormal protein aggregation is the primary event in AD, which begins a decade or longer prior to symptom onset, and culminates in neurodegeneration; however, emerging evidence from animal and clinical studies suggests that reduced blood flow due to capillary loss and endothelial dysfunction are early and primary events in AD pathogenesis, which may precede amyloid and tau aggregation, and contribute to neuronal and synaptic injury via direct and indirect mechanisms. Recent data from clinical studies suggests that endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with cognitive outcomes in AD and that therapeutic strategies which promote endothelial repair in early AD may offer a potential opportunity to prevent or slow disease progression. This review examines evidence from clinical, imaging, neuropathological, and animal studies supporting vascular contributions to the onset and progression of AD pathology. Together, these observations support the notion that the onset of AD may be primarily influenced by vascular, rather than neurodegenerative, mechanisms and emphasize the importance of further investigations into the vascular hypothesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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Saadi S, Ghazali HM, Saari N, Ariffin AA, Mohammed AS, Anwar F, Nacer NE. Eradication of phosphatide- esters using biomaterial‒ Conjugates like liposomes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang D, Li M, Li J, Fang Y, Zhang Z. Synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2 H)-one derivatives and their antioomycete activity against the phytopathogen Pythium recalcitrans†. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10523-10541. [PMID: 37021099 PMCID: PMC10068754 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to exploit the bioactive natural scaffold 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one for plant disease management, 59 derivatives of this scaffold were synthesized using the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction. The results of bioassay indicated that their antioomycete activity against Pythium recalcitrans was superior to the antifungal activity against the other 6 phytopathogens. Compound I23 showed the highest in vitro potency against P. recalcitrans with an EC50 value of 14 μM, which was higher than that of the commercial hymexazol (37.7 μM). Moreover, I23 exhibited in vivo preventive efficacy of 75.4% at the dose of 2.0 mg/pot, which did not show significant differences compared with those of hymexazol treatments (63.9%). When the dose was 5.0 mg per pot, I23 achieved a preventive efficacy of 96.5%. The results of the physiological and biochemical analysis, the ultrastructural observation and lipidomics analysis suggested that the mode of action of I23 might be the disruption of the biological membrane systems of P. recalcitrans. In addition, the established CoMFA and CoMSIA models with reasonable statistics in the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study revealed the necessity of the C4-carboxyl group and other structural requirements for activity. Overall, the above results would help us to better understand the mode of action and the SAR of these derivatives, and provide crucial information for further design and development of more potent 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives as antioomycete agents against P. recalcitrans. A collection of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one derivatives were synthesized by Castagnoli–Cushman reaction to screen antioomycete agents against Pythium recalcitrans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031China
| | - Yali Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031China
| | - Zhijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031China
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Li N, Sun J, Chen JL, Bai X, Wang TH. Gene Network Mechanism of Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsule in Treating Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912392. [PMID: 35873563 PMCID: PMC9302771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZLH) in the treatment of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and determine the underlying molecular network mechanism. Methods: The treatment effect of Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZLH) was evaluated for cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) rat, and the underlying molecular network mechanism was explored by using molecular network analysis based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics including protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), as well as molecular docking. Results: The neurological function of rats in the ZLH group was significantly improved compared to those in the NS group (p = 0.000), confirming the positive effect of ZLH for the treatment of brain ischemia. There were 126 intersecting genes screened in ischemia–reperfusion cerebrum that are associated with several important biological processes, such as lipopolysaccharide, and the most important cell component, such as raft, as well as the most important molecular function pointed as cytokine receptor binding. The most important KEGG signaling pathway was the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Moreover, according to the STRING interaction in the PPI network, 10 hub genes including MAPK14, FOS, MAPK1, JUN, MYC, RELA, ESR1, STAT1, AKT1, and IL6 were selected and exhibited in Cytoscape and molecular docking. Lastly, the relation between PPI, GO, and KEGG was analyzed. These findings indicated that multiple hub network genes have been involved in behavior improvement in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion rats subjected to ZLH treatment. Conclusion: Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule improves cerebral ischemia–reperfusion and is associated with multiple network gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ting-Hua Wang, ; Xue Bai,
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ting-Hua Wang, ; Xue Bai,
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7
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and a Fresh View on Shiga Toxin-Binding Glycosphingolipids of Primary Human Kidney and Colon Epithelial Cells and Their Toxin Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136884. [PMID: 35805890 PMCID: PMC9266556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are the human pathogenic subset of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC). EHEC are responsible for severe colon infections associated with life-threatening extraintestinal complications such as the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and neurological disturbances. Endothelial cells in various human organs are renowned targets of Stx, whereas the role of epithelial cells of colon and kidneys in the infection process has been and is still a matter of debate. This review shortly addresses the clinical impact of EHEC infections, novel aspects of vesicular package of Stx in the intestine and the blood stream as well as Stx-mediated extraintestinal complications and therapeutic options. Here follows a compilation of the Stx-binding glycosphingolipids (GSLs), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) and their various lipoforms present in primary human kidney and colon epithelial cells and their distribution in lipid raft-analog membrane preparations. The last issues are the high and extremely low susceptibility of primary renal and colonic epithelial cells, respectively, suggesting a large resilience of the intestinal epithelium against the human-pathogenic Stx1a- and Stx2a-subtypes due to the low content of the high-affinity Stx-receptor Gb3Cer in colon epithelial cells. The review closes with a brief outlook on future challenges of Stx research.
