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Sagun E, Akyol A, Kaymak C. Chrononutrition in Critical Illness. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae078. [PMID: 38904422 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in humans are biological rhythms that regulate various physiological processes within a 24-hour time frame. Critical illness can disrupt the circadian rhythm, as can environmental and clinical factors, including altered light exposure, organ replacement therapies, disrupted sleep-wake cycles, noise, continuous enteral feeding, immobility, and therapeutic interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions, controlling the ICU environment, and pharmacological treatments are among the treatment strategies for circadian disruption. Nutrition establishes biological rhythms in metabolically active peripheral tissues and organs through appropriate synchronization with endocrine signals. Therefore, adhering to a feeding schedule based on the biological clock, a concept known as "chrononutrition," appears to be vitally important for regulating peripheral clocks. Chrononutritional approaches, such as intermittent enteral feeding that includes overnight fasting and consideration of macronutrient composition in enteral solutions, could potentially restore circadian health by resetting peripheral clocks. However, due to the lack of evidence, further studies on the effect of chrononutrition on clinical outcomes in critical illness are needed. The purpose of this review was to discuss the role of chrononutrition in regulating biological rhythms in critical illness, and its impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Sagun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Cetin Kaymak
- Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
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2
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Dai HR, Guo HL, Hu YH, Xu J, Ding XS, Cheng R, Chen F. Precision caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity and circadian rhythms: New possibilities open up. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053210. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the globally consumed psychoactive substance and the drug of choice for the treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP), but its therapeutic effects are highly variable among preterm infants. Many of the molecular underpinnings of the marked individual response have remained elusive yet. Interestingly, the significant association between Clock gene polymorphisms and the response to caffeine therapy offers an opportunity to advance our understanding of potential mechanistic pathways. In this review, we delineate the functions and mechanisms of human circadian rhythms. An up-to-date advance of the formation and ontogeny of human circadian rhythms during the perinatal period are concisely discussed. Specially, we summarize and discuss the characteristics of circadian rhythms in preterm infants. Second, we discuss the role of caffeine consumption on the circadian rhythms in animal models and human, especially in neonates and preterm infants. Finally, we postulate how circadian-based therapeutic initiatives could open new possibilities to promote precision caffeine therapy for the AOP management in preterm infants.
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA
| | - Cristal M Hill
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA
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4
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Aubourg T, Demongeot J, Vuillerme N. Gaining Insights Into the Estimation of the Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity in Older Adults From Their Telephone Call Activity With Statistical Learning: Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e22339. [PMID: 33416502 PMCID: PMC7822721 DOI: 10.2196/22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the social mechanisms of the circadian rhythms of activity represents a major issue in better managing the mechanisms of age-related diseases occurring over time in the elderly population. The automated analysis of call detail records (CDRs) provided by modern phone technologies can help meet such an objective. At this stage, however, whether and how the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity can be automatically and properly modeled in the elderly population remains to be established. Objective Our goal for this study is to address whether and how the circadian rhythms of social activity observed through telephone calls could be automatically modeled in older adults. Methods We analyzed a 12-month data set of outgoing telephone CDRs of 26 adults older than 65 years of age. We designed a statistical learning modeling approach adapted for exploratory analysis. First, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) were calculated to automatically model each participant’s circadian rhythm of telephone call activity. Second, k-means clustering was used for grouping participants into distinct groups depending on the characteristics of their personal GMMs. Results The results showed the existence of specific structures of telephone call activity in the daily social activity of older adults. At the individual level, GMMs allowed the identification of personal habits, such as morningness-eveningness for making calls. At the population level, k-means clustering allowed the structuring of these individual habits into specific morningness or eveningness clusters. Conclusions These findings support the potential of phone technologies and statistical learning approaches to automatically provide personalized and precise information on the social rhythms of telephone call activity of older individuals. Futures studies could integrate such digital insights with other sources of data to complete assessments of the circadian rhythms of activity in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Aubourg
- Orange Labs, Meylan, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.,LabCom Telecom4Health, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & Orange Labs, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Demongeot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.,LabCom Telecom4Health, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & Orange Labs, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.,LabCom Telecom4Health, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & Orange Labs, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Whitfield SJ, Padgen DB, Knight S, Gwyther RJ, Holley JL, Clark GC, Green AC. Establishment of a Novel Oral Murine Model of Ricin Intoxication and Efficacy Assessment of Ovine Ricin Antitoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E784. [PMID: 33302573 PMCID: PMC7764460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin, produced from the castor beans of Ricinus communis, is a cytotoxin that exerts its action by inactivating ribosomes and causing cell death. Accidental (e.g., ingestion of castor beans) and/or intentional (e.g., suicide) exposure to ricin through the oral route is an area of concern from a public health perspective and no current licensed medical interventions exist to protect from the action of the toxin. Therefore, we examined the oral toxicity of ricin in Balb/C mice and developed a robust food deprivation model of ricin oral intoxication that has enabled the assessment of potential antitoxin treatments. A lethal oral dose was identified and mice were found to succumb to the toxin within 48 h of exposure. We then examined whether a despeciated ovine F(ab')2 antibody fragment, that had previously been demonstrated to protect mice from exposure to aerosolised ricin, could also protect against oral intoxication. Mice were challenged orally with an LD99 of ricin, and 89 and 44% of mice exposed to this otherwise lethal exposure survived after receiving either the parent anti-ricin IgG or F(ab')2, respectively. Combined with our previous work, these results further highlight the benefit of ovine-derived polyclonal antibody antitoxin in providing post-exposure protection against ricin intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Whitfield
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Debbie B. Padgen
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Simon Knight
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Robert J. Gwyther
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Jane L. Holley
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
| | - Graeme C. Clark
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, IC2 Building, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - A. Christopher Green
- CBR Division, Dstl-Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (D.B.P.); (S.K.); (R.J.G.); (J.L.H.); (G.C.C.); (A.C.G.)
