1
|
Lee J, Huh S, Park K, Kang N, Yu HS, Park HG, Kim YS, Kang UG, Won S, Kim SH. Behavioral and transcriptional effects of repeated electroconvulsive seizures in the neonatal MK-801-treated rat model of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:817-832. [PMID: 38081977 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment modality for schizophrenia. However, its antipsychotic-like mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the antipsychotic-like actions of ECT, this study investigated how repeated treatments of electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), an animal model for ECT, affect the behavioral and transcriptomic profile of a neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia. METHODS Two injections of MK-801 or saline were administered to rats on postnatal day 7 (PN7), and either repeated ECS treatments (E10X) or sham shock was conducted daily from PN50 to PN59. Ultimately, the rats were divided into vehicle/sham (V/S), MK-801/sham (M/S), vehicle/ECS (V/E), and MK-801/ECS (M/E) groups. On PN59, prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity were tested. Prefrontal cortex transcriptomes were analyzed with mRNA sequencing and network and pathway analyses, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were subsequently conducted. RESULTS Prepulse inhibition deficit was induced by MK-801 and normalized by E10X. In M/S vs. M/E model, Egr1, Mmp9, and S100a6 were identified as center genes, and interleukin-17 (IL-17), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were identified as the three most relevant pathways. In the V/E vs. V/S model, mitophagy, NF-κB, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pathways were identified. qPCR analyses demonstrated that Igfbp6, Btf3, Cox6a2, and H2az1 were downregulated in M/S and upregulated in M/E. CONCLUSIONS E10X reverses the behavioral changes induced by MK-801 and produces transcriptional changes in inflammatory, insulin, and mitophagy pathways, which provide mechanistic insight into the antipsychotic-like mechanism of ECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoo Huh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtaek Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuree Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- RexSoft Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Markina AA, Kazanskaya RB, Timoshina JA, Zavialov VA, Abaimov DA, Volnova AB, Fedorova TN, Gainetdinov RR, Lopachev AV. Na +,K +-ATPase and Cardiotonic Steroids in Models of Dopaminergic System Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1820. [PMID: 37509460 PMCID: PMC10377002 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, enough evidence has accumulated to assert that cardiotonic steroids, Na+,K+-ATPase ligands, play an integral role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body. However, little is known about the function of these compounds in the central nervous system. Endogenous cardiotonic steroids are involved in the pathogenesis of affective disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder, which are linked to dopaminergic system dysfunction. Animal models have shown that the cardiotonic steroid ouabain induces mania-like behavior through dopamine-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, mutations in the alpha subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase lead to the development of neurological pathologies. Evidence from animal models confirms the neurological consequences of mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit. This review is dedicated to discussing the role of cardiotonic steroids and Na+,K+-ATPase in dopaminergic system pathologies-both the evidence supporting their involvement and potential pathways along which they may exert their effects are evaluated. Since there is an association between affective disorders accompanied by functional alterations in the dopaminergic system and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, we extend our discussion to the role of Na+,K+-ATPase and cardiotonic steroids in neurodegenerative diseases as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A Markina
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rogneda B Kazanskaya
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia A Timoshina
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav A Zavialov
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis A Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B Volnova
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Fedorova
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg University Hospital, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Lopachev
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Ahosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huh S, Yu HS, Kang N, Ahn YM, Kim YS, Kim SH. Electroconvulsive Seizure Normalizes Motor Deficits and Induces Autophagy Signaling in the MPTP-Induced Parkinson Disease Mouse Model. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:273-283. [PMID: 36990671 PMCID: PMC10064206 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is a potent treatment modality for various neuropsychiatric diseases, including Parkinson disease (PD). Recent animal studies showed that repeated ECS activates autophagy signaling, the impairment of which is known to be involved in PD. However, the effectiveness of ECS on PD and its therapeutic mechanisms have not yet been investigated in detail. METHODS Systemic injection of a neurotoxin 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), which destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc), in mice was utilized to induce an animal model of PD. Mice were treated with ECS 3 times per week for 2 weeks. Behavioral changes were measured with a rotarod test. Molecular changes related to autophagy signaling in midbrain including SNc, striatum, and prefrontal cortex were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analyses. RESULTS Repeated ECS treatments normalized the motor deficits and the loss of dopamiergic neurons in SNc of the MPTP PD mouse model. In the mouse model, LC3-II, an autophagy marker, was increased in midbrain while decreased in prefrontal cortex, both of which were reversed by repeated ECS treatments. In the prefrontal cortex, ECS-induced LC3-II increase was accompanied with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Unc-51-like kinase 1-Beclin1 pathway activation and inhibition of mamalian target of rapamycin signaling which promotes autophagy initiation. CONCLUSION The findings revealed the therapeutic effects of repeated ECS treatments on PD, which could be attributed to the neuroprotective effect of ECS mediated by AMPK-autophagy signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghoo Huh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuree Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lactoferrin alleviates spermatogenesis dysfunction caused by bisphenol A and cadmium via ameliorating disordered autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1048-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Lee JG, Woo YS, Park SW, Seog DH, Seo MK, Bahk WM. Neuromolecular Etiology of Bipolar Disorder: Possible Therapeutic Targets of Mood Stabilizers. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:228-239. [PMID: 35466094 PMCID: PMC9048001 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes extreme mood swings and has a chronic course. However, the mechanism by which mood episodes with completely opposite characteristics appear repeatedly, or a mixture of symptoms appears, in patients with bipolar disorder remains unknown. Therefore, mood stabilizers are indicated only for single mood episodes, such as manic episodes and depressive episodes, and no true mood-stabilizing drugs effective for treating both manic and depressive episodes currently exist. Therefore, in this review, therapeutic targets that facilitate the development of mood stabilizers were examined by reviewing the current understanding of the neuromolecular etiology of bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Goo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Seog
- Department of Biochemistry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El-Mallakh RS, Sampath VP, Horesh N, Lichtstein D. Endogenous Cardiac Steroids in Bipolar Disorder: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031846. [PMID: 35163766 PMCID: PMC8836531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness with a poor prognosis and problematic, suboptimal, treatments. Treatments, borne of an understanding of the pathoetiologic mechanisms, need to be developed in order to improve outcomes. Dysregulation of cationic homeostasis is the most reproducible aspect of BD pathophysiology. Correction of ionic balance is the universal mechanism of action of all mood stabilizing medications. Endogenous sodium pump modulators (collectively known as endogenous cardiac steroids, ECS) are steroids which are synthesized in and released from the adrenal gland and brain. These compounds, by activating or inhibiting Na+, K+-ATPase activity and activating intracellular signaling cascades, have numerous effects on cell survival, vascular tone homeostasis, inflammation, and neuronal activity. For the past twenty years we have addressed the hypothesis that the Na+, K+-ATPase-ECS system may be involved in the etiology of BD. This is a focused review that presents a comprehensive model pertaining to the role of ECS in the etiology of BD. We propose that alterations in ECS metabolism in the brain cause numerous biochemical changes that underlie brain dysfunction and mood symptoms. This is based on both animal models and translational human results. There are data that demonstrate that excess ECS induce abnormal mood and activity in animals, while a specific removal of ECS with antibodies normalizes mood. There are also data indicating that circulating levels of ECS are lower in manic individuals, and that patients with BD are unable to upregulate synthesis of ECS under conditions that increase their elaboration in non-psychiatric controls. There is strong evidence for the involvement of ion dysregulation and ECS function in bipolar illness. Additional research is required to fully characterize these abnormalities and define future clinical directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rif S. El-Mallakh
- Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Correspondence: (R.S.E.-M.); (D.L.)