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Jebastin K, Narayanasamy D. Rationale utilization of phospholipid excipients: a distinctive tool for progressing state of the art in research of emerging drug carriers. J Liposome Res 2022; 33:1-33. [PMID: 35543241 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2069809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids have a high degree of biocompatibility and are deemed ideal pharmaceutical excipients in the development of lipid-based drug delivery systems, because of their unique features (permeation, solubility enhancer, emulsion stabilizer, micelle forming agent, and the key excipients in solid dispersions) they can be used in a variety of pharmaceutical drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, phytosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc. The primary usage of phospholipids in a colloidal pharmaceutical formulation is to enhance the drug's bioavailability with low aqueous solubility [i.e. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs], Membrane penetration (i.e. BCS Class III drugs), drug uptake and release enhancement or modification, protection of sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from gastrointestinal degradation, a decrease of gastrointestinal adverse effects, and even masking of the bitter taste of orally delivered drugs are other uses. Phospholipid-based colloidal drug products can be tailored to address a wide variety of product requirements, including administration methods, cost, product stability, toxicity, and efficacy. Such formulations that are also a cost-effective method for developing medications for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral administration. The originality of this review work is that we comprehensively evaluated the unique properties and special aspects of phospholipids and summarized how the individual phospholipids can be utilized in various types of lipid-based drug delivery systems, as well as listing newly marketed lipid-based products, patents, and continuing clinical trials of phospholipid-based therapeutic products. This review would be helpful for researchers responsible for formulation development and research into novel colloidal phospholipid-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koilpillai Jebastin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Damodharan Narayanasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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Yang MT, Lan QY, Liang X, Mao YY, Cai XK, Tian F, Liu ZY, Li X, Zhao YR, Zhu HL. Lactational Changes of Phospholipids Content and Composition in Chinese Breast Milk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081539. [PMID: 35458100 PMCID: PMC9030290 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are pivotal polar lipids in human milk and essential for infants’ growth and development, especially in the brain and cognitive development. Its content and composition are affected by multiple factors and there exist discrepancies in different studies. In this study, we determined five major phospholipids classes (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin) in 2270 human milk samples collected from 0 to 400 days postpartum in six regions of China. The high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was performed to quantify the phospholipids. Total phospholipid median (IQR) content was in a range between 170.38 ± 96.52 mg/L to 195.69 ± 81.80 mg/L during lactation and was higher concentrated in colostrum milk and later stage of lactation (after 200 days postpartum) compared with that in the samples collected between 10 to 45 days postpartum. Variations in five major sub-class phospholipids content were also observed across lactation stages (phosphatidylethanolamine: 52.61 ± 29.05 to 59.95 ± 41.74 mg/L; phosphatidylinositol: 17.65 ± 10.68 to 20.38 ± 8.55 mg/L; phosphatidylserine: 15.98 ± 9.02 to 22.77 ± 11.17 mg/L; phosphatidylcholine: 34.13 ± 25.33 to 48.64 ± 19.73 mg/L; sphingomyelin: 41.35 ± 20.31 to 54.79 ± 35.26 mg/L). Phosphatidylethanolamine (29.18–32.52%), phosphatidylcholine (19.90–25.04%) and sphingomyelin (22.39–29.17%) were the dominant sub-class phospholipids in Chinese breast milk during the whole lactation period. These results updated phospholipids data in Chinese human milk and could provide evidence for better development of secure and effective human milk surrogates for infants without access to breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tao Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Ye Lan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China;
| | - Ying-Yi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao-Kun Cai
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Yan-Rong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (X.-K.C.); (F.T.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-R.Z.); (H.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-2082-2472 (Y.-R.Z.); +86-20-8733-1811 (H.-L.Z.)
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (M.-T.Y.); (Q.-Y.L.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-R.Z.); (H.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-2082-2472 (Y.-R.Z.); +86-20-8733-1811 (H.-L.Z.)
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García‐Sanz P, M.F.G. Aerts J, Moratalla R. The Role of Cholesterol in α-Synuclein and Lewy Body Pathology in GBA1 Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1070-1085. [PMID: 33219714 PMCID: PMC8247417 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are lost, resulting in a decrease in striatal dopamine and, consequently, motor control. Dopaminergic degeneration is associated with the appearance of Lewy bodies, which contain membrane structures and proteins, including α-synuclein (α-Syn), in surviving neurons. PD displays a multifactorial pathology and develops from interactions between multiple elements, such as age, environmental conditions, and genetics. Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent one of the major genetic risk factors for PD. This gene encodes an essential lysosomal enzyme called β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is responsible for degrading the glycolipid glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide. GCase can generate glucosylated cholesterol via transglucosylation and can also degrade the sterol glucoside. Although the molecular mechanisms that predispose an individual to neurodegeneration remain unknown, the role of cholesterol in PD pathology deserves consideration. Disturbed cellular cholesterol metabolism, as reflected by accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol in GBA1-associated PD cellular models, could contribute to changes in lipid rafts, which are necessary for synaptic localization and vesicle cycling and modulation of synaptic integrity. α-Syn has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal cholesterol, and cholesterol facilitates interactions between α-Syn oligomers. In this review, we integrate the results of previous studies and describe the cholesterol landscape in cellular homeostasis and neuronal function. We discuss its implication in α-Syn and Lewy body pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, focusing on the role of GCase and cholesterol. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García‐Sanz
- Instituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Johannes M.F.G. Aerts
- Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden UniversityFaculty of ScienceLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Koklič T, Hrovat A, Guixà-González R, Rodríguez-Espigares I, Navio D, Frangež R, Uršič M, Kubale V, Plemenitaš A, Selent J, Šentjurc M, Vrecl M. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Gives Evidence for the Presence of Type 1 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRH-R) in Subdomains of Lipid Rafts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040973. [PMID: 33673080 PMCID: PMC7918721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of type 1 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) localization within lipid rafts on the properties of plasma membrane (PM) nanodomain structure. Confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of PM-localized GnRH-R with GM1-enriched raft-like PM subdomains. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) of a membrane-partitioned spin probe was then used to study PM fluidity of immortalized pituitary gonadotrope cell line αT3-1 and HEK-293 cells stably expressing GnRH-R and compared it with their corresponding controls (αT4 and HEK-293 cells). Computer-assisted interpretation of EPR spectra revealed three modes of spin probe movement reflecting the properties of three types of PM nanodomains. Domains with an intermediate order parameter (domain 2) were the most affected by the presence of the GnRH-Rs, which increased PM ordering (order parameter (S)) and rotational mobility of PM lipids (decreased rotational correlation time (τc)). Depletion of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (methyl-β-CD) inhibited agonist-induced GnRH-R internalization and intracellular Ca2+ activity and resulted in an overall reduction in PM order; an observation further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of model membrane systems. This study provides evidence that GnRH-R PM localization may be related to a subdomain of lipid rafts that has lower PM ordering, suggesting lateral heterogeneity within lipid raft domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilen Koklič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.K.); (M.Š.)
| | - Alenka Hrovat
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.H.); (R.F.); (M.U.); (V.K.)
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (I.R.-E.); (D.N.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ismael Rodríguez-Espigares
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (I.R.-E.); (D.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Damaris Navio
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (I.R.-E.); (D.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Robert Frangež
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.H.); (R.F.); (M.U.); (V.K.)
| | - Matjaž Uršič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.H.); (R.F.); (M.U.); (V.K.)
| | - Valentina Kubale
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.H.); (R.F.); (M.U.); (V.K.)
| | - Ana Plemenitaš
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (I.R.-E.); (D.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Marjeta Šentjurc
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.K.); (M.Š.)