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Huang S, Jiao X, Lu D, Pei X, Qi D, Li Z. Recent advances in modulators of circadian rhythms: an update and perspective. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1267-1286. [PMID: 32506972 PMCID: PMC7717701 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1772249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a universal life phenomenon that plays an important role in maintaining the multiple physiological functions and regulating the adaptability to internal and external environments of flora and fauna. Circadian alignment in humans has the greatest effect on human health, and circadian misalignment is closely associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, immune diseases, cancer, sleep disorders, and ophthalmic diseases. The recent description of clock proteins and related post-modification targets was involved in several diseases, and numerous lines of evidence are emerging that small molecule modulators of circadian rhythms can be used to rectify circadian disorder. Herein, we attempt to update the disclosures about the modulators targeting core clock proteins and related post-modification targets, as well as the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders and human health as well as the therapeutic role and prospect of these small molecule modulators in circadian rhythm related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Zheng D, Ratiner K, Elinav E. Circadian Influences of Diet on the Microbiome and Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:512-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons LC. Resetting the Aging Clock: Implications for Managing Age-Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:193-265. [PMID: 32304036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, individuals are living longer due to medical and scientific advances, increased availability of medical care and changes in public health policies. Consequently, increasing attention has been focused on managing chronic conditions and age-related diseases to ensure healthy aging. The endogenous circadian system regulates molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms orchestrating functional coordination and processes across tissues and organs. Circadian disruption or desynchronization of circadian oscillators increases disease risk and appears to accelerate aging. Reciprocally, aging weakens circadian function aggravating age-related diseases and pathologies. In this review, we summarize the molecular composition and structural organization of the circadian system in mammals and humans, and evaluate the technological and societal factors contributing to the increasing incidence of circadian disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the adverse effects of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the bidirectional interactions through which aging affects circadian function using examples from mammalian research models and humans. Additionally, we review promising methods for managing healthy aging through behavioral and pharmacological reinforcement of the circadian system. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian clock and minimizing circadian dysfunction may be crucial components to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Aging and the clock: Perspective from flies to humans. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:454-481. [PMID: 30269400 PMCID: PMC6441388 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators regulate molecular, cellular and physiological rhythms, synchronizing tissues and organ function to coordinate activity and metabolism with environmental cycles. The technological nature of modern society with round-the-clock work schedules and heavy reliance on personal electronics has precipitated a striking increase in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders. Circadian dysfunction contributes to an increased risk for many diseases and appears to have adverse effects on aging and longevity in animal models. From invertebrate organisms to humans, the function and synchronization of the circadian system weakens with age aggravating the age-related disorders and pathologies. In this review, we highlight the impacts of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the reciprocal effects of aging on circadian function with examples from Drosophila to humans underscoring the highly conserved nature of these interactions. Additionally, we review the potential for using reinforcement of the circadian system to promote healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Advancements in medicine and public health have significantly increased human life span in the past century. With the demographics of countries worldwide shifting to an older population, there is a critical need to understand the factors that shape healthy aging. Drosophila melanogaster, as a model for aging and circadian interactions, has the capacity to facilitate the rapid advancement of research in this area and provide mechanistic insights for targeted investigations in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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10
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Rao RV. Ayurveda and the science of aging. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:225-232. [PMID: 29276113 PMCID: PMC6148064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since time immemorial, humanity has been concerned with developing and preserving youthful vigor, and extending longevity by stopping or delaying the aging process. By 2030, one in five of the world population will be over 65 years old. Longevity and old age are accompanied with a variety of health challenges and population studies indicate that the elderly will use between three to five times more healthcare services compared to the younger population. Modern medicine has made a great deal of progress in understanding the aging process and in controlling age-associated health issues including heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, cancer, senility, and arthritis. Thus, every individual is now looking forward to a youthful, productive lifespan of 100 or more years filled with unlimited health and opportunity. Research by aging experts is focused on ways to go against the natural order of the aging process in order to delay it. Interventions include among other things anti-aging pills, restricted food consumption and cloning body parts to stay young and delay biological aging. Ayurveda, one of the world's most authoritative mind-body-spirit medicinal systems, offers various concepts of the aging process. This system of medicine includes therapies for healthy aging so as to create an optimal health and lengthen an individual's healthspan by living in harmony with nature. This review will explore various aspects of aging and longevity by comparing the science of aging as defined by modern medicine with the Ayurvedic treatise of Jara and Vriddhavastha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan V Rao
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Faculty, California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA.
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Satılmış B, Kayhan B, Güldür T. Effects of reciprocal interactions between various dietary fats and circadian phases on postprandial hyperlipidemia in rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1333199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basri Satılmış
- Hepatology Research Laboratory, Liver Transplantation Institute, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Başak Kayhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Güldür
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Abstract
Presently, about 12% of the population is 65 years or older and by the year 2030 that figure is expected to reach 21%. In order to promote the well-being of the elderly and to reduce the costs associated with health care demands, increased longevity should be accompanied by ageing attenuation. Energy restriction, which limits the amount of energy consumed to 60–70% of the daily intake, and intermittent fasting, which allows the food to be available ad libitum every other day, extend the life span of mammals and prevent or delay the onset of major age-related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cataracts. Recently, we have shown that well-being can be achieved by resetting of the circadian clock and induction of robust catabolic circadian rhythms via timed feeding. In addition, the clock mechanism regulates metabolism and major metabolic proteins are key factors in the core clock mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of circadian regulation over metabolism and longevity and to design new therapies based on this regulation. This review will explore the present data in the field of circadian rhythms, ageing and metabolism.
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Mice under Caloric Restriction Self-Impose a Temporal Restriction of Food Intake as Revealed by an Automated Feeder System. Cell Metab 2017; 26:267-277.e2. [PMID: 28683292 PMCID: PMC5576447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan in mammals, yet the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain unknown. The manner in which CR has been implemented in longevity experiments is variable, with both timing and frequency of meals constrained by work schedules. It is commonplace to find that nocturnal rodents are fed during the daytime and meals are spaced out, introducing prolonged fasting intervals. Since implementation of feeding paradigms over the lifetime is logistically difficult, automation is critical, but existing systems are expensive and not amenable to scale. We have developed a system that controls duration, amount, and timing of food availability and records feeding and voluntary wheel-running activity in mice. Using this system, mice were exposed to temporal or caloric restriction protocols. Mice under CR self-imposed a temporal component by consolidating food intake and unexpectedly increasing wheel-running activity during the rest phase, revealing previously unrecognized relationships among feeding, metabolism, and behavior.
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Damiani AP, Garcez ML, Letieli de Abreu L, Tavares TH, Rodrigues Boeck C, Moraes de Andrade V. A reduction in DNA damage in neural tissue and peripheral blood of old mice treated with caffeine. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:621-629. [PMID: 28524728 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1286901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on caffeine consumption have shown a negative correlation with development of some diseases with subsequent beneficial manifestations. Our aim was to assess the effects of caffeine on peripheral blood and neural tissue DNA in young adult and aged mice. Male Swiss mice (age 2-3 or 16-18 months, respectively) were treated with a caffeine solution (0.3 g/l) for 4 weeks, while controls received water. After the treatments, blood and hippocampal cells (for a comet assay) and femurs (for a micronucleus [MN] test) were collected. The comet assay of peripheral blood and hippocampal cells demonstrated no significant differences between caffeine-treated and control young adult mice in terms of DNA damage index (DI) and frequency. In contrast, when comparing young adult with aged animals, significant differences were observed in DNA damage in blood and hippocampal cells. The differences between aged animals (with or without caffeine) consisted of a significant decrease in DNA DI in the group that received caffeine. In the MN test, an increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic (PCE) erythrocytes was noted in aged animals that received water compared to young adult mice. In addition, comparing treated with control aged murine groups, a decrease in frequency of MN was found in PCE erythrocytes of caffeine-treated mice. Chronic caffeine consumption was neither genotoxic nor mutagenic at the dose tested; however, it appears that caffeine actually protected mice from genotoxicity and mutagenicity, consequences attributed to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriani Paganini Damiani
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Larissa Letieli de Abreu
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Taís Helena Tavares
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Boeck
- b Programa de Pós-graduação em Nanociências , Centro Universitário Franciscano - UNIFRA , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
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Deibel SH, Zelinski EL, Keeley RJ, Kovalchuk O, McDonald RJ. Epigenetic alterations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23181-203. [PMID: 26252151 PMCID: PMC4695111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/1969] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm dysfunction and cognitive decline, specifically memory loss, frequently accompany natural aging. Circadian rhythms and memory are intertwined, as circadian rhythms influence memory formation and recall in young and old rodents. Although, the precise relationship between circadian rhythms and memory is still largely unknown, it is hypothesized that circadian rhythm disruption, which occurs during aging, contributes to age-associated cognitive decline, specifically memory loss. While there are a variety of mechanisms that could mediate this effect, changes in the epigenome that occur during aging has been proposed as a potential candidate. Interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) are necessary for both circadian rhythms and memory. During aging, similar alterations of epigenetic mechanisms occur in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and hippocampus, which are necessary for circadian rhythm generation and memory, respectively. Recently, circadian rhythms have been linked to epigenetic function in the hippocampus, as some of these epigenetic mechanisms oscillate in the hippocampus and are disrupted by clock gene deletion. The current paper will review how circadian rhythms and memory change with age, and will suggest how epigenetic changes in these processes might contribute to age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Erin L Zelinski
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robin J Keeley
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Levy E, Kornowski R, Gavrieli R, Fratty I, Greenberg G, Waldman M, Birk E, Shainberg A, Akirov A, Miskin R, Hochhauser E. Long-Lived αMUPA Mice Show Attenuation of Cardiac Aging and Leptin-Dependent Cardioprotection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144593. [PMID: 26673217 PMCID: PMC4681471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
αMUPA transgenic mice spontaneously consume less food compared with their wild type (WT) ancestors due to endogenously increased levels of the satiety hormone leptin. αMUPA mice share many benefits with mice under caloric restriction (CR) including an extended life span. To understand mechanisms linked to cardiac aging, we explored the response of αMUPA hearts to ischemic conditions at the age of 6, 18, or 24 months. Mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo and to ischemia/reperfusion ex vivo. Compared to WT mice, αMUPA showed functional and histological advantages under all experimental conditions. At 24 months, none of the WT mice survived the first ischemic day while αMUPA mice demonstrated 50% survival after 7 ischemic days. Leptin, an adipokine decreasing under CR, was consistently ~60% higher in αMUPA sera at baseline. Leptin levels gradually increased in both genotypes 24h post MI but were doubled in αMUPA. Pretreatment with leptin neutralizing antibodies or with inhibitors of leptin signaling (AG-490 and Wortmannin) abrogated the αMUPA benefits. The antibodies also reduced phosphorylation of the leptin signaling components STAT3 and AKT specifically in the αMUPA myocardium. αMUPA mice did not show elevation in adiponectin, an adipokine previously implicated in CR-induced cardioprotection. WT mice treated for short-term CR exhibited cardioprotection similar to that of αMUPA, however, along with increased adiponectin at baseline. Collectively, the results demonstrate a life-long increased ischemic tolerance in αMUPA mice, indicating the attenuation of cardiac aging. αMUPA cardioprotection is mediated through endogenous leptin, suggesting a protective pathway distinct from that elicited under CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Levy
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Cardiology Dept., Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Reut Gavrieli
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Fratty
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Maayan Waldman
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Einat Birk
- Cardiology Dept. and Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amit Akirov
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ruth Miskin
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Otlu HG, Kayhan B, Güldür T. Effects of interactions between various fats and active/passive phases on postprandial inflammation in rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1088185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Steckler R, Shabtay-Yanai A, Pinsky M, Rauch M, Tamir S, Gutman R. Long-Lived αMUPA Mice Show Reduced Sexual Dimorphism in Lifespan, and in Energy and Circadian Homeostasis-Related Parameters. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:451-60. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Yu Z, Sunchu B, Fok WC, Alshaikh N, Pérez VI. Gene expression in the liver of female, but not male mice treated with rapamycin resembles changes observed under dietary restriction. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:174. [PMID: 26034704 PMCID: PMC4447730 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that in mice the extension in lifespan by rapamycin is sexually dimorphic, in that it has a larger effect in females than males. In a previous study we showed that in male C57BL6 mice, rapamycin had less profound effects in both gene expression and liver metabolites when compared to dietary restriction (DR), but no data was available in females. Because recent studies showed that rapamycin increases longevity in a dose dependent manner and at every dose tested the effect remains larger in females than in males, we hypothesized that rapamycin should have a stronger effect on gene expression in females, and this effect could be dose dependent. To test this hypothesis, we measured the changes in liver gene expression induced by rapamycin (14 ppm) with a focus on several genes involved in pathways known to play a role in aging and that are altered by DR. To investigate whether any effects are dose dependent, we also analyzed females treated with two additional doses of rapamycin (22 and 42 ppm). We observed striking differences between male and female in gene expression at 14 ppm, where females have a larger response to rapamycin than males, and the effects of rapamycin in females resemble what we observed under DR. However, these effects were generally not dose dependent. These data support the notion that female mice respond better to rapamycin, and at least with the set of genes studied here, the effect of rapamycin in females resemble the effect of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Bharath Sunchu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Wilson C Fok
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Nahla Alshaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Viviana I Pérez
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
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21
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Vargas-Martínez F, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Petersson M, Olausson HA, Jiménez-Estrada I. Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:37-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Arul D, Subramanian P. Daytime food restriction influences the circadian rhythms of circulatory hepatic marker enzymes activity in rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.884306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Resveratrol Regulates Circadian Clock Genes in Rat-1 Fibroblast Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 72:3038-40. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Fasting of mice is a common procedure performed in association with many different types of experiments mainly in order to reduce variability in investigatory parameters or to facilitate surgical procedures. However, the effects of fasting not directly related to the investigatory parameters are often ignored. The aim of this review is to present and summarize knowledge about the effects of fasting of mice to facilitate optimization of the fasting procedure for any given study and thereby maximize the scientific outcome and minimize the discomfort for the mice and hence ensure high animal welfare. The results are presented from a number of experimental studies, providing evidence for fasting-induced changes in hormone balance, body weight, metabolism, hepatic enzymes, cardiovascular parameters, body temperature and toxicological responses. A description of relevant normal behaviour and standard physiological parameters is given, concluding that mice are primarily nocturnal and consume two-thirds of their total food intake during the night. It is argued that overnight fasting of mice is not comparable with overnight fasting of humans because the mouse has a nocturnal circadian rhythm and a higher metabolic rate. It is suggested that because many physiological parameters are regulated by circadian rhythms, fasting initiated at different points in the circadian rhythm has different impacts and produces different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Jensen
- Novo Nordisk, Animal Unit, Maaloev, Denmark
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25
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Tong X, Yin L. Circadian rhythms in liver physiology and liver diseases. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:917-40. [PMID: 23720334 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, circadian rhythms function to coordinate a diverse panel of physiological processes with environmental conditions such as food and light. As the driving force for circadian rhythmicity, the molecular clock is a self-sustained transcription-translational feedback loop system consisting of transcription factors, epigenetic modulators, kinases/phosphatases, and ubiquitin E3 ligases. The molecular clock exists not only in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus but also in the peripheral tissues to regulate cellular and physiological function in a tissue-specific manner. The circadian clock system in the liver plays important roles in regulating metabolism and energy homeostasis. Clock gene mutant animals display impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and are susceptible to diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction, providing strong evidence for the connection between the circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Circadian-controlled hepatic metabolism is partially achieved by controlling the expression and/or activity of key metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and transporters. Reciprocally, intracellular metabolites modulate the molecular clock activity in response to the energy status. Although still at the early stage, circadian clock dysfunction has been implicated in common chronic liver diseases. Circadian dysregulation of lipid metabolism, detoxification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell-cycle control might contribute to the onset and progression of liver steatosis, fibrosis, and even carcinogenesis. In summary, these findings call for a comprehensive study of the function and mechanisms of hepatic circadian clock to gain better understanding of liver physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Circadian aspects of energy metabolism and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:931-40. [PMID: 24075855 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Life span extension has been a goal of research for several decades. Resetting circadian rhythms leads to well being and increased life span, while clock disruption is associated with increased morbidity accelerated aging. Increased longevity and improved health can be achieved by different feeding regimens that reset circadian rhythms and may lead to better synchrony in metabolism and physiology. This review focuses on the circadian aspects of energy metabolism and their relationship with aging in mammals.