| | - Vishnu Priya Sampath
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (V.P.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Noa Horesh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (V.P.S.); (N.H.)
| | - David Lichtstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (V.P.S.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.E.-M.); (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SH, Yu HS, Huh S, Kang UG, Kim YS. Electroconvulsive seizure inhibits the mTOR signaling pathway via AMPK in the rat frontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:443-454. [PMID: 34716784 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accumulating evidence indicates critical involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the treatment of depressive disorders, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders through its signal transduction mechanisms related to protein translation, autophagy, and synaptic remodeling. Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) treatment is a potent antidepressive, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective therapeutic modality; however, its effects on mTOR signaling have not yet been clarified. METHODS The effect of ECS on the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was investigated in the rat frontal cortex. ECS or sham treatment was administered once per day for 10 days (E10X or sham), and compound C was administered through the intracerebroventricular cannula. Changes in mTORC1-associated signaling molecules and their interactions were analyzed. RESULTS E10X reduced phosphorylation of mTOR downstream substrates, including p70S6K, S6, and 4E-BP1, and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of mTOR at Thr2446 compared to the sham group in the rat frontal cortex, indicating E10X-induced inhibition of mTORC1 activity. Akt and ERK1/2, upstream kinases that activate mTORC1, were not inhibited; however, AMPK, which can inhibit mTORC1, was activated. AMPK-responsive phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser792 and TSC2 at Ser1387 inhibiting mTORC1 was increased by E10X. Moreover, intrabrain inhibition of AMPK restored E10X-induced changes in the phosphorylation of S6, Raptor, and TSC2, indicating mediation of AMPK in E10X-induced mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Repeated ECS treatments inhibit mTORC1 signaling by interactive crosstalk between mTOR and AMPK pathways, which could play important roles in the action of ECS via autophagy induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Sook Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoo Huh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, NowonEulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin EJ, Nguyen BT, Jeong JH, Hoai Nguyen BC, Tran NKC, Sharma N, Kim DJ, Nah SY, Lichtstein D, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Ouabain inhibitor rostafuroxin attenuates dextromethorphan-induced manic potential. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112657. [PMID: 34740715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DM) abuse produces mania-like symptoms in humans. ERK/Akt signaling activation involved in manic potential can be attenuated by the inhibition of ouabain-like cardiac steroids. In this study, increased phosphorylations of ERK/Akt and hyperlocomotion induced by DM (30 mg/kg, i.p./day × 7) were significantly protected by the ouabain inhibitor rostafuroxin (ROSTA), suggesting that DM induces the manic potential. ROSTA significantly attenuated DM-induced protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) phosphorylation, GluN2B (i.e., MDA receptor subunit) expression, and phospho-PKCδ/GluN2B interaction. DM instantly upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent system. However, DM reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2 DNA binding activity, γ-glutamylcysteine mRNA expression, and subsequent GSH/GSSG level and enhanced oxidative parameters following 1-h of administration. ROSTA, PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin, and GluN2B inhibitor traxoprodil significantly attenuated DM-induced alterations in Nrf2-related redox parameters and locomotor activity induced by DM in wild-type mice. Importantly, in PKCδ knockout mice, DM failed to alter the above parameters. Further, ROSTA and traxoprodil also failed to enhance PKCδ depletion effect, suggesting that PKCδ is a critical target for the anti-manic potential of ROSTA or GluN2B antagonism. Our results suggest that ROSTA inhibits DM-induced manic potential by attenuating ERK/Akt activation, GluN2B/PKCδ signalings, and Nrf2-dependent system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao-Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bao-Chau Hoai Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Kim Cuong Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - David Lichtstein
- Walter and Greta Stiel Chair in Heart Studies, Dean, Faculty of Medicine 2013-2017, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kukula O, Çiçekli MN, Şafak S, Günaydın C. Role of TRPV1 channels on glycogen synthase kinase-3β and oxidative stress in ouabain-induced bipolar disease. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:338-348. [PMID: 34304690 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1955928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifactorial chronic and refractory disease characterized by manic, depressive, and mixed mood episodes. Although epidemiological, and pathophysiological studies demonstrated a strong correlation between bipolar disorder and oxidative stress, precise etiology is still missing. Recent studies suggested the possible role of transient receptor potential channels (TRP) in the BD but, current knowledge is limited. Therefore, the current study investigates the possible role of TRPV1 in the ouabain-induced model of BD. The model was created with intracerebroventricular single dose ouabain (10-3 M) administration. Animals were treated with capsaicin, capsazepine, and lithium for seven days. Mania and depressive-like states were investigated with open-field, sucrose preference, and elevated plus maze tests. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring total antioxidant and oxidant states, spectrophotometrically. The phosphorylation Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) evaluated by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that capsaicin dose-dependently inhibited the ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion and depression. Although capsazepine exacerbated behavioral impairment, it did not show a significant effect on the antioxidant and oxidant states, and the effects of capsazepine on behaviors were abolished by combination with capsaicin. Additionally, capsaicin potently prevented the ouabain-induced decrease in GSK-3β phosphorylation. In contrast, capsazepine potentiated ouabain-induced decrease in GSK-3β phosphorylation and combination with capsaicin, suppressed the effect of capsazepine on GSK-3β phosphorylation. The effects of TRPV1 activation on oxidative stress and mania-like behaviors in the ouabain-induced BD model might be regulated by GSK-3β phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Kukula
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nusret Çiçekli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinan Şafak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Caner Günaydın
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim SH, Yu HS, Park S, Park HG, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Kim YS. Electroconvulsive Seizures Induce Autophagy by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway in the Rat Frontal Cortex. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:42-52. [PMID: 31678999 PMCID: PMC7442404 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain how electroconvulsive therapy-induced generalized seizures exert their potent therapeutic effects on various neuropsychiatric disorders. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a major role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and activates autophagic processes via unc-51-like kinase (ULK1). Evidence supports the involvement of autophagy system in the action mechanisms of antidepressants and antipsychotics. The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on autophagy-related signaling requires further clarification. METHODS The effect of electroconvulsive seizure on autophagy and its association with the AMPK signaling pathway were investigated in the rat frontal cortex. Electroconvulsive seizure was provided once per day for 10 days (E10X), and compound C or 3-methyadenine was administered through an intracerebroventricular cannula. Molecular changes were analyzed with immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. RESULTS E10X increased p-Thr172-AMPKα immunoreactivity in rat frontal cortex neurons. E10X increased phosphorylation of upstream effectors of AMPK, such as LKB1, CaMKK, and TAK1, and of its substrates, ACC, HMGR, and GABABR2. E10X also increased p-Ser317-ULK1 immunoreactivity. At the same time, LC3-II and ATG5-ATG12 conjugate immunoreactivity increased, indicating activation of autophagy. An intracerebroventricular injection of the AMPK inhibitor compound C attenuated the electroconvulsive seizure-induced increase in ULK1 phosphorylation as well as the protein levels of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 conjugate. Transmission electron microscopy clearly showed an increased number of autophagosomes in the rat frontal cortex after E10X, which was reduced by intracerebroventricular treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyadenine and compound C. CONCLUSIONS Repeated electroconvulsive seizure treatments activated in vivo autophagy in the rat frontal cortex through the AMPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Blaustein MP, Hamlyn JM. Ouabain, endogenous ouabain and ouabain-like factors: The Na + pump/ouabain receptor, its linkage to NCX, and its myriad functions. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102159. [PMID: 31986323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review we discuss some aspects of the Na+ pump and its roles in mediating the effects of ouabain and endogenous ouabain (EO): i) in regulating the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]CYT) via Na/Ca exchange (NCX), and ii) in activating a number of protein kinase (PK) signaling cascades that control a myriad of cell functions. Importantly, [Ca2+]CYT and the other signaling pathways intersect at numerous points because of the influence of Ca2+ and calmodulin in modulating some steps in those other pathways. While both mechanisms operate in virtually all cells and tissues, this article focuses primarily on their functions in the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system (CNS) and the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain causes mania-like behavior in mice through D2 receptor activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15627. [PMID: 31666560 PMCID: PMC6821712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na, K-ATPase, is an approach used to study the physiological functions of the Na, K-ATPase and cardiotonic steroids in the central nervous system, known to cause mania-like hyperactivity in rats. We describe a mouse model of ouabain-induced mania-like behavior. ICV administration of 0.5 µl of 50 µM (25 pmol, 14.6 ng) ouabain into each lateral brain ventricle results in increased locomotor activity, stereotypical behavior, and decreased anxiety level an hour at minimum. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry showed that administration of 50 µM ouabain causes a drastic drop in dopamine uptake rate, confirmed by elevated concentrations of dopamine metabolites detected in the striatum 1 h after administration. Ouabain administration also caused activation of Akt, deactivation of GSK3β and activation of ERK1/2 in the striatum of ouabain-treated mice. All of the abovementioned effects are attenuated by haloperidol (70 µg/kg intraperitoneally). Observed effects were not associated with neurotoxicity, since no dystrophic neuron changes in brain structures were demonstrated by histological analysis. This newly developed mouse model of ouabain-induced mania-like behavior could provide a perspective tool for studying the interactions between the Na,K-ATPase and the dopaminergic system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang YC, Yu YH, Tsai ML, Huang ACW. Motor function in an animal model with ouabain-induced bipolar disorder and comorbid anxiety behavior. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:508-513. [PMID: 30165326 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a clinical setting, anxiety disorder is highly correlated with bipolar I disorder in humans. However, the comorbidity of anxiety behavior and bipolar disorder still remains unclear in an animal model. This study utilized an ouabain-induced animal mode to examine anxiety and mania in an open field test. In the present study, 5 µl of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or ouabain (10-5, 10-4, and 10-3 M) were administered into the left ventricle. The animals' motor functions and anxiety behaviors were measured for 15 min. The results showed that 10-3 M ouabain significantly increased the animal's total distance traveled, average speed, and maximum speed compared to the control group. The time spent inside (i.e., how much time rats spent in the center of the square) and the inside-outside times of the central square (i.e., how many times rats ran across the center square) of the higher-concentration groups (10-4 M and 10-3 M) were significantly decreased. Therefore, a high concentration of ouabain may induce hyperactivity. The 10-4 M and 10-3 M ouabain groups exhibited more anxiety behaviors. The study is the first model to examine comorbid anxiety behaviors and bipolar disorder in an animal model. The study provides some insights for comorbid anxiety and bipolar disorder in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ying Hao Yu
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County 26247, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Li Tsai
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lichtstein D, Ilani A, Rosen H, Horesh N, Singh SV, Buzaglo N, Hodes A. Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase Signaling and Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2314. [PMID: 30087257 PMCID: PMC6121236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and common chronic mental illness characterized by recurrent mood swings between depression and mania. The biological basis of the disease is poorly understood and its treatment is unsatisfactory. Although in past decades the "monoamine hypothesis" has dominated our understanding of both the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and the action of pharmacological treatments, recent studies focus on the involvement of additional neurotransmitters/neuromodulators systems and cellular processes in BD. Here, evidence for the participation of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and its endogenous regulators, the endogenous cardiac steroids (ECS), in the etiology of BD is reviewed. Proof for the involvement of brain Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and ECS in behavior is summarized and it is hypothesized that ECS-Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase-induced activation of intracellular signaling participates in the mechanisms underlying BD. We propose that the activation of ERK, AKT, and NFκB, resulting from ECS-Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase interaction, modifies neuronal activity and neurotransmission which, in turn, participate in the regulation of behavior and BD. These observations suggest Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase-mediated signaling is a potential target for drug development for the treatment of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lichtstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Asher Ilani
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Haim Rosen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Noa Horesh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Nahum Buzaglo
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Anastasia Hodes
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim SH, Park S, Yu HS, Ko KH, Park HG, Kim YS. The antipsychotic agent clozapine induces autophagy via the AMPK-ULK1-Beclin1 signaling pathway in the rat frontal cortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:96-104. [PMID: 29079139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Clozapine, a representative atypical antipsychotic, has superior efficacy compared to other antipsychotic agents and is used for the treatment of severe psychotic disorders. Therefore, studies on its mechanisms of action are important for understanding the mechanisms of therapeutic approaches to psychosis. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase that plays a major role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin1 are downstream substrates of AMPK and activate the autophagic process. In this study, we examined the effects of clozapine on the AMPK-ULK1-Beclin1 signaling pathway and autophagy in the frontal cortex of the rat. Clozapine (10mg/kg) administration increased the immunoreactivity of p-Thr172-AMPKα in the rat frontal cortex at 1, 2, and 4h after injection, as we previously reported. The immunoreactivity of p-Ser317-ULK1 and p-Ser93-Beclin1 was also increased at 2 and 4h after clozapine injection. At the same time, the immunoreactivity of LC3-II and the Atg5-Atg12 conjugate, which indicate activation of autophagy, was increased. Transmission electron microscopy clearly showed an increase in autophagosome number in the rat frontal cortex at 2h after clozapine injection. To investigate the role of AMPK in clozapine-induced autophagy, the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, were examined. Administration of compound C attenuated the clozapine-induced increase in ULK1 and Beclin1 phosphorylation, as well the protein levels of LC3-II and the Atg5-Atg12 conjugate in the frontal cortex. In summary, the results showed that clozapine activates autophagy through the AMPK-ULK1-Beclin1 signaling pathway in the frontal cortex of the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Ko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amodeo DA, Grospe G, Zang H, Dwivedi Y, Ragozzino ME. Cognitive flexibility impairment and reduced frontal cortex BDNF expression in the ouabain model of mania. Neuroscience 2017; 345:229-242. [PMID: 27267245 PMCID: PMC5136525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Central infusion of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain in rats serves as an animal model of mania because it leads to hyperactivity, as well as reproduces ion dysregulation and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels similar to that observed in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also associated with cognitive inflexibility and working memory deficits. It is unknown whether ouabain treatment in rats leads to similar cognitive flexibility and working memory deficits. The present study examined the effects of an intracerebral ventricular infusion of ouabain in rats on spontaneous alternation, probabilistic reversal learning and BDNF expression levels in the frontal cortex. Ouabain treatment significantly increased locomotor activity, but did not affect alternation performance in a Y-maze. Ouabain treatment selectively impaired reversal learning in a spatial discrimination task using an 80/20 probabilistic reinforcement procedure. The reversal learning deficit in ouabain-treated rats resulted from an impaired ability to maintain a new choice pattern (increased regressive errors). Ouabain treatment also decreased sensitivity to negative feedback during the initial phase of reversal learning. Expression of BDNF mRNA and protein levels was downregulated in the frontal cortex which also negatively correlated with regressive errors. These findings suggest that the ouabain model of mania may be useful in understanding the neuropathophysiology that contributes to cognitive flexibility deficits and test potential treatments to alleviate cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Gena Grospe
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, United States
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lopachev AV, Lopacheva OM, Osipova EA, Vladychenskaya EA, Smolyaninova LV, Fedorova TN, Koroleva OV, Akkuratov EE. Ouabain-induced changes in MAP kinase phosphorylation in primary culture of rat cerebellar cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 34:367-77. [PMID: 27338714 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroid (CTS) ouabain is a well-established inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase capable of inducing signalling processes including changes in the activity of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in various cell types. With increasing evidence of endogenous CTS in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, it is of particular interest to study ouabain-induced signalling in neurons, especially the activation of MAPK, because they are the key kinases activated in response to extracellular signals and regulating cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. In this study we investigated the effect of ouabain on the level of phosphorylation of three MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK and p38) and on cell survival in the primary culture of rat cerebellar cells. Using Western blotting we described the time course and concentration dependence of phosphorylation for ERK1/2, JNK and p38 in response to ouabain. We discovered that ouabain at a concentration of 1 μM does not cause cell death in cultured neurons while it changes the phosphorylation level of the three MAPK: ERK1/2 is phosphorylated transiently, p38 shows sustained phosphorylation, and JNK is dephosphorylated after a long-term incubation. We showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation increase does not depend on ouabain-induced calcium increase and p38 activation. Changes in p38 phosphorylation, which is independent from ERK1/2 activation, are calcium dependent. Changes in JNK phosphorylation are calcium dependent and also depend on ERK1/2 and p38 activation. Ten-micromolar ouabain leads to cell death, and we conclude that different effects of 1-μM and 10-μM ouabain depend on different ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Lopachev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.,Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga M Lopacheva
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, International Biotechnological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Osipova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, International Biotechnological Center, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Enzymology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Larisa V Smolyaninova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, International Biotechnological Center, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga V Koroleva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny E Akkuratov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hodes A, Rosen H, Deutsch J, Lifschytz T, Einat H, Lichtstein D. Endogenous cardiac steroids in animal models of mania. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:451-9. [PMID: 27393337 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by mania and depression. Alterations in brain Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase and cardiac steroids (CSs) have been detected in BD, raising the hypothesis of their involvement in this pathology. The present study investigated the behavioral and biochemical consequences of a reduction in endogenous brain CS activity in animal models of mania. METHODS Amphetamine (AMPH)-induced hyperactivity in BALB/c and black Swiss mice served as a model of mania. Behavior was evaluated in the open-field test in naïve mice or in mice treated with anti-ouabain antibodies. CS levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using sensitive and specific anti-ouabain antibodies. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels in the frontal cortex were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Administration of AMPH to BALB/c and black Swiss mice resulted in a marked increase in locomotor activity, accompanied by a threefold increase in brain CSs. The lowering of brain CSs by the administration of anti-ouabain antibodies prevented the hyperactivity and the increase in brain CS levels. AMPH caused an increase in phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) levels in the frontal cortex, which was significantly reduced by administration of the antibodies. A synthetic 'functional antagonist' of CSs, 4-(3'α-15'β-dihydroxy-5'β-estran-17'β-yl) furan-2-methyl alcohol, also resulted in attenuation of AMPH-induced hyperactivity. CONCLUSIONS These results are in accordance with the notion that malfunctioning of the Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase/CS system may be involved in the manifestation of mania and identify this system as a potential new target for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hodes
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Rosen
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzuri Lifschytz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Lichtstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Holm TH, Lykke-Hartmann K. Insights into the Pathology of the α3 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase Ion Pump in Neurological Disorders; Lessons from Animal Models. Front Physiol 2016; 7:209. [PMID: 27378932 PMCID: PMC4906016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is located at the plasma membrane of all mammalian cells. The Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to extrude three Na(+) cations and import two K(+) cations into the cell. The minimum constellation for an active Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is one alpha (α) and one beta (β) subunit. Mammals express four α isoforms (α1-4), encoded by the ATP1A1-4 genes, respectively. The α1 isoform is ubiquitously expressed in the adult central nervous system (CNS) whereas α2 primarily is expressed in astrocytes and α3 in neurons. Na(+) and K(+) are the principal ions involved in action potential propagation during neuronal depolarization. The α1 and α3 Na(+)-/K(+) ATPases are therefore prime candidates for restoring neuronal membrane potential after depolarization and for maintaining neuronal excitability. The α3 isoform has approximately four-fold lower Na(+) affinity compared to α1 and is specifically required for rapid restoration of large transient increases in [Na(+)]i. Conditions associated with α3 deficiency are therefore likely aggravated by suprathreshold neuronal activity. The α3 isoform been suggested to support re-uptake of neurotransmitters. These processes are required for normal brain activity, and in fact autosomal dominant de novo mutations in ATP1A3 encoding the α3 isoform has been found to cause the three neurological diseases Rapid Onset Dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP), Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC), and Cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS). All three diseases cause acute onset of neurological symptoms, but the predominant neurological manifestations differ with particularly early onset of hemiplegic/dystonic episodes and mental decline in AHC, ataxic encephalopathy and impairment of vision and hearing in CAPOS syndrome and late onset of dystonia/parkinsonism in RDP. Several mouse models have been generated to study the in vivo consequences of Atp1a3 modulation. The different mice show varying degrees of hyperactivity, gait problems, and learning disability as well as stress-induced seizures. With the advent of several Atp1a3-gene or chemically modified animal models that closely phenocopy many aspects of the human disorders, we will be able to reach a much better understanding of the etiology of RDP, AHC, and CAPOS syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu C, Du Q, Zhang X, Tang Z, Ji H, Li Y. Clematichinenoside Serves as a Neuroprotective Agent Against Ischemic Stroke: The Synergistic Action of ERK1/2 and cPKC Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:517. [PMID: 26793066 PMCID: PMC4709476 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous evidences suggesting that inhibition of apoptosis of neurons play a critical role in preventing the damage and even death of neurons after brain ischemia/reperfusion, which shows therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of brain injury induced by stroke. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Clematichinenoside (AR) and its underlying mechanisms. MCAO mode was performed in rats and OGD/R model in primary cortical neurons to investigate the neuroprotective effect of AR. The rate of apoptotic cells was measured using TUNEL assay in cerebral cortex and flow cytometric assay in cortical neurons. Apoptosis-related proteins such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, and bax and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, cPKC, p90RSK, and CREB in ischemic penumbra were assayed by western blot. Furthermore, we made a thorough inquiry about how these proteins play roles in the anti-apoptotic mechanism using targets-associated inhibitors step by step. The results revealed that AR could activate both ERK1/2 and cPKC which resulted in p90RSK phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, CREB, a downstream target of p90RSK, was phosphorylated and then bound to cAMP-regulated enhancer (CRE) to activate apoptosis-related genes, and finally ameliorate ischemic stroke through preventing neuron death. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that AR could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent to protect against ischemic stroke after cerebral I/R injury through regulating both ERK1/2 and cPKC mediated p90RSK/CREB apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Qianming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM Chengdu, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Repeated treatment with electroconvulsive seizures induces HDAC2 expression and down-regulation of NMDA receptor-related genes through histone deacetylation in the rat frontal cortex. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1487-500. [PMID: 24606669 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) leads to a histone deacetylation-mediated condensed chromatic structure, resulting in transcriptional repression, which has been implicated in the modifications of neural circuits and behaviors. Repeated treatment with electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) induces changes in histone acetylation, expression of various genes, and intrabrain cellular changes, including neurogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of repeated ECS on the expression of class I HDACs and related changes in histone modifications and gene expression in the rat frontal cortex. Ten days of repeated ECS treatments (E10X) up-regulated HDAC2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in the rat frontal cortex compared with sham-treated controls; this was evident in the nuclei of neuronal cells in the prefrontal, cingulate, orbital, and insular cortices. Among the known HDAC2 target genes, mRNA expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling-related genes, including early growth response-1 (Egr1), c-Fos, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl d-aspartate 2A (Nr2a), Nr2b, neuritin1 (Nrn1), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (Camk2α), were decreased, and the histone acetylation of H3 and/or H4 proteins was also reduced by E10X. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that HDAC2 occupancy in the promoters of down-regulated genes was increased significantly. Moreover, administration of sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor, during the course of E10X ameliorated the ECS-induced down-regulation of genes in the rat frontal cortex. These findings suggest that induction of HDAC2 by repeated ECS treatment could play an important role in the down-regulation of NMDA receptor signaling-related genes in the rat frontal cortex through histone modification.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang YC, Wang EN, Wang CC, Huang CL, Huang ACW. Dissociating effects of spatial learning from locomotor activity for ouabain-induced bipolar disorder-like rats. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:432-7. [PMID: 24656518 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether ouabain, a Na+ - and K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor, mimics cognitive impairments that can be dissociated from motor effects in the bipolar disorder-like animal model remains unclear. Ouabain and the vehicle aCSF were microinjected into the left lateral ventricle immediately, after 4h, and after 24h. The results showed that (a) locomotion responses of the Immediate group were significantly decreased compared to those of the aCSF group, particularly the first five minutes. (b) The ouabain-treated rats have longer latency and total distance traveled in the water maze task; however, the velocity was not affected for the ouabain group. (c) The analysis of covariance showed that the latency time (but not the total distance traveled and velocity) of the ouabain group was more impaired than that of the aCSF group, regardless of omitting total distance traveled and cross movement in the open field test. The latency might be more sensitive than the distance traveled and the velocity for assessing spatial learning. Dissociating the spatial learning from the movement may allow testing drug treatments of cognitive deficits independent of locomotor effects associated with bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - En-Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lei Huang
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County 26247, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim SH, Yu HS, Park HG, Ha K, Kim YS, Shin SY, Ahn YM. Intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain, a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, activates mTOR signal pathways and protein translation in the rat frontal cortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:73-82. [PMID: 23643758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain, a specific Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, induces behavioral changes in rats in a putative animal model of mania. The binding of ouabain to Na/K-ATPase affects signaling molecules in vitro, including ERK1/2 and Akt, which promote protein translation. We have also reported that ERK1/2 and Akt in the brain are involved in the ouabain-induced hyperactivity of rats. In this study, rats were given an ICV injection of ouabain, and then their frontal cortices were examined to determine the effects of ouabain on the mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling pathway and protein translation, which are important in modifications of neural circuits and behavior. Rats showed ouabain-induced hyperactivity up to 8h following injection, and increased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, p70S6K, S6, eIF4B, and 4E-BP at 1, 2, 4, and 8h following ouabain injection. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that increased p-S6 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of neurons by ouabain was evident in the prefrontal, cingulate, and orbital cortex. These findings suggested increased translation initiation in response to ouabain. The rate of protein synthesis was measured as the amount of [(3)H]-leucine incorporation in the cell-free extracts of frontal cortical tissues, and showed a significant increase at 8h after ouabain injection. These results suggest that ICV injection of ouabain induced activation of the protein translation initiation pathway regulated by ERK1/2 and Akt, and prolonged hyperactivity in rats. In conclusion, protein translation pathway could play an important role in ouabain-induced hyperactivity in a rodent model of mania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science & Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain alters synaptic plasticity and dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1191-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
25
|
Kim SH, Lee HY, Yi H, Ahn YM, Kim YS. Haloperidol induces demethylation and expression of the dual specificity phosphatase 6 gene in MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
26
|
Bai YL, Chu QJ, Li J, Chen YY, Li WJ, Zhang Q. A comparison of the effects of digoxin, ouabain and milrinone on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 694:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug that has a greater efficacy than other medications in some contexts, especially for the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, clozapine induces more metabolic side-effects involving abnormality in lipid metabolism compared to other antipsychotics. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in controlling lipid metabolism through modulating the downstream acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of clozapine on the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway in the rat frontal cortex, which has been implicated as a target site for this antipsychotic drug. At 2 h after injection, the clinically relevant dose of clozapine had activated AMPK, with increased phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr(172), and had inactivated ACC, with increased phosphorylation of ACC at Ser(79). In addition, clozapine activated the brain-specific isoform of CPT1, CPT1c, whose activity is inhibited by unphosphorylated ACC, in the rat frontal cortex. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis showed that clozapine induced an increase in number of p-AMPKα (Thr(172))- and p-ACC (Ser(79))-positive cells among the neurons of the rat frontal cortex. Taken together, these results show that clozapine activated the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway in the neurons of the rat frontal cortex. These findings indicate that the antipsychotic agent clozapine affects the lipid regulatory system of neurons in the brain.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim SH, Shin SY, Lee KY, Joo EJ, Song JY, Ahn YM, Lee YH, Kim YS. The genetic association of DUSP6 with bipolar disorder and its effect on ERK activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:41-9. [PMID: 22155192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) gene resides at chromosome location 12q22-23, which is one of the candidate loci for susceptibility to bipolar disorder and which encodes a phosphatase selective for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Previously, we reported a positive association between the functional Leu114Val polymorphism (rs2279574) in DUSP6 and bipolar disorder. Given that the association between DUSP6 and the reported down-regulation of DUSP6 transcript in bipolar postmortem brains were sex-dimorphic, showing significance in women but not men, we performed two independent analyses in homogenous samples of male and female Korean patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia using samples enlarged from our previous report. Among the examined DUSP6 SNPs, five (rs769700, rs704076, rs770087, rs808820, and rs2279574) showed positive allelic associations, with the frequency of minor alleles (C, T, G, G, and G) in each SNP significantly increased in women with BD. Consequently, the "C-T-G-G-G" haplotype was significantly over-represented (P=0.016; OR=3.242), whereas the "T-G-T-A-T" haplotype was significantly under-represented (P=0.014; OR=0.697). We found no significant associations with DUSP6 SNPs in men with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. We also investigated the functions of the functional SNPs' positive associations and found that Leu114Val (rs2279574; T/G) and Ser144Ala (rs770087; T/G) mutations in DUSP6 proteins reduced lithium-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in vitro, implicating the dominant active functions. Thus, DUSP6 may not only play important roles in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, particularly in women, but also affect the therapeutic response to lithium through modulating lithium's effects on intracellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Young JW, Henry BL, Geyer MA. Predictive animal models of mania: hits, misses and future directions. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1263-84. [PMID: 21410454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mania has long been recognized as aberrant behaviour indicative of mental illness. Manic states include a variety of complex and multifaceted symptoms that challenge clear clinical distinctions. Symptoms include over-activity, hypersexuality, irritability and reduced need for sleep, with cognitive deficits recently linked to functional outcome. Current treatments have arisen through serendipity or from other disorders. Hence, treatments are not efficacious for all patients, and there is an urgent need to develop targeted therapeutics. Part of the drug discovery process is the assessment of therapeutics in animal models. Here we review pharmacological, environmental and genetic manipulations developed to test the efficacy of therapeutics in animal models of mania. The merits of these models are discussed in terms of the manipulation used and the facet of mania measured. Moreover, the predictive validity of these models is discussed in the context of differentiating drugs that succeed or fail to meet criteria as approved mania treatments. The multifaceted symptomatology of mania has not been reflected in the majority of animal models, where locomotor activity remains the primary measure. This approach has resulted in numerous false positives for putative treatments. Recent work highlights the need to utilize multivariate strategies to enable comprehensive assessment of affective and cognitive dysfunction. Advances in therapeutic treatment may depend on novel models developed with an integrated approach that includes: (i) a comprehensive battery of tests for different aspects of mania, (ii) utilization of genetic information to establish aetiological validity and (iii) objective quantification of patient behaviour with translational cross-species paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rosin C, López Ordieres MG, Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz G. Neurotensin decreases high affinity [3H]-ouabain binding to cerebral cortex membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 172:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
31
|
Intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain, a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, activates tyrosine hydroxylase through extracellular signal-regulated kinase in rat striatum. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:779-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
32
|
Mania-like behavior induced by genetic dysfunction of the neuron-specific Na+,K+-ATPase α3 sodium pump. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18144-9. [PMID: 22025725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108416108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a debilitating psychopathology with unknown etiology. Accumulating evidence suggests the possible involvement of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase dysfunction in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Here we show that Myshkin mice carrying an inactivating mutation in the neuron-specific Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 subunit display a behavioral profile remarkably similar to bipolar patients in the manic state. Myshkin mice show increased Ca(2+) signaling in cultured cortical neurons and phospho-activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in the hippocampus. The mood-stabilizing drugs lithium and valproic acid, specific ERK inhibitor SL327, rostafuroxin, and transgenic expression of a functional Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 protein rescue the mania-like phenotype of Myshkin mice. These findings establish Myshkin mice as a unique model of mania, reveal an important role for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 in the control of mania-like behavior, and identify Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3, its physiological regulators and downstream signal transduction pathways as putative targets for the design of new antimanic therapies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Silveira PP, Portella AK, da Silva Benetti C, Zugno AI, da Silva Scherer EB, Mattos CB, Wyse ATS, Lucion AB, Dalmaz C. Association Between Na+,K+-ATPase Activity and the Vulnerability/Resilience to Mood Disorders induced by Early Life Experience. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2075-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
34
|
Freitas TP, Rezin GT, Fraga DB, Moretti M, Vieira JS, Gomes LM, Borges LS, Valvassori SS, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2011; 23:106-11. [PMID: 26952896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental illness associated with higher rates of suicide. The present study aims to investigate the brain mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received a single intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain (10-3 and 10-2 M) or vehicle. Locomotor activity was measured using the open field test. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was measured in the brain of rats 1 h and 7 days after ouabain administration. RESULTS Our results showed that spontaneous locomotion was increased 1 h and 7 days after ouabain administration. Complexes I, III and IV activities were increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum immediately after the administration of ouabain, at the concentration of 10-3 and 10-2 M. Moreover, complex II activity was increased only in the prefrontal cortex at the concentration of 10-2 M. On the other hand, no significant alterations were observed in complex I activity 7 days after ouabain administration. However, an increase in complexes II, III and IV activities was observed only in the prefrontal cortex at the concentration of 10-2 M. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an increase in the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain in this model of mania. A possible explanation is that these findings occur as a rebound effect trying to compensate for a decrease of ATP deprivation in BD. The present findings suggest that this model may present good face validity and a limitation in construct validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane B Fraga
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina
| | - Julia S Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lislaine S Borges
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park HG, Kim SH, Kim HS, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Kim YS. Repeated electroconvulsive seizure treatment in rats reduces inducibility of early growth response genes and hyperactivity in response to cocaine administration. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1014-21. [PMID: 21334415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulated expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the brain reflects neuronal activity in response to various stimuli and recruits specific gene programs involved in long-term neuronal modification and behavioral alterations. Repeated electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) treatment reduces the expression level of several IEGs, such as c-fos, which play important roles in psychostimulant-induced behavioral changes. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated ECS treatment on the basal expression level of IEGs and its effects on cocaine-induced activation of IEGs and locomotor activity in rats. Repeated ECS treatment for 10days (E10×) reduced Egr1, Egr2, Egr3, and c-fos mRNA and protein levels in the rat frontal cortex at 24h after the last ECS treatment, and these changes were evident in the neuronal cells of the prefrontal cortex. In particular, downregulation of Egr1 and c-fos was evident until 5days after the last ECS treatment. Moreover, E10× pretreatment attenuated the cocaine-induced increase in Egr1, Egr2, and c-fos expression in the rat frontal cortex, whereas phosphorylation of ERK1/2, one of the representative upstream activators of these genes, increased significantly following cocaine treatment. Additionally, E10× pretreatment attenuated the increase in locomotor activity in response to a cocaine injection. In conclusion, repeated ECS treatment reduced the expression and inducibility of Egrs and c-fos, which could attenuate the response of the brain to psychostimulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Geun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu HS, Kim SH, Park HG, Kim YS, Ahn YM. Activation of Akt signaling in rat