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.H.); (R.F.); (M.U.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-477-9118
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12
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Tsuji T, Morita SY, Nakamura Y, Ikeda Y, Kambe T, Terada T. Alterations in cellular and organellar phospholipid compositions of HepG2 cells during cell growth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2731. [PMID: 33526799 PMCID: PMC7851136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2, has been used for investigating a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, less information is available about the phospholipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. In the present report, to clarify the relationship between cell growth and phospholipid metabolism in HepG2 cells, we examined the phospholipid class compositions of the cells and their intracellular organelles by using enzymatic fluorometric methods. In HepG2 cells, the ratios of all phospholipid classes, but not the ratio of cholesterol, markedly changed with cell growth. Of note, depending on cell growth, the phosphatidic acid (PA) ratio increased and phosphatidylcholine (PC) ratio decreased in the nuclear membranes, the sphingomyelin (SM) ratio increased in the microsomal membranes, and the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio increased and the phosphatidylserine (PS) ratio decreased in the mitochondrial membranes. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of enzymes related to PC, PE, PS, PA, SM and cardiolipin syntheses changed during cell growth. We suggest that the phospholipid class compositions of organellar membranes are tightly regulated by cell growth. These findings provide a basis for future investigations of cancer cell growth and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuji Tsuji
- grid.472014.4Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Shin-ya Morita
- grid.472014.4Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- grid.472014.4Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Yoshito Ikeda
- grid.472014.4Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Terada
- grid.472014.4Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
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13
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Editorial to the Special Issue "Lipidomics and Neurodegenerative Diseases". Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031270. [PMID: 33525336 PMCID: PMC7865316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of dysregulation of lipid signaling and metabolism to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's is the focus of this special issue. Here, the matter of three reviews and one research article is summarized.
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Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Interaction of Some Microdomain-Associated Lipids with Cellular Focal Adhesion Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218149. [PMID: 33142729 PMCID: PMC7662714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix at distinct anchoring points, mostly focal adhesions. These are rich in immobile transmembrane- and cytoskeletal-associated proteins, some of which are known to interact with lipids of the plasma membrane. To investigate their effect on lipid mobility and molecular interactions, fluorescently labeled lipids were incorporated into the plasma membranes of primary myofibroblasts using fusogenic liposomes. With fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we tested mobilities of labeled microdomain-associated lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM), ganglioside (GM1), and cholesterol as well as of a microdomain-excluded phospholipid (PC) and a lipid-like molecule (DiIC18(7)) in focal adhesions (FAs) and in neighboring non-adherent membrane areas. We found significantly slower diffusion of SM and GM1 inside FAs but no effect on cholesterol, PC, and DiIC18(7). These data were compared to the molecular behavior in Lo/Ld-phase separated giant unilamellar vesicles, which served as a model system for microdomain containing lipid membranes. In contrast to the model system, lipid mobility changes in FAs were molecularly selective, and no particle enrichment occurred. Our findings suggest that lipid behavior in FAs cannot be described by Lo/Ld-phase separation. The observed slow-down of some molecules in FAs is potentially due to transient binding between lipids and some molecular constituent(s).
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15
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Rimkute I, Thorsteinsson K, Henricsson M, Tenge VR, Yu X, Lin SC, Haga K, Atmar RL, Lycke N, Nilsson J, Estes MK, Bally M, Larson G. Histo-blood group antigens of glycosphingolipids predict susceptibility of human intestinal enteroids to norovirus infection. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15974-15987. [PMID: 32913124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms behind infection and propagation of human restricted pathogens such as human norovirus (HuNoV) have defied interrogation because they were previously unculturable. However, human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) have emerged to offer unique ex vivo models for targeted studies of intestinal biology, including inflammatory and infectious diseases. Carbohydrate-dependent histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are known to be critical for clinical infection. To explore whether HBGAs of glycosphingolipids contribute to HuNoV infection, we obtained HIE cultures established from stem cells isolated from jejunal biopsies of six individuals with different ABO, Lewis, and secretor genotypes. We analyzed their glycerolipid and sphingolipid compositions and quantified interaction kinetics and the affinity of HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs) to lipid vesicles produced from the individual HIE-lipid extracts. All HIEs had a similar lipid and glycerolipid composition. Sphingolipids included HBGA-related type 1 chain glycosphingolipids (GSLs), with HBGA epitopes corresponding to the geno- and phenotypes of the different HIEs. As revealed by single-particle interaction studies of Sydney GII.4 VLPs with glycosphingolipid-containing HIE membranes, both binding kinetics and affinities explain the patterns of susceptibility toward GII.4 infection for individual HIEs. This is the first time norovirus VLPs have been shown to interact specifically with secretor gene-dependent GSLs embedded in lipid membranes of HIEs that propagate GII.4 HuNoV ex vivo, highlighting the potential of HIEs for advanced future studies of intestinal glycobiology and host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Rimkute
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Konrad Thorsteinsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victoria R Tenge
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shih-Ching Lin
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kei Haga
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Sarmento MJ, Ricardo JC, Amaro M, Šachl R. Organization of gangliosides into membrane nanodomains. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3668-3697. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Joana C. Ricardo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
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17
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Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
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18
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Zaremberg V, Ganesan S, Mahadeo M. Lipids and Membrane Microdomains: The Glycerolipid and Alkylphosphocholine Class of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 259:261-288. [PMID: 31302758 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic antitumor lipids are metabolically stable lysophosphatidylcholine derivatives, encompassing a class of non-mutagenic drugs that selectively target cancerous cells. In this chapter we review the literature as relates to the clinical efficacy of these antitumor lipid drugs and how our understanding of their mode of action has evolved alongside key advances in our knowledge of membrane structure, organization, and function. First, the history of the development of this class of drugs is described, providing a summary of clinical outcomes of key members including edelfosine, miltefosine, perifosine, erufosine, and erucylphosphocholine. A detailed description of the biophysical properties of these drugs and specific drug-lipid interactions which may contribute to the selectivity of the antitumor lipids for cancer cells follows. An updated model on the mode of action of these lipid drugs as membrane disorganizing agents is presented. Membrane domain organization as opposed to targeting specific proteins on membranes is discussed. By altering membranes, these antitumor lipids inhibit many survival pathways while activating pro-apoptotic signals leading to cell demise.
