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Vidal JP, Rachita K, Servais A, Péran P, Pariente J, Bonneville F, Albucher JF, Danet L, Barbeau EJ. Exploring the impact of the interthalamic adhesion on human cognition: insights from healthy subjects and thalamic stroke patients. J Neurol 2024; 271:5985-5996. [PMID: 39017701 PMCID: PMC11377548 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The interthalamic adhesion (IA) is a structure that connects the median borders of both thalami. Its anatomical variants and functions remain poorly studied. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of the IA on cognition. 42 healthy subjects and 40 patients with chronic isolated thalamic strokes underwent a neuroimaging and a neuropsychological assessment. The presence, absence, or lesion of the IA and its anatomical variants were evaluated. 76% of participants had an IA, with a higher prevalence among women (92%) than men (61%). The presence or absence of an IA did not affect the neuropsychological performance of healthy subjects nor did the type of IA variant. Across all the tests and when compared to healthy subjects using a Bayesian rmANOVA, patients exhibiting more cognitive impairments were those without an IA (n = 10, BF10 = 10,648), while those with an IA were more preserved (n = 18, BF10 = 157). More specifically, patients without an IA performed more poorly in verbal memory or the Stroop task versus healthy subjects. This was not explained by age, laterality of the infarct, volume or localization of the lesion. Patients with a lesioned IA (n = 12) presented a similar trend to patients without an IA, which could however be explained by a greater volume of lesions. The IA does not appear to play a major role in cognition in healthy subjects, but could play a compensatory role in patients with thalamic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie P Vidal
- CerCo (Brain and Cognition Research Center), CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- ToNiC (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center), INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
| | - Kévin Rachita
- Neurology Department, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Servais
- CerCo (Brain and Cognition Research Center), CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNiC (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center), INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- ToNiC (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center), INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Bonneville
- ToNiC (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center), INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Albucher
- ToNiC (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center), INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Lola Danet
- ToNiC (Toulouse NeuroImaging Center), INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Neurology Department, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- CerCo (Brain and Cognition Research Center), CNRS, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Nedelcu AH, Lupu VV, Lupu A, Tepordei RT, Ioniuc I, Stan CI, Vicoleanu SAP, Haliciu AM, Statescu G, Ursaru M, Danielescu C, Tarniceriu CC. Triangular fossa of the third cerebral ventricle - an original 3D model and morphometric study. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1398858. [PMID: 39135984 PMCID: PMC11317240 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1398858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The triangular recess (TR), also called triangular fossa or vulva cerebri, represents the anterior extension of the diencephalic ventricle, located between the anterior columns of the fornix and the anterior white commissure. Over time, this structure of the third cerebral ventricle generated many disputes. While some anatomists support its presence, others have opposite opinions, considering that it only becomes visible under certain conditions. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the tangible structure of the triangular recess. Secondly, the quantitative analysis allowed us to establish an anatomical morphometric standard, as well as the deviations from the standard. Materials and methods Our study is both a quantitative and a qualitative evaluation of the triangular fossa. We dissected 100 non-neurological adult brains, which were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for 10 weeks. The samples are part of the collection of the Institute of Anatomy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi. We highlighted the triangular fossa by performing dissections in two stages at the level of the roof of the III ventricle. Results The qualitative analysis is a re-evaluation of the classical data concerning the anatomy of the fossa triangularis. We proposed an original 3D model of the triangular recess in which we described a superficial part called vestibule and a deep part called pars profunda. We measured the sides of the communication between the two proposed segments, as well as the communication with the III ventricle. By applying the Heron's formula, we calculated the area of the two communications. Statistical evaluations have shown that these communications are higher than they are wide. In addition, there is a statistical difference between the surfaces of the two communications: 34.07 mm2 ± 7.01 vs. 271.43 mm2 ± 46.36 (p = 0.001). Conclusion The outcome of our study is both qualitative and quantitative. Firstly, we demonstrated the existence of the triangular fossa and we conceived a spatial division of this structure. Secondly, the measurements carried out establish an anatomo-morphometric norm of the triangular recess, which is useful in assessing the degree of hydrocephalus during the third endoscopic ventriculoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Horatiu Nedelcu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan Tudor Tepordei
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristinel Ionel Stan
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Alice Partene Vicoleanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Haliciu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Statescu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ursaru
