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Ramírez-Armas RM, Garza-Veloz I, Olivas-Chávez JC, Covarrubias-Carrillo RM, Martínez-Vázquez MC, Monárrez-Espino J, Ayala-Haro AE, Serrano-Amaya CV, Delgado-Enciso I, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML. The S/S Genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (Serotonin-Transporter-Linked Promoter Region) Variant of the SLC6A4 Gene Decreases the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1535. [PMID: 38003850 PMCID: PMC10671924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder characterized by hypertension in the second trimester of pregnancy that results from abnormal placentation affecting fetal development and maternal health. Previous studies have shown the role of serotonin (5-HT) that leads to poor placental perfusion, where S/S and S/L polymorphisms promote the solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4) gene associated with the risk of developing changes in the microvasculature of the placenta. This study looked at the association between the gene variant 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) of the SLC6A4 gene and the occurrence of PE. A total of 200 women were included: 100 cases (pregnant with PE) and 100 controls (pregnant without complications). Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR variant was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between the presence of the genetic variant of interest and PE and other clinical features were evaluated statistically. The frequencies of S/S, S/L, and L/L genotypes were 32%, 53%, and 15% for the cases and 55%, 25%, and 20% in the control group. Compared to the controls, the genotype frequencies S/S vs. S/L + L/L (recessive model) in the cases group were different (p = 0.002). The S/S genotype decreased the probability of PE (OR = 0.39, 95% IC: 0.22-0.69, p = 0.002) and PE with severity criteria (OR = 0.39, 95% IC: 0.17-0.91, p = 0.045). The 5-HTTLPR gene variant of the SLC6A4 gene modifies the risk of PE development among the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mónica Ramírez-Armas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | | | - Rosa Martha Covarrubias-Carrillo
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Maria Calixta Martínez-Vázquez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Joel Monárrez-Espino
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
- Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
| | - Anayantzin E. Ayala-Haro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Claudia Vanessa Serrano-Amaya
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico;
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.M.R.-A.); (I.G.-V.); (R.M.C.-C.); (M.C.M.-V.); (J.M.-E.); (A.E.A.-H.); (C.V.S.-A.)
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Armbruster D, Lesch KP, Strobel A. The long and the short of it: 5-HTTLPR and moral judgement. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114524. [PMID: 37269929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Differences in moral sentiments are widespread. Increasingly, their biological correlates are investigated to elucidate potential sources of divergent moral attitudes and choices. Serotonin is one such potential modulator. We investigated the effects of a functional serotonergic polymorphism, 5-HTTLPR, which was previously linked to moral choices albeit with inconsistent findings. N = 157 healthy young adults completed a set of congruent and incongruent moral dilemmas. In addition to the traditional moral response score, this set allows by using a process dissociation (PD) approach an estimation a deontological and a utilitarian parameter. While there was no main effect of 5-HTTLPR on any of the three moral judgement parameters, there was an interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR and endocrine status on PD parameters, which was mainly due to the deontological but not the utilitarian parameter. In men and free cycling women, LL homozygotes showed reduced deontological tendencies compared to S allele carriers. Contrariwise, in women using oral contraceptives, LL homozygotes had increased deontology parameter scores. Furthermore, LL genotypes in general reported less difficulty in making harmful choices, which were in addition associated with less negative emotions. The findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR might be involved in modulating cognitive and emotional processes contributing to moral decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Armbruster
- Personality Psychology and Assessment, Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Personality and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Masumoto K, Sato K, Harada K, Yamamoto K, Shiozaki M. Emotional valence of self-defining memories in older adults: A longitudinal study. Conscious Cogn 2022; 106:103431. [PMID: 36335808 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the pleasantness bias and fading affect bias in self-defining memories (SDMs) and to examine the relationship between their emotional valence of SDMs and cognitive function and serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) with a prospective longitudinal method. Ninety-two older adults recalled SDMs twice at an interval of one year (T1 and T2). The results showed a pleasantness bias and a fading affect bias in SDMs. The higher the working memory was, the higher the vividness of SDMs and the higher the concordance rate of SDMs between T1 and T2. Meanwhile, cognitive performance had no effect on the emotional valence of SDMs. Additionally, the repeatedly recalled SDMs in the S/S allele carriers of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism changed with a lower negative valence at T2 than at T1. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be a plasticity factor that predicts positive outcomes in positive situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Masumoto
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11, Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11, Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11, Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11, Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Mariko Shiozaki
- Department of Applied Sociology, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502 Japan.
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Jerath R, Beveridge C. Respiratory Rhythm, Autonomic Modulation, and the Spectrum of Emotions: The Future of Emotion Recognition and Modulation. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1980. [PMID: 32922338 PMCID: PMC7457013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ventilation and respiration are considered to be primarily involved in oxygenation of blood for oxygen delivery to cells throughout the body for metabolic purposes. Other pulmonary physiological observations, such as respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Hering Brewer reflex, cardiorespiratory synchronization, and the heart rate variability (HRV) relationship with breathing rhythm, lack complete explanations of physiological/functional significance. The spectrum of waveforms of breathing activity correlate to anxiety, depression, anger, stress, and other positive and negative emotions. Respiratory pattern has been thought not only to be influenced by emotion but to itself influence emotion in a bi-directional relationship between the body and the mind. In order to show how filling in gaps in understanding could lead to certain future developments in mind-body medicine, biofeedback, and personal health monitoring, we review and discuss empirical work and tracings to express the vital role of bodily rhythms in influencing emotion, autonomic nervous system activity, and even general neural activity. Future developments in measurement and psychophysiological understanding of the pattern of breathing in combination with other parameters such as HRV, cardiorespiratory synchronization, and skin conductivity may allow for biometric monitoring systems to one day accurately predict affective state and even affective disorders such as anxiety. Better affective prediction based on recent research when incorporated into personal health monitoring devices could greatly improve public mental health by providing at-home biofeedback for greater understanding of one's mental state and for mind-body affective treatments such as breathing exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Jerath
- Charitable Medical Healthcare Foundation, Augusta, GA, United States
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5
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Does 5-HTTLPR moderate the effect of the quality of environmental context on maternal sensitivity? Testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 30:49-56. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang Y, Wang C, Li X, Yu R, Zhang M, Xue M, Guo W, He L, Gao X, Gong P. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts moral permissibility of impersonal harmful behaviors. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:911-918. [PMID: 31506681 PMCID: PMC6847979 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the roles of serotonin in an emotional aversion to harmful actions, we examined to what extent serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT)–linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a proxy for measuring serotonin function, underpinned the individual differences in moral judgment through cross-sectional analysis and two-wave comparison. The cross-sectional analysis with a larger cohort (N = 1197) showed that the SS carriers of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, corresponding to the low ratio of serotonin recycling from the synaptic cleft, rated impersonal harmful actions (e.g. flipping a switch to divert a train to hit one person instead of five people) as more permissible as compared with the L-allele carriers. The two-wave comparison with a subsample from the larger cohort (N = 563) indicated that the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and moral permissibility of impersonal harmful actions was stable from wave 1 to wave 2. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to harmful moral behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxuan Guo
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Linlin He
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaocai Gao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China.,College of Medicine, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China.,Institute of Population and Health, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
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7
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Vai B, Serretti A, Poletti S, Mascia M, Lorenzi C, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Cortico-limbic functional connectivity mediates the effect of early life stress on suicidality in bipolar depressed 5-HTTLPR*s carriers. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:420-427. [PMID: 31969273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bipolar disorder (BD) the risk of suicide in adult life can be influenced by the interaction of adverse childhood experiences with the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). The cortico-limbic connectivity is a candidate endophenotype for the disorder, also related to suicidality and affected by the 5-HT system. METHODS In 64 (*s carriers = 41; l/l = 23) depressed BD patients, we explored the effect of 5-HTTLPR on corticolimbic functional connectivity (FC) during emotional processing, and the role of FC in moderating/mediating the effect of early stressful events on suicidality among 5-HTTLPR groups, by implementing Generalized Structural Equation Model. RESULTS 5-HTTLPR affects FC between amygdala (Amy) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), temporal pole, putamen/thalamus, and precuneus. The short allele was associated to a more inefficient corticolimbic connectivity. In 5-HTTLPR*s carriers, but not in l/l, the Amy-ACC functional coupling mediated the relationship between stress load and current suicidality. LIMITATIONS Patients were not drug-naive, and the recruitment took place in a single center, thus raising the possibility of population stratifications. The sample size is relatively small, but our findings can provide the background for replication study in independent and larger datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the link between the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to stress in BD, and suggest that cortico-limbic functional connectivity mediates these effects. This pattern could identify a vulnerability factor for the exacerbation of mood episodes after stressful life events particularly relevant in *s carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Vai
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Mascia
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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8
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Pace-Schott EF, Amole MC, Aue T, Balconi M, Bylsma LM, Critchley H, Demaree HA, Friedman BH, Gooding AEK, Gosseries O, Jovanovic T, Kirby LA, Kozlowska K, Laureys S, Lowe L, Magee K, Marin MF, Merner AR, Robinson JL, Smith RC, Spangler DP, Van Overveld M, VanElzakker MB. Physiological feelings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:267-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Phi Van VD, Krause ET, Phi-Van L. Modulation of Fear and Arousal Behavior by Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) Genotypes in Newly Hatched Chickens. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:284. [PMID: 30524254 PMCID: PMC6256247 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) plays a key role in regulating serotonergic transmission via removal of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from synaptic clefts. Alterations in 5-HTT expression and 5-HT transmission have been shown to cause changes to adult behavior including fear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the 5-HTT role in fear in birds at the very early stages of post-hatching life. Using an avoidance test with an elevated balance beam, which was based on depth perception and the respective fear of heights, we assessed fear-related avoidance behaviors of newly hatched chicks of the three functional 5-HTT genotypes W/W, W/D and D/D. Newly hatched chicks of the genotype D/D, which was linked to high 5-HTT expression, showed less intensive avoidance responses as measured by decreased latency to jump than W/W and W/D chicks. Further, significantly fewer D/D hens than W/W hens showed fear-like behavior that resembled a freezing response. Furthermore, in an arousal test the arousal reaction of the chicks in response to an acute short-term visual social deprivation in the home compartment was assessed 5 weeks after hatching, which also revealed that D/D chicks exhibited decreased arousal reaction, compared to W/W chicks. Thus, the results indicate that fear responses differ in D/D chicks in the early post-hatching periods, possibly due to the different expression of 5-HTT respectively 5-HT levels in this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie D Phi Van
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Tobias Krause
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Celle, Germany
| | - Loc Phi-Van
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Celle, Germany
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10
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Servaas MN, Geerligs L, Bastiaansen JA, Renken RJ, Marsman JBC, Nolte IM, Ormel J, Aleman A, Riese H. Associations between genetic risk, functional brain network organization and neuroticism. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1581-1591. [PMID: 27743374 PMCID: PMC5707236 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism and genetic variation in the serotonin-transporter (SLC6A4) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene are risk factors for psychopathology. Alterations in the functional integration and segregation of neural circuits have recently been found in individuals scoring higher on neuroticism. The aim of the current study was to investigate how genetic risk factors impact functional network organization and whether genetic risk factors moderate the association between neuroticism and functional network organization. We applied graph theory analysis on resting-state fMRI data in a sample of 120 women selected based on their neuroticism score, and genotyped two polymorphisms: 5-HTTLPR (S-carriers and L-homozygotes) and COMT (rs4680-rs165599; COMT risk group and COMT non-risk group). For the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, we found that subnetworks related to cognitive control show less connections with other subnetworks in S-carriers compared to L-homozygotes. The COMT polymorphism moderated the association between neuroticism and functional network organization. We found that neuroticism was associated with lower efficiency coefficients in visual and somatosensory-motor subnetworks in the COMT risk group compared to the COMT non-risk group. The findings of altered topology of specific subnetworks point to different cognitive-emotional processes that may be affected in relation to the genetic risk factors, concerning emotion regulation in S-carriers (5-HTTLPR) and emotional salience processing in COMT risk carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Servaas
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Linda Geerligs
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Jojanneke A Bastiaansen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2, 9712, TS, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Gao X, Liu J, Gong P, Wang J, Fang W, Yan H, Zhu L, Zhou X. Identifying new susceptibility genes on dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways for the framing effect in decision-making. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1534-1544. [PMID: 28431168 PMCID: PMC5629826 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The framing effect refers the tendency to be risk-averse when options are presented positively but be risk-seeking when the same options are presented negatively during decision-making. This effect has been found to be modulated by the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT) polymorphisms, which are on the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways and which are associated with affective processing. The current study aimed to identify new genetic variations of genes on dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways that may contribute to individual differences in the susceptibility to framing. Using genome-wide association data and the gene-based principal components regression method, we examined genetic variations of 26 genes on the pathways in 1317 Chinese Han participants. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the genetic variations of the SLC6A4 gene and the COMT gene were associated with the framing effect. More importantly, we demonstrated that the genetic variations of the aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) gene, which is involved in the synthesis of both dopamine and serotonin, contributed to individual differences in the susceptibility to framing. Our findings shed light on the understanding of the genetic basis of affective decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Gao
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research.,Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Research Institute of Educational Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Wan Fang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,School of Life Sciences
| | - Hongming Yan
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,School of Life Sciences
| | - Lusha Zhu
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Klucken T, Tapia León I, Blecker C, Kruse O, Stalder T, Stark R. Failure to Replicate the Association Between Fractional Anisotropy and the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531). Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:80. [PMID: 29760654 PMCID: PMC5937012 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work underlines the importance of alterations in white matter (e.g., measured by fractional anisotropy (FA)) as a neural vulnerability marker for psychiatric disorders. In this context, the uncinate fasciculus (UF), which connects the limbic system with prefrontal areas, has repeatedly been linked to psychiatric disorders, fear processing, and anxiety-related traits. Individual differences in FA may partly be genetically determined. Variation in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) is a particularly promising candidate in this context, which has been linked to psychiatric disorders as well as to limbic and prefrontal reactivity. However, findings on the association between the 5-HTTLPR and FA within the UF-tract have been heterogeneous. The present study investigated this relationship and extended previous work by considering different genetic classification approaches as well as sex effects in a human sample (n = 114). All participants were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and the rs25531 polymorphism. As a main result, we did not find any significant relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and FA in the UF-tract although power analyses showed an adequate power. In addition, genotype effects were neither found when different classification approaches were used nor when analyses were carried out in males or females only. The present findings suggest that the association of the 5-HTTLPR and FA seems to be a more labile phenomenon than previously assumed. Possible explanations and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Klucken
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tim Klucken
| | - Isabell Tapia León
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlo Blecker
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Onno Kruse
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Sacchinelli E, Piras F, Orfei MD, Banaj N, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G, Bossù P. IL-18 Serum Levels and Variants of the Serotonin Transporter Gene Are Related to Awareness of Emotions in Healthy Subjects: A Preliminary Study. Neuroimmunomodulation 2018; 25:129-137. [PMID: 30326484 DOI: 10.1159/000492030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interaction between the nervous and immune systems may influence emotions, ultimately affecting human health. Cytokines may play a role in developing emotional dysregulation as in alexithymia, a personality construct characterized by the subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions, often associated with several psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-18, with a recognized role in brain functions, may influence serotonin metabolism and appears to be associated with alexithymia. Healthy individuals carrying the long allele (L) of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), and thus having lower concentrations of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, show a greater tendency toward alexithymia, with some gender differences. To explore a potential physiological interaction between IL-18, serotonin neurotransmission, and alexithymia, we investigated whether IL-18 serum levels and 5-HTTLPR are linked to alexithymic traits in healthy subjects. METHODS We measured IL-18 serum levels in 115 Italian-Caucasian healthy subjects genotyped for 5-HTTLPR allele variants, divided by gender and assessed for alexithymia scores using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. RESULTS IL-18 levels are significantly more elevated in individuals with the LL genotype (n = 25) than in carriers of the short allele (n = 90, p = 0.0073). Specifically, in LL males (n = 11), i.e., the group with the most relevant increase in IL-18, cytokine values positively correlated with difficulty identifying feelings, which is a component of alexithymia (r = 0.634, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a possible novel interaction between IL-18 and the serotoninergic system to mediate emotional unawareness, suggesting putative biological predictors of emotional dysregulation, which in turn can act as a risk factor for a variety of medical conditions in susceptible subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salani
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Klein M, Onnink M, van Donkelaar M, Wolfers T, Harich B, Shi Y, Dammers J, Arias-Vásquez A, Hoogman M, Franke B. Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:115-155. [PMID: 28159610 PMCID: PMC6947924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and often persistent neurodevelopmental disorder. Beyond gene-finding, neurobiological parameters, such as brain structure, connectivity, and function, have been used to link genetic variation to ADHD symptomatology. We performed a systematic review of brain imaging genetics studies involving 62 ADHD candidate genes in childhood and adult ADHD cohorts. Fifty-one eligible research articles described studies of 13 ADHD candidate genes. Almost exclusively, single genetic variants were studied, mostly focussing on dopamine-related genes. While promising results have been reported, imaging genetics studies are thus far hampered by methodological differences in study design and analysis methodology, as well as limited sample sizes. Beyond reviewing imaging genetics studies, we also discuss the need for complementary approaches at multiple levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating findings across levels for a better understanding of biological pathways from gene to disease. These may include multi-modal imaging genetics studies, bioinformatic analyses, and functional analyses of cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Dammers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Rabinowitz JA, Drabick DA. Do children fare for better and for worse? Associations among child features and parenting with child competence and symptoms. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Pereira LP, Köhler CA, de Sousa RT, Solmi M, de Freitas BP, Fornaro M, Machado-Vieira R, Miskowiak KW, Vieta E, Veronese N, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF. The relationship between genetic risk variants with brain structure and function in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of genetic-neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:87-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Inflammatory transcription factors as activation markers and functional readouts in immune-to-brain communication. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 54:1-14. [PMID: 26348582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-to-brain communication pathways involve humoral mediators, including cytokines, central modulation by neuronal afferents and immune cell trafficking to the brain. During systemic inflammation these pathways contribute to mediating brain-controlled sickness symptoms including fever. Experimentally, activation of these signaling pathways can be mimicked and studied when injecting animals with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). One central component of the brain inflammatory response, which leads, for example, to fever induction, is transcriptional activation of brain cells via cytokines and PAMPS. We and others have studied the spatiotemporal activation and the physiological significance of transcription factors for the induction of inflammation within the brain and the manifestation of fever. Evidence has revealed a role of nuclear factor (NF)κB in the initiation, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 in the maintenance and NF-interleukin (IL)6 in the maintenance or even termination of brain-inflammation and fever. Moreover, psychological stressors, such as exposure to a novel environment, leads to increased body core temperature and genomic NF-IL6-activation, suggesting a potential use of NF-IL6-immunohistochemistry as a multimodal brain cell activation marker and a role for NF-IL6 for differential brain activity. In addition, the nutritional status, as reflected by circulating levels of the cytokine-like hormone leptin, influence immune-to-brain communication and age-dependent changes in LPS-induced fever. Overall, transcription factors remain therapeutically important targets for the treatment of brain-inflammation and fever induction during infectious/non-infectious inflammatory and psychological stress. However, the exact physiological role and significance of these transcription factors requires to be further investigated.
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19
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Munk AJL, Hermann A, El Shazly J, Grant P, Hennig J. The Idea Is Good, but…: Failure to Replicate Associations of Oxytocinergic Polymorphisms with Face-Inversion in the N170. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151991. [PMID: 27015428 PMCID: PMC4807783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In event-related potentials, the N170 manifests itself especially in reaction to faces. In the healthy population, face-inversion leads to stronger negative amplitudes and prolonged latencies of the N170, effects not being present in patients with autism-spectrum-disorder (ASD). ASD has frequently been associated with differences in oxytocinergic neurotransmission. This ERP-study aimed to investigate the face-inversion effect in association with oxytocinergic candidate genes. It was expected that risk-allele-carriers of the oxytocin-receptor-gene-polymorphism (rs53576) and of CD38 (rs379863) responded similar to upright and inverted faces as persons with ASD. Additionally, reactions to different facial emotional expressions were studied. As there have been difficulties with replications of those molecular genetic association studies, we aimed to replicate our findings in a second study. METHOD Seventy-two male subjects in the first-, and seventy-eight young male subjects in the replication-study conducted a face-inversion-paradigm, while recording EEG. DNA was extracted from buccal cells. RESULTS Results revealed stronger N170-amplitudes and longer latencies in reaction to inverted faces in comparison to upright ones. Furthermore, effects of emotion on N170 were evident. Those effects were present in the first and in the second study. Whereas we found molecular-genetic associations of oxytocinergic polymorphisms with the N170 in the first study, we failed to do so in the replication sample. CONCLUSION Results indicate that a deeper theoretical understanding of this research-field is needed, in order to generate possible explanations for these findings. Results, furthermore, support the hypotheses that success of reproducibility is correlated with strength of lower original p-values and larger effect sizes in the original study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha J. L. Munk
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Psychology, Personality and Biological Psychology, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermann
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Psychology, Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jasmin El Shazly
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Am Steg 28, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Psychology, Personality and Biological Psychology, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Psychology, Personality and Biological Psychology, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, 35394 Giessen, Germany
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20
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Kohen R, Tracy JH, Haugen E, Cain KC, Jarrett ME, Heitkemper MM. Rare Variants of the Serotonin Transporter Are Associated With Psychiatric Comorbidity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:394-400. [PMID: 26912503 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416633296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in serotonin signaling are suspected in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). By modulating the extracellular reuptake of serotonin, the serotonin transporter (SERT) acts as a key regulator of the bioavailability of serotonin. This study is the first to investigate the impact of rare SERT variants (i.e., those with a minor allele frequency of < 1%) on the risk for IBS, gastrointestinal (GI) symptom level, response to cognitive-behavioral treatment, and psychiatric comorbidity. We sequenced a 0.19 megabase chromosomal stretch containing the SERT gene and surrounding regions in a community sample of 304 IBS patients and 83 controls. We found no significant associations between rare variants in and around the SERT gene and IBS risk, GI symptom profile, or response to treatment. We found preliminary evidence, however, that IBS subjects with a history of either depression or anxiety were significantly more likely to carry multiple rare likely functional variant alleles than IBS patients without psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia H Tracy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Haugen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin C Cain
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monica E Jarrett
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret M Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Yokoyama JS, Bonham LW, Sturm VE, Adhimoolam B, Karydas A, Coppola G, Miller BL, Rankin KP. The 5-HTTLPR variant in the serotonin transporter gene modifies degeneration of brain regions important for emotion in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:283-90. [PMID: 26509115 PMCID: PMC4576414 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) short allele (5-HTTLPR-s) has been associated with differential susceptibility for anxiety and depression in multiple psychiatric disorders. 5-HTTLPR-s modifies the serotonergic systems that support emotion and behavioral regulation by reducing gene expression, which slows the reuptake of serotonin, and is associated with distinct morphological and functional effects. Serotonergic systems are also shown to be dysfunctional in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a disease characterized by marked socioemotional dysfunction. However, studies of 5-HTTLPR-s effects in bvFTD have been inconsistent. Our objective was to investigate the patterns of gray matter volume by 5-HTTLPR-s genotype in both healthy older controls and bvFTD patients. We performed voxel-based morphometry of 179 cognitively normal older adults and 24 bvFTD cases to determine brain changes associated with dose (0/1/2) of 5-HTTLPR-s allele. 5-HTTLPR-s frequency did not differ between controls and bvFTD. We found a significant interaction effect whereby carrying more 5-HTTLPR-s alleles in bvFTD was associated with smaller volume in left inferior frontal gyrus (T = 4.86, PFWE = 0.03) and larger volume in right temporal lobe (T = 5.01, PFWE = 0.01). These results suggest that the 5-HTTLPR-s allele differentially influences brain morphology in bvFTD. We propose that patients with bvFTD and 5-HTTLPR-s have altered volumes in regions that support socioemotional behavior, which may be a developmental or disease-related compensation for altered serotonergic activity. 5-HTTLPR-s correlates with greater right medial temporal lobe (R MTL) volume in FTD. 5-HTTLPR-s correlates with lower left inferior frontal gyrus (L IFG) volume in FTD. R MTL and L IFG volumes are associated with neuropsychiatric symptom severity. 5-HTTLPR-s effects on R MTL and L IFG volumes occur independently of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Babu Adhimoolam
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Schneiders J, Fuchs F, Damm J, Herden C, Gerstberger R, Soares DM, Roth J, Rummel C. The transcription factor nuclear factor interleukin 6 mediates pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during LPS-induced systemic inflammation in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:147-64. [PMID: 25813145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor interleukin 6 (NF-IL6) plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and, as we previously suggested, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis-activation. Here, we investigated its contribution to immune-to-brain communication and brain controlled sickness symptoms during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced (50 or 2500 μg/kg i.p.) systemic inflammation in NF-IL6-deficient (KO) or wildtype mice (WT). In WT LPS induced a dose-dependent febrile response and reduction of locomotor activity. While KO developed a normal fever after low-dose LPS-injection the febrile response was almost abolished 3-7 h after a high LPS-dose. High-dose LPS-stimulation was accompanied by decreased (8 h) followed by enhanced (24 h) inflammation in KO compared to WT e.g. hypothalamic mRNA-expression including microsomal prostaglandin E synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and further inflammatory mediators, neutrophil recruitment to the brain as well as plasma levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and IL-10. Interestingly, KO showed reduced locomotor activity even under basal conditions, but enhanced locomotor activity to novel environment stress. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis-activity of KO was intact, but tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes were shifted to enhanced serotonin production and reuptake. Overall, we showed for the first time that NF-IL6 plays a dual role for sickness response and immune-to-brain communication: acting pro-inflammatory at 8h but anti-inflammatory at 24 h after onset of the inflammatory response reflecting active natural programming of inflammation. Moreover, reduced locomotor activity observed in KO might be due to altered tryptophan metabolism and serotonin reuptake suggesting some role for NF-IL6 as therapeutic target for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Schneiders
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fuchs
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jelena Damm
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Denis Melo Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Klucken T, Schweckendiek J, Blecker C, Walter B, Kuepper Y, Hennig J, Stark R. The association between the 5-HTTLPR and neural correlates of fear conditioning and connectivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:700-7. [PMID: 25140050 PMCID: PMC4420749 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence links the 5-HTTLPR genotype to the modulation of amygdala reactivity during fear conditioning, which is considered to convey the increased vulnerability for anxiety disorders in s-allele carriers. In addition to amygdala reactivity, the 5-HTTLPR has been shown to be related to alterations in structural and effective connectivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype on amygdala reactivity and effective connectivity during fear conditioning, as well as structural connectivity [as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)]. To integrate different classification strategies, we used the bi-allelic (s-allele vs l/l-allele group) as well as the tri-allelic (low-functioning vs high-functioning) classification approach. S-allele carriers showed exaggerated amygdala reactivity and elevated amygdala-insula coupling during fear conditioning (CS + > CS-) compared with the l/l-allele group. In addition, DTI analysis showed increased fractional anisotropy values in s-allele carriers within the uncinate fasciculus. Using the tri-allelic classification approach, increased amygdala reactivity and amygdala insula coupling were observed in the low-functioning compared with the high-functioning group. No significant differences between the two groups were found in structural connectivity. The present results add to the current debate on the influence of the 5-HTTLPR on brain functioning. These differences between s-allele and l/l-allele carriers may contribute to altered vulnerability for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Klucken
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Schweckendiek
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlo Blecker
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bertram Walter
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kuepper
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Hennig
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, and Department of Personality Psychology and Individual Differences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zhang L, Liu L, Li X, Song Y, Liu J. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) influences trait anxiety by modulating the functional connectivity between the amygdala and insula in Han Chinese males. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2732-42. [PMID: 25833281 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional polymorphism (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) in the promoter region of human serotonin transporter gene has been found to be associated with several dimensions of neuroticism and psychopathology, especially anxiety. However, the neural basis underlying the association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety is less clear. Here, we explored how 5-HTTLPR influenced anxiety by modulating the spontaneous brain activities in Han Chinese. First, we found an association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety only in the male and not in the female population, where male S/S homozygotes had a significantly higher level of anxiety than male L allele carriers. Then, we examined how 5-HTTLPR influenced anxiety at both regional and network levels in the brain at rest. At the regional level, we found a significantly higher fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the amygdala in male S/S homozygotes relative to male L allele carriers. At the network level, male S/S homozygotes showed a weaker resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the amygdala and various regions, including the insula, Heschl's gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and hippocampus, and a stronger RSFC between the amygdala and various regions, including the supramariginal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. However, at both levels, only was the amygdala-insula RSFC correlated with anxiety. Mediation analyses further revealed that the amygdala-insula RSFC mediated the association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety. In short, our study provided the first empirical evidence that the amygdala-insula RSFC served as the neural basis underlying the association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety, suggesting a potential neurogenetic susceptibility mechanism for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,School of psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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25
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Cleveland HH, Schlomer GL, Vandenbergh DJ, Feinberg M, Greenberg M, Spoth R, Redmond C, Shriver MD, Zaidi AA, Hair KL. The conditioning of intervention effects on early adolescent alcohol use by maternal involvement and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genetic variants. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:51-67. [PMID: 25640830 PMCID: PMC4450765 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Data drawn from the in-home subsample of the PROSPER intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate the moderation of intervention effects on underage alcohol use by maternal involvement and candidate genes. The primary gene examined was dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4). Variation in this gene and maternal involvement were hypothesized to moderate the influence of intervention status on alcohol use. The PROSPER data used were drawn from 28 communities randomly assigned to intervention or comparison conditions. Participating youth were assessed in five in-home interviews from sixth to ninth grades. A main effect of sixth-grade pretest maternal involvement on ninth-grade alcohol use was found. Neither intervention status nor DRD4 variation was unconditionally linked to ninth-grade drinking. However, moderation analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction among DRD4 status, maternal involvement, and intervention condition. Follow-up analyses revealed that prevention reduced drinking risk, but only for youth with at least one DRD4 seven-repeat allele who reported average or greater pretest levels of maternal involvement. To determine if this conditional pattern was limited to the DRD4 gene, we repeated analyses using the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region site near the serotonin transporter gene. The results for this supplemental analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction similar but not identical to that found for DRD4.
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26
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Chmielewski WX, Beste C. Action control processes in autism spectrum disorder – Insights from a neurobiological and neuroanatomical perspective. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 124:49-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Serotonin transporter polymorphisms predict response inhibition in healthy volunteers. Neurosci Lett 2014; 584:109-12. [PMID: 25451724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotoninergic transmission is reliably implicated in inhibitory control processes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis if serotonin transporter polymorphisms mediate inhibitory control in healthy people. 141 healthy subjects, carefully screened for previous and current psychopathology, were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 polymorphisms. Inhibitory control was ascertained with the Stop Signal Task (SST) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The triallelic gene model, reclassified and presented in a biallelic functional model, revealed a dose-dependent gene effect on SST performance with Individuals carrying the low expressive allele had inferior inhibitory control compared to high expressive carriers. This directly implicates serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR plus rs25531) in response inhibition in healthy subjects.
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28
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Munro CL. Individual genetic and genomic variation: a new opportunity for personalized nursing interventions. J Adv Nurs 2014; 71:35-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L. Munro
- University of South Florida College of Nursing; Tampa Florida USA
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