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19
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Vázquez RF, Daza Millone MA, Pavinatto FJ, Fanani ML, Oliveira ON, Vela ME, Maté SM. Impact of sphingomyelin acyl chain (16:0 vs 24:1) on the interfacial properties of Langmuir monolayers: A PM-IRRAS study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:549-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Grosjean K, Der C, Robert F, Thomas D, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Interactions between lipids and proteins are critical for organization of plasma membrane-ordered domains in tobacco BY-2 cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3545-3557. [PMID: 29722895 PMCID: PMC6022670 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The laterally heterogeneous plant plasma membrane (PM) is organized into finely controlled specialized areas that include membrane-ordered domains. Recently, the spatial distribution of such domains within the PM has been identified as playing a key role in cell responses to environmental challenges. To examine membrane order at a local level, BY-2 tobacco suspension cell PMs were labelled with an environment-sensitive probe (di-4-ANEPPDHQ). Four experimental models were compared to identify mechanisms and cell components involved in short-term (1 h) maintenance of the ordered domain organization in steady-state cell PMs: modulation of the cytoskeleton or the cell wall integrity of tobacco BY-2 cells; and formation of giant vesicles using either a lipid mixture of tobacco BY-2 cell PMs or the original lipid and protein combinations of the tobacco BY-2 cell PM. Whilst inhibiting phosphorylation or disrupting either the cytoskeleton or the cell wall had no observable effects, we found that lipids and proteins significantly modified both the abundance and spatial distribution of ordered domains. This indicates the involvement of intrinsic membrane components in the local physical state of the plant PM. Our findings support a major role for the 'lipid raft' model, defined as the sterol-dependent ordered assemblies of specific lipids and proteins in plant PM organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Grosjean
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Franck Robert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Nitenberg M, Bénarouche A, Maniti O, Marion E, Marsollier L, Géan J, Dufourc EJ, Cavalier JF, Canaan S, Girard-Egrot AP. The potent effect of mycolactone on lipid membranes. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006814. [PMID: 29320578 PMCID: PMC5779694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is a lipid-like endotoxin synthesized by an environmental human pathogen, Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causal agent of Buruli ulcer disease. Mycolactone has pleiotropic effects on fundamental cellular processes (cell adhesion, cell death and inflammation). Various cellular targets of mycolactone have been identified and a literature survey revealed that most of these targets are membrane receptors residing in ordered plasma membrane nanodomains, within which their functionalities can be modulated. We investigated the capacity of mycolactone to interact with membranes, to evaluate its effects on membrane lipid organization following its diffusion across the cell membrane. We used Langmuir monolayers as a cell membrane model. Experiments were carried out with a lipid composition chosen to be as similar as possible to that of the plasma membrane. Mycolactone, which has surfactant properties, with an apparent saturation concentration of 1 μM, interacted with the membrane at very low concentrations (60 nM). The interaction of mycolactone with the membrane was mediated by the presence of cholesterol and, like detergents, mycolactone reshaped the membrane. In its monomeric form, this toxin modifies lipid segregation in the monolayer, strongly affecting the formation of ordered microdomains. These findings suggest that mycolactone disturbs lipid organization in the biological membranes it crosses, with potential effects on cell functions and signaling pathways. Microdomain remodeling may therefore underlie molecular events, accounting for the ability of mycolactone to attack multiple targets and providing new insight into a single unifying mechanism underlying the pleiotropic effects of this molecule. This membrane remodeling may act in synergy with the other known effects of mycolactone on its intracellular targets, potentiating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milène Nitenberg
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS—UMR 5246, GEMBAS team, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ofelia Maniti
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS—UMR 5246, GEMBAS team, Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Marion
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Marsollier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Julie Géan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Erick J. Dufourc
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-François Cavalier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EIPL, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EIPL, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès P. Girard-Egrot
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS—UMR 5246, GEMBAS team, Lyon, France
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22
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Alvares DS, Viegas TG, Ruggiero Neto J. Lipid-packing perturbation of model membranes by pH-responsive antimicrobial peptides. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:669-682. [PMID: 28853007 PMCID: PMC5662038 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of conventional antibiotics is leading to an increase in the number of resistant bacterial strains, motivating the search for new compounds to overcome this challenging problem. Antimicrobial peptides, acting only in the lipid phase of membranes without requiring specific membrane receptors as do conventional antibiotics, have shown great potential as possible substituents of these drugs. These peptides are in general rich in basic and hydrophobic residues forming an amphipathic structure when in contact with membranes. The outer leaflet of the prokaryotic cell membrane is rich in anionic lipids, while the surface of the eukaryotic cell is zwitterionic. Due to their positive net charge, many of these peptides are selective to the prokaryotic membrane. Notwithstanding this preference for anionic membranes, some of them can also act on neutral ones, hampering their therapeutic use. In addition to the electrostatic interaction driving peptide adsorption by the membrane, the ability of the peptide to perturb lipid packing is of paramount importance in their capacity to induce cell lysis, which is strongly dependent on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In the present research, we revised the adsorption of antimicrobial peptides by model membranes as well as the perturbation that they induce in lipid packing. In particular, we focused on some peptides that have simultaneously acidic and basic residues. The net charges of these peptides are modulated by pH changes and the lipid composition of model membranes. We discuss the experimental approaches used to explore these aspects of lipid membranes using lipid vesicles and lipid monolayer as model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane S Alvares
- Department of Physics, UNESP - São Paulo State University, IBILCE, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Taisa Giordano Viegas
- Department of Physics, UNESP - São Paulo State University, IBILCE, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - João Ruggiero Neto
- Department of Physics, UNESP - São Paulo State University, IBILCE, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil.
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23
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Alvares DS, Ruggiero Neto J, Ambroggio EE. Phosphatidylserine lipids and membrane order precisely regulate the activity of Polybia-MP1 peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1067-1074. [PMID: 28274844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybia-MP1 (IDWKKLLDAAKQIL-NH2) is a lytic peptide from the Brazilian wasp venom with known anti-cancer properties. Previous evidence indicates that phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids are relevant for the lytic activity of MP1. In agreement with this requirement, phosphatidylserine lipids are translocated to the outer leaflet of cells, and are available for MP1 binding, depending on the presence of liquid-ordered domains. Here, we investigated the effect of PS on MP1 activity when this lipid is reconstituted in membranes of giant or large liposomes with different lipid-phase states. By monitoring the membrane and soluble luminal content of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), using fluorescence confocal microscopy, we were able to determine that MP1 has a pore-forming activity at the membrane level. Liquid-ordered domains, which were phase-separated within the membrane of GUVs, influenced the pore-forming activity of MP1. Experiments evaluating the membrane-binding and lytic activity of MP1 on large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), with the same lipid composition as GUVs, demonstrated that there was synergy between liquid-ordered domains and PS, which enhanced both activities. Based on our findings, we propose that the physicochemical properties of cancer cell membranes, which possess a much higher concentration of PS than normal cells, renders them susceptible to MP1 binding and lytic pore formation. These results can be correlated with MP1's potent and selective anti-cancer activity and pave the way for future research to develop cancer therapies that harness and exploit the properties of MP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane S Alvares