- Department of Surgical Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Danielescu
- Department of Surgical Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Claudia Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Science I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Asghar A, Narayan RK, Kumar P, Ravi KS, Tubbs RS, Patra A, Naaz S. Absence of the interthalamic adhesion (ITA) as a neuroanatomical association or risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:985-994. [PMID: 38108053 PMCID: PMC10725209 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_744_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to provide an up-to-date account of the frequency of "the absence of interthalamic adhesion (AITA) as a risk factor or association" in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients. Owing to the increased interest in the contribution of ITA to neurological function in previous literature, a meta-analysis of its frequency and sex dependency is required. Aim This study aimed to study whether the AITA is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Settings and Design This study is a meta-analysis and systemic review. Methods and Material Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the keywords "interthalamic adhesion," "massa intermedia," "adhesio interthalamica," and "adhesion" along with the Boolean operators (OR, AND, and NOT). Three reviewers independently assessed the abstracts and full texts for validation based on the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 for descriptive studies and RevMan 5.2 for comparative studies. Results The incidence of absent ITA was 15.3% in healthy subjects and 28.76% in neuropsychiatric subjects. The relative probability of AITA was 2.30 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.96-2.70] in neuropsychiatric illness. Healthy men were 1.91 times more likely, and men with neuropsychiatric disorders were 1.82 times more likely to have absent ITA than women. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, a consistent association of AITA with psychiatric disorders was observed, rendering the condition to be treated as an associated risk factor affecting the function of the habenula nuclear complex via the stria medullaris thalami. A cohort or longitudinal study is needed to compare the incidence of psychiatric disorders in individuals with or without ITA and to calculate the attributed risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ravi K. Narayan
- Department of Anatomy, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kumar S. Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Apurba Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shagufta Naaz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Vastani A, Al-Faiadh W, O Chieng D, Siddiqui A, Bleil C, Singh R, Zebian B. Obstructive hydrocephalus due to an enlarged massa intermedia treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Br J Neurosurg 2023:1-4. [PMID: 36647190 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2159924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The massa intermedia (MI) or interthalamic adhesion (ITA) is a band of tissue connecting the medial surfaces of the thalami and is present in the majority of healthy individuals. Its enlargement as well as its absence have been associated with some pathological states.We describe the first case report of a 3-year-old child presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus in the context of an enlarged massa intermedia. The patient's symptoms abated following an endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Vastani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Wisam Al-Faiadh
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Dan O Chieng
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Ata Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroradiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Cristina Bleil
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Neurology, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bassel Zebian
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. The Prevalence, Location, and Dimensions Of Interthalamic Adhesions and Their Clinical Significance: Corpse Brain Analysis. Asian J Neurosurg 2022; 17:600-605. [PMID: 36570759 PMCID: PMC9771615 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interthalamic adhesion (ITA) or massa intermedia is a midline rod-like neural structure interconnecting the medial surfaces of two thalami. Its absence is considered as a midline defect associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, location, and dimensions of the ITA in South Asian brains. Materials and Methods One hundred midsagittal sections of adult cadaveric brains were examined for the presence or absence of ITAs, their location about the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and their dimensions. Results ITA was found in 86 sections. In two cases, it was double. There was no significant relationship between the incidence of ITAs and sex ( p > 0.05). The ITA was most commonly located in the anterosuperior quadrant. The horizontal diameter was 4.61 ± 1.17 mm, and the vertical diameter was 3.10 ± 0.78 mm. In all cases, the horizontal diameter was longer than the vertical. The average area of the ITA was significantly larger in females (17.56 ± 5.26 mm 2 ) than in males (13.62 ± 5.22 mm 2 ) ( p = 0.025). Conclusion Presence of ITA is common in South Asian brains, with usual location in the anterosuperior quadrant of the lateral wall of the third ventricle. The cross-sectional area of the ITA was significantly larger in females than in males. No correlation was found between the surface area of the ITA and the length of the third ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India,Address for correspondence Apurba Patra, MD, DNB, MNAMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences BathindaBathinda, Punjab, 151001India
| | - Kumar Satish Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adil Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
