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Yuan M, Leslie FM. Nicotine and fluoxetine alter adolescent dopamine-mediated behaviors via 5-HT 1A receptor activation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1380123. [PMID: 38919632 PMCID: PMC11196788 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abuse or misuse of tobacco, e-cigarettes, or antidepressants may have serious clinical consequences during adolescence, a sensitive period during brain development when the distinct neurobiology of adolescent serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems create unique behavioral vulnerabilities to drugs of abuse. Methods Using a pharmacological approach, we modeled the behavioral and neurochemical effects of subchronic (4-day) nicotine (60µg/kg, i.v.) or fluoxetine (1mg/kg, i.v.) exposure in adolescent and adult male rats. Results Nicotine and fluoxetine significantly enhance quinpirole-induced locomotor activity and initial cocaine self-administration in adolescents, but not adults. These effects were blocked by serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonists, WAY-100,635 (100 µg/kg, i.v.) or S-15535 (300 µg/kg, i.v.). Neurochemical and anatomical autoradiographic analysis of 8-OH-DPAT-stimulated [35S]GTPγS reveal that prior exposure to nicotine and fluoxetine results in both overlapping and distinct effects on regional 5-HT1A receptor activity. Both fluoxetine and nicotine enhance adolescent 5-HT1A receptor activity in the primary motor cortex (M1), whereas fluoxetine alone targets prefrontal cortical neurocircuitry and nicotine alone targets the amygdala. Discussion Given their different pharmacological profiles, comparison between WAY-100,635 and S-15535 indicates that postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors mediate the behavioral effects of prior nicotine and fluoxetine exposure. In addition, within the adolescent M1, maladaptive changes in 5-HT signaling and 5-HT1A activity after nicotine or fluoxetine exposure may potentiate hyper-responsiveness to dopaminergic drugs and prime adolescent vulnerability for future substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, United States
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2
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Boerma T, Ter Haar S, Ganga R, Wijnen F, Blom E, Wierenga CJ. What risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder can tell us about the neurobiological mechanisms of language development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105398. [PMID: 37741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Language is a complex multidimensional cognitive system that is connected to many neurocognitive capacities. The development of language is therefore strongly intertwined with the development of these capacities and their neurobiological substrates. Consequently, language problems, for example those of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), are explained by a variety of etiological pathways and each of these pathways will be associated with specific risk factors. In this review, we attempt to link previously described factors that may interfere with language development to putative underlying neurobiological mechanisms of language development, hoping to uncover openings for future therapeutical approaches or interventions that can help children to optimally develop their language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessel Boerma
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sita Ter Haar
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Department of Psychology, Utrecht University/Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachida Ganga
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Wijnen
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elma Blom
- Department of Development and Education of youth in Diverse Societies (DEEDS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Language and Culture, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Bezenah JC, Tejada AN, Garcia DA, Lopez K, Richie JA, Amodeo DA, Amodeo LR. Early prenatal and late prenatal escitalopram exposure differentially impacts behavioral flexibility and anxiety-related behaviors in adulthood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 224:173534. [PMID: 36889444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are medications commonly used by pregnant women. While SSRIs have been considered safe during pregnancy, there is limited understanding of the long-term consequences of prenatal SSRI exposure on adult behavioral processes. Recent human studies have demonstrated prenatal exposure to some SSRIs in humans may increase susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delays. While escitalopram is one of the most effective antidepressants, it is also one of the newer available SSRIs, resulting in less information on its safety profile during pregnancy. The current study administered escitalopram (0 or 10 mg/kg, s.c.) to nulliparous female Long-Evans rats for the first (G1-10) or last half (G11-20) of the gestational period. Young adult male and female offspring were subsequently tested on a battery of behavioral tasks consisting of probabilistic reversal learning task, open field conflict, marble burying and social approach tasks. Results demonstrate that escitalopram exposure during the first half of pregnancy resulted in reduced anxiety-like behavior (disinhibition) on the modified open field and enhanced flexibility on the probabilistic reversal learning task. Exposure to escitalopram later in pregnancy resulted in an increase in marble burying behavior, but no differences were found with the other measures. These results suggest that exposure to escitalopram during the first half of prenatal development can have long lasting changes on adult behavior demonstrating better behavioral flexibility and lower anxiety-like behavior compared to non-exposed controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Bezenah
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N Tejada
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America
| | - Dominic A Garcia
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America
| | - Korina Lopez
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America
| | - Johnna A Richie
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America
| | - Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America
| | - Leslie R Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States of America.
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Sex differences in serotonergic control of rat social behaviour. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 223:173533. [PMID: 36858181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is increasing evidence that enhancement of the salience of social stimuli can have a beneficial effect in managing many psychiatric conditions. There are, however, clear sex-related differences in social behaviour, including the neural mechanisms responsible for different aspects of social functions. OBJECTIVES We explored the role of the serotonergic system on rat social behaviour under baseline and under stressful conditions in female and male rats. METHODS Rats were treated with the selective serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor escitalopram postnatally; a procedure known to cause a long-lasting reduction of serotonergic activity. In adulthood, social behaviour was tested in a social interaction test and in ultrasonic vocalisation (USVs) recording sessions before and after yohimbine-induced stress-like state. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that both female and, to a lesser extent, male escitalopram treated rats, exposed to a novel social situation, had fewer social exploration events and emitted fewer frequency-modulated calls with trills, trills and step calls, suggesting that an impaired function of the serotonergic system reduced the positive valence of social interaction. In a stress-like state, 50 kHz flat calls were increased only in female rats, indicating an increased seeking of social contact. However, the number of flat calls in escitalopram treated female rats was significantly lower compared with control rats. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that females may respond differently to serotonergic pharmacotherapy with respect to enhancement of beneficial effects of social support, especially in stress-related situations.
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Arzuaga AL, Edmison DD, Mroczek J, Larson J, Ragozzino ME. Prenatal stress and fluoxetine exposure in mice differentially affect repetitive behaviors and synaptic plasticity in adult male and female offspring. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Effect of early-life stress or fluoxetine exposure on later-life conditioned taste aversion learning in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136818. [PMID: 35931277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, early-life exposure to environmental stress or antidepressant medication treatment has been shown to induce similar long-term consequences on memory- and depression-related behavior in adulthood. To expand on this line of work, we evaluated how juvenile exposure to chronic variable stress (CVS) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) influences conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning in adulthood. To do this, in Experiment 1, we examined how adolescent CVS alone (postnatal day [PND] 35-48), or with prenatal stress (PNS) history (PNS + CVS), influenced the acquisition and extinction of CTA in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Specifically, at PND70+ (adulthood), rats were presented with 0.15 % saccharin followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) to induce visceral malaise. A total of four saccharin (conditioned stimulus) and LiCl (unconditioned stimulus) pairings occurred across the CTA acquisition phase. Next, saccharin was presented without aversive consequences, and intake was measured across consecutive days of the extinction phase. No differences in body weight gain across the experimental days, rate of CTA acquisition, or extinction of CTA, were observed among the experimental groups (control, n = 7; CVS, n = 12; PNS + CVS, n = 9). In Experiment 2, we evaluated if early-life FLX exposure alters CTA learning in adulthood. Specifically, adolescent stress naïve male and female rats received FLX (0 or 20 mg/kg/i.p) once daily for 15 consecutive days (PND35-49). During antidepressant exposure, FLX decreased body weight gain in both male (n = 7) and female rats (n = 7), when compared to respective controls (male control, n = 8; female control, n = 8). However, juvenile FLX exposure decreased body weight-gain in adult male, but not female, rats. Lastly, adolescent FLX history had no effect on CTA acquisition or extinction in adulthood (PND70), in neither male nor female rats. Together, the data indicate that juvenile FLX exposure results in a long-term decrease of body weight-gain in a male-specific manner. Yet, independent of sex, neither early-life stress nor FLX exposure alters CTA learning in adulthood.
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Unroe KA, Maltman JL, Shupe EA, Clinton SM. Disrupted serotonin system development via early life antidepressant exposure impairs maternal care and increases serotonin receptor expression in adult female offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22292. [PMID: 35748633 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating serotonin (5-HT) levels in the developing brain elicits a range of effects on brain function and behavior. For example, early-life exposure to selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants disrupts dorsal raphe function and triggers aberrant adult behaviors such as increased passive stress coping and anhedonia. However, much less is understood about how alterations in 5-HT signaling in early life impact outcomes in female offspring, including critical social functions such as maternal care. The present study shows that early-life SSRI exposure disrupts adult female offspring's maternal behavior. Pregnant/postpartum female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the SSRI citalopram in drinking water or provided regular tap water as control. Female offspring were raised to adulthood and mated with treatment-naïve males. Following parturition, we observed maternal behavior during portions of the light and dark phases of postnatal days (P)1-14. Relative to controls, dams with a history of early-life SSRI exposure exhibited decreased maternal care, including diminished arched-back nursing, reduced licking and grooming of pups, and increased behavioral inconsistency. Brains were collected from dams with and without a history of early-life SSRI exposure to measure relative mRNA expression of select 5-HT receptor transcripts (5HTR1A, -1B, -2A, -2C) in regions involved in maternal care. Early-life SSRI exposure augmented expression of 5-HTR1A in the medial preoptic area and 5-HTR1B, 5-HTR2A, and 5-HTR2C in the prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that early alterations to 5-HT signaling through SSRI exposure may disrupt nurturing parental behaviors and 5-HT receptor expression in affected female rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaton A Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessica L Maltman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shupe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Gong M, Song H, Dong Y, Huai Z, Fu Y, Yu P, Huang B, Yang R, Guo Y, Meng Q, Gao Y, Song L, Guo Q, Gao Q, Yin X, Wang S, Shi Y, Shi H. Sex-dependent and long-lasting effects of bisphenol AF exposure on emotional behaviors in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Themann A, Rodriguez M, Garcia-Carachure I, Lira O, Iñiguez SD. Adolescent fluoxetine exposure increases ERK-related signaling within the prefrontal cortex of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac015. [PMID: 36776564 PMCID: PMC9918101 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There has been a disproportionate increase in fluoxetine (FLX) prescription rates within the juvenile population. Thus, we evaluated how adolescent FLX exposure alters expression/phosphorylation of proteins from the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 cascade within the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to FLX (20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days (postnatal-day [PD] 35-49). At PD70 (adulthood), we examined protein markers for ERK1/2, ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). FLX-pretreatment decreased body weight, while increasing PFC phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and RSK, as well as total mTOR protein expression in adulthood. We provide first-line evidence that juvenile FLX-pretreatment induces long-term decreases in body weight-gain, along with neurobiological changes in the adult PFC - highlighting that early-life antidepressant exposure increases ERK-related signaling markers in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Corresponding Author: Sergio D. Iñiguez, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, 500 University Ave, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968. Tel: 915-747-5769. Fax: 915-747-6553.
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Murphy SE, Capitão LP, Giles SLC, Cowen PJ, Stringaris A, Harmer CJ. The knowns and unknowns of SSRI treatment in young people with depression and anxiety: efficacy, predictors, and mechanisms of action. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:824-835. [PMID: 34419187 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of SSRIs for the treatment of depression and anxiety in young people is increasing. However, the effects of SSRIs in adolescence, a time when there are substantial changes in neural, cognitive, and social functioning, are not well understood. Here, we review evidence from clinical trials about the benefits and risks of SSRIs in young people and consider their mechanisms of action, as shown through human experimental work and animal models. We emphasise key outstanding questions about the effects of SSRIs in youth, identified through gaps in the literature and in consultation with young people with lived experience. It is crucial to characterise the mechanisms underpinning risks and benefits of SSRIs in this age group to progress the field, and to narrow the chasm between the widespread use of SSRIs in youth and the science on which this use is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah E Murphy
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Liliana P Capitão
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie L C Giles
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Section of Clinical and Computational Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Hutchison L, Hartman JS, Lerea Y. Serotonin Toxicity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cases. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2021; 31:394-403. [PMID: 33909452 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2020.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Serotonin toxicity is a state of central nervous system (CNS) excitation classically featuring altered mental status, neuromuscular excitation, and autonomic instability. While retrospective studies and reviews have characterized serotonin toxicity in adults, there have been no systematic reviews of serotonin toxicity in pediatric populations. The goal of this review was to use published case reports to describe serotonin toxicity in pediatric patients and to consider the impact of age on clinical presentation. Methods: A search for case reports of serotonin toxicity in patients younger than 18 years was conducted. Cases were systematically screened for inclusion using serotonin toxicity diagnostic tools, and a meta-analysis of case characteristics was conducted. Results: Sixty-six cases of serotonin toxicity in pediatric patients were reviewed. Only 56.1% met diagnostic criteria for serotonin toxicity on all three of the most commonly used diagnostic tools. Antidepressants were found to be the most common trigger of toxicity, implicated in 78.8% of cases. While onset of toxicity was rapid following overdose, toxicity was more likely to be delayed in the setting of medication titration (71.8% vs. 0%, p < 0.0001). Signs of neuromuscular excitation were prevalent, occurring in 92.4% of cases with 81.8% showing the full triad of neuromuscular symptoms, altered mental status, and autonomic instability. The only age-related differences occurred in relation to activation symptoms (more likely to be reported in children than in adolescents) and seizures (less likely to be reported in children than in adolescents or toddlers). Treatment was primarily supportive in nature, although 25.8% of patients received cyproheptadine. In all but one reviewed case, the patient survived. Conclusions: The presentation of serotonin toxicity in the pediatric population is similar to that seen in adults. Treatment is supportive with most patients achieving full recovery. Further exploration of the age-related differences in serotonin activity within the CNS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hutchison
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jacob S Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yehuda Lerea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Coulombe J, Moodie EEM, Shortreed SM, Renoux C. Can the Risk of Severe Depression-Related Outcomes Be Reduced by Tailoring the Antidepressant Therapy to Patient Characteristics? Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1210-1219. [PMID: 33295950 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for patients with unipolar depression, yet there is little guidance on which SSRI provides the most benefit to a patient, based on personal characteristics. In this work, we explore whether an individualized treatment strategy can be used by health-care providers to adapt their prescription pattern to reduce the risk of a severe depression-related outcome (SDO) when choosing between citalopram and fluoxetine, 2 commonly prescribed SSRIs. Our population-based cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, the Hospital Episode Statistics repository, and the Office for National Statistics database in the United Kingdom to create a cohort of individuals diagnosed with depression who were prescribed citalopram or fluoxetine between April 1998 and December 2017. Patients were followed from treatment initiation until occurrence of the SDO outcome, treatment discontinuation, or end of study. To find an optimal treatment strategy, we used dynamic weighted survival modeling, considering patient features such as age, sex, body mass index, previous psychiatric diagnoses, and medications. Our findings suggest that using patient characteristics to tailor the antidepressant drug therapy is associated with an increase of 4 days in the median time to SDO (95% confidence interval: 2, 10 days).
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Adolescent fluoxetine treatment mediates a persistent anxiety-like outcome in female C57BL/6 mice that is ameliorated by fluoxetine re-exposure in adulthood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7758. [PMID: 33833356 PMCID: PMC8032660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether juvenile fluoxetine (FLX) exposure induces long-term changes in baseline responses to anxiety-inducing environments, and if so, whether its re-exposure in adulthood would ameliorate this anxiety-like phenotype. An additional goal was to assess the impact of adolescent FLX pretreatment, and its re-exposure in adulthood, on serotonin transporters (5-HTT) and brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF)-related signaling markers (TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB-proBDNF-mBDNF) within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. To do this, female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to FLX in drinking water during postnatal-days (PD) 35–49. After a 21-day washout-period (PD70), mice were either euthanized (tissue collection) or evaluated on anxiety-related tests (open field, light/dark box, elevated plus-maze). Juvenile FLX history resulted in a persistent avoidance-like profile, along with decreases in BDNF-signaling markers, but not 5-HTTs or TrkB receptors, within both brain regions. Interestingly, FLX re-exposure in adulthood reversed the enduring FLX-induced anxiety-related responses across all behavioral tasks, while restoring ERK2-CREB-proBDNF markers to control levels and increasing mBDNF within the prefrontal cortex, but not the hippocampus. Collectively, these results indicate that adolescent FLX history mediates neurobehavioral adaptations that endure into adulthood, which are indicative of a generalized anxiety-like phenotype, and that this persistent effect is ameliorated by later-life FLX re-exposure, in a prefrontal cortex-specific manner.
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Iñiguez SD, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Themann A, Lira O. Adolescent Fluoxetine Exposure Induces Persistent Gene Expression Changes in the Hippocampus of Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1683-1694. [PMID: 33241493 PMCID: PMC7933079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mood-related disorders have a high prevalence among children and adolescents, posing a public health challenge, given their adverse impact on these young populations. Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) is the first line of pharmacological intervention in pediatric patients suffering from affect-related illnesses. Although the use of this antidepressant has been deemed efficacious in the juvenile population, the enduring neurobiological consequences of adolescent FLX exposure are not well understood. Therefore, we explored for persistent molecular adaptations, in the adult hippocampus, as a function of adolescent FLX pretreatment. To do this, we administered FLX (20 mg/kg/day) to male C57BL/6 mice during adolescence (postnatal day [PD] 35-49). After a 21-day washout period (PD70), whole hippocampal tissue was dissected. We then used qPCR analysis to assess changes in the expression of genes associated with major intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and the wingless (Wnt)-dishevelled-GSK3β signaling cascade. Our results show that FLX treatment results in long-term dysregulation of mRNA levels across numerous genes from the ERK, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt intracellular signaling pathways, along with increases of the transcription factors CREB, ΔFosB, and Zif268. Lastly, FLX treatment resulted in persistent increases of transcripts associated with cytoskeletal integrity (β-actin) and caspase activation (DIABLO), while decreasing genes associated with metabolism (fucose kinase) and overall neuronal activation (c-Fos). Collectively, these data indicate that adolescent FLX exposure mediates persistent alterations in hippocampal gene expression in adulthood, thus questioning the safety of early-life exposure to this antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Francisco J Flores-Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Anapaula Themann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Omar Lira
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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Glazova NY, Manchenko DM, Volodina MA, Merchieva SA, Andreeva LA, Kudrin VS, Myasoedov NF, Levitskaya NG. Semax, synthetic ACTH(4-10) analogue, attenuates behavioural and neurochemical alterations following early-life fluvoxamine exposure in white rats. Neuropeptides 2021; 86:102114. [PMID: 33418449 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly used to treat depression during pregnancy. SSRIs cross the placenta and may influence the maturation of the foetal brain. Clinical and preclinical findings suggest long-term consequences of SSRI perinatal exposure for the offspring. The mechanisms of SSRI effects on developing brain remain largely unknown and there are no directional approaches for prevention of the consequences of maternal SSRI treatment during pregnancy. The heptapeptide Semax (MEHFPGP) is a synthetic analogue of ACTH(4-10) which exerts marked nootropic and neuroprotective activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of neonatal exposure to the SSRI fluvoxamine (FA) in white rats. Additionally, the study examined the potential for Semax to prevent the negative consequences of neonatal FA exposure. Rat pups received FA or vehicle injections on postnatal days 1-14, a time period equivalent to 27-40 weeks of human foetal age. After FA treatment, rats were administered with Semax or vehicle on postnatal days 15-28. During the 2nd month of life, the rats underwent behavioural testing, and monoamine levels in brain structures were measured. It was shown that neonatal FA exposure leads to the impaired emotional response to stress and novelty and delayed acquisition of food-motivated maze task in adolescent and young adult rats. Furthermore, FA exposure induced alterations in the monoamine levels in brains of 1- and 2- month-old rats. Semax administration reduced the anxiety-like behaviour, improved learning abilities and normalized the levels of brain biogenic amines impaired by the FA exposure. The results demonstrate that early-life FA exposure in rat pups produces long-term disturbances in their anxiety-related behaviour, learning abilities, and brain monoamines content. Semax exerts a favourable effect on behaviour and biogenic amine system of rats exposed to the antidepressant. Thus, peptide Semax can prevent behavioural deficits caused by altered 5-HT levels during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yu Glazova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Daria M Manchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Maria A Volodina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Bioelectric Interfaces, NRU HSE, 13-4 Myasnitskaya, Moscow 109028, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Merchieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Andreeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Kudrin
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology RAMS, 8 Baltiyskaya, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Natalia G Levitskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gori, Moscow 119234, Russia; Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS, 2 Akademika Kurchatova square, Moscow 123182, Russia
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Henn L, Zanta NC, Girardi CEN, Suchecki D. Chronic Escitalopram Treatment Does Not Alter the Effects of Neonatal Stress on Hippocampal BDNF Levels, 5-HT 1A Expression and Emotional Behaviour of Male and Female Adolescent Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:926-943. [PMID: 33063280 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress is considered a risk factor for the development of long-term psychiatric disorders. Maternal deprivation (MD) is a useful paradigm to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of early stress-induced changes in neurodevelopment trajectory. The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of a chronic treatment with escitalopram (ESC) on the hippocampal levels of BDNF and neuropeptide Y (NPY), expression of serotonin type 1A receptor (5-HT1A), plasma corticosterone levels and emotional behaviours in male and female adolescent rats submitted to MD at 9 days of life (group DEP9) and challenged with a brief and mild stress (saline injection (SAL)) at the end of MD. Whole litters were kept with mothers (CTL) or submitted to MD (DEP9). Within each group, pups were stress-challenged (CTL-SAL and DEP9-SAL) or not (CTL-NSAL and DEP9-NSAL). ESC or vehicle treatments began at weaning and lasted 24 days, when animals were sacrificed for determination of neurobiological variables or submitted to a battery of tests for evaluation of emotional behaviours. The results showed that BDNF levels were higher in SAL-challenged males and in DEP9-SAL females, whereas 5-HT1A receptor expression was reduced in DEP9 males and in SAL-challenged females. There were no changes in NPY or corticosterone levels. In the forced swim test, SAL-challenged males and DEP9 females displayed less immobility and ESC only increased social motivation in males. The results indicated that neonatal stress led to sex-dependent changes in neurobiology and behaviour and that chronic ESC treatment had minor effects on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Henn
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 1° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Natália C Zanta
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 1° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo N Girardi
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 1° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, 1° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
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Sylte OC, Johansen JS, Heinla I, Houwing DJ, Olivier JDA, Heijkoop R, Snoeren EMS. Effects of perinatal fluoxetine exposure on novelty-induced social and non-social investigation behaviors in a seminatural environment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3653-3667. [PMID: 34557946 PMCID: PMC8629781 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are increasingly prescribed as medication for various affective disorders during pregnancy. SSRIs cross the placenta and affect serotonergic neurotransmission in the fetus, but the neurobehavioral consequences for the offspring remain largely unclear. Recent rodent research has linked perinatal SSRI exposure to alterations in both social and non-social aspects of behavior. However, this research has mainly focused on behavior within simplified environments. The current study investigates the effects of perinatal SSRI exposure on social and non-social investigation behaviors of adult rat offspring upon introduction to a novel seminatural environment with unknown conspecifics. During the perinatal period (gestational day 1 until postnatal day 21), rat dams received daily treatment with either an SSRI (fluoxetine, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Adult male and female offspring were observed within the first hour after introduction to a seminatural environment. The results showed that perinatal fluoxetine exposure altered aspects of non-social investigation behaviors, while not altering social investigation behaviors. More specifically, both fluoxetine-exposed males and females spent more total time on locomotor activity than controls. Furthermore, fluoxetine-exposed females spent less time exploring objects and specific elements in the environment. The data suggest that perinatal exposure to SSRIs leads to a quicker, less detailed investigation strategy in novel environments and that the alteration is mostly pronounced in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Christian Sylte
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jesper Solheim Johansen
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Indrek Heinla
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Danielle J. Houwing
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D. A. Olivier
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Heijkoop
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eelke M. S. Snoeren
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ,Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Bodø, Norway
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18
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Korczak M, Kurowski P, Leśniak A, Grönbladh A, Filipowska A, Bujalska-Zadrożny M. GABA B receptor intracellular signaling: novel pathways for depressive disorder treatment? Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173531. [PMID: 32871173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Affecting over 320 million people around the world, depression has become a formidable challenge for modern medicine. In addition, an increasing number of studies cast doubt on the monoamine theory of depressive disorder and, worryingly, antidepressant medications only significantly benefit patients with severe depression. Thus, it is not surprising that researchers have shown an increased interest in new theories attempting to explain the pathogenesis of this disease. One example is the excitatory/inhibitory transmission imbalance theory. These abnormalities involve glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. Studies on GABAB receptors and their antagonists are particularly promising for the treatment of depressive disorders. In this paper, intracellular pathways controlled by GABAB receptors and their links to depression are described, including the impact of ketamine on GABAergic synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Korczak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kurowski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Leśniak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, The Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Filipowska
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, The Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Siemann JK, Williams P, Malik TN, Jackson CR, Green NH, Emeson RB, Levitt P, McMahon DG. Photoperiodic effects on monoamine signaling and gene expression throughout development in the serotonin and dopamine systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15437. [PMID: 32963273 PMCID: PMC7508939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod or the duration of daylight has been implicated as a risk factor in the development of mood disorders. The dopamine and serotonin systems are impacted by photoperiod and are consistently associated with affective disorders. Hence, we evaluated, at multiple stages of postnatal development, the expression of key dopaminergic (TH) and serotonergic (Tph2, SERT, and Pet-1) genes, and midbrain monoamine content in mice raised under control Equinox (LD 12:12), Short winter-like (LD 8:16), or Long summer-like (LD 16:8) photoperiods. Focusing in early adulthood, we evaluated the midbrain levels of these serotonergic genes, and also assayed these gene levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with RNAScope. Mice that developed under Short photoperiods demonstrated elevated midbrain TH expression levels, specifically during perinatal development compared to mice raised under Long photoperiods, and significantly decreased serotonin and dopamine content throughout the course of development. In adulthood, Long photoperiod mice demonstrated decreased midbrain Tph2 and SERT expression levels and reduced Tph2 levels in the DRN compared Short photoperiod mice. Thus, evaluating gene × environment interactions in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems during multiple stages of development may lead to novel insights into the underlying mechanisms in the development of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Piper Williams
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Turnee N Malik
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chad R Jackson
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Noah H Green
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ronald B Emeson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 8270 MRB III BioSci Bldg, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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20
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Portal B, Delcourte S, Rovera R, Lejards C, Bullich S, Malnou CE, Haddjeri N, Déglon N, Guiard BP. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of astroglial connexin 43 differentially influences the acute response of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13440. [PMID: 31925934 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Astroglial connexins (Cxs) 30 and 43 are engaged in gap junction and hemichannel activities. Evidence suggests that these functional entities contribute to regulating neurotransmission, thereby influencing brain functions. In particular, preclinical and clinical findings highlight a role of Cx43 in animal models of depression. However, the role of these proteins in response to currently available psychotropic drugs is still unknown. METHODS To investigate this, we evaluated the behavioural effects of the genetic and pharmacological inactivation of Cx43 on the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and the benzodiazepine diazepam, respectively. RESULTS A single administration of fluoxetine (18 mg/kg; i.p.) produced a higher increase in hippocampal extracellular serotonin levels, and a greater antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test in Cx43 knock-down (KD) mice bred on a C57BL/6 background compared to their wild-type littermates. Similarly, in outbred Swiss wild-type mice, the intra-hippocampal injection of a shRNA-Cx43 or the acute systemic injection of the Cxs inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX: 10 mg/kg; i.p.) potentiated the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine. Evaluating the effects of such strategies on diazepam (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.), the results indicate that Cx43 KD mice or wild-types injected with a shRNA-Cx43 in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus, attenuated the anxiolytic-like effects of this benzodiazepine in the elevated plus maze. The chronic systemic administration of CBX mimicked the latter observations. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data pave the way to the development of potentiating strategies in the field of psychiatry based on the modulation of astroglial Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Portal
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Sarah Delcourte
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208 Bron France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208 Bron France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Sebastien Bullich
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Cécile E. Malnou
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse‐Purpan (CPTP) INSERM CNRS Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208 Bron France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM) Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
- Neuroscience Research Center LNTM Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bruno P. Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Chatenay‐Malabry France
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Bond C, Johnson J, Chaudhary V, McCarthy E, McWhorter M, Woehrle N. Perinatal fluoxetine exposure results in social deficits and reduced monoamine oxidase gene expression in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Serotonin transporter deficiency alters socioemotional ultrasonic communication in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20283. [PMID: 31889084 PMCID: PMC6937290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely established that serotonin plays important role in the regulation of emotional and social behaviour. Rodents with a genetic deletion of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) are used as a model to study lifelong consequences of increased extracellular 5‐HT levels due to its impaired reuptake. SERT knock-out (SERT-KO) mice and rats consistently showed anxiety-like symptoms and social deficits. Nevertheless, the impact of SERT deletion on socioemotional ultrasonic communication has not been addressed. Here we investigated the impact of lifelong serotonin abundance on ultrasonic vocalisation accompanying social interactions and open field exploration in rats. SERT-KO rats displayed reduced overall duration of social contacts, but increased time spent on following the conspecific. The altered pattern of social behaviour in SERT-KO rats was accompanied by the structural changes in ultrasonic vocalisations, as they differed from their controls in distribution of call categories. Moreover, SERT deletion resulted in anxiety-like behaviours assessed in the open field test. Their anxious phenotype resulted in a lower tendency to emit appetitive 50-kHz calls during novelty exploration. The present study demonstrates that genetic deletion of SERT not only leads to the deficits in social interaction and increased anxiety but also affects ultrasonic communication.
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Sharp JL, Miller-Cahill ME, Renaud SM, Kundey SM, Kelley BM, Matoushek AW, Dyer KH, Jackman CC, Fountain SB, Rowan JD. Adolescent exposure to fluoxetine impairs serial pattern learning in the serial multiple choice (SMC) task in adult rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pharmacological exposures may precipitate craniosynostosis through targeted stem cell depletion. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101528. [PMID: 31415959 PMCID: PMC6915957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Birth Defects Study suggests that environmental exposures including maternal thyroid diseases, maternal nicotine use, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may exacerbate incidence and or severity of craniofacial abnormalities including craniosynostosis. Premature fusion of a suture(s) of the skull defines the birth defect craniosynostosis which occurs in 1:1800–2500 births. A proposed mechanism of craniosynostosis is the disruption of proliferation and differentiation of cells in the perisutural area. Here, we hypothesize that pharmacological exposures including excess thyroid hormone, nicotine, and SSRIs lead to an alteration of stem cells within the sutures resulting in premature fusion. In utero exposure to nicotine and citalopram (SSRI) increased the risk of premature suture fusion in a wild-type murine model. Gli1+ stem cells were reduced, stem cell populations were depleted, and homeostasis of the suture mesenchyme was altered with exposure. Thus, although these pharmacological exposures can deplete calvarial stem cell populations leading to craniosynostosis, depletion of stem cells is not a unifying mechanism for pharmacological exposure associated craniosynostosis.
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Golub MS, Hogrefe CE, Campos LJ, Fox AS. Serotonin Transporter Binding Potentials in Brain of Juvenile Monkeys 1 Year After Discontinuation of a 2-Year Treatment With Fluoxetine. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:948-955. [PMID: 31471184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential long-term effects of childhood fluoxetine therapy on brain serotonin systems were studied using a nonhuman primate model, the rhesus monkey. METHODS Juvenile male rhesus (1-4 years of age, corresponding to 4-11 years of age in children) were treated orally with fluoxetine (2 mg/kg) or vehicle daily for 2 years and removed from treatment during the third year. Each treatment group was assigned an equal number of subjects with low and high transcription polymorphisms of MAOA. One year after discontinuation of treatment, positron emission tomography scans were conducted (n = 8 treated monkeys, n = 8 control monkeys) using [11C]DASB to quantify serotonin transporter in 16 cortical and subcortical regions. RESULTS Fluoxetine-treated monkeys with MAOA low transcription polymorphism had significantly lower [11C]DASB binding potentials than control monkeys. This finding was seen throughout the brain but was strongest in prefrontal and cingulate cortices. The MAOA × fluoxetine interaction was enhanced by binding potentials that were nonsignificantly higher in monkeys with high transcription polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Juvenile fluoxetine treatment has residual posttreatment effects on brain serotonin transporter that depend on MAOA genotype. MAOA genotype may be important to consider when treating children with fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Golub
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Casey E Hogrefe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lillian J Campos
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Andrew S Fox
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Kott J, Brummelte S. Trick or treat? Evaluating contributing factors and sex-differences for developmental effects of maternal depression and its treatment. Horm Behav 2019; 111:31-45. [PMID: 30658054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most common form of pharmaceutical intervention, can both have an impact on infant development. As such, it is difficult for healthcare providers to recommend a course of treatment to expectant mothers suffering from depression, or to women on antidepressant medication prior to pregnancy. This review will discuss the existing research on the developmental impacts of maternal depression and its treatment with SSRIs, with a particular focus on contributing factors that complicate our attempt to disentangle the consequences of maternal depression and its treatment such as the timing or severity of the depression. We will explore avenues for translational animal models to help address the question of "Trick or Treat", i.e.: which is worse for offspring development: exposure to maternal depression, or the SSRI treatment? Further, we will explore sex-dependent outcomes for the offspring in human and animal studies as male and female offspring may react differently to the presence of maternal depression or antidepressant treatment. Without more clinical and preclinical data, it remains difficult for women to make an informed decision regarding their depression treatment before, during, and after their pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kott
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Adolescent fluoxetine history impairs spatial memory in adult male, but not female, C57BL/6 mice. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:347-356. [PMID: 30807936 PMCID: PMC6951803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological reports indicate that mood-related disorders are common in the adolescent population. The prevalence of juvenile major depressive disorder has resulted in a parallel increase in the prescription rates of fluoxetine (FLX) within this age group. Although such treatment can last for years, little is known about the enduring consequences of adolescent antidepressant exposure on memory-related performance. METHODS We exposed separate groups of adolescent (postnatal day [PD] 35) male and female C57BL/6 mice to FLX (20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days (PD35-49). Three weeks after FLX exposure (PD70), we assessed learning and memory performance on a single-day training object novelty recognition test, or a spatial memory task on the Morris water maze (MWM). RESULTS We found that FLX pretreatment did not influence performance on either the object novelty recognition task or the MWM, 24 h after training. Conversely, 48 h post spatial-training on the MWM, FLX pretreated male mice spent significantly less time on the quadrant of the missing platform during a standard probe trial. No differences in MWM performance were observed in the adult female mice pretreated with FLX. LIMITATIONS A limitation of this study is that normal adolescent mice (i.e., non-stressed) were evaluated for memory-related behavior three weeks after antidepressant exposure. Thus, it is possible that FLX pre-exposure in combination with animal models for the study of depression may yield different results. CONCLUSION Together, these results demonstrate enduring spatial memory-related deficiencies after pre-exposure to FLX during adolescence in male, but not female, C57BL/6 mice.
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Houwing DJ, Heijkoop R, Olivier JDA, Snoeren EMS. Perinatal fluoxetine exposure changes social and stress-coping behavior in adult rats housed in a seminatural environment. Neuropharmacology 2019; 151:84-97. [PMID: 30959021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) during pregnancy has increased tremendously, but the consequences for the offspring remain largely unclear. Several studies have described potential effects of perinatal SSRI-exposure on neurobehavioral outcomes using simplified rodent test set-ups, however these set-ups only assess a small fraction of the behavior. For translational purposes it is important to take the environmental influences into account which children are exposed to in real life. By using a seminatural environmental set-up, this study is the first to assess behavioral outcomes in offspring exposed to perinatal SSRI exposure under seminatural circumstances. Mothers received daily the SSRI fluoxetine (FLX, 10 mg/kg p.o.) or vehicle (CTR) from gestational day 1 until postnatal day 21. To assess the effect of FLX exposure during early development, female and male offspring were behaviorally tested in the seminatural environment at adulthood. Baseline behavior was measured in addition to responses during and after stressful white-noise events. Behavior was observed on two days, day 4 on which females were sexually non-receptive, and day 7, on which females were sexual receptive. Perinatal FLX exposure reduced general activity in females and increased behavior related to a social context in both males and females. After a stressful white-noise event some behaviors switched. Whereas FLX-females switch from resting socially to resting more solitarily, FLX-males show an increase in self-grooming behavior after the stressor and showed more freezing behavior in the open area. We conclude that perinatal FLX exposure leads to alterations in social and stress-coping behaviors in adulthood, when observed in a seminatural environment. Whether these adaptations in behavior are advantageous or disadvantageous remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Houwing
- Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Heijkoop
- Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Loss of Adult 5-HT1A Autoreceptors Results in a Paradoxical Anxiogenic Response to Antidepressant Treatment. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1334-1346. [PMID: 30552180 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0352-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line antidepressants but require several weeks to elicit their actions. Chronic SSRI treatment induces desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors to enhance 5-HT neurotransmission. Mice (both sexes) with gene deletion of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in adult 5-HT neurons (1AcKO) were tested for response to SSRIs. Tamoxifen-induced recombination in adult 1AcKO mice specifically reduced 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels. The 1AcKO mice showed a loss of 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated hypothermia and electrophysiological responses, but no changes in anxiety- or depression-like behavior. Subchronic fluoxetine (FLX) treatment induced an unexpected anxiogenic effect in 1AcKO mice in the novelty suppressed feeding and elevated plus maze tests, as did escitalopram in the novelty suppressed feeding test. No effect was seen in wild-type (WT) mice. Subchronic FLX increased 5-HT metabolism in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and raphe of 1AcKO but not WT mice, suggesting hyperactivation of 5-HT release. To detect chronic cellular activation, FosB+ cells were quantified. FosB+ cells were reduced in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (CA2/3) and increased in dorsal raphe 5-HT cells of 1AcKO mice, suggesting increased raphe activation. In WT but not 1AcKO mice, FLX reduced FosB+ cells in the median raphe, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and median septum, which receive rich 5-HT projections. Thus, in the absence of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, SSRIs induce a paradoxical anxiogenic response. This may involve imbalance in activation of dorsal and median raphe to regulate septohippocampal or fimbria-fornix pathways. These results suggest that markedly reduced 5-HT1A autoreceptors may provide a marker for aberrant response to SSRI treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective in treating anxiety and depression in humans and mouse models. However, in some cases, SSRIs can increase anxiety, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we show that, rather than enhancing SSRI benefits, adulthood knockout (KO) of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor, a critical negative regulator of 5-HT activity, results in an SSRI-induced anxiety effect that appears to involve a hyperactivation of the 5-HT system in certain brain areas. Thus, subjects with very low levels of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, such as during childhood or adolescence, may be at risk for an SSRI-induced anxiety response.
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Flores-Ramirez FJ, Garcia-Carachure I, Sanchez DO, Gonzalez C, Castillo SA, Arenivar MA, Themann A, Lira O, Rodriguez M, Preciado-Piña J, Iñiguez SD. Fluoxetine exposure in adolescent and adult female mice decreases cocaine and sucrose preference later in life. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:269881118805488. [PMID: 30334670 PMCID: PMC6472984 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118805488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence from male subjects indicates that exposure to psychotropic medications, during early development, results in long-lasting altered responses to reward-related stimuli. However, it is not known if exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine, in female subjects specifically, changes sensitivity to natural and drug rewards, later in life. AIMS The aim of this work was to investigate if exposure to fluoxetine mediates enduring changes in sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine and sucrose, using female mice as a model system. METHODS We exposed C57BL/6 female mice to fluoxetine (250 mg/L in their drinking water) for 15 consecutive days, either during adolescence (postnatal day 35-49) or adulthood (postnatal day 70-84). Twenty-one days later, mice were examined on their behavioral reactivity to cocaine (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg) using the conditioned place preference paradigm, or assessed on the two-bottle sucrose (1%) test. RESULTS We found that regardless of age of antidepressant exposure, female mice pre-exposed to fluoxetine displayed reliable conditioning to the cocaine-paired compartment. However, when compared to respective age-matched controls, antidepressant pre-exposure decreased the magnitude of conditioning at the 5 and 7.5 mg/kg cocaine doses. Furthermore, fluoxetine pre-exposure reduced sucrose preference without altering total liquid intake. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that pre-exposure to fluoxetine, during adolescence or adulthood, results in a prolonged decrease in sensitivity to the rewarding properties of both natural and drug rewards in female C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David O Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Celene Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Samuel A Castillo
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Miguel A Arenivar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Anapaula Themann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Omar Lira
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Minerva Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | | | - Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
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Machado KDC, Islam MT, Ali ES, Rouf R, Uddin SJ, Dev S, Shilpi JA, Shill MC, Reza HM, Das AK, Shaw S, Mubarak MS, Mishra SK, Melo-Cavalcante AADC. A systematic review on the neuroprotective perspectives of beta-caryophyllene. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2376-2388. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Federal University of Piauí; Teresina Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Eunüs S. Ali
- Department of Product Development; Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited; Dhaka Bangladesh
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health; Bedford Park 5042 Adelaide Australia
| | - Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University; Gopalganj Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Shrabanti Dev
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Asish Kumar Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; 415 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | | | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology); Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University; Sagar India
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Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:181-193. [PMID: 30236533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Of wide interest for health is the relation existing between depression, a very common psychological illness, accompanied by anxiety and reduced ability to concentrate, and adult neurogenesis. We will focus on two neurogenic stimuli, fluoxetine and physical exercise, both endowed with the ability to activate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, known to be required for learning and memory, and both able to counteract depression. Fluoxetine belongs to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which represent the most used pharmacological therapy; physical exercise has also been shown to effectively counteract depression symptoms in rodents as well as in humans. While there is evidence that the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine requires its pro-neurogenic action, exerted by promoting proliferation, differentiation and survival of progenitor cells of the hippocampus, on the other hand fluoxetine exerts also neurogenesis-independent antidepressant effects by influencing the plasticity of the new neurons generated. Similarly, the antidepressant action of running also correlates with an increase of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, although the gene pathways involved are only partially coincident with those of fluoxetine, such as those involved in serotonin metabolism and synapse formation. We further discuss how extra-neurogenic actions are also suggested by the fact that, unlike running, fluoxetine is unable to stimulate neurogenesis during aging, but still displays antidepressant effects. Moreover, in specific conditions, fluoxetine or running activate not only progenitor but also stem cells, which normally are not stimulated; this fact reveals how stem cells have a long-term, hidden ability to self-renew and, more generally, that neurogenesis is subject to complex controls that may play a role in depression, such as the type of neurogenic stimulus or the state of the local niche. Finally, we discuss how fluoxetine or running are effective in counteracting depression originated from stress or neurodegenerative diseases.
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33
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da Motta LG, de Morais JA, Tavares ACA, Vianna LMS, Mortari MR, Amorim RFB, Carvalho RR, Paumgartten FJR, Pic-Taylor A, Caldas ED. Maternal and developmental toxicity of the hallucinogenic plant-based beverage ayahuasca in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Prenatal fluoxetine modifies the behavioral and hormonal responses to stress in male mice: role for glucocorticoid insensitivity. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:345-355. [PMID: 28418941 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Women with major depressive disorder during pregnancy often use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants. These drugs readily cross the placental barrier and impact the developing fetal brain. Recently, we reported that prenatal fluoxetine (FLX), an SSRI antidepressant drug, altered corticosterone and behavioral responses to stress in female mouse offspring. The present study assessed the effects of prenatal FLX on these responses in males. The results showed that prenatal FLX significantly augmented the corticosterone response to acute stress in young prepubescent mice. The corticosterone response to continuous stress was not affected by prenatal FLX irrespective of age. In addition, continuous stress reduced general activity, and anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in adult animals prenatally exposed to FLX, but not in controls. The dexamethasone suppression test showed that prenatal FLX induced a state of glucocorticoid insensitivity in adult males, indicating that the negative feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress was disrupted. Together, these findings indicate that prenatal FLX altered hormonal and behavioral responses to stress and suggest a role for the development of glucocorticoid insensitivity in these effects. These findings may aid understanding of the limitations and precautions that should be taken in the use of SSRIs by pregnant women.
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35
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Fedotova J, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Shleikin AG, Caprnda M, Dragasek J, Rodrigo L, Pohanka M, Gasparova I, Nosal V, Opatrilova R, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Kruzliak P. Therapeutical strategies for anxiety and anxiety-like disorders using plant-derived natural compounds and plant extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:437-446. [PMID: 28863384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and anxiety-like disorders describe many mental disorders, yet fear is a common overwhelming symptom often leading to depression. Currently two basic strategies are discussed to treat anxiety: pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. In the pharmacotherapeutical clinical approach, several conventional synthetic anxiolytic drugs are being used with several adverse effects. Therefore, studies to find suitable safe medicines from natural sources are being sought by researchers. The results of a plethora experimental studies demonstrated that dietary phytochemicals like alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, cinnamates, and saponins or various plant extracts with the mixture of different phytochemicals possess anxiolytic effects in a wide range of animal models of anxiety. The involved mechanisms of anxiolytics action include interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors at benzodiazepine (BZD) and non-BZD sites with various affinity to different subunits, serotonergic 5-hydrodytryptamine receptors, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, glutamate receptors, and cannabinoid receptors. This review focuses on the use of both plant-derived natural compounds and plant extracts with anxiolytic effects, describing their biological effects and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Alexander G Shleikin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturia (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Facultpy of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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36
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Song NN, Huang Y, Yu X, Lang B, Ding YQ, Zhang L. Divergent Roles of Central Serotonin in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:185. [PMID: 28713247 PMCID: PMC5492328 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central serotonin (5-HT) system is the main target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line antidepressants widely used in current general practice. One of the prominent features of chronic SSRI treatment in rodents is the enhanced adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which has been proposed to contribute to antidepressant effects. Therefore, tremendous effort has been made to decipher how central 5-HT regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this paper, we review how changes in the central serotonergic system alter adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We focus on data obtained from three categories of genetically engineered mouse models: (1) mice with altered central 5-HT levels from embryonic stages, (2) mice with deletion of 5-HT receptors from embryonic stages, and (3) mice with altered central 5-HT system exclusively in adulthood. These recent findings provide unique insights to interpret the multifaceted roles of central 5-HT on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its associated effects on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Song
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Bing Lang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Sprowles JL, Hufgard JR, Gutierrez A, Bailey RA, Jablonski SA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Differential effects of perinatal exposure to antidepressants on learning and memory, acoustic startle, anxiety, and open‐field activity in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:92-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L.N. Sprowles
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Jillian R. Hufgard
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Rebecca A. Bailey
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Sarah A. Jablonski
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
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Cognitive performance of juvenile monkeys after chronic fluoxetine treatment. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 26:52-61. [PMID: 28521247 PMCID: PMC5557667 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential long term effects on brain development are a concern when drugs are used to treat depression and anxiety in childhood. In this study, male juvenile rhesus monkeys (three-four years of age) were dosed with fluoxetine or vehicle (N=16/group) for two years. Histomorphometric examination of cortical dendritic spines conducted after euthanasia at one year postdosing (N=8/group) suggested a trend toward greater dendritic spine synapse density in prefrontal cortex of the fluoxetine-treated monkeys. During dosing, subjects were trained for automated cognitive testing, and evaluated with a test of sustained attention. After dosing was discontinued, sustained attention, recognition memory and cognitive flexibility were evaluated. Sustained attention was affected by fluoxetine, both during and after dosing, as indexed by omission errors. Response accuracy was not affected by fluoxetine in post-dosing recognition memory and cognitive flexibility tests, but formerly fluoxetine-treated monkeys compared to vehicle controls had more missed trial initiations and choices during testing. Drug treatment also interacted with genetic and environmental variables: MAOA genotype (high- and low transcription rate polymorphisms) and testing location (upper or lower tier of cages). Altered development of top-down cortical regulation of effortful attention may be relevant to this pattern of cognitive test performance after juvenile fluoxetine treatment.
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39
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Schoeman JC, Steyn SF, Harvey BH, Brink CB. Long-lasting effects of fluoxetine and/or exercise augmentation on bio-behavioural markers of depression in pre-pubertal stress sensitive rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:86-99. [PMID: 28143768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile depression is of great concern with only limited treatment currently approved. Delayed onset of action, low remission and high relapse rates, and potential long-lasting consequences further complicates treatment and highlights the need for new treatment options. Studies reporting on long-lasting effects of early-life treatment have reported conflicting results, with the pre-adolescent period mostly overlooked. The anti-depressive effect of exercise, as a possible treatment option or augmentation strategy, is dependent on age and exercise intensity. We investigated the immediate (i.e. postnatal day 35 (PND35)) and lasting (PND60 to PND61) effects of pre-pubertal (PND21 to PND34) fluoxetine and/or exercise on bio-behavioural markers of depression and oxidative stress in stress sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line rats. Low, but not moderate, intensity exercise or 5, but not 10, mg/kg/day fluoxetine displayed anti-depressant-like properties at PND35. Pre-pubertal treatment with 5mg/kg/day fluoxetine or low intensity exercise exerted lasting anti-depressive-like effects into adulthood, whereas the combination of these two treatments did not. Furthermore, the combination of fluoxetine plus exercise reduced hippocampal BDNF levels as compared to exercise alone, which may explain the latter findings. In all treatment groups hippocampal SOD activity was significantly increased at PND61, suggesting an increased anti-oxidant capacity in adulthood. In conclusion, the data confirm the anti-depressant-like properties of both early-life fluoxetine and exercise in a genetic animal model of depression. However, optimal lasting effects of early-life interventions may require adjustment of antidepressant dose and/or exercise intensity to developmental age, and that a combination of antidepressant and exercise may not necessarily be augmentative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus C Schoeman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Stephanus F Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Christiaan B Brink
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa.
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Kalyvas AV, Kalamatianos T, Pantazi M, Lianos GD, Stranjalis G, Alexiou GA. Maternal environmental risk factors for congenital hydrocephalus: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 41:E3. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.8.focus16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is one of the most frequent CNS congenital malformations, representing an entity with serious pathological consequences. Although several studies have previously assessed child-related risk factors associated with CH development, there is a gap of knowledge on maternal environmental risk factors related to CH. The authors have systematically assessed extrinsic factors in the maternal environment that potentially confer an increased risk of CH development.
METHODS
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were systematically searched for works published between 1966 and December 2015 to identify all relevant articles published in English. Only studies that investigated environmental risk factors concerning the mother—either during gestation or pregestationally—were included.
RESULTS
In total, 13 studies (5 cohorts, 3 case series, 3 case-control studies, 1 meta-analysis, and 1 case report) meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Maternal medication or alcohol use during gestation; lifestyle modifiable maternal pathologies such as obesity, diabetes, or hypertension; lack of prenatal care; and a low socioeconomic status were identified as significant maternal environmental risk factors for CH development. Maternal infections and trauma to the mother during pregnancy have also been highlighted as potential mother-related risk factors for CH.
CONCLUSIONS
Congenital hydrocephalus is an important cause of serious infant health disability that can lead to health inequalities among adults. The present study identified several maternal environmental risk factors for CH, thus yielding important scientific information relevant to prevention of some CH cases. However, further research is warranted to confirm the impact of the identified factors and examine their underlying behavioral and/or biological basis, leading to the generation of suitable prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mantha Pantazi
- 2Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ioannina “G. Hatzikosta”; and
| | | | - George Stranjalis
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens
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Hemmings SMJ, Martin LI, van der Merwe L, Benecke R, Domschke K, Seedat S. Serotonin transporter variants play a role in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescents. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:66-75. [PMID: 26635248 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has predictive potential for the development of anxiety disorders. We investigated the role that gene-environment (G × E) interactions, focussing on childhood trauma (CT) and selected SLC6A4 variants, play in modulating levels of AS in a South African adolescent population. METHODS All adolescents (n = 951) completed measures for AS and CT. Six SLC6A4 polymorphisms were genotyped. G × E influences on AS levels were assessed using multiple linear regression models. Relevant confounders were included in all analyses. RESULTS Xhosa (n = 634) and Coloured (n = 317) participants were analysed independently of one another. The 5-HTTLPR-rs25531 L-G haplotype associated with reduced AS among Xhosa adolescents (P = 0.010). In addition, the rs1042173 CC-genotype protected against increased levels of AS in Xhosa participants who had experienced increased levels of CT (P = 0.038). Coloured males homozygous for the S-allele had significantly increased levels of AS compared to Coloured males with at least one L-allele (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to be conducted on AS in adolescents from two ethnically diverse populations. Results indicate that the L-G haplotype confers protection against high AS levels in a Xhosa population. Furthermore, increased CT was found to protect against high levels of AS in Xhosa rs1042173 CC-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian M J Hemmings
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Lindi I Martin
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Lize van der Merwe
- b Department of Statistics , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Rohan Benecke
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Katharina Domschke
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
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Park DI, Dournes C, Sillaber I, Uhr M, Asara JM, Gassen NC, Rein T, Ising M, Webhofer C, Filiou MD, Müller MB, Turck CW. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism: Convergent evidence on chronic antidepressant treatment response in mice and humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35317. [PMID: 27731396 PMCID: PMC5059694 DOI: 10.1038/srep35317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD). For unknown reasons a substantial number of patients do not show any improvement during or after SSRI treatment. We treated DBA/2J mice for 28 days with paroxetine and assessed their behavioral response with the forced swim test (FST). Paroxetine-treated long-time floating (PLF) and paroxetine-treated short-time floating (PSF) groups were stratified as proxies for drug non-responder and responder mice, respectively. Proteomics and metabolomics profiles of PLF and PSF groups were acquired for the hippocampus and plasma to identify molecular pathways and biosignatures that stratify paroxetine-treated mouse sub-groups. The critical role of purine and pyrimidine metabolisms for chronic paroxetine treatment response in the mouse was further corroborated by pathway protein expression differences in both mice and patients that underwent chronic antidepressant treatment. The integrated -omics data indicate purine and pyrimidine metabolism pathway activity differences between PLF and PSF mice. Furthermore, the pathway protein levels in peripheral specimens strongly correlated with the antidepressant treatment response in patients. Our results suggest that chronic SSRI treatment differentially affects purine and pyrimidine metabolisms, which may explain the heterogeneous antidepressant treatment response and represents a potential biosignature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ik Park
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Carine Dournes
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Webhofer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela D Filiou
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne B Müller
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy &Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
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Ellenbroek BA, August C, Youn J. Does Prenatal Valproate Interact with a Genetic Reduction in the Serotonin Transporter? A Rat Study on Anxiety and Cognition. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:424. [PMID: 27708559 PMCID: PMC5030776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that prenatal exposure to valproate (or valproic acid, VPA) enhances the risk of developing Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In line with this, a single injection of VPA induces a multitude of ASD-like symptoms in animals, such as rats and mice. However, there is equally strong evidence that genetic factors contribute significantly to the risk of ASD and indeed, like most other psychiatric disorders, ASD is now generally thought to results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Given that VPA significantly impacts on the serotonergic system, and serotonin has strong biochemical and genetic links to ASD, we aimed to investigate the interaction between genetic reduction in the serotonin transporter and prenatal valproate administration. More specifically, we exposed both wildtype (SERT+/+) rats and rats heterozygous for the serotonin transporter deletion (SERT+/-) to a single injection of 400 mg/kg VPA at gestational day (GD) 12. The offspring, in adulthood, was assessed in four different tests: Elevated Plus Maze and Novelty Suppressed Feeding as measures for anxiety and prepulse inhibition (PPI) and latent inhibition as measures for cognition and information processing. The results show that prenatal VPA significantly increased anxiety in both paradigm, reduced PPI and reduced conditioning in the latent inhibition paradigm. However, we failed to find a significant gene-environment interaction. We propose that this may be related to the timing of the VPA injection and suggest that whereas GD12 might be optimal for affecting normal rat, rats with a genetically compromised serotonergic system may be more sensitive to VPA at earlier time points during gestation. Overall our data are the first to investigate gene * environmental interactions in a genetic rat model for ASD and suggest that timing may be of crucial importance to the long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A Ellenbroek
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Caren August
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jiun Youn
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand
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44
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Sprowles JLN, Hufgard JR, Gutierrez A, Bailey RA, Jablonski SA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Perinatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram alters spatial learning and memory, anxiety, depression, and startle in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 54:39-52. [PMID: 27591973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block the serotonin (5-HT) reuptake transporter (SERT) and increase synaptic 5-HT. 5-HT is also important in brain development; hence when SSRIs are taken during pregnancy there exists the potential for these drugs to affect CNS ontogeny. Prenatal SSRI exposure has been associated with an increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and peripheral 5-HT is elevated in some ASD patients. Perinatal SSRI exposure in rodents has been associated with increased depression and anxiety-like behavior, decreased sociability, and impaired learning in the offspring, behaviors often seen in ASD. The present study investigated whether perinatal exposure to citalopram causes persistent neurobehavioral effects. Gravid Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups and subcutaneously injected twice per day with citalopram (10mg/kg; Cit) or saline (Sal) 6h apart on embryonic day (E)6-21, and then drug was given directly to the pups after delivery from postnatal day (P)1-20. Starting on P60, one male/female from each litter was tested in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM) and open-field before and after MK-801. A second pair from each litter was tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and open-field before and after (+)-amphetamine. A third pair was tested as follows: elevated zero-maze, open-field, marble burying, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, social preference, and forced swim. Cit-exposed rats were impaired in the MWM during acquisition and probe, but not during reversal, shift, or cued trials. Cit-exposed rats also showed increased marble burying, decreased time in the center of the open-field, decreased latency to immobility in forced swim, and increased acoustic startle across prepulse intensities with no effects on CWM. The results are consistent with citalopram inducing several ASD-like effects. The findings add to concerns about use of SSRIs during pregnancy. Further research on different classes of antidepressants, dose-effect relationships, timing of exposure periods, and mechanisms for these effects are needed. It is also important to balance the effects described here against the effects of the disorders for which the drugs are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L N Sprowles
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Jillian R Hufgard
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Rebecca A Bailey
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Sarah A Jablonski
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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45
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Avitsur R, Grinshpahet R, Goren N, Weinstein I, Kirshenboim O, Chlebowski N. Prenatal SSRI alters the hormonal and behavioral responses to stress in female mice: Possible role for glucocorticoid resistance. Horm Behav 2016; 84:41-9. [PMID: 27283378 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Life time prevalence of major depression disorder (MDD) is higher in women compared to men especially during the period surrounding childbirth. Women suffering from MDD during pregnancy use antidepressant medications, particularly Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). These drugs readily cross the placental barrier and impact the developing fetal brain. The present study assessed the effects of prenatal exposure to fluoxetine (FLX), an SSRI antidepressant drug, on corticosterone and behavioral responses to stress in female mice. In young females, prenatal FLX significantly elevated corticosterone response to continuous stress. In adults, prenatal FLX augmented corticosterone response to acute stress and suppressed the response to continuous stress. Additionally, prenatal FLX significantly augmented stress-induced increase in locomotion and reduced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in adult, but not young mice. The dexamethasone suppression test revealed that prenatal FLX induced a state of glucocorticoid resistance in adult females, indicating that the negative feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress was disrupted. These findings provide the first indication of altered hormonal and behavioral responses to continuous stress and suggest a role for the development of glucocorticoid resistance in these effects. According to these findings, prenatal environment may have implications for stress sensitivity and responsiveness to life challenges. Furthermore, this study may assist in understanding the limitations and precautions that should be taken in the use of SSRIs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Avitsur
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Rachel Grinshpahet
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama Goren
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Weinstein
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Or Kirshenboim
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Chlebowski
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
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46
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Glover ME, Clinton SM. Of rodents and humans: A comparative review of the neurobehavioral effects of early life SSRI exposure in preclinical and clinical research. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 51:50-72. [PMID: 27165448 PMCID: PMC4930157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been a mainstay pharmacological treatment for women experiencing depression during pregnancy and postpartum for the past 25 years. SSRIs act via blockade of the presynaptic serotonin transporter and result in a transient increase in synaptic serotonin. Long-lasting changes in cellular function such as serotonergic transmission, neurogenesis, and epigenetics, are thought to underlie the therapeutic benefits of SSRIs. In recent years, though, growing evidence in clinical and preclinical settings indicate that offspring exposed to SSRIs in utero or as neonates exhibit long-lasting behavioral adaptions. Clinically, children exposed to SSRIs in early life exhibit increased internalizing behavior reduced social behavior, and increased risk for depression in adolescence. Similarly, rodents exposed to SSRIs perinatally exhibit increased traits of anxiety- or depression-like behavior. Furthermore, certain individuals appear to be more susceptible to early life SSRI exposure than others, suggesting that perinatal SSRI exposure may pose greater risks for negative outcome within certain populations. Although SSRIs trigger a number of intracellular processes that likely contribute to their therapeutic effects, early life antidepressant exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods may elicit lasting negative effects in offspring. In this review, we cover the basic development and structure of the serotonin system, how the system is affected by early life SSRI exposure, and the behavioral outcomes of perinatal SSRI exposure in both clinical and preclinical settings. We review recent evidence indicating that perinatal SSRI exposure perturbs the developing limbic system, including altered serotonergic transmission, neurogenesis, and epigenetic processes in the hippocampus, which may contribute to behavioral domains (e.g., sociability, cognition, anxiety, and behavioral despair) that are affected by perinatal SSRI treatment. Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie the deleterious behavioral effects of perinatal SSRI exposure may highlight biological mechanisms in the etiology of mood disorders. Moreover, because recent studies suggest that certain individuals may be more susceptible to the negative consequences of early life SSRI exposure than others, understanding mechanisms that drive such susceptibility could lead to individualized treatment strategies for depressed women who are or plan to become pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama-Birmingham, USA.
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47
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Brummelte S, Mc Glanaghy E, Bonnin A, Oberlander TF. Developmental changes in serotonin signaling: Implications for early brain function, behavior and adaptation. Neuroscience 2016; 342:212-231. [PMID: 26905950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in brain development, regulation of mood, stress reactivity and risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus alterations in 5-HT signaling early in life have critical implications for behavior and mental health across the life span. Drawing on preclinical and emerging human evidence this narrative review paper will examine three key aspects when considering the consequences of early life changes in 5-HT: (1) developmental origins of variations of 5-HT signaling; (2) influence of genetic and epigenetic factors; and (3) preclinical and clinical consequences of 5-HT-related changes associated with antidepressant exposure (SSRIs). The developmental consequences of altered prenatal 5-HT signaling varies greatly and outcomes depend on an ongoing interplay between biological (genetic/epigenetic variations) and environmental factors, both pre and postnatally. Emerging evidence suggests that variations in 5-HT signaling may increase sensitivity to risky home environments, but may also amplify a positive response to a nurturing environment. In this sense, factors that change central 5-HT levels may act as 'plasticity' rather than 'risk' factors associated with developmental vulnerability. Understanding the impact of early changes in 5-HT levels offers critical insights that might explain the variations in early typical brain development that underlies behavioral risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - E Mc Glanaghy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Bonnin
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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48
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Karanges EA, Ramos L, Dampney B, Suraev AS, Li KM, McGregor IS, Hunt GE. Contrasting regional Fos expression in adolescent and young adult rats following acute administration of the antidepressant paroxetine. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:246-54. [PMID: 26876759 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents and adults may respond differently to antidepressants, with poorer efficacy and greater probability of adverse effects in adolescents. The mechanisms underlying this differential response are largely unknown, but likely relate to an interaction between the neural effects of antidepressants and brain development. We used Fos immunohistochemistry to examine regional differences in adolescent (postnatal day (PND) 28) and young adult (PND 56) male, Wistar rats given a single injection of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (10mg/kg). Paroxetine induced widespread Fos expression in both adolescent and young adult rats. Commonly affected areas include the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dorsolateral), medial preoptic area, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei and central nucleus of the amygdala. Fos expression was generally lower in adolescents with significantly greater Fos expression observed in young adults in the prelimbic cortex, supraoptic nucleus, basolateral amygdala, lateral parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei. However, a small subset of regions showed greater adolescent Fos expression including the nucleus accumbens shell, lateral habenula and dorsal raphe. Paroxetine increased plasma corticosterone concentrations in young adults, but not adolescents. Plasma paroxetine levels were not significantly different between the age groups. These results indicate a different c-Fos signature of acute paroxetine in adolescent rats, with greater activation in key mesolimbic and serotonergic regions, but a more subdued cortical, brainstem and hypothalamic response. This suggests that the atypical response of adolescents to paroxetine may be related to a blunted neuroendocrine response, combined with insufficient top-down regulation of limbic regions involved in reward and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Karanges
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Linnet Ramos
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bruno Dampney
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Kong M Li
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Iain S McGregor
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Glenn E Hunt
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia.
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49
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Martín-Aragón S, Villar Á, Benedí J. Age-dependent effects of esculetin on mood-related behavior and cognition from stressed mice are associated with restoring brain antioxidant status. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:1-16. [PMID: 26290950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants might exert an important role in the aging process by relieving oxidative damage, a likely cause of age-associated brain dysfunctions. This study aims to investigate the influence of esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin), a naturally occurring antioxidant in the diet, on mood-related behaviors and cognitive function and its relation with age and brain oxidative damage. Behavioral tests were employed in 11-, 17- and 22-month-old male C57BL/6J mice upon an oral 35day-esculetin treatment (25mg/kg). Activity of antioxidant enzymes, GSH and GSSG levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and mitochondrial function were analyzed in brain cortex at the end of treatment in order to assess the oxidative status related to mouse behavior. Esculetin treatment attenuated the increased immobility time and enhanced the diminished climbing time in the forced swim task elicited by acute restraint stress (ARS) in the 11- and 17-month-old mice versus their counterpart controls. Furthermore, ARS caused an impairment of contextual memory in the step-through passive avoidance both in mature adult and aged mice which was partially reversed by esculetin only in the 11-month-old mice. Esculetin was effective to prevent the ARS-induced oxidative stress mostly in mature adult mice by restoring antioxidant enzyme activities, augmenting the GSH/GSSG ratio and increasing cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity in cortex. Modulation of the mood-related behavior and cognitive function upon esculetin treatment in a mouse model of ARS depends on age and is partly due to the enhancement of redox status and levels of COX activity in cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Martín-Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Villar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Iñiguez SD, Riggs LM, Nieto SJ, Wright KN, Zamora NN, Cruz B, Zavala AR, Robison AJ, Mazei-Robison MS. Fluoxetine exposure during adolescence increases preference for cocaine in adulthood. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15009. [PMID: 26449406 PMCID: PMC4598853 DOI: 10.1038/srep15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a high prevalence of antidepressant prescription rates within juvenile populations, yet little is known about the potential long-lasting consequences of such treatments, particularly on subsequent responses to drugs of abuse. To address this issue at the preclinical level, we examined whether adolescent exposure to fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, results in changes to the sensitivity of the rewarding properties of cocaine in adulthood. Separate groups of male c57bl/6 mice were exposed to FLX (0 or 20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days either during adolescence (postnatal days [PD] 35–49) or adulthood (PD 65–79). Twenty-one days after FLX treatment, behavioral responsivity to cocaine (0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) conditioned place preference was assessed. Our data shows that mice pretreated with FLX during adolescence, but not during adulthood, display an enhanced dose-dependent preference to the environment paired with cocaine (5 or 10 mg/kg) when compared to age-matched saline pretreated controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that adolescent exposure to FLX increases sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine, later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | | | - Norma N Zamora
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Arturo R Zavala
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, Michigan, MI, USA
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