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, IBILCE, Department of Physics, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ruggiero Neto
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, IBILCE, Department of Physics, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ernesto E Ambroggio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quimica Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultas de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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24
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. Hypoxia/ischemia activate processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein: impact of vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 140:536-549. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
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25
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Yamauchi I, Uemura M, Hosokawa M, Iwashima-Suzuki A, Shiota M, Miyashita K. The dietary effect of milk sphingomyelin on the lipid metabolism of obese/diabetic KK-A(y) mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:3854-67. [PMID: 27501823 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purified milk sphingomyelin (SM) was obtained from lipid concentrated butter serum (LC-BS) by successive separations involving solvent fractionation, selective saponification, and silicic acid column chromatography. The SM obtained was given to obese/diabetic KK-A(y) mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. SM supplementation significantly increased fecal lipids paralleled with a decrease in non-HDL cholesterol levels in the serum and neutral lipids and in cholesterol levels in the livers of KK-A(y) mice. The reduction of liver lipid levels also resulted in a decrease in the total fatty acid content of the KK-A(y) mice livers, while n-3 fatty acids derived from the conversion of α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) increased due to SM supplementation. In contrast to the KK-A(y) mice, little change in the serum and liver lipids was observed in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. The present study suggests that SM may be effective only in subjects with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Bio-functional Material Chemistry, Division of Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
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Dalzini A, Bergamini C, Biondi B, De Zotti M, Panighel G, Fato R, Peggion C, Bortolus M, Maniero AL. The rational search for selective anticancer derivatives of the peptide Trichogin GA IV: a multi-technique biophysical approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24000. [PMID: 27039838 PMCID: PMC4819177 DOI: 10.1038/srep24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptaibols are peculiar peptides produced by fungi as weapons against other microorganisms. Previous studies showed that peptaibols are promising peptide-based drugs because they act against cell membranes rather than a specific target, thus lowering the possibility of the onset of multi-drug resistance, and they possess non-coded α-amino acid residues that confer proteolytic resistance. Trichogin GA IV (TG) is a short peptaibol displaying antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. In the present work, we studied thirteen TG analogues, adopting a multidisciplinary approach. We showed that the cytotoxicity is tuneable by single amino-acids substitutions. Many analogues maintain the same level of non-selective cytotoxicity of TG and three analogues are completely non-toxic. Two promising lead compounds, characterized by the introduction of a positively charged unnatural amino-acid in the hydrophobic face of the helix, selectively kill T67 cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. To explain the determinants of the cytotoxicity, we investigated the structural parameters of the peptides, their cell-binding properties, cell localization, and dynamics in the membrane, as well as the cell membrane composition. We show that, while cytotoxicity is governed by the fine balance between the amphipathicity and hydrophobicity, the selectivity depends also on the expression of negatively charged phospholipids on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Dalzini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Panighel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Maniero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Binnington B, Nguyen L, Kamani M, Hossain D, Marks DL, Budani M, Lingwood CA. Inhibition of Rab prenylation by statins induces cellular glycosphingolipid remodeling. Glycobiology 2016; 26:166-80. [PMID: 26405105 PMCID: PMC4691287 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, which specifically inhibit HMG Co-A reductase, the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis, are widely prescribed to reduce serum cholesterol and cardiac risk, but many other effects are seen. We now show an effect of these drugs to induce profound changes in the step-wise synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the Golgi. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) was increased several-fold in all cell lines tested, demonstrating a widespread effect. Additionally, de novo or elevated lactotriaosylceramide (Lc3Cer; GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcCer) synthesis was observed in 70%. Western blot showed that GlcCer synthase (GCS) was elevated by statins, and GCS and Lc3Cer synthase (Lc3S) activities were increased; however, transcript was elevated for Lc3S only. Supplementation with the isoprenoid precursor, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), a downstream product of HMG Co-A reductase, reversed statin-induced glycosyltransferase and GSL elevation. The Rab geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor 3-PEHPC, but not specific inhibitors of farnesyl transferase, or geranylgeranyl transferase I, was sufficient to replicate statin-induced GlcCer and Lc3Cer synthesis, supporting a Rab prenylation-dependent mechanism. While total cholesterol was unaffected, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) cholesterol pool was dissipated and medial Golgi GCS partially relocated by statins. GSL-dependent vesicular retrograde transport of Verotoxin and cholera toxin to the Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum were blocked after statin or 3-PEHPC treatment, suggesting aberrant, prenylation-dependent vesicular traffic as a basis of glycosyltransferase increase and GSL remodeling. These in vitro studies indicate a previously unreported link between Rab prenylation and regulation of GCS activity and GlcCer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Binnington
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Long Nguyen
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mustafa Kamani
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Biochemistry
| | - Delowar Hossain
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David L Marks
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Monique Budani
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Clifford A Lingwood
- Research Institute, Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Biochemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Store Operated Ca(2+) Entry (SOCE), the main Ca(2+) influx mechanism in non-excitable cells, is implicated in the immune response and has been reported to be affected in several pathologies including cancer. The basic molecular constituents of SOCE are Orai, the pore forming unit, and STIM, a multidomain protein with at least two principal functions: one is to sense the Ca(2+) content inside the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and the second is to activate Orai channels upon depletion of the ER. The link between Ca(2+) depletion inside the ER and Ca(2+) influx from extracellular media is through a direct association of STIM and Orai, but for this to occur, both molecules have to interact and form clusters where ER and plasma membrane (PM) are intimately apposed. In recent years a great number of components have been identified as participants in SOCE regulation, including regions of plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, the so called lipid rafts, which recruit a complex platform of specialized microdomains, which cells use to regulate spatiotemporal Ca(2+) signals.
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29
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Steil D, Schepers CL, Pohlentz G, Legros N, Runde J, Humpf HU, Karch H, Müthing J. Shiga toxin glycosphingolipid receptors of Vero-B4 kidney epithelial cells and their membrane microdomain lipid environment. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2322-36. [PMID: 26464281 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs) are produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), which cause human infections with an often fatal outcome. Vero cell lines, derived from African green monkey kidney, represent the gold standard for determining the cytotoxic effects of Stxs. Despite their global use, knowledge about the exact structures of the Stx receptor glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and their assembly in lipid rafts is poor. Here we present a comprehensive structural analysis of Stx receptor GSLs and their distribution to detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), which were prepared from Vero-B4 cells and used as lipid raft equivalents. We identified globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) as the GSL receptors for Stx1a, Stx2a, and Stx2e subtypes using TLC overlay detection combined with MS. The uncommon Stx receptor, globopentaosylceramide (Gb5Cer, Galβ3GalNAcβ3Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1Cer), which was specifically recognized (in addition to Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer) by Stx2e, was fully structurally characterized. Lipoforms of Stx receptor GSLs were found to mainly harbor ceramide moieties composed of sphingosine (d18:1) and C24:0/C24:1 or C16:0 fatty acid. Moreover, co-occurrence with lipid raft markers, SM and cholesterol, in DRMs suggested GSL association with membrane microdomains. This study provides the basis for further exploring the functional impact of lipid raft-associated Stx receptors for toxin-mediated injury of Vero-B4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Steil
- Institutes for Hygiene University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Nadine Legros
- Institutes for Hygiene University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Runde
- Food Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Helge Karch
- Institutes for Hygiene University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institutes for Hygiene University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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30
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Size fractionation and size characterization of nanoemulsions of lipid droplets and large unilamellar lipid vesicles by asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation/multi-angle light scattering and dynamic light scattering. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:185-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Marquês JT, Cordeiro AM, Viana AS, Herrmann A, Marinho HS, de Almeida RFM. Formation and Properties of Membrane-Ordered Domains by Phytoceramide: Role of Sphingoid Base Hydroxylation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9410-9421. [PMID: 26262576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoceramide is the backbone of major sphingolipids in fungi and plants and is essential in several tissues of animal organisms, such as human skin. Its sphingoid base, phytosphingosine, differs from that usually found in mammals by the addition of a hydroxyl group to the 4-ene, which may be a crucial factor for the different properties of membrane microdomains among those organisms and tissues. Recently, sphingolipid hydroxylation in animal cells emerged as a key feature in several physiopathological processes. Hence, the study of the biophysical properties of phytosphingolipids is also relevant in that context since it helps us to understand the effects of sphingolipid hydroxylation. In this work, binary mixtures of N-stearoyl-phytoceramide (PhyCer) with palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) were studied. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence of membrane probes, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and confocal microscopy were employed. As for other saturated ceramides, highly rigid gel domains start to form with just ∼5 mol % PhyCer at 24 °C. However, PhyCer gel-enriched domains in coexistence with POPC-enriched fluid present additional complexity since their properties (maximal order, shape, and thickness) change at specific POPC/PhyCer molar ratios, suggesting the formation of highly stable stoichiometric complexes with their own properties, distinct from both POPC and PhyCer. A POPC/PhyCer binary phase diagram, supported by the different experimental approaches employed, is proposed with complexes of 3:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries which are stable at least from ∼15 to ∼55 °C. Thus, it provides mechanisms for the in vivo formation of sphingolipid-enriched gel domains that may account for stable membrane compartments and diffusion barriers in eukaryotic cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim T Marquês
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André M Cordeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Viana
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University , Berlin, Germany
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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32
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Perspectives on the membrane fatty acid unsaturation/pacemaker hypotheses of metabolism and aging. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 191:48-60. [PMID: 26291495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The membrane pacemaker hypotheses of metabolism and aging are distinct, but interrelated hypotheses positing that increases in unsaturation of lipids within membranes are correlated with increasing basal metabolic rate and decreasing longevity, respectively. The two hypotheses each have evidence that either supports or contradicts them, but consensus has failed to emerge. In this review, we identify sources of weakness of previous studies supporting and contradicting these hypotheses and suggest different methods and lines of inquiry. The link between fatty acyl composition of membranes and membrane-bound protein activity is a central tenet of the membrane pacemaker hypothesis of metabolism, but the mechanism by which unsaturation would change protein activity is not well defined and, whereas fatty acid desaturases have been put forward by some as the mechanism behind evolutionary differences in fatty acyl composition of phospholipids among organisms, there have been no studies to differentiate whether desaturases have been more affected by natural selection on aging and metabolic rate than have elongases or acyltransferases. Past analyses have been hampered by potentially incorrect estimates of the peroxidizability of lipids and longevity of study animals, and by the confounding effect of phylogeny. According to some authors, body mass may also be a confounding effect that should be taken into account, though this is not universally accepted. Further research on this subject should focus more on mechanisms and take weaknesses of past studies into account.
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33
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Casadei BR, De Oliveira Carvalho P, Riske KA, Barbosa RDM, De Paula E, Domingues CC. Brij detergents reveal new aspects of membrane microdomain in erythrocytes. Mol Membr Biol 2015; 31:195-205. [PMID: 25222860 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2014.949319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids (rafts), and specific proteins are involved in important physiological functions. However their structure, size and stability are still controversial. Given that detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) are in the liquid-ordered state and are rich in raft-like components, they might correspond to rafts at least to some extent. Here we monitor the lateral order of biological membranes by characterizing DRMs from erythrocytes obtained with Brij-98, Brij-58, and TX-100 at 4 °C and 37 °C. All DRMs were enriched in cholesterol and contained the raft markers flotillin-2 and stomatin. However, sphingomyelin (SM) was only found to be enriched in TX-100-DRMs - a detergent that preferentially solubilizes the membrane inner leaflet - while Band 3 was present solely in Brij-DRMs. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that the acyl chain packing of Brij-DRMs was lower than TX-100-DRMs, providing evidence of their diverse lipid composition. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the SM fraction of the DRMs was enriched in lignoceric acid, which should specifically contribute to the resistance of SM to detergents. These results indicate that lipids from the outer leaflet, particularly SM, are essential for the formation of the liquid-ordered phase of DRMs. At last, the differential solubilization process induced by Brij-98 and TX-100 was monitored using giant unilamellar vesicles. This study suggests that Brij and TX-100-DRMs reflect different degrees of lateral order of the membrane microdomains. Additionally, Brij DRMs are composed by both inner and outer leaflet components, making them more physiologically relevant than TX-100-DRMs to the studies of membrane rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Renata Casadei
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas , Brazil
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Maté S, Busto JV, García-Arribas AB, Sot J, Vazquez R, Herlax V, Wolf C, Bakás L, Goñi FM. N-nervonoylsphingomyelin (C24:1) prevents lateral heterogeneity in cholesterol-containing membranes. Biophys J 2015; 106:2606-16. [PMID: 24940778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore how the nature of the acyl chains of sphingomyelin (SM) influence its lateral distribution in the ternary lipid mixture SM/cholesterol/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), focusing on the importance of the hydrophobic part of the SM molecule for domain formation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements showed that the presence of a double bond in the 24:1 SM molecule in mixtures with cholesterol (CHO) or in pure bilayers led to a decrease in the molecular packing. Confocal microscopy and AFM showed, at the meso- and nanoscales respectively, that unlike 16:0 and 24:0 SM, 24:1 SM does not induce phase segregation in ternary lipid mixtures with DOPC and CHO. This ternary lipid mixture had a nanomechanical stability intermediate between those displayed by liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases, as reported by AFM force spectroscopy measurements, demonstrating that 24:1 SM is able to accommodate both DOPC and CHO, forming a single phase. Confocal experiments on giant unilamellar vesicles made of human, sheep, and rabbit erythrocyte ghosts rich in 24:1 SM and CHO, showed no lateral domain segregation. This study provides insights into how the specific molecular structure of SM affects the lateral behavior and the physical properties of both model and natural membranes. Specifically, the data suggest that unsaturated SM may help to keep membrane lipids in a homogeneous mixture rather than in separate domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Maté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Jon V Busto
- Unidad de Biofísica-Centro Mixto, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aritz B García-Arribas
- Unidad de Biofísica-Centro Mixto, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Unidad de Biofísica-Centro Mixto, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Romina Vazquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Herlax
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claude Wolf
- Groupe de spectrométrie de masse-APLIPID, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Faculté de Médicine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laura Bakás
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Unidad de Biofísica-Centro Mixto, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain
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Aureli M, Grassi S, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid membrane domains in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1006-16. [PMID: 25677824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain is characterized by the presence of cell types with very different functional specialization, but with the common trait of a very high complexity of structures originated by their plasma membranes. Brain cells bear evident membrane polarization with the creation of different morphological and functional subcompartments, whose formation, stabilization and function require a very high level of lateral order within the membrane. In other words, the membrane specialization of brain cells implies the presence of distinct membrane domains. The brain is the organ with the highest enrichment in lipids like cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and the most recently discovered brain membrane lipid, phosphatidylglucoside, whose collective behavior strongly favors segregation within the membrane leading to the formation of lipid-driven membrane domains. Lipid-driven membrane domains function as dynamic platforms for signal transduction, protein processing, and membrane turnover. Essential events involved in the development and in the maintenance of the functional integrity of the brain depend on the organization of lipid-driven membrane domains, and alterations in lipid homeostasis, leading to deranged lipid-driven membrane organization, are common in several major brain diseases. In this review, we summarize the forces behind the formation of lipid membrane domains and their biological roles in different brain cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
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36
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Bechara C, Pallerla M, Burlina F, Illien F, Cribier S, Sagan S. Massive glycosaminoglycan-dependent entry of Trp-containing cell-penetrating peptides induced by exogenous sphingomyelinase or cholesterol depletion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:809-20. [PMID: 25112713 PMCID: PMC11114043 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among non-invasive cell delivery strategies, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) vectors represent interesting new tools. To get fundamental knowledge about the still debated internalisation mechanisms of these peptides, we modified the membrane content of cells, typically by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin or depletion of cholesterol from the membrane outer leaflet. We quantified and visualised the effect of these viable cell surface treatments on the internalisation efficiency of different CPPs, among which the most studied Tat, R9, penetratin and analogues, that all carry the N-terminal biotin-Gly4 tag cargo. Under these cell membrane treatments, only penetratin and R6W3 underwent a massive glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-dependent entry in cells. Internalisation of the other peptides was only slightly increased, similarly in the absence or the presence of GAGs for R9, and only in the presence of GAGs for Tat and R6L3. Ceramide formation (or cholesterol depletion) is known to lead to the reorganisation of membrane lipid domains into larger platforms, which can serve as a trap and cluster receptors. These results show that GAG clustering, enhanced by formation of ceramide, is efficiently exploited by penetratin and R6W3, which contains Trp residues in their sequence but not Tat, R9 and R6L3. Hence, these data shed new lights on the differences in the internalisation mechanism and pathway of these peptides that are widely used in delivery of cargo molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chérine Bechara
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France,
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37
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Grosjean K, Mongrand S, Beney L, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Differential effect of plant lipids on membrane organization: specificities of phytosphingolipids and phytosterols. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5810-25. [PMID: 25575593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.598805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high diversity of the plant lipid mixture raises the question of their respective involvement in the definition of membrane organization. This is particularly the case for plant plasma membrane, which is enriched in specific lipids, such as free and conjugated forms of phytosterols and typical phytosphingolipids, such as glycosylinositolphosphoceramides. This question was here addressed extensively by characterizing the order level of membrane from vesicles prepared using various plant lipid mixtures and labeled with an environment-sensitive probe. Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed that among major phytosterols, campesterol exhibits a stronger ability than β-sitosterol and stigmasterol to order model membranes. Multispectral confocal microscopy, allowing spatial analysis of membrane organization, demonstrated accordingly the strong ability of campesterol to promote ordered domain formation and to organize their spatial distribution at the membrane surface. Conjugated sterol forms, alone and in synergy with free sterols, exhibit a striking ability to order membrane. Plant sphingolipids, particularly glycosylinositolphosphoceramides, enhanced the sterol-induced ordering effect, emphasizing the formation and increasing the size of sterol-dependent ordered domains. Altogether, our results support a differential involvement of free and conjugated phytosterols in the formation of ordered domains and suggest that the diversity of plant lipids, allowing various local combinations of lipid species, could be a major contributor to membrane organization in particular through the formation of sphingolipid-sterol interacting domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Grosjean
- From UMR1347 Agroécologie, ERL 6300 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- the Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, UMR 5200, F-33000 Villenave d'Ornon, France, the Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33000 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- the Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, AgroSup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France, and
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- ERL 6300 CNRS, INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- From UMR1347 Agroécologie, ERL 6300 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France,
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Marquês JT, Antunes CA, Santos FC, de Almeida RF. Biomembrane Organization and Function. ADVANCES IN PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS AND LIPOSOMES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adplan.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Morita SY, Terada T. Molecular mechanisms for biliary phospholipid and drug efflux mediated by ABCB4 and bile salts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:954781. [PMID: 25133187 PMCID: PMC4123595 DOI: 10.1155/2014/954781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
On the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes, several ABC transporters are responsible for the secretion of bile lipids. Among them, ABCB4, also called MDR3, is essential for the secretion of phospholipids from hepatocytes into bile. The biliary phospholipids are associated with bile salts and cholesterol in mixed micelles, thereby reducing the detergent activity and cytotoxicity of bile salts and preventing cholesterol crystallization. Mutations in the ABCB4 gene result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma. In vivo and cell culture studies have demonstrated that the secretion of biliary phospholipids depends on both ABCB4 expression and bile salts. In the presence of bile salts, ABCB4 located in nonraft membranes mediates the efflux of phospholipids, preferentially phosphatidylcholine. Despite high homology with ABCB1, ABCB4 expression cannot confer multidrug resistance. This review summarizes our current understanding of ABCB4 functions and physiological relevance, and discusses the molecular mechanism for the ABCB4-mediated efflux of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Morita
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Terada
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Quinn PJ. Sphingolipid symmetry governs membrane lipid raft structure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1922-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Migas UM, Abbey L, Velasco-Torrijos T, McManus JJ. Adding glycolipid functionality to model membranes--phase behaviour of a synthetic glycolipid in a phospholipid membrane. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3978-3983. [PMID: 24733306 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipid phase behaviour is less well understood than for many phospholipids, but due to their structural and functional diversity, glycolipids represent an important group of amphiphiles from which biological function is derived. Here we have incorporated a synthetic glycolipid in binary mixtures with DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) at biologically relevant concentrations and observed the phase behaviour of the lipid mixtures for a range of glycolipid concentrations. At low concentrations, the glycolipid is fully dispersed in the GUV membrane. At glycolipid molar concentrations above 10%, the formation of lipid tubules is observed, and is consistent with the formation of a columnar lipid phase. Lipid tubules are observed in aqueous and oil solvents, suggesting that both hexagonal and inverted hexagonal lipid arrangements can be formed. This work may offer insights into the biological function of glycolipids and the challenges in formulating them for use in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula M Migas
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Nicolson GL. The Fluid—Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure: Still relevant to understanding the structure, function and dynamics of biological membranes after more than 40years. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1451-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Key T, Duncan R. A compact, multifunctional fusion module directs cholesterol-dependent homomultimerization and syncytiogenic efficiency of reovirus p10 FAST proteins. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004023. [PMID: 24651689 PMCID: PMC3961370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The homologous p10 fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins of the avian (ARV) and Nelson Bay (NBV) reoviruses are the smallest known viral membrane fusion proteins, and are virulence determinants of the fusogenic reoviruses. The small size of FAST proteins is incompatible with the paradigmatic membrane fusion pathway proposed for enveloped viral fusion proteins. Understanding how these diminutive viral fusogens mediate the complex process of membrane fusion is therefore of considerable interest, from both the pathogenesis and mechanism-of-action perspectives. Using chimeric ARV/NBV p10 constructs, the 36–40-residue ectodomain was identified as the major determinant of the differing fusion efficiencies of these homologous p10 proteins. Extensive mutagenic analysis determined the ectodomain comprises two distinct, essential functional motifs. Syncytiogenesis assays, thiol-specific surface biotinylation, and liposome lipid mixing assays identified an ∼25-residue, N-terminal motif that dictates formation of a cystine loop fusion peptide in both ARV and NBV p10. Surface immunofluorescence staining, FRET analysis and cholesterol depletion/repletion studies determined the cystine loop motif is connected through a two-residue linker to a 13-residue membrane-proximal ectodomain region (MPER). The MPER constitutes a second, independent motif governing reversible, cholesterol-dependent assembly of p10 multimers in the plasma membrane. Results further indicate that: (1) ARV and NBV homomultimers segregate to distinct, cholesterol-dependent microdomains in the plasma membrane; (2) p10 homomultimerization and cholesterol-dependent microdomain localization are co-dependent; and (3) the four juxtamembrane MPER residues present in the multimerization motif dictate species-specific microdomain association and homomultimerization. The p10 ectodomain therefore constitutes a remarkably compact, multifunctional fusion module that directs syncytiogenic efficiency and species-specific assembly of p10 homomultimers into cholesterol-dependent fusion platforms in the plasma membrane. Natural infections by fusogenic orthoreoviruses can result in severe afflictions ranging from neuropathogenicity to pneumonia and death. The fusogenic capacity of these viruses, attributable to a unique family of fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins, is a correlate of virulence. The FAST proteins are the only known examples of nonenveloped virus membrane fusion proteins, and they are the smallest known viral fusogens whose structural and functional attributes are incompatible with current models of protein-mediated membrane fusion. Exploiting the sequence divergence and distinct syncytiogenic rates of representative p10 FAST proteins from avian and bat reovirus isolates, we determined the p10 ectodomain is a compact, complex fusion module comprising two independent functional motifs. One motif determines species-specific p10 fusion efficiency by governing formation of a cystine loop fusion peptide, while the other directs reversible clustering and multimerization of p10 in cholesterol-dependent membrane microdomains. Remarkably, a juxtamembrane tetra-peptide is solely responsible for co-dependent clustering and multimerization of p10 in distinct, species-specific fusion platforms. This is the first example of a viral fusogen utilizing a membrane-proximal ectodomain region (MPER) to direct cholesterol-dependent multimerization and assembly into fusion platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Key
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Roy Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Suárez-Germà C, Domènech Ò, Montero MT, Hernández-Borrell J. Effect of lactose permease presence on the structure and nanomechanics of two-component supported lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:842-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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de Almeida RFM, Joly E. Crystallization around solid-like nanosized docks can explain the specificity, diversity, and stability of membrane microdomains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:72. [PMID: 24634670 PMCID: PMC3943355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, it is widely accepted that microdomains do form in the biological membranes of all eukaryotic cells, and quite possibly also in prokaryotes. Those sub-micrometric domains play crucial roles in signaling, in intracellular transport, and even in inter-cellular communications. Despite their ubiquitous distribution, and the broad and lasting interest invested in those microdomains, their actual nature and composition, and even the physical rules that regiment their assembly still remain elusive and hotly debated. One of the most often considered models is the raft hypothesis, i.e., the partition of lipids between liquid disordered and ordered phases (Ld and Lo, respectively), the latter being enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. Although it is experimentally possible to obtain the formation of microdomains in synthetic membranes through Ld/Lo phase separation, there is an ever increasing amount of evidence, obtained with a wide array of experimental approaches, that a partition between domains in Ld and Lo phases cannot account for many of the observations collected in real cells. In particular, it is now commonly perceived that the plasma membrane of cells is mostly in Lo phase and recent data support the existence of gel or solid ordered domains in a whole variety of live cells under physiological conditions. Here, we present a model whereby seeds comprised of oligomerised proteins and/or lipids would serve as crystal nucleation centers for the formation of diverse gel/crystalline nanodomains. This could confer the selectivity necessary for the formation of multiple types of membrane domains, as well as the stability required to match the time frames of cellular events, such as intra- or inter-cellular transport or assembly of signaling platforms. Testing of this model will, however, require the development of new methods allowing the clear-cut discrimination between Lo and solid nanoscopic phases in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: ; Etienne Joly, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France e-mail:
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueToulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier)Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: ; Etienne Joly, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France e-mail:
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Abstract
The Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model of cell membrane structure was based on thermodynamic principals and the available data on component lateral mobility within the membrane plane [Singer SJ, Nicolson GL. The Fluid Mosaic Model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 1972; 175: 720-731]. After more than forty years the model remains relevant for describing the basic nano-scale structures of a variety of biological membranes. More recent information, however, has shown the importance of specialized membrane domains, such as lipid rafts and protein complexes, in describing the macrostructure and dynamics of biological membranes. In addition, membrane-associated cytoskeletal structures and extracellular matrix also play roles in limiting the mobility and range of motion of membrane components and add new layers of complexity and hierarchy to the original model. An updated Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model is described, where more emphasis has been placed on the mosaic nature of cellular membranes where protein and lipid components are more crowded and limited in their movements in the membrane plane by lipid-lipid, protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions as well as cell-matrix, cell-cell and cytoskeletal interactions. These interactions are important in restraining membrane components and maintaining the unique mosaic organization of cell membranes into functional, dynamic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Pathology, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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47
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Beutel O, Nikolaus J, Birkholz O, You C, Schmidt T, Herrmann A, Piehler J. High-Fidelity Protein Targeting into Membrane Lipid Microdomains in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Beutel O, Nikolaus J, Birkholz O, You C, Schmidt T, Herrmann A, Piehler J. High-Fidelity Protein Targeting into Membrane Lipid Microdomains in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1311-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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Xia Y, Peng L. Photoactivatable Lipid Probes for Studying Biomembranes by Photoaffinity Labeling. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7880-929. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300419p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
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