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Parra JED, Ripoll ÁP, García JFV. Interthalamic adhesion in humans: a gray commissure? Anat Cell Biol 2021; 55:109-112. [PMID: 34675136 PMCID: PMC8968232 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interthalamic adhesion is an inconstant part of the human diencephalic neuroanatomy, which some histological studies have indicated it is a gray commissure and others a white commissure. Its presence has been associated with alterations in health status, including schizophrenia, psychotic states, and hydrocephalus. Thirty-one fresh human brains were evaluated randomly, to determine the presence of interthalamic adhesion and its histological composition, by way of lamina terminalis puncture of the third ventricle. Photographic records were taken and histological processes was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, in the case of the existence of the adhesion. It was found that 51.71% did present interthalamic adhesion, and on histological examination, no neuron bodies were found in the median part, which implies that does not correspond to a gray commissure, but interthalamic adhesion in humans is variable, with a predominance of glial cells. There is no gray commissure in human interthalamic adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Eduardo Duque Parra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.,Medicine Program, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Álex Pava Ripoll
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.,Medicine Program, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Vélez García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
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Potential contribution of pineal atrophy and pineal cysts toward vulnerability and clinical characteristics of psychosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102805. [PMID: 34461434 PMCID: PMC8405969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported pineal gland atrophy in schizophrenia patients and individuals at a clinical high risk of developing psychosis, implicating abnormalities in melatonin secretion in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it currently remains unclear whether the morphology of the pineal gland contributes to symptomatology and sociocognitive functions. METHODS This MRI study examined pineal gland volumes and the prevalence of pineal cysts as well as their relationship with clinical characteristics in 57 at risk mental state (ARMS) subjects, 63 patients with schizophrenia, and 61 healthy controls. The Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) were used to assess sociocognitive functions, while the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was employed to evaluate clinical symptoms in ARMS subjects and schizophrenia patients. RESULTS Pineal gland volumes were significantly smaller in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups than in the controls, while no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts. Although BACS, SCoRS, and SOFAS scores were not associated with pineal morphology, patients with pineal cysts in the schizophrenia group exhibited severe positive psychotic symptoms with rather mild negative symptoms. CONCLUSION The present results indicate the potential of pineal atrophy as a vulnerability marker in various stages of psychosis and suggest that pineal cysts influence the clinical subtype of schizophrenia.
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The adhesio interthalamica as a neuroanatomical marker of structural differences in healthy adult population. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1871-1878. [PMID: 34014400 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The adhesio interthalamica (AI) is a small midline brain structure that connects the left and right thalamus. According to in vivo data, between 2.3 and 22.3% of the general population lack the AI, and the question of whether this absence is more prevalent in males than in females is a matter of debate. Despite the existence of these demographic figures, it remains unclear how this distinctive feature affects healthy people, or what specific anatomic profile is related to the presence or absence of the AI. The aim of this study was to investigate whole-brain gray matter (GM) volumetric differences depending on the presence or absence of the AI. A total of 240 healthy adult volunteers completed one MRI scanning session. After the AI assessment, the data from 110 participants were included in the final sample, of which 12.9% of the participants (n = 31) presented complete AI absence vs. 32.9% of participants (n = 79) who presented complete AI presence. Then, whole-brain group comparison analysis revealed that the absent AI brain, compared to the present AI brain, was associated with lower GM volume in the premotor cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior temporal cortex. Interestingly, neuroscience research has linked emotional and cognitive control brain processing to the latter two regions. The importance of these findings lies in providing a neuroanatomical profile for the absent AI brain in healthy human adults.
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Dump the "dimorphism": Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:667-697. [PMID: 33621637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem data, emphasizing meta-analyses and other large studies, which collectively reveal few reliable sex/gender differences and a history of unreplicated claims. Males' brains are larger than females' from birth, stabilizing around 11 % in adults. This size difference accounts for other reproducible findings: higher white/gray matter ratio, intra- versus interhemispheric connectivity, and regional cortical and subcortical volumes in males. But when structural and lateralization differences are present independent of size, sex/gender explains only about 1% of total variance. Connectome differences and multivariate sex/gender prediction are largely based on brain size, and perform poorly across diverse populations. Task-based fMRI has especially failed to find reproducible activation differences between men and women in verbal, spatial or emotion processing due to high rates of false discovery. Overall, male/female brain differences appear trivial and population-specific. The human brain is not "sexually dimorphic."