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27
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Sutton GM, Ptitsyn AA, Floyd ZE, Yu G, Wu X, Hamel K, Shah FS, Centanni A, Eilertsen K, Kheterpal I, Newman S, Leonardi C, Freitas MA, Bunnell BA, Gimble JM. Biological aging alters circadian mechanisms in murine adipose tissue depots. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:533-47. [PMID: 22411258 PMCID: PMC3636385 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biological aging alters the metabolism and volume of adipose tissue depots. Recent evidence suggests that circadian mechanisms play a role in promoting adipogenesis, obesity, and lipodystrophy. The current study compared cohorts of younger (5-9 months) and older (24-28 months) C57BL/6 mice as a function of biological age and circadian time. Advanced age significantly reduced the weight of the brown, epididymal, inguinal, and retroperitoneal adipose depots but not total body weight. The older mice reduced their physical activity by >50% and delayed their activity initiation after light offset. The expressed transcriptome in brown and white adipose depots and liver of both cohorts displayed evidence of circadian rhythmicity; however, the oscillating mRNAs differed significantly between age groups and across tissues. The amplitude of Cry1, a component of the negative arm of the circadian apparatus, and downstream regulators such as Rev-erbα were elevated in the older relative to the younger cohorts as a function of circadian time. Overall, transcript levels differed significantly for 557 (inguinal adipose), 1,016 (liver), and 1,021 (brown adipose) expressed sequences between the cohorts as a function of age. These included transcripts encoding proteins within the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. Since the Wnt pathway regulates adipose stem cell differentiation and shares a critical enzyme, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, with the circadian mechanism, the intersection between these two fundamental regulatory mechanisms merits further investigation with respect to biological aging of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Sutton
- Protein Deficiency and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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28
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Arul D, Subramanian P. Circadian rhythms of plasma lipid and protein levels in daytime food-restricted rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.785696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Continuous enteral and parenteral feeding each reduces heart rate variability but differentially influences monocyte gene expression in humans. Shock 2012; 38:255-61. [PMID: 22777119 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31826171b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enteral (EN) or parenteral (PN) nutrition is used to support critically ill patients until oral feeding resumes. Enteral nutrition is assumed preferable to PN, but the differential influence on immune function is not well defined. Autonomic nervous activity is known to influence innate immune responses, and we hypothesized that EN and PN could influence both autonomic signaling and gene activation in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs). Ten subjects (aged 18-36 years) received continuous EN or PN for 72 h. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from whole blood before and after continuous feeding and were analyzed for gene expression using a microarray platform. Gene expression after feeding was compared from baseline and between groups. To measure autonomic outflow, subjects also underwent heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring during feeding. Time and frequency domain HRV data were compared between groups and five orally fed subjects for changes from baseline and changes over time. During continuous EN and PN, subjects exhibited declines in both time and frequency domain HRV parameters compared with baseline and with PO subjects, indicating a loss of vagal/parasympathetic tone. However, PN feeding had a much greater influence on PBM gene expression compared with baseline than EN, including genes important to innate immunity. Continuous EN and PN are both associated with decreasing vagal tone over time, yet contribute differently to PBM gene expression, in humans. These preliminary findings support assumptions that PN imposes a systemic inflammatory risk but also imply that continuous feeding, independent of route, may impart additional risk through different mechanisms.
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30
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Abstract
Sirt1, the closest mammalian homolog of the Sir2 yeast longevity protein, has been extensively investigated in the last few years as an avenue to understand the connection linking nutrients and energy metabolism with aging and related diseases. From this research effort the picture has emerged of an enzyme at the hub of a complex array of molecular interactions whereby nutrient-triggered signals are translated into several levels of adaptive cell responses, the failure of which underlies diseases as diverse as diabetes, neurodegeneration and cancer. Sirt1 thus connects moderate calorie intake to “healthspan,” and a decline of Sirt-centered protective circuits over time may explain the “catastrophic” nature of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fusco
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
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31
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Plank M, Wuttke D, van Dam S, Clarke SA, de Magalhães JP. A meta-analysis of caloric restriction gene expression profiles to infer common signatures and regulatory mechanisms. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1339-49. [PMID: 22327899 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction, a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, retards age-related degeneration and extends lifespan in several organisms. CR induces multiple changes, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we first performed a meta-analysis of microarray CR studies in mammals and identified genes and processes robustly altered due to CR. Our results reveal a complex array of CR-induced changes and we re-identified several genes and processes previously associated with CR, such as growth hormone signalling, lipid metabolism and immune response. Moreover, our results highlight novel associations with CR, such as retinol metabolism and copper ion detoxification, as well as hint of a strong effect of CR on circadian rhythms that in turn may contribute to metabolic changes. Analyses of our signatures by integrating co-expression data, information on genetic mutants, and transcription factor binding site analysis revealed candidate regulators of transcriptional modules in CR. Our results hint at a transcriptional module involved in sterol metabolism regulated by Srebf1. A putative regulatory role of Ppara was also identified. Overall, our conserved molecular signatures of CR provide a comprehensive picture of CR-induced changes and help understand its regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Plank
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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32
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Abstract
Resetting the circadian clock leads to well being and increased life span, whereas clock disruption is associated with aging and morbidity. Increased longevity and improved health can be achieved by different feeding regimens that reset circadian rhythms and may lead to better synchrony in metabolism and physiology. This review focuses on recent findings concerning the relationships between circadian rhythms, aging attenuation, and life-span extension in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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33
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Park N, Cheon S, Son GH, Cho S, Kim K. Chronic circadian disturbance by a shortened light-dark cycle increases mortality. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:1122.e11-22. [PMID: 22154820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic circadian disturbance, a condition of desynchronization between endogenous clock and environmental light-dark (LD) cycle, is known to cause adverse physiological changes including mortality. However, it is yet unclear whether these consequences result from disturbance of endogenous clock or condition of the LD cycle per se. To address this issue, we imposed 3 different periods of LD cycle (T) on wild type and functional clock-defective (Per1(-/-)Per2(-/-)) mice. We found that the disturbed rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature resulted from interaction of endogenous clock and T cycle and the chronic state of the disturbance suppressed the endogenous circadian rhythm. Interestingly, the endogenous clock and the T cycles affected body weight and food intake independently, while their interaction affected the life span resulting increased mortality of wild type mice in a shortened T cycle. These results strongly indicate the presence of both separate and combined effects of the endogenous clock and T cycle on different physiological variables implying that shift work scheduling can be an important influence on health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noheon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Long-lived mice exhibit 24h locomotor circadian rhythms at young and old age. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:606-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Froy O, Miskin R. Effect of feeding regimens on circadian rhythms: implications for aging and longevity. Aging (Albany NY) 2010; 2:7-27. [PMID: 20228939 PMCID: PMC2837202 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased longevity and improved health can be achieved in mammals by two feeding regimens, caloric restriction (CR), which limits the amount of daily calorie intake, and intermittent fasting (IF), which allows the food to be available ad libitum every other day. The precise mechanisms mediating these beneficial effects are still unresolved. Resetting the circadian clock is another intervention that can lead to increased life span and well being, while clock disruption is associated with aging and morbidity. Currently, a large body of evidence links circadian rhythms with metabolism and feeding regimens. In particular, CR, and possibly also IF, can entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the brain hypothalamus. These findings raise the hypothesis that the beneficial effects exerted by these feeding regimens could be mediated, at least in part, through resetting of the circadian clock, thus leading to synchrony in metabolism and physiology. This hypothesis is reinforced by a transgenic mouse model showing spontaneously reduced eating alongside robust circadian rhythms and increased life span. This review will summarize recent findings concerning the relationships between feeding regimens, circadian rhythms, and metabolism with implications for ageing attenuation and life span extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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36
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Arul D, Jayakumar M, Prahalathan P, Subramanian P. Circadian patterns of antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in daytime food restricted rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010802568947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Globerson A, Reznick AZ. Biogerontology research in Israel. Biogerontology 2010; 12:17-30. [PMID: 20549354 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on biogerontology in Israel are reviewed in relation to the academic and medical research setup, as well as to a variety of gerontological bodies that contribute to promotion of the research. Studies on the biology of aging are outlined with a view also on the relevance and possible applications to medicine. The various topics encompass longevity-associated genes, effects of calorie restriction, including studies on the experimental model of the alpha-MUPA mutant mouse, as well as basic issues regarding the central nervous system and skeletal tissues. Attention is paid also to stem cell biology as related to tissue repair in a variety of systems, and experiments performed on plants. Finally, a new insight into the theories on aging is viewed, as currently being pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiela Globerson
- The Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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38
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Jayakumar M, Arul D, Prahalathan P, Subramanian P. Night-time food restriction modulates the circadian patterns of redox status in rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010802568772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Obesity has become a serious public health problem and a major risk factor for the development of illnesses, such as insulin resistance and hypertension. Human homeostatic systems have adapted to daily changes in light and dark in a way that the body anticipates the sleep and activity periods. Mammals have developed an endogenous circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus that responds to the environmental light-dark cycle. Similar clocks have been found in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, intestine, and adipose tissue, regulating cellular and physiological functions. The circadian clock has been reported to regulate metabolism and energy homeostasis in the liver and other peripheral tissues. This is achieved by mediating the expression and/or activity of certain metabolic enzymes and transport systems. In return, key metabolic enzymes and transcription activators interact with and affect the core clock mechanism. In addition, the core clock mechanism has been shown to be linked with lipogenic and adipogenic pathways. Animals with mutations in clock genes that disrupt cellular rhythmicity have provided evidence for the relationship between the circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, clinical studies in shift workers and obese patients accentuate the link between the circadian clock and metabolism. This review will focus on the interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolism, with implications for obesity and how the circadian clock is influenced by hormones, nutrients, and timed meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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40
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Begriche K, Sutton GM, Fang J, Butler AA. The role of melanocortin neuronal pathways in circadian biology: a new homeostatic output involving melanocortin-3 receptors? Obes Rev 2009; 10 Suppl 2:14-24. [PMID: 19849798 PMCID: PMC4834055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance and increased propensity for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease result from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The cloning of genes involved in energy homeostasis produced a simple feedback model for the homeostatic regulation of adipose mass. Serum leptin secreted from adipocytes signals nutrient sufficiency, curbing appetite and supporting energy expenditure. A rapid decline in leptin during nutrient scarcity instigates adaptive mechanisms, including increased appetite and reduced energy expenditure. Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons are important mediators of this response, integrating inputs of energy status from leptin with other peripheral signals. While this feedback response prolongs survival during fasting, other mechanisms allowing the prediction of nutrient availability also confer a selective advantage. This adaptation has been commonly studied in rodents using restricted feeding paradigms constraining food intake to limited periods at 24-h intervals. Restricted feeding rapidly elicits rhythmic bouts of activity and wakefulness anticipating food presentation. While the response exhibits features suggesting a clock-like mechanism, the neuromolecular mechanisms governing expression of food anticipatory behaviours are poorly understood. Here we discuss a model whereby melanocortin neurons regulating the homeostatic adaptation to variable caloric availability also regulate inputs into neural networks governing anticipatory rhythms in wakefulness, activity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Begriche
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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41
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Abstract
Detection of internal body time (BT) via a few-time-point assay has been a longstanding challenge in medicine, because BT information can be exploited to maximize potency and minimize toxicity during drug administration and thus will enable highly optimized medication. To address this challenge, we previously developed the concept, "molecular-timetable method," which was originally inspired by Linné's flower clock. In Linné's flower clock, one can estimate the time of the day by watching the opening and closing pattern of various flowers. Similarly, in the molecular-timetable method, one can measure the BT of the day by profiling the up and down patterns of substances in the molecular timetable. To make this method clinically feasible, we now performed blood metabolome analysis and here report the successful quantification of hundreds of clock-controlled metabolites in mouse plasma. Based on circadian blood metabolomics, we can detect individual BT under various conditions, demonstrating its robustness against genetic background, sex, age, and feeding differences. The power of this method is also demonstrated by the sensitive and accurate detection of circadian rhythm disorder in jet-lagged mice. These results suggest the potential for metabolomics-based detection of BT ("metabolite-timetable method"), which will lead to the realization of chronotherapy and personalized medicine.
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Hussain MM, Pan X. Clock genes, intestinal transport and plasma lipid homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:177-85. [PMID: 19349191 PMCID: PMC4544755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Light and food are two major environmental factors that impact daily life. Light entrainment is centrally controlled by suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Food entrainment might require cooperation between the intestine and dorsomedial hypothalamus. Clock genes that are essential for light entrainment also play a part in food entrainment. Understanding the role of clock genes in the entrainment of intestinal functions, as well as in gut-brain communication during food entrainment, will enhance our understanding of gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders. This review highlights recent studies examining light- and food-entrained regulation of plasma lipids and of various intestinal activities and offers insight into the role of the intestine in food entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Froy O, Chapnik N, Miskin R. Effect of intermittent fasting on circadian rhythms in mice depends on feeding time. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:154-60. [PMID: 19041664 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) resets circadian rhythms and extends life span. Intermittent fasting (IF) also extends life span, but its affect on circadian rhythms has not been studied. To study the effect of IF alongside CR, we imposed IF in FVB/N mice or IF combined with CR using the transgenic FVB/N alphaMUPA mice that, when fed ad libitum, exhibit spontaneously reduced eating and extended life span. Our results show that when food was introduced during the light period, body temperature peak was not disrupted. In contrast, IF caused almost arrhythmicity in clock gene expression in the liver and advanced mPer2 and mClock expression. However, IF restored the amplitudes of clock gene expression under disruptive light condition regardless whether the animals were calorically restricted or not. Unlike daytime feeding, nighttime feeding yielded rhythms similar to those generated during ad libitum feeding. Taken together, our results show that IF can affect circadian rhythms differently depending on the timing of food availability, and suggest that this regimen induces a metabolic state that affects the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Froy O, Chapnik N, Miskin R. The suprachiasmatic nuclei are involved in determining circadian rhythms during restricted feeding. Neuroscience 2008; 155:1152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Costa M, Botton P, Mioranzza S, Souza D, Porciúncula L. Caffeine prevents age-associated recognition memory decline and changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tirosine kinase receptor (TrkB) content in mice. Neuroscience 2008; 153:1071-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Froy O, Chapnik N, Miskin R. Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:467-71. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2008.0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruth Miskin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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