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Zahr NM. Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:03. [PMID: 38812709 PMCID: PMC11135165 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE By 2040, 21.6% of Americans will be over age 65, and the population of those older than age 85 is estimated to reach 14.4 million. Although not causative, older age is a risk factor for dementia: every 5 years beyond age 65, the risk doubles; approximately one-third of those older than age 85 are diagnosed with dementia. As current alcohol consumption among older adults is significantly higher compared to previous generations, a pressing question is whether drinking alcohol increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. SEARCH METHODS Databases explored included PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. To accomplish this narrative review on the effects of alcohol consumption on dementia risk, the literature covered included clinical diagnoses, epidemiology, neuropsychology, postmortem pathology, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and translational studies. Searches conducted between January 12 and August 1, 2023, included the following terms and combinations: "aging," "alcoholism," "alcohol use disorder (AUD)," "brain," "CNS," "dementia," "Wernicke," "Korsakoff," "Alzheimer," "vascular," "frontotemporal," "Lewy body," "clinical," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "pathology," "autopsy," "postmortem," "histology," "cognitive," "motor," "neuropsychological," "magnetic resonance," "imaging," "PET," "ligand," "degeneration," "atrophy," "translational," "rodent," "rat," "mouse," "model," "amyloid," "neurofibrillary tangles," "α-synuclein," or "presenilin." When relevant, "species" (i.e., "humans" or "other animals") was selected as an additional filter. Review articles were avoided when possible. SEARCH RESULTS The two terms "alcoholism" and "aging" retrieved about 1,350 papers; adding phrases-for example, "postmortem" or "magnetic resonance"-limited the number to fewer than 100 papers. Using the traditional term, "alcoholism" with "dementia" resulted in 876 citations, but using the currently accepted term "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" with "dementia" produced only 87 papers. Similarly, whereas the terms "Alzheimer's" and "alcoholism" yielded 318 results, "Alzheimer's" and "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" returned only 40 citations. As pertinent postmortem pathology papers were published in the 1950s and recent animal models of Alzheimer's disease were created in the early 2000s, articles referenced span the years 1957 to 2024. In total, more than 5,000 articles were considered; about 400 are herein referenced. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol misuse accelerates brain aging and contributes to cognitive impairments, including those in the mnemonic domain. The consensus among studies from multiple disciplines, however, is that alcohol misuse can increase the risk for dementia, but not necessarily Alzheimer's disease. Key issues to consider include the reversibility of brain damage following abstinence from chronic alcohol misuse compared to the degenerative and progressive course of Alzheimer's disease, and the characteristic presence of protein inclusions in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, which are absent in the brains of those with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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2
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Kubat Oktem E. BMP4, SGSH, and SLC11A2 are Predicted to Be Biomarkers of Aging Associated with Programmed Cell Death. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:713-723. [PMID: 37632651 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are exacerbated by aging, with symptoms often worsening over time. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a controlled cell suicide mechanism that is essential for the stability, growth, and homeostasis of organisms. Understanding the effects of aging at the level of systems biology could lead to new therapeutic approaches for a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. In the absence of comprehensive functional studies on the relationship between PCD and aging of the prefrontal cortex, this study provides prefrontal brain biomarkers of aging associated with PCD that could open the way for improved therapeutic techniques for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. To this end, publicly available transcriptome data were subjected to bioinformatic analyses such as differential gene expression, functional enrichment, and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The diagnostic utility of the biomarkers was tested using a logistic regression-based prediction model. Three genes, namely BMP4, SGSH, and SLC11A2, were found to be aging biomarkers associated with PCD. Finally, a multifactorial regulatory network with interacting proteins, transcription factors (TFs), competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) was constructed around these biomarkers. The elements of this multifactorial regulatory network were mainly enriched in BMP signaling. Further exploration of these three biomarkers and their regulatory elements would enable the development of 3PM (predictive, preventive, and personalized) medicine for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Oktem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kuzey Yerleşkesi H Blok, Ünalan Mah. Ünalan Sk. D100 Karayolu Yanyol 34700, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Chen Y, Hunter E, Arbabi K, Guet-McCreight A, Consens M, Felsky D, Sibille E, Tripathy SJ. Robust differences in cortical cell type proportions across healthy human aging inferred through cross-dataset transcriptome analyses. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 125:49-61. [PMID: 36841202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in cognitive function are driven by cell type-specific changes in the brain. However, it remains challenging to study cellular differences associated with healthy aging as traditional approaches scale poorly to the sample sizes needed to capture aging and cellular heterogeneity. Here, we employed cellular deconvolution to estimate relative cell type proportions using frontal cortex bulk gene expression from individuals without psychiatric conditions or brain pathologies. Our analyses comprised 8 datasets and 6 cohorts (1142 subjects and 1429 samples) with ages of death spanning 15-90 years. We found aging associated with profound differences in cellular proportions, with the largest changes reflecting fewer somatostatin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons, more astrocytes and other non-neuronal cells, and a suggestive "U-shaped" quadratic relationship for microglia. Cell type associations with age were markedly robust across bulk-and single nucleus datasets. Altogether, we present a comprehensive account of proportional differences in cortical cell types associated with healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Chen
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Hunter
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keon Arbabi
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Guet-McCreight
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Micaela Consens
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- The Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Zeighami Y, Bakken TE, Nickl-Jockschat T, Peterson Z, Jegga AG, Miller JA, Schulkin J, Evans AC, Lein ES, Hawrylycz M. A comparison of anatomic and cellular transcriptome structures across 40 human brain diseases. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002058. [PMID: 37079537 PMCID: PMC10118126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with risk for brain disease exhibit characteristic expression patterns that reflect both anatomical and cell type relationships. Brain-wide transcriptomic patterns of disease risk genes provide a molecular-based signature, based on differential co-expression, that is often unique to that disease. Brain diseases can be compared and aggregated based on the similarity of their signatures which often associates diseases from diverse phenotypic classes. Analysis of 40 common human brain diseases identifies 5 major transcriptional patterns, representing tumor-related, neurodegenerative, psychiatric and substance abuse, and 2 mixed groups of diseases affecting basal ganglia and hypothalamus. Further, for diseases with enriched expression in cortex, single-nucleus data in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) exhibits a cell type expression gradient separating neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and substance abuse diseases, with unique excitatory cell type expression differentiating psychiatric diseases. Through mapping of homologous cell types between mouse and human, most disease risk genes are found to act in common cell types, while having species-specific expression in those types and preserving similar phenotypic classification within species. These results describe structural and cellular transcriptomic relationships of disease risk genes in the adult brain and provide a molecular-based strategy for classifying and comparing diseases, potentially identifying novel disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Zeighami
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Trygve E. Bakken
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Zeru Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Miller
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alan C. Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ed S. Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Hawrylycz
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Tracy BM, Silverman ME, Cordero-Caballero C, Durr EA, Gelbard RB. Dual Neurostimulant Therapy May Optimize Acute Neurorecovery for Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries. J Surg Res 2021; 268:546-551. [PMID: 34464892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurostimulants (NS) can be used to treat patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) with altered levels of consciousness. We sought to determine if amantadine alone (monotherapy) versus amantadine + methylphenidate (dual therapy) would correlate with better neurorecovery (NR) among acutely hospitalized patients with a severe TBI. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of adult patients admitted to our level I trauma center from 2016-2019 with a severe TBI. NR was calculated by dividing the difference between admission and discharge Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores by 12. Resulting ratios were used to divide the cohort into two groups: excellent NR (1) and non-excellent NR (<1). RESULTS A total of 76 patients comprised the cohort; 19.7% (n = 15) had excellent NR. The excellent NR group had a larger proportion of patients receiving dual therapy compared to the non-excellent group (86.7% versus 59%, P = 0.04). In monotherapy (n = 27), amantadine was initiated 13 (8-20) d following injury and treatment lasted 7 (2-16) d. In dual therapy (n = 49), amantadine was initiated 12 (6-19) d following injury and continued for 9 (4-25.5) d. Methylphenidate was initiated 15 (7-20.5) d following injury and continued for 5 (2-13.5) d. After adjusting for confounders, dual versus monotherapy predicted excellent NR (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2 - 38.9, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS During the acute hospitalization for a severe TBI, dual NS therapy compared to monotherapy is associated with an increased likelihood of excellent NR. Larger prospective trials are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Tracy
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Michael E Silverman
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carlos Cordero-Caballero
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily A Durr
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rondi B Gelbard
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Satapathy MK, Yen TL, Jan JS, Tang RD, Wang JY, Taliyan R, Yang CH. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): An Advanced Drug Delivery System Targeting Brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1183. [PMID: 34452143 PMCID: PMC8402065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various types of drug delivery, specifically in the context of the treatment of several neuropathological conditions where the therapeutic agents cannot cross the BBB. Drug toxicity and on-target specificity are among some of the limitations associated with current neurotherapeutics. In recent years, advances in nanodrug delivery have enabled the carrier system containing the active therapeutic drug to target the signaling pathways and pathophysiology that are closely linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumor, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. At present, among the nano formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a putative drug carrier system that can deliver the active therapeutics (drug-loaded SLNs) across the BBB at the target site of the brain, offering a novel approach with controlled drug delivery, longer circulation time, target specificity, and higher efficacy, and more importantly, reducing toxicity in a biomimetic way. This paper highlights the synthesis and application of SLNs as a novel nontoxic formulation strategy to carry CNS drugs across the BBB to improve the use of therapeutics agents in treating major neurological disorders in future clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 22174, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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7
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Exercise renovates H 2S and Nrf2-related antioxidant pathways to suppress apoptosis in the natural ageing process of male rat cortex. Biogerontology 2021; 22:495-506. [PMID: 34251569 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process that increases the probability of disease and death, which affects the organs of all species. The accumulation of oxidative damage in the brain contributes to a progressive loss of cognitive functions or even declined the energy metabolism. In this study, we tested the effects of exercise training on the apoptosis, survival, and antioxidant signaling pathways in the cerebral cortex of three age groups of male rats; 3, 12, and 18 months. We observed that H2S and the expression of Nrf2-related antioxidant pathways declined with age and increased after exercise training. IGF1R survival pathway was less increased in middle-aged rats; however, significantly increased after exercise training. The expression of mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway components, such as Bak, cytochrome C, and caspase 3 in the ageing control group, were much higher than those of the exercise training groups. This study demonstrated that exercise training could reduce the apoptosis and oxidative stress that accrues throughout ageing, which causes brain damage.
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Lin CW, Chang LC, Ma T, Oh H, French B, Puralewski R, Mathews F, Fang Y, Lewis DA, Kennedy JL, Mueller D, Marshe VS, Jaffe A, Chen Q, Ursini G, Weinberger D, Newman AB, Lenze EJ, Nikolova YS, Tseng GC, Sibille E. Older molecular brain age in severe mental illness. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3646-3656. [PMID: 32632206 PMCID: PMC7785531 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with accelerated aging and enhanced risk for neurodegenerative disorders. Brain aging is associated with molecular, cellular, and structural changes that are robust on the group level, yet show substantial inter-individual variability. Here we assessed deviations in gene expression from normal age-dependent trajectories, and tested their validity as predictors of risk for major mental illnesses and neurodegenerative disorders. We performed large-scale gene expression and genotype analyses in postmortem samples of two frontal cortical brain regions from 214 control subjects aged 20-90 years. Individual estimates of "molecular age" were derived from age-dependent genes, identified by robust regression analysis. Deviation from chronological age was defined as "delta age". Genetic variants associated with deviations from normal gene expression patterns were identified by expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) of age-dependent genes or genome-wide association study (GWAS) on delta age, combined into distinct polygenic risk scores (PRScis-eQTL and PRSGWAS), and tested for predicting brain disorders or pathology in independent postmortem expression datasets and clinical cohorts. In these validation datasets, molecular ages, defined by 68 and 76 age-related genes for two brain regions respectively, were positively correlated with chronological ages (r = 0.88/0.91), elevated in bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCZ), and unchanged in major depressive disorder (MDD). Exploratory analyses in independent clinical datasets show that PRSs were associated with SCZ and MDD diagnostics, and with cognition in SCZ and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These results suggest that older molecular brain aging is a common feature of severe mental illnesses and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15312, USA
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Beverly French
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15312, USA
| | - Rachel Puralewski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15312, USA
| | - Fasil Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15312, USA
| | - Yusi Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15312, USA
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria S Marshe
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gianluca Ursini
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15312, USA.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada.
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Lin JY, Kuo WW, Baskaran R, Kuo CH, Chen YA, Chen WST, Ho TJ, Day CH, Mahalakshmi B, Huang CY. Swimming exercise stimulates IGF1/ PI3K/Akt and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α survival signaling to suppress apoptosis and inflammation in aging hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6852-6864. [PMID: 32320382 PMCID: PMC7202519 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus is one of the most vulnerable brain regions in terms of age-related pathological change. Exercise is presumed to delay the aging process and promote health because it seems to improve the function of most of the aging mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of swimming exercise training on brain inflammation, apoptotic and survival pathways in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced aging in SD rats. The rats were allocated to the following groups: (1) control; (2) swimming exercise; (3) induced-aging by injecting D-galactose; (4) induced-aging rats with swimming exercise. The longevity-related AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and brain IGF1/PI3K/Akt survival pathway were significantly reduced in D-galactose-induced aging group compared to non-aging control group and increased after exercise training. The inflammation pathway markers were over-expressed in induced-aging hippocampus, exercise significantly inhibited the inflammatory signaling activity. Fas-dependent and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways were significantly increased in the induced-aging group relative to the control group whereas they were decreased in the aging-exercise group. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise not only reduced aging-induced brain apoptosis and inflammatory signaling activity, but also enhanced the survival pathways in the hippocampus, which provides one of the new beneficial effects for exercise training in aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Shao-Tsu Chen
- Division of Addictive Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Shukla R, Oh H, Sibille E. Molecular and Cellular Evidence for Age by Disease Interactions: Updates and Path Forward. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:237-247. [PMID: 31285153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of age-associated gene expression changes shows that the brain engages a specific set of genes and biologic pathways along a continuous life-long trajectory and that these genes and pathways overlap with those associated with brain-related disorders. Based on this correlative observation, we have suggested a model of age-by-disease interaction by which brain ageing promotes biologic changes associated with diseases and where deviations from expected age-related trajectories, due to biologic and environmental factors, contribute to defining disease risk or resiliency. In this review, we first evaluate various biomarkers that can be used to study age-by-disease interactions and then focus on transcriptome analysis (i.e., the set of all expressed genes) as a useful tool to explore this interaction. Using the specific example of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-associated genes, we then describe molecular events and mechanisms potentially contributing to age-by-disease interactions. Finally, we suggest that long-term biologic adaptations within distinct cellular components of cortical microcircuits, as determined by transcriptome analysis, may integrate and mediate the effects of ageing and diseases. Moving forward, we suggest that analysis of transcriptome similarities between ageing and small molecule-induced system perturbations may lead to novel therapeutics discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan Shukla
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulating Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling on Neural Stem Cells to Delay Brain Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5010184. [PMID: 31885611 PMCID: PMC6914998 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study on the relationship between the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on senescent neural stem cells and Wnt-β/catenin signaling pathway. Background. Recent studies have shown that overactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to stem cell senescence. Whether Rg1 delays the senescence of NSCs is related to the regulation of this signaling pathway. Methods. The whole brain of Nestin-GFP transgenic newborn rat was extracted, and NSCs were extracted and cultured to P3 generation. The following indicators were detected: (1) NSC culture identification, (2) the effect of LiCl on the proliferation and survival rate of NSCs, (3) the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and survival of NSCs, (4) the growth of NSCs in each group observed by an optical microscope, (5) the cell cycle of each group detected by flow cytometry, (6) the proliferative ability of each group detected by BrdU, (7) the fluorescence intensity of Nestin and Sox2 of NSCs in each group observed by a fluorescence microscope, (8) the positive rate of senescence staining analyzed by SA-β-Gal staining, (9) the localization of β-catenin in NSCs observed by laser confocal microscopy, and (10) the changes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins in each group detected by Western blotting. Results. LiCl activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes mouse neural stem cell senescence. Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Conclusions. LiCl can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of NSCs, and ginsenoside Rg1 can antagonize the senescence of NSCs caused by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and delay brain aging.
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Demographic and Lifestyle Factors and Memory in European Older People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234727. [PMID: 31783491 PMCID: PMC6926502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate associations between demographic and lifestyle factors and memory performance in European people aged ≥60 years. Methods: Data from 23,641 people with a mean age of 70.2 (95 % CI 70.1–70.3) were analyzed and drawn from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Generalized linear models were carried out to estimate the associations for both men and women. Memory performance was tested using two word-list learning tests with immediate and delayed recall in SHARE. Results: age, severe limitations in physical activities, and any past alcohol problem were all negatively associated with memory performance. Contrarily, education level, higher nonalcoholic fluid intake, and engagement in sports activities more than once a week and in activities requiring a moderate level of energy were all positively associated with memory performance. Smoking showed a significant negative association only in the immediate recall test for both men and women together, whilst long-term illness showed association only in the delayed recall. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with memory performance in women, but in men, it depended on the drinking frequency. Conclusions: Demographic and lifestyle factors are associated with memory performance in the older population.
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13
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Almkvist O, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Thordardottir S, Nordberg A, Viitanen M, Lannfelt L, Graff C. Longitudinal cognitive decline in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease varies with mutations in APP and PSEN1 genes. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:40-47. [PMID: 31386938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to compare longitudinal cognitive changes in APP and PSEN1 gene mutation carriers and noncarriers from four autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) families across preclinical and early clinical stages of disease. Carriers (n = 34) with four different mutations (PSEN1M146V, PSEN1H163Y, APPSWE, and APPARC) and noncarriers (n = 41) were followed up longitudinally with repeated cognitive assessments starting many years before the expected clinical onset. The relationship between cognition and years to expected clinical onset, education, age, and type of mutation was analyzed using mixed-effects models. Results showed an education-dependent and time-related cognitive decline with linear and quadratic predictors in mutation carriers. Cognitive decline began close to the expected clinical onset and was relatively rapid afterward in PSEN1 mutation carriers, whereas decline was slower and started earlier than 10 years before expected clinical onset in APP mutation carriers. In noncarriers, the decline was minimal across time in accordance with normal aging. These results suggest that phenotypes for onset and rate of cognitive decline vary with PSEN1 and APP genes, suggesting a behavioral heterogeneity in ADAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Almkvist
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steinunn Thordardottir
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Glorioso CA, Pfenning AR, Lee SS, Bennett DA, Sibille EL, Kellis M, Guarente LP. Rate of brain aging and APOE ε4 are synergistic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201900303. [PMID: 31133613 PMCID: PMC6537750 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a gauge for brain aging predictive of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease synergistic with the APOE ε4 allele. Advanced age and the APOE ε4 allele are the two biggest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and declining cognitive function. We describe a universal gauge to measure molecular brain age using transcriptome analysis of four human postmortem cohorts (n = 673, ages 25–97) free of neurological disease. In a fifth cohort of older subjects with or without neurological disease (n = 438, ages 67–108), we show that subjects with brains deviating in the older direction from what would be expected based on chronological age show an increase in AD, Parkinson’s disease, and cognitive decline. Strikingly, a younger molecular age (−5 yr than chronological age) protects against AD even in the presence of APOE ε4. An established DNA methylation gauge for age correlates well with the transcriptome gauge for determination of molecular age and assigning deviations from the expected. Our results suggest that rapid brain aging and APOE ε4 are synergistic risk factors, and interventions that slow aging may substantially reduce risk of neurological disease and decline even in the presence of APOE ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin A Glorioso
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sam S Lee
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Etienne L Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry and of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leonard P Guarente
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,The Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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DNA methylation in the human frontal cortex reveals a putative mechanism for age-by-disease interactions. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:39. [PMID: 30696804 PMCID: PMC6351569 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A consistent gene set undergoes age-associated expression changes in the human cerebral cortex, and our Age-by-Disease Model posits that these changes contribute to psychiatric diseases by "pushing" the expression of disease-associated genes in disease-promoting directions. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an attractive candidate mechanism for age-associated gene expression changes. We used the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array to characterize genome-wide DNAm in the postmortem orbital frontal cortex from 20 younger (<42 years) and 19 older (>60 years) subjects. DNAm data were integrated with existing normal brain aging expression data and sets of psychiatric disease risk genes to test the hypothesis that age-associated DNAm changes contribute to age-associated gene expression changes and, by extension, susceptibility to psychiatric diseases. We found that age-associated differentially methylated regions (aDMRs) are common, robust, bidirectional, concentrated in CpG island shelves and sea, depleted in CpG islands, and enriched among genes undergoing age-associated expression changes (OR = 2.30, p = 1.69 × 10-27). We found the aDMRs are enriched among genetic association-based risk genes for schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR = 2.51, p = 0.00015; OR = 2.38, p = 0.036; and OR = 3.08, p = 0.018, respectively) as well as expression-based MDD-associated genes (OR = 1.48, p = 0.00012). Similar patterns of enrichment were found for aDMRs that correlate with local gene expression. These results were replicated in a large publically-available dataset, and confirmed by meta-analysis of the two datasets. Our findings suggest DNAm is a molecular mechanism for age-associated gene expression changes and support a role for DNAm in age-by-disease interactions through preferential targeting of disease-associated genes.
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16
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Abdul Sani NF, Ahmad Damanhuri MH, Amir Hamzah AIZ, Abu Bakar ZH, Tan JK, Nor Aripin KN, Mohd Rani MD, Noh NA, Shamaan NA, Razali R, Mohd Yusof YA, Mazlan M, Makpol S, Wan Ngah WZ. DNA damage and protein oxidation associated with ageing correlate with cognitive dysfunction in a Malaysian population. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1000-1009. [PMID: 30079776 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1506877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with increased oxidative stress accompanied by cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and their possible relationship with cognitive performances during ageing among the Malay population. Approximately 160 healthy Malay adults aged between 28 and 79 years were recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley. Cognitive function was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), forward digit span (FDS), backward digit span (BDS), digit symbol, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate recalled [RAVLT(I)] and delayed recalled [RAVLT(D)], and visual reproduction immediate recalled (VR-I) and delayed recalled (VR-II). DNA damage, plasma protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also determined. Cognitive function test showed significant lower scores of MoCA, BDS, RAVLT(I), RAVLT(D), digit symbol, VR-I, and VR-II in the older age group (60 years old) compared with the 30-, 40-, and 50-year-old group. The extent of DNA damage was sequential with age: 60 > 50 > 40 > 30, whereas protein carbonyl was higher in 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old groups compared with the youngest group (30 years old). However, the MDA level was observed unchanged in all age groups. Approximately 21.88% of the participants had cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that DNA damage and protein carbonyl levels are predictors for cognitive impairment in healthy Malays. In conclusion, cognitive decline occurred in healthy adult Malay population at an early age of 30 years old with corresponding higher DNA damage and protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Imran Zaydi Amir Hamzah
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Zulzikry Hafiz Abu Bakar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Jen-Kit Tan
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Khairun Nain Nor Aripin
- b Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani
- b Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nor Azila Noh
- b Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nor Aripin Shamaan
- b Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Rosdinom Razali
- c Department of Psychiatry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- d Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Teknologi Mara, Jalan Hospital , 47000 Sungai Buloh , Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Jalan Yaacob Latif , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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17
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Woo MT, Davids K, Liukkonen J, Chow JY, Jaakkola T. Falls, Cognitive Function, and Balance Profiles of Singapore Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: Key Risk Factors. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2017; 8:256-262. [PMID: 29318089 PMCID: PMC5755848 DOI: 10.1177/2151458517745989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study compared occurrence of falls, cognitive function, and balance profiles across participants in elderly age categories, investigating associations between the 3 aspects in a sample of Singapore’s elderly population. Method: Community-dwelling elderly individuals (N = 385) were randomly recruited and grouped into “young-old (65-74 years),” “medium-old (75-84 years),” and “oldest-old (above 85 years)” groups. The Fallproof Health and Activity questionnaire, adapted Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) tests were used to survey information related to falls, cognition, and balance profiles. Results: Findings revealed significant differences in MMSE and BBS scores across the age groups. Participants with mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-3.25) and BBS score ≤40 (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.14-0.46) were at the highest risk of falling. Conclusion: Community-dwelling elderly individuals with subtle cognitive impairment and BBS scores ≤40 displayed an increased risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Teng Woo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,School of Sports, Health, and Leisure, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Keith Davids
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jarmo Liukkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jia Yi Chow
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Lee A, Shen M, Qiu A. Psychiatric polygenic risk associates with cortical morphology and functional organization in aging. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1276. [PMID: 29225336 PMCID: PMC5802582 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Common brain abnormalities in cortical morphology and functional organization are observed in psychiatric disorders and aging, reflecting shared genetic influences. This preliminary study aimed to examine the contribution of a polygenetic risk for psychiatric disorders (PRScross) to aging brain and to identify molecular mechanisms through the use of multimodal brain images, genotypes, and transcriptome data. We showed age-related cortical thinning in bilateral inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and superior temporal gyrus and alterations in the functional connectivity between bilateral IFC and between right IFC and right inferior parietal lobe as a function of PRScross. Interestingly, the genes in PRScross, that contributed most to aging neurodegeneration, were expressed in the functioanlly connected cortical regions. Especially, genes identified through the genotype-functional connectivity association analysis were commonly expressed in both cortical regions and formed strong gene networks with biological processes related to neural plasticity and synaptogenesis, regulated by glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission, neurotrophin signaling, and metabolism. This study suggested integrating genotype and transcriptome with neuroimage data sheds new light on the mechanisms of aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lee
- 0000 0001 2180 6431grid.4280.eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Mojun Shen
- 0000 0004 0637 0221grid.185448.4Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore. .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 117609, Singapore. .,Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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19
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Revisiting nicotine’s role in the ageing brain and cognitive impairment. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:767-781. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBrain ageing is a complex process which in its pathologic form is associated with learning and memory dysfunction or cognitive impairment. During ageing, changes in cholinergic innervations and reduced acetylcholinergic tonus may trigger a series of molecular pathways participating in oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, amyloid-β toxicity, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and perturb neurotrophic factors in the brain. Nicotine is an exogenous agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acts as a pharmacological chaperone in the regulation of nAChR expression, potentially intervening in age-related changes in diverse molecular pathways leading to pathology. Although nicotine has therapeutic potential, paradoxical effects have been reported, possibly due to its inverted U-shape dose-response effects or pharmacokinetic factors. Additionally, nicotine administration should result in optimum therapeutic effects without imparting abuse potential or toxicity. Overall, this review aims to compile the previous and most recent data on nicotine and its effects on cognition-related mechanisms and age-related cognitive impairment.
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20
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Pabba M, Scifo E, Kapadia F, Nikolova YS, Ma T, Mechawar N, Tseng GC, Sibille E. Resilient protein co-expression network in male orbitofrontal cortex layer 2/3 during human aging. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:180-190. [PMID: 28750307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is vulnerable to normal and pathologic aging. Currently, layer resolution large-scale proteomic studies describing "normal" age-related alterations at OFC are not available. Here, we performed a large-scale exploratory high-throughput mass spectrometry-based protein analysis on OFC layer 2/3 from 15 "young" (15-43 years) and 18 "old" (62-88 years) human male subjects. We detected 4193 proteins and identified 127 differentially expressed (DE) proteins (p-value ≤0.05; effect size >20%), including 65 up- and 62 downregulated proteins (e.g., GFAP, CALB1). Using a previously described categorization of biological aging based on somatic tissues, that is, peripheral "hallmarks of aging," and considering overlap in protein function, we show the highest representation of altered cell-cell communication (54%), deregulated nutrient sensing (39%), and loss of proteostasis (35%) in the set of OFC layer 2/3 DE proteins. DE proteins also showed a significant association with several neurologic disorders; for example, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Notably, despite age-related changes in individual protein levels, protein co-expression modules were remarkably conserved across age groups, suggesting robust functional homeostasis. Collectively, these results provide biological insight into aging and associated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain normal brain function with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Pabba
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enzo Scifo
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fenika Kapadia
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Neurobiology of Depression and Aging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Raj D, Yin Z, Breur M, Doorduin J, Holtman IR, Olah M, Mantingh-Otter IJ, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, den Dunnen W, Eggen BJL, Amor S, Boddeke E. Increased White Matter Inflammation in Aging- and Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:206. [PMID: 28713239 PMCID: PMC5492660 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation, which is primarily mediated by microglia, plays an essential role in aging and neurodegeneration. It is still unclear whether this microglia-induced neuroinflammation occurs globally or is confined to distinct brain regions. In this study, we investigated microglia activity in various brain regions upon healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology in both human and mouse samples. In purified microglia isolated from aging mouse brains, we found a profound gene expression pattern related to pro-inflammatory processes, phagocytosis, and lipid homeostasis. Particularly in white matter microglia of 24-month-old mice, abundant expression of phagocytic markers including Mac-2, Axl, CD16/32, Dectin1, CD11c, and CD36 was detected. Interestingly, in white matter of human brain tissue the first signs of inflammatory activity were already detected during middle age. Thus quantification of microglial proteins, such as CD68 (commonly associated with phagocytosis) and HLA-DR (associated with antigen presentation), in postmortem human white matter brain tissue showed an age-dependent increase in immunoreactivity already in middle-aged people (53.2 ± 2.0 years). This early inflammation was also detectable by non-invasive positron emission tomography imaging using [11C]-(R)-PK11195, a ligand that binds to activated microglia. Increased microglia activity was also prominently present in the white matter of human postmortem early-onset AD (EOAD) brain tissue. Interestingly, microglia activity in the white matter of late-onset AD (LOAD) CNS was similar to that of the aged clinically silent AD cases. These data indicate that microglia-induced neuroinflammation is predominant in the white matter of aging mice and humans as well as in EOAD brains. This white matter inflammation may contribute to the progression of neurodegeneration, and have prognostic value for detecting the onset and progression of aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Raj
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Marta Olah
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Ietje J Mantingh-Otter
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands.,Biobank, Institute Born-BungeWilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wilfred den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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22
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Kurth F, Cherbuin N, Luders E. Promising Links between Meditation and Reduced (Brain) Aging: An Attempt to Bridge Some Gaps between the Alleged Fountain of Youth and the Youth of the Field. Front Psychol 2017; 8:860. [PMID: 28611710 PMCID: PMC5447722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies has reported a positive impact of meditation on cerebral aging. However, the underlying mechanisms for these seemingly brain-protecting effects are not well-understood. This may be due to the fact, at least partly, that systematic empirical meditation research has emerged only recently as a field of scientific scrutiny. Thus, on the one hand, critical questions remain largely unanswered; and on the other hand, outcomes of existing research require better integration to build a more comprehensive and holistic picture. In this article, we first review theories and mechanisms pertaining to normal (brain) aging, specifically focusing on telomeres, inflammation, stress regulation, and macroscopic brain anatomy. Then, we summarize existing research integrating the developing evidence suggesting that meditation exerts positive effects on (brain) aging, while carefully discussing possible mechanisms through which these effects may be mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eileen Luders
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, United States.,Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
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23
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French L, Ma T, Oh H, Tseng GC, Sibille E. Age-Related Gene Expression in the Frontal Cortex Suggests Synaptic Function Changes in Specific Inhibitory Neuron Subtypes. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:162. [PMID: 28611654 PMCID: PMC5446995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide expression profiling of the human brain has revealed genes that are differentially expressed across the lifespan. Characterizing these genes adds to our understanding of both normal functions and pathological conditions. Additionally, the specific cell-types that contribute to the motor, sensory and cognitive declines during aging are unclear. Here we test if age-related genes show higher expression in specific neural cell types. Our study leverages data from two sources of murine single-cell expression data and two sources of age-associations from large gene expression studies of postmortem human brain. We used nonparametric gene set analysis to test for age-related enrichment of genes associated with specific cell-types; we also restricted our analyses to specific gene ontology groups. Our analyses focused on a primary pair of single-cell expression data from the mouse visual cortex and age-related human post-mortem gene expression information from the orbitofrontal cortex. Additional pairings that used data from the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex and blood were used to validate and test specificity of our findings. We found robust age-related up-regulation of genes that are highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, while genes highly expressed in layer 2/3 glutamatergic neurons were down-regulated across age. Genes not specific to any neural cell type were also down-regulated, possibly due to the bulk tissue source of the age-related genes. A gene ontology-driven dissection of the cell-type enriched genes highlighted the strong down-regulation of genes involved in synaptic transmission and cell-cell signaling in the Somatostatin (Sst) neuron subtype that expresses the cyclin dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) and in the vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip) neuron subtype expressing myosin binding protein C, slow type (Mybpc1). These findings provide new insights into cell specific susceptibility to normal aging, and suggest age-related synaptic changes in specific inhibitory neuron subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon French
- Neurobiology of Depression and Aging Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - TianZhou Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Neurobiology of Depression and Aging Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Neurobiology of Depression and Aging Lab, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Cechella JL, Leite MR, Pinton S, Zeni G, Nogueira CW. Neuroprotective Benefits of Aerobic Exercise and Organoselenium Dietary Supplementation in Hippocampus of Old Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3832-3840. [PMID: 28540659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The progressive decline of neurological functions, such as learning and memory, is an unavoidable consequence of aging. Our previous work suggested that the combination of physical exercise and a diet supplemented with diphenyl diselenide improves age-related memory decline in rats. The present study investigated the effects of physical exercise and a diet supplemented with diphenyl diselenide on the levels of proteins involved in the hippocampal neuroprotection to figure out the mechanisms related to the beneficial effects of this intervention in aged rats. Male Wistar rats (27 months old) were fed daily with standard chow supplemented with 1 ppm of diphenyl diselenide and subjected to swimming training with a workload (1% of body weight, 20 min/day) for 4 weeks. The hippocampus was dissected from the brain and used for the western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. The results of this study demonstrate that the association of diphenyl diselenide-supplemented diet and swimming exercise increased the levels of proteins involved in neuroprotection and decreased the activation of those related to apoptosis and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of old rats. This study suggests that physical exercise and a diet supplemented with (PhSe)2 promoted neuroprotection in the hippocampus of aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Cechella
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marlon R Leite
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97500-701, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
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25
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Almkvist O, Bosnes O, Bosnes I, Stordal E. Selective impact of disease on short-term and long-term components of self-reported memory: a population-based HUNT study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013586. [PMID: 28490551 PMCID: PMC5566596 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective memory is commonly considered to be a unidimensional measure. However, theories of performance-based memory suggest that subjective memory could be divided into more than one dimension. OBJECTIVE To divide subjective memory into theoretically related components of memory and explore the relationship to disease. METHODS In this study, various aspects of self-reported memory were studied with respect to demographics and diseases in the third wave of the HUNT epidemiological study in middle Norway. The study included all individuals 55 years of age or older, who responded to a nine-item questionnaire on subjective memory and questionnaires on health (n=18 633). RESULTS A principle component analysis of the memory items resulted in two memory components; the criterion used was an eigenvalue above 1, which accounted for 54% of the total variance. The components were interpreted as long-term memory (LTM; the first component; 43% of the total variance) and short-term memory (STM; the second component; 11% of the total variance). Memory impairment was significantly related to all diseases (except Bechterew's disease), most strongly to brain infarction, heart failure, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and whiplash. For most diseases, the STM component was more affected than the LTM component; however, in cancer, the opposite pattern was seen. CONCLUSIONS Subjective memory impairment as measured in HUNT contained two components, which were differentially associated with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Almkvist
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Bosnes
- Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bosnes
- Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Frahm C, Srivastava A, Schmidt S, Mueller J, Groth M, Guenther M, Ji Y, Priebe S, Platzer M, Witte OW. Transcriptional profiling reveals protective mechanisms in brains of long-lived mice. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 52:23-31. [PMID: 28110102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain plays a central role in organismal aging but is itself most sensitive to aging-related functional impairments and pathologies. Insights into processes underlying brain aging are the basis to positively impact brain health. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we monitored cerebral gene expression in mice throughout their whole lifespan (2, 9, 15, 24, and 30 months). Differentially expressed genes were clustered in 6 characteristic temporal expression profiles, 3 of which revealed a distinct change between 24 and 30 months, the period when most mice die. Functional annotation of these genes indicated a participation in protection against cancer and oxidative stress. Specifically, the most enriched pathways for the differentially expressed genes with higher expression at 30 versus 24 months were found to be glutathione metabolism and chemokine signaling pathway, whereas those lower expressed were enriched in focal adhesion and pathways in cancer. We therefore conclude that brains of very old mice are protected from certain aspects of aging, in particular cancer, which might have an impact on organismal health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Akash Srivastava
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvio Schmidt
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jule Mueller
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Madlen Guenther
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Priebe
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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27
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Strength and Aerobic Exercises Improve Spatial Memory in Aging Rats Through Stimulating Distinct Neuroplasticity Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7928-7937. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Khojah SM, Payne AP, McGuinness D, Shiels PG. Segmental Aging Underlies the Development of a Parkinson Phenotype in the AS/AGU Rat. Cells 2016; 5:E38. [PMID: 27763519 PMCID: PMC5187522 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the molecular biology of aging processes in the brain. We have used biomarkers of aging (SA β-Gal, p16Ink4a, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7) to demonstrate the presence of an accelerated aging phenotype across different brain regions in the AS/AGU rat, a spontaneous Parkinsonian mutant of PKCγ derived from a parental AS strain. P16INK4a expression was significantly higher in AS/AGU animals compared to age-matched AS controls (p < 0.001) and displayed segmental expression across various brain regions. The age-related expression of sirtuins similarly showed differences between strains and between brain regions. Our data clearly show segmental aging processes within the rat brain, and that these are accelerated in the AS/AGU mutant. The accelerated aging, Parkinsonian phenotype, and disruption to dopamine signalling in the basal ganglia in AS/AGU rats, suggests that this rat strain represents a useful model for studies of development and progression of Parkinson's disease in the context of biological aging and may offer unique mechanistic insights into the biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair M Khojah
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacology Research Theme, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Anthony P Payne
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacology Research Theme, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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29
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Neurochemical correlation between major depressive disorder and neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2016; 158:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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TORC2: a novel target for treating age-associated memory impairment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15193. [PMID: 26489398 PMCID: PMC4614817 DOI: 10.1038/srep15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory decline is one of the greatest health threats of the twenty-first century. Because of the widespread increase in life expectancy, 20 percent of the global population will be over 60 in 2050 and the problems caused by age-related memory loss will be dramatically aggravated. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this inevitable process are not well understood. Here we show that the activity of the recently discovered mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) declines with age in the brain of both fruit flies and rodents and that the loss of mTORC2-mediated actin polymerization contributes to age-associated memory loss. Intriguingly, treatment with a small molecule that activates mTORC2 (A-443654) reverses long-term memory (LTM) deficits in both aged mice and flies. In addition, we found that pharmacologically boosting either mTORC2 or actin polymerization enhances LTM. In contrast to the current approaches to enhance memory that have primarily targeted the regulation of gene expression (epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational), our data points to a novel, evolutionarily conserved mechanism for restoring memory that is dependent on structural plasticity. These insights into the molecular basis of age-related memory loss may hold promise for new treatments for cognitive disorders.
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31
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Sanchez D, Bajo-Grañeras R, Del Caño-Espinel M, Garcia-Centeno R, Garcia-Mateo N, Pascua-Maestro R, Ganfornina MD. Aging without Apolipoprotein D: Molecular and cellular modifications in the hippocampus and cortex. Exp Gerontol 2015; 67:19-47. [PMID: 25868396 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying brain aging is fundamental to understand its functional decline and the baseline upon which brain pathologies superimpose. Endogenous protective mechanisms must contribute to the adaptability and plasticity still present in the healthy aged brain. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is one of the few genes with a consistent and evolutionarily conserved up-regulation in the aged brain. ApoD protecting roles upon stress or injury are well known, but a study of the effects of ApoD expression in the normal aging process is still missing. Using an ApoD-knockout mouse we analyze the effects of ApoD on factors contributing to the functional maintenance of the aged brain. We focused our cellular and molecular analyses in the cortex and hippocampus at an age representing the onset of senescence where mortality risks are below 25%, avoiding bias towards long-lived animals. Lack of ApoD causes a prematurely aged brain without altering lifespan. Age-dependent hyperkinesia and memory deficits are accompanied by differential molecular effects in the cortex and hippocampus. Transcriptome analyses reveal distinct effects of ApoD loss on the molecular age-dependent patterns of the cortex and hippocampus, with different cell-type contributions to age-regulated gene expression. Markers of glial reactivity, proteostasis, and oxidative and inflammatory damage reveal early signs of aging and enhanced brain deterioration in the ApoD-knockout brain. The lack of ApoD results in an age-enhanced significant reduction in neuronal calcium-dependent functionality markers and signs of early reduction of neuronal numbers in the cortex, thus impinging upon parameters clearly differentiating neurodegenerative conditions from healthy brain aging. Our data support the hypothesis that the physiological increased brain expression of ApoD represents a homeostatic anti-aging mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bajo-Grañeras
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuela Del Caño-Espinel
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa Garcia-Centeno
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nadia Garcia-Mateo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pascua-Maestro
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
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Lin CW, Chang LC, Tseng GC, Kirkwood CM, Sibille EL, Sweet RA. VSNL1 Co-Expression Networks in Aging Include Calcium Signaling, Synaptic Plasticity, and Alzheimer's Disease Pathways. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:30. [PMID: 25806004 PMCID: PMC4353182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The visinin-like 1 (VSNL1) gene encodes visinin-like protein 1, a peripheral biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). Little is known, however, about normal VSNL1 expression in brain and the biologic networks in which it participates. Frontal cortex gray matter obtained from 209 subjects without neurodegenerative or psychiatric illness, ranging in age from 16 to 91, was processed on Affymetrix GeneChip 1.1 ST and Human SNP Array 6.0. VSNL1 expression was unaffected by age and sex, and not significantly associated with SNPs in cis or trans. VSNL1 was significantly co-expressed with genes in pathways for calcium signaling, AD, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and trafficking of AMPA receptors. The association with AD was driven, in part, by correlation with amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression. These findings provide an unbiased link between VSNL1 and molecular mechanisms of AD, including pathways implicated in synaptic pathology in AD. Whether APP may drive increased VSNL1 expression, VSNL1 drives increased APP expression, or both are downstream of common pathogenic regulators will need to be evaluated in model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Caitlin M Kirkwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Etienne L Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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33
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Cechella JL, Leite MR, Gai RM, Zeni G. The impact of a diphenyl diselenide-supplemented diet and aerobic exercise on memory of middle-aged rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 135:125-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Scholey AB, Camfield DA, Hughes ME, Woods W, K Stough CK, White DJ, Gondalia SV, Frederiksen PD. A randomized controlled trial investigating the neurocognitive effects of Lacprodan® PL-20, a phospholipid-rich milk protein concentrate, in elderly participants with age-associated memory impairment: the Phospholipid Intervention for Cognitive Ageing Reversal (PLICAR): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:404. [PMID: 24279904 PMCID: PMC4220811 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is of major societal concern in an ageing population, with the development of dietary supplements providing a promising avenue for amelioration of associated deficits. Despite initial interest in the use of phospholipids (PLs) for ARCD, in recent years there has been a hiatus in such research. Because of safety concerns regarding PLs derived from bovine cortex, and the equivocal efficacy of soybean-derived PLs, there is an important need for the development of new PL alternatives. Phospholipids derived from milk proteins represent one potential candidate treatment. METHODS In order to reduce the effects of age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) the Phospholipid Intervention for Cognitive Ageing Reversal (PLICAR) was developed to test the efficacy of a milk protein concentrate rich in natural, non-synthetic milk phospholipids (Lacprodan® PL-20). PLICAR is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-groups study where 150 (N = 50/group) AAMI participants aged > 55 years will be randomized to receive a daily supplement of Lacprodan® PL-20 or one of two placebos (phospholipid-free milk protein concentrate or inert rice starch) over a 6-month (180-day) period. Participants will undergo testing at baseline, 90 days and 180 days. The primary outcome is a composite memory score from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Secondary outcomes include cognitive (verbal learning, working memory, prospective and retrospective memory, processing speed and attention), mood (depression, anxiety, stress and visual analogue scales), cardiovascular (blood pressure, blood velocity and pulse wave pressure), gastrointestinal microbiota and biochemical measures (oxidative stress, inflammation, B vitamins and Homocysteine, glucoregulation and serum choline). Allelic differences in the Apolipoprotein E and (APOE) and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene will be included for subgroup analysis. A subset (N = 60; 20/group)) will undergo neuroimaging using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in order to further explore in vivo central mechanisms of action of Lacprodan® PL-20. This study will enable evaluation of the efficacy of milk-derived phospholipids for AAMI, and their mechanisms of action. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is jointly funded by Arla Foods and Swinburne University of Technology, currently recruiting and is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12613000347763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Victoria, Australia.
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Genetic basis of neurocognitive decline and reduced white-matter integrity in normal human brain aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19006-11. [PMID: 24191011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313735110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes associated with brain aging should markedly improve our understanding of the biological processes that govern normal age-related decline. However, challenges to identifying genes that facilitate successful brain aging are considerable, including a lack of established phenotypes and difficulties in modeling the effects of aging per se, rather than genes that influence the underlying trait. In a large cohort of randomly selected pedigrees (n = 1,129 subjects), we documented profound aging effects from young adulthood to old age (18-83 y) on neurocognitive ability and diffusion-based white-matter measures. Despite significant phenotypic correlation between white-matter integrity and tests of processing speed, working memory, declarative memory, and intelligence, no evidence for pleiotropy between these classes of phenotypes was observed. Applying an advanced quantitative gene-by-environment interaction analysis where age is treated as an environmental factor, we demonstrate a heritable basis for neurocognitive deterioration as a function of age. Furthermore, by decomposing gene-by-aging (G × A) interactions, we infer that different genes influence some neurocognitive traits as a function of age, whereas other neurocognitive traits are influenced by the same genes, but to differential levels, from young adulthood to old age. In contrast, increasing white-matter incoherence with age appears to be nongenetic. These results clearly demonstrate that traits sensitive to the genetic influences on brain aging can be identified, a critical first step in delineating the biological mechanisms of successful aging.
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Brain health and cognitive and mood disorders in ageing women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 27:661-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sibille E. Molecular aging of the brain, neuroplasticity, and vulnerability to depression and other brain-related disorders. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013. [PMID: 23576889 PMCID: PMC3622469 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2013.15.1/esibille] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increased risk for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with extended lifespan has long suggested mechanistic links between chronological age and brain-related disorders, including depression, Recent characterizations of age-dependent gene expression changes now show that aging of the human brain engages a specific set of biological pathways along a continuous lifelong trajectory, and that the same genes that are associated with normal brain aging are also frequently and similarly implicated in depression and other brain-related disorders. These correlative observations suggest a model of age-by-disease molecular interactions, in which brain aging promotes biological changes associated with diseases, and additional environmental factors and genetic variability contribute to defining disease risk or resiliency trajectories. Here we review the characteristic features of brain aging in terms of changes in gene function over time, and then focus on evidence supporting accelerated molecular aging in depression. This proposed age-by-disease biological interaction model addresses the current gap in research between “normal” brain aging and its connection to late-life diseases. The implications of this model are profound, as it provides an investigational framework for identifying critical moderating factors, outlines opportunities for early interventions or preventions, and may form the basis for a dimensional definition of diseases that goes beyond the current categorical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Hippocampal gene expression meta-analysis identifies aging and age-associated spatial learning impairment (ASLI) genes and pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69768. [PMID: 23874995 PMCID: PMC3715497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of gene expression microarray studies have been carried out in the past, which studied aging and age-associated spatial learning impairment (ASLI) in the hippocampus in animal models, with varying results. Data from such studies were never integrated to identify the most significant ASLI genes and to understand their effect. In this study we integrated these data involving rats using meta-analysis. Our results show that proper removal of batch effects from microarray data generated from different laboratories is necessary before integrating them for meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis has identified a number of significant differentially expressed genes across age or across ASLI. These genes affect many key functions in the aged compared to the young rats, which include viability of neurons, cell-to-cell signalling and interaction, migration of cells, neuronal growth, and synaptic plasticity. These functional changes due to the altered gene expression may manifest into various neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, some of which leading into syndromic memory impairments. While other aging related molecular changes can result into altered synaptic plasticity simply causing normal aging related non-syndromic learning or spatial learning impairments such as ASLI.
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The age-by-disease interaction hypothesis of late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:418-32. [PMID: 23570886 PMCID: PMC3549303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenologic diagnosis of depression is successful in increasing diagnostic reliability, but it is a classification scheme without biologic bases. One subtype of depression for which evidence suggests a unique biologic basis is late-life depression (LLD), with first onset of symptoms after the age of 65. LLD is common and poses a significant burden on affected individuals, caretakers, and society. The pathophysiology of LLD includes disruptions of the neural network underlying mood, which can be conceptualized as the result of dysfunction in multiple underlying biologic processes. Here, we briefly review current LLD hypotheses and then describe the characteristics of molecular brain aging and their overlap with disease processes. Furthermore, we propose a new hypothesis for LLD, the age-by-disease interaction hypothesis, which posits that the clinical presentation of LLD is the integrated output of specific biologic processes that are pushed in LLD-promoting directions by changes in gene expression naturally occurring in the brain during aging. Hence, the brain is led to a physiological state that is more susceptible to LLD, because additional pushes by genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors may now be sufficient to generate dysfunctional states that produce depressive symptoms. We put our propositions together into a decanalization model to aid in illustrating how age-related biologic changes of the brain can shift the repertoire of available functional states in a prodepression direction, and how additional factors can readily lead the system into distinct and stable maladaptive phenotypes, including LLD. This model brings together basic research on neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases more closely with the investigation of normal aging. Specifically, identifying biologic processes affected during normal aging may inform the development of new interventions for the prevention and treatment of LLD.
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Biological mechanisms of age-related disease and geriatric clinical research: a commentary from the NIMH. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:415-7. [PMID: 23570885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Douillard-Guilloux G, Guilloux JP, Lewis DA, Sibille E. Anticipated brain molecular aging in major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:450-60. [PMID: 23570888 PMCID: PMC3615087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain molecular aging, the pervasive and consistent transcriptome changes associated with normal brain aging, appears to overlap with disease pathways and may be anticipated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we characterize the global interaction of MDD-related gene changes with age, starting from our previous report of downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and BDNF-dependent genes in the amygdala of women with MDD. METHODS A large-scale gene expression data set in the amygdala from a postmortem cohort of 21 women with MDD and 21 age-matched controls (age range: 16-74 years) was analyzed for correlations of gene transcript changes with age, in the presence or absence of a diagnosis of MDD. RESULTS 1) The age-related decrease in BDNF transcripts observed in control subjects corresponds with further age-related decreases in BDNF and BDNF-dependent gene expression in MDD subjects; 2) most MDD-related genes are frequently age-regulated in both MDD and control subjects; 3) the effects of MDD and age are positively correlated; 4) most genes that are age-dependent in control subjects display greater age effects in MDD subjects; and 5) the increased prevalence of age effects in MDD corresponds to similar trends in controls, rather than representing de novo age effects. CONCLUSIONS MDD strongly associates with robust and anticipated gene expression changes that occur during normal aging of the brain, suggesting that an older molecular age of the brain represents an early biological event and/or a marker of risk for subsequent onset of MDD symptoms.
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Sibille E. Will neurobiology rise to the translational challenges and opportunities of late-life geriatric psychiatry? Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:411-4. [PMID: 23570884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Patel M, Souto EB, Singh KK. Advances in brain drug targeting and delivery: limitations and challenges of solid lipid nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:889-905. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.784742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gildengers AG, Chisholm D, Butters MA, Anderson SJ, Begley A, Holm M, Rogers JC, Reynolds CF, Mulsant BH. Two-year course of cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in older adults with bipolar disorder: evidence for neuroprogression? Psychol Med 2013; 43:801-11. [PMID: 22846332 PMCID: PMC3593938 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of disability, and an important contributor to disability in BD is cognitive impairment, there is little systematic research on the longitudinal course of cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in late-life. In this report, we characterize the 2-year course of cognitive function and IADLs in older adults with BD. Method We recruited non-demented individuals 50 years and older with BD I or BD II (n = 47) from out-patient clinics or treatment studies at the University of Pittsburgh. Comparator subjects ('controls') were 22 individuals of comparable age and education with no psychiatric or neurologic history, but similar levels of cardiovascular disease. We assessed cognitive function and IADLs at baseline, 1- and 2-year time-points. The neuropsychological evaluation comprised 21 well-established and validated tests assessing multiple cognitive domains. We assessed IADLs using a criterion-referenced, performance-based instrument. We employed repeated-measures mixed-effects linear models to examine trajectory of cognitive function. We employed non-parametric tests for analysis of IADLs. RESULTS The BD group displayed worse cognitive function in all domains and worse IADL performance than the comparator group at baseline and over follow-up. Global cognitive function and IADLs were correlated at all time-points. The BD group did not exhibit accelerated cognitive decline over 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Over 2 years, cognitive impairment and associated functional disability of older adults with BD appear to be due to long-standing neuroprogressive processes compounded by normal cognitive aging rather than accelerated cognitive loss in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Gildengers
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D. Chisholm
- University of Pittsburgh School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M. A. Butters
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S. J. Anderson
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A. Begley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M. Holm
- University of Pittsburgh School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J. C. Rogers
- University of Pittsburgh School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C. F. Reynolds
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B. H. Mulsant
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rajji TK, Voineskos AN, Butters MA, Miranda D, Arenovich T, Menon M, Ismail Z, Kern RS, Mulsant BH. Cognitive performance of individuals with schizophrenia across seven decades: a study using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:108-18. [PMID: 23343484 PMCID: PMC3548068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of aging, schizophrenia, and their interaction on cognitive function. DESIGN Cross-sectional controlled study. SETTING Community living. PARTICIPANTS A total of 235 subjects with schizophrenia age 19-79 and 333 comparison subjects age 20-81. MEASUREMENTS The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). RESULTS Older age was associated with poorer performance on 9 of 10 MCCB tests in both subjects with schizophrenia and comparison subjects. Subjects with schizophrenia were impaired relative to comparison subjects on each of the 10 tests. However, there was no interaction between aging and schizophrenia on any test. Essentially the same results were observed when analyzing performance on the seven MCCB cognitive domains and MCCB global composite score. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with other reports, schizophrenia appears to be a disorder marked by generalized cognitive dysfunction. However, the rate of cognitive decline appears to be similar to that observed in healthy comparison subjects. They do not experience acceleration in cognitive aging, which supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a syndrome of premature aging. Longitudinal studies including very old patients are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K. Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Tamara Arenovich
- Biostatistical Consulting Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Mahesh Menon
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Robert S. Kern
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 MIRECC
| | - Benoit H. Mulsant
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA,Corresponding author: Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6J 1H4. Phone: +1 416 535 8501 x 4749. Fax: +1 416 583 1307.
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McKinney BC, Oh H, Sibille E. Age-by-disease biological interactions: implications for late-life depression. Front Genet 2012; 3:237. [PMID: 23162569 PMCID: PMC3499806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Onset of depressive symptoms after the age of 65, or late-life depression (LLD), is common and poses a significant burden on affected individuals, caretakers, and society. Evidence suggests a unique biological basis for LLD, but current hypotheses do not account for its pathophysiological complexity. Here we propose a novel etiological framework for LLD, the age-by-disease biological interaction hypothesis, based on the observations that the subset of genes that undergoes lifelong progressive changes in expression is restricted to a specific set of biological processes, and that a disproportionate number of these age-dependent genes have been previously and similarly implicated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. The age-by-disease biological interaction hypothesis posits that age-dependent biological processes (i) are “pushed” in LLD-promoting directions by changes in gene expression naturally occurring during brain aging, which (ii) directly contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms of LLD, and (iii) that individual variability in rates of age-dependent changes determines risk or resiliency to develop age-related disorders, including LLD. We review observations supporting this hypothesis, including consistent and specific age-dependent changes in brain gene expression and their overlap with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease pathways. We then review preliminary reports supporting the genetic component of this hypothesis. Other potential biological mediators of age-dependent gene changes are proposed. We speculate that studies examining the relative contribution of these mechanisms to age-dependent changes and related disease mechanisms will not only provide critical information on the biology of normal aging of the human brain, but will inform our understanding of age-dependent diseases, in time fostering the development of new interventions for prevention and treatment of age-dependent diseases, including LLD.
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Jamadar S, Assaf M, Jagannathan K, Anderson K, Pearlson GD. Figural memory performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging activity across the adult lifespan. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:110-27. [PMID: 22901696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in participants (n = 235) aged 17-81 years on a nonverbal recognition memory task, figural memory. Reaction time, error rate, and response bias measures indicated that the youngest and oldest participants were faster, made fewer errors, and showed a more conservative response bias than participants in the median age ranges. Encoding and Recognition phases activated a distributed bilateral network encompassing prefrontal, subcortical, lateral, and medial temporal and occipital regions. Activation during Encoding phase did not correlate with age. During Recognition, task-related activation for correctly identified targets (Hit-Targets) correlated linearly positively with age; nontask related activity correlated negative quadratically with age. During correctly identified distractors (Hit-Distractors) activity in task-related regions correlated positive linearly with age, nontask activity showed positive and negative quadratic relationships with age. Missed-Targets activity did not correlate with age. We concluded that figural memory performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging activity during Recognition but not Encoding was affected both by continued maturation of the brain in the early 20s and compensatory recruitment of additional brain regions during recognition memory in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharna Jamadar
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
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Ren J, Wu YD, Chan JSY, Yan JH. Cognitive aging affects motor performance and learning. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:19-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stocchetti N, Paternò R, Citerio G, Beretta L, Colombo A. Traumatic brain injury in an aging population. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:1119-25. [PMID: 22220762 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is changing in several Western countries, with an increasing proportion of elderly TBI patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We describe a series of 1366 adult patients admitted to three neuro-ICUs in which 44% of cases were 50 years of age or older. The health status before trauma (rated using the APACHE score) was worse in older patients. In all 604 patients had emergency removal of intracranial masses, with extradural hematomas more frequent in young cases and subdural hematomas more frequent in older patients. Outcomes were classified according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 6 months post-trauma, as favorable (GOS score 4-5), or unfavorable (GOS score 1-3). Favorable outcomes were achieved by 50% of patients, but the proportions of unfavorable outcomes rose with age. Mortality was the main cause of unfavorable outcomes 6 months after injury in older patients. Logistic regression analysis indicates that several parameters independently contributed to outcome, including the motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), pupils, CT findings, and early hypotension. Additionally, the odds ratios were very high for age and health status before TBI. Patients admitted to the ICU are increasingly older, have co-morbidities, and have specific types of intracranial lesions. Early rescue, surgical treatment, and intensive care of these patients may produce excellent results up to the age of 59 years, with favorable outcomes still possible for 39% of cases aged 60-69 years, without an excessive burden of severely disabled patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Stocchetti
- University of Milan, NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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