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Borghei A, Kapucu I, Dawe R, Kocak M, Sani S. Structural connectivity of the human massa intermedia: A probabilistic tractography study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1794-1804. [PMID: 33471942 PMCID: PMC7978115 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of massa intermedia (MI) is poorly understood in humans. Recent studies suggest its presence may play a role in normal human neurocognitive function while prior studies have shown the absence of MI correlated with psychiatric disorders. There is growing evidence that MI is likely a midline white matter conduit, responsible for interhemispheric connectivity, similar to other midline commissures. MI presence was identified in an unrelated sample using the Human Connectome Project database. MI structural connectivity maps were created and gray matter target regions were identified using probabilistic tractography of the whole brain. Probabilistic tractography revealed an extensive network of connections between MI and limbic, frontal and temporal lobes as well as insula and pericalcarine cortices. Women compared to men had stronger connectivity via their MI. The presented results support the role of MI as a midline commissure with strong connectivity to the amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Borghei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Irem Kapucu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Johnston R Bowman Health Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Dawe
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Johnston R Bowman Health Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sepehr Sani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Takahashi T, Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Furuichi A, Kido M, Pham TV, Kobayashi H, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Increased Heschl's Gyrus Duplication in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Cross-Sectional MRI Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:40. [PMID: 33445715 PMCID: PMC7828168 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplicated Heschl's gyrus (HG) is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and may reflect early neurodevelopmental anomalies. However, it currently remains unclear whether patients with schizotypal disorder, a prototypic disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum, exhibit a similar HG gyrification pattern. In this magnetic resonance imaging study, HG gyrification patterns were examined in 47 patients with schizotypal disorder, 111 with schizophrenia, and 88 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. HG gyrification patterns were classified as single, common stem duplication (CSD), or complete posterior duplication (CPD). The prevalence of the duplicated HG patterns (CSD or CPD) bilaterally was higher in the schizophrenia and schizotypal groups than in healthy controls, whereas no significant difference was observed between the schizophrenia and schizotypal groups. Schizophrenia patients with the right CPD pattern had less severe positive symptoms, whereas the right single HG pattern was associated with higher doses of antipsychotic medication in schizotypal patients. The present study demonstrated shared HG gyrification patterns in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which may reflect a common biological vulnerability factor. HG patterns may also be associated with susceptibility to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama 939-2704, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tien Viet Pham
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Haruko Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (D.S.); (Y.T.); (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.V.P.); (H.K.); (M.S.)
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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12
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Prevalence and anatomical characteristics of the human massa intermedia. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:471-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Dolleman-van der Weel MJ, Witter MP. The thalamic midline nucleus reuniens: potential relevance for schizophrenia and epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:422-439. [PMID: 33031816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioral studies in rodents have shown that the thalamic midline nucleus reuniens (RE) is a crucial link in the communication between hippocampal formation (HIP, i.e., CA1, subiculum) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), important structures for cognitive and executive functions. A common feature in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative brain diseases is a dysfunctional connectivity/communication between HIP and mPFC, and disturbances in the cognitive domain. Therefore, it is assumed that aberrant functioning of RE may contribute to behavioral/cognitive impairments in brain diseases characterized by cortico-thalamo-hippocampal circuit dysfunctions. In the human brain the connections of RE are largely unknown. Yet, recent studies have found important similarities in the functional connectivity of HIP-mPFC-RE in humans and rodents, making cautious extrapolating experimental findings from animal models to humans justifiable. The focus of this review is on a potential involvement of RE in schizophrenia and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dolleman-van der Weel
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
| | - M P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
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14