brain by intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain: a rat model for mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:888-94. [PMID: 20403403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain, a specific Na-K ATPase inhibitor, induces behavioral changes in rats resembling the manic phenotypes of bipolar disorder. The binding of ouabain to the Na-K ATPase affects signal events in vitro including Akt, a possible molecular target of mood disorders. However, the effects of ouabain on Akt in the brain need further clarification. In this study, we investigated changes in the phosphorylation state of Akt in the rat brain after ICV injection of ouabain. Consistent with our previous report, the locomotor activity of rats within 30 min after ouabain ICV injection changed according to the dose with higher doses of ouabain, 0.5 and 1 mM, inducing significant hyperactivity. In addition, ouabain administration induced a dose-dependent increase in the immunoreactivity of p-Akt (Ser473) in the frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus after 30 min, and reached statistical significance with 1mM of ouabain. Phosphorylation of GSK-3beta (Ser9), FOXO1 (Ser256), and eNOS (Ser1177), which are downstream molecules of Akt, was also increased in a dose-dependent manner within the same brain regions. Moreover, hyperactivity was seen for 8h after a single 1mM injection of ouabain and increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), GSK-3beta (Ser9), FOXO1 (Ser256), and eNOS (Ser1177) was also observed in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Thus, intrabrain injection of ouabain induces activation of Akt signaling accompanied by hyperactivity, suggesting the possible role of Akt in ouabain rat model of mania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sook Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Freitas TP, Scaini G, Corrêa C, Santos PM, Ferreira GK, Rezin GT, Moretti M, Valvassori SS, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Evaluation of brain creatine kinase activity in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:149-53. [PMID: 19911114 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and severe mood disorder associated with higher rates of suicide and disability. The development of new animal models, and the investigation employing those available have extensively contributed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ouabain, a specific Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor, has been used as an animal model for BD. It has been demonstrated that Na+,K+-ATPase is altered in psychiatric disorders, especially BD. Creatine kinase (CK) is important for brain energy homeostasis by exerting several integrated functions. In the present study,we evaluated CK activity in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats subjected to i.c.v. administration of ouabain. Adult male Wistar rats received a single i.c.v. administration of ouabain (10(-2) and 10(-3) M) or vehicle (control group). Locomotor activity was measured using the open field test. CK activity was measured in the brain of rats immediately (1 h) and 7 days after ouabain administration. Our results showed that spontaneous locomotion was increased 1 h after ouabain administration and that hyperlocomotion was also observed 7 days after that.Moreover, CK activity was inhibited immediately after the administration of ouabain in the striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the enzyme was not affected in the striatum and hippocampus 7 days after ouabain administration. On the other hand, an inhibition in CK activity in the prefrontal cortex was observed. If inhibition of CK also occurs in BD patients, it will be tempting to speculate that the reduction of brain metabolism may be related probably to the pathophysiology of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago P Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim SH, Kim MK, Yu HS, Kim HS, Park IS, Park HG, Kang UG, Kim YS. Electroconvulsive seizure increases phosphorylation of PKC substrates, including GAP-43, MARCKS, and neurogranin, in rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:115-21. [PMID: 19837121 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been suggested as a molecular target related to the pathogenetic and therapeutic mechanisms of mood disorders in which electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is effective. However, the reports concerning the effects of ECS on PKC are anecdotal and need further clarification. In this study, we examined the effects of ECS treatment on the phosphorylation of PKC substrates, including GAP-43, MARCKS, and neurogranin. Immunoblot using anti-p-PKC substrate antibodies revealed that a single ECS treatment induced temporal changes in the phosphorylation level of PKC substrates in rat brain, reflecting the effects on PKC activity. Phosphorylation of GAP-43 and MARCKS, representative PKC substrates related to synaptic remodeling, increased from 5 to 30 min, after a transient decrease at 0 min immediately after ECS, and returned to basal levels at 60 min in rat frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Phosphorylation of neurogranin, another PKC substrate, showed a similar pattern of temporal changes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that p-GAP-43 and p-MARCKS were densely stained throughout the neuronal cells of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and the Purkinje cells of cerebellum, after ECS treatment. Brief and transient activation of PKC may be translated into long-term biochemical changes, resulting in synaptic plasticity. Taken together, the acute effects of ECS on PKC activity, which could be an underpinning of long-term biochemical changes induced by ECS, may contribute to understand the molecular mechanism of ECS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
He Q, Harding P, LaPointe MC. PKA, Rap1, ERK1/2, and p90RSK mediate PGE2 and EP4 signaling in neonatal ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 298:H136-43. [PMID: 19880670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00251.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that 1) inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and PGE(2) production reduces hypertrophy after myocardial infarction in mice and 2) PGE(2) acting through its EP4 receptor causes hypertrophy of neonatal ventricular myocytes (NVMs) via ERK1/2. It is known that EP4 couples to adenylate cyclase, cAMP, and PKA. The present study was designed to determine interactions between the cAMP-PKA pathway and ERK1/2 and to further characterize events downstream of ERK1/2. We hypothesized that PKA and the small GTPase Rap are upstream of ERK1/2 and that 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) is activated downstream. Treatment of NVMs with PGE(2) activated Rap, and this activation was inhibited in part by an EP4 antagonist and PKA inhibition. Transfection of a dominant negative mutant of Rap reduced PGE(2) activation of ERK1/2. PGE(2) activation of p90RSK was also dependent on EP4, PKA, and Rap. We also tested the involvement of Rap, ERK1/2, and p90RSK in PGE(2) regulation of gene expression. PGE(2) stimulation of brain natriuretic peptide promoter activity was blocked by either ERK1/2 inhibition or a dominant negative mutation of p90RSK. PGE(2) stimulation of c-Fos was dependent on EP4, PKA, ERK1/2, and p90RSK, whereas only the latter two kinases were involved in PGE(2) regulation of early growth response-1. Finally, we tested the involvement of EP4-dependent signaling in the NVM growth response and found that the overexpression of EP4 increased NVM cell size. We conclude that EP4-dependent signaling in NVMs in part involves PKA, Rap, ERK1/2, and p90RSK and results in the increased expression of brain natriuretic peptide and c-Fos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan He
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zugno AI, Valvassori SS, Scherer EBS, Mattos C, Matté C, Ferreira CL, Rezin GT, Wyse ATS, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Na+,K+-ATPase activity in an animal model of mania. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:431-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|