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Glioma consensus contouring recommendations from a MR-Linac International Consortium Research Group and evaluation of a CT-MRI and MRI-only workflow. J Neurooncol 2020; 149:305-314. [PMID: 32860571 PMCID: PMC7541359 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study proposes contouring recommendations for radiation treatment planning target volumes and organs-at-risk (OARs) for both low grade and high grade gliomas. Methods Ten cases consisting of 5 glioblastomas and 5 grade II or III gliomas, including their respective gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), and OARs were each contoured by 6 experienced neuro-radiation oncologists from 5 international institutions. Each case was first contoured using only MRI sequences (MRI-only), and then re-contoured with the addition of a fused planning CT (CT-MRI). The level of agreement among all contours was assessed using simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) with the kappa statistic and Dice similarity coefficient. Results A high level of agreement was observed between the GTV and CTV contours in the MRI-only workflow with a mean kappa of 0.88 and 0.89, respectively, with no statistically significant differences compared to the CT-MRI workflow (p = 0.88 and p = 0.82 for GTV and CTV, respectively). Agreement in cochlea contours improved from a mean kappa of 0.39 to 0.41, to 0.69 to 0.71 with the addition of CT information (p < 0.0001 for both cochleae). Substantial to near perfect level of agreement was observed in all other contoured OARs with a mean kappa range of 0.60 to 0.90 in both MRI-only and CT-MRI workflows. Conclusions Consensus contouring recommendations for low grade and high grade gliomas were established using the results from the consensus STAPLE contours, which will serve as a basis for further study and clinical trials by the MR-Linac Consortium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-020-03605-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Whitehead MT, Najim N. Thalamic Massa Intermedia in Children with and without Midline Brain Malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:729-735. [PMID: 32115420 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The massa intermedia is a normal midline transventricular thalamic connection. Massa intermedia aberrations are common in schizophrenia, Chiari II malformation, X-linked hydrocephalus, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia, among others. We have noticed that massa intermedia abnormalities often accompany other midline malformations. The massa intermedia has never been formally evaluated in a group of exclusively pediatric patients, to our knowledge. We sought to compare and contrast the prevalence, size, and location of the massa intermedia in pediatric patients with and without congenital midline brain abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Successive 3T brain MR imaging examinations from pediatric patients with and without midline malformations were procured from the imaging data base at a pediatric hospital. Massa intermedia presence, size, morphology, and position were determined using 3D-TIWI with 1-mm isotropic resolution. The brain commissures, septum pellucidum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, vermis, and brain stem were evaluated to determine whether alterations were related to or predictive of massa intermedia abnormalities. RESULTS The massa intermedia was more frequently absent, dysmorphic, and/or displaced in patients with additional midline abnormalities than in those without. The massa intermedia was absent in 40% of patients with midline malformations versus 12% of patients with normal findings (P < .001). Massa intermedia absence, surface area, and morphology were predictable by various attributes and alterations of the commissures, hippocampus, hypothalamus, vermis, brain stem, and third ventricle. CONCLUSIONS Most pediatric patients have a thalamic massa intermedia centered in the anterior/superior third ventricle. Massa intermedia abnormalities are commonly associated with other midline malformations. Normal-variant massa intermedia absence is a diagnosis of exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Whitehead
- From the Department of Radiology (M.T.W., N.N.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC .,The George Washington University Hospital (M.T.W.), Washington, DC
| | - N Najim
- From the Department of Radiology (M.T.W., N.N.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
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16
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Borghei A, Cothran T, Brahimaj B, Sani S. Role of massa intermedia in human neurocognitive processing. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:985-993. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Dolleman-van der Weel MJ, Griffin AL, Ito HT, Shapiro ML, Witter MP, Vertes RP, Allen TA. The nucleus reuniens of the thalamus sits at the nexus of a hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex circuit enabling memory and behavior. Learn Mem 2019; 26:191-205. [PMID: 31209114 PMCID: PMC6581009 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048389.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (RE) is a key component of an extensive network of hippocampal and cortical structures and is a fundamental substrate for cognition. A common misconception is that RE is a simple relay structure. Instead, a better conceptualization is that RE is a critical component of a canonical higher-order cortico-thalamo-cortical circuit that supports communication between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HC). RE dysfunction is implicated in several clinical disorders including, but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. Here, we review key anatomical and physiological features of the RE based primarily on studies in rodents. We present a conceptual model of RE circuitry within the mPFC-RE-HC system and speculate on the computations RE enables. We review the rapidly growing literature demonstrating that RE is critical to, and its neurons represent, aspects of behavioral tasks that place demands on memory focusing on its role in navigation, spatial working memory, the temporal organization of memory, and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet J Dolleman-van der Weel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam NL-1007MB, The Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Amy L Griffin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Hiroshi T Ito
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthew L Shapiro
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Robert P Vertes
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - Timothy A Allen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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18
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Yasaka K, Akai H, Kunimatsu A, Kiryu S, Abe O. Factors associated with the size of the adhesio interthalamica based on 3.0-T magnetic resonance images. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:113-119. [PMID: 29742919 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118774952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesio interthalamica (AI) is a small structure connecting bilateral thalami. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of patient age, sex, and lateral diameter of the third ventricle on the long diameter of the AI using multivariate analyses based on magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with 3.0-T scanners. MATERIAL AND METHODS This clinical retrospective study included images of 153 patients who underwent MR examination using 3.0-T scanners. The long diameter of the AI and lateral diameter of the third ventricle were measured on images in the mid-sagittal plane and axial plane at the anterior commissure, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS AI was observed in 138 patients (70 men, 68 women; mean age = 63.7 ± 13.7 years; mean AI size =5.34 ± 1.63 mm). By univariate analyses, patient age (r = -0.262, P = 0.002), sex ( P = 0.010), and lateral diameter of the third ventricle (r = -0.642, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the long diameter of the AI. With multiple linear regression analyses with a stepwise selection of parameters, only the lateral diameter of the third ventricle (estimate = -0.432, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with the long diameter of the AI. The lateral diameter of the third ventricle was longer in patients without AI (15 patients) than in those with AI ( P = 0.006). CONCLUSION The lateral diameter of the third ventricle was a major factor negatively associated with the long diameter of the AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Yasaka
- Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akai
- Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kunimatsu
- Department of Radiology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kiryu
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Takahashi T, Suzuki M. Brain morphologic changes in early stages of psychosis: Implications for clinical application and early intervention. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:556-571. [PMID: 29717522 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, a large number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been conducted in schizophrenia, which generally demonstrate gray matter reduction, predominantly in the frontal and temporo-limbic regions, as well as gross brain abnormalities (e.g., a deviated sulcogyral pattern). Although the causes as well as timing and course of these findings remain elusive, these morphologic changes (especially gross brain abnormalities and medial temporal lobe atrophy) are likely present at illness onset, possibly reflecting early neurodevelopmental abnormalities. In addition, longitudinal MRI studies suggest that patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses also have progressive gray matter reduction during the transition period from prodrome to overt psychosis, as well as initial periods after psychosis onset, while such changes may become almost stable in the chronic stage. These active brain changes during the early phases seem to be relevant to the development of clinical symptoms in a region-specific manner (e.g., superior temporal gyrus atrophy and positive psychotic symptoms), but may be at least partly ameliorated by antipsychotic medication. Recently, increasing evidence from MRI findings in individuals at risk for developing psychosis has suggested that those who subsequently develop psychosis have baseline brain changes, which could be at least partly predictive of later transition into psychosis. In this article, we selectively review previous MRI findings during the course of psychosis and also refer to the possible clinical applicability of these neuroimaging research findings, especially in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and early intervention for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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20
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Identification of Stria Medullaris Fibers in the Massa Intermedia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e497-e504. [PMID: 29408589 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massa intermedia (MI) or interthalamic adhesion is an inconsistent band spanning between bilateral medial thalami that is absent in up to 20%-30% of individuals. Little is known of its significance, especially in regard to functional pathways. Probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has recently been used to seed the lateral habenula and define its afferent white matter pathway, the stria medullaris thalami (SM). We sought to determine whether the MI serves as a conduit for crossing of limbic fibers such as the SM. METHODS Probabilistic DTI was performed on 10 subjects who had presence of a MI as visualized on magnetic resonance imaging. Tractography was also performed on 2 subjects without MI. Manual identification of the lateral habenula on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used for the initial seed region for tractography. RESULTS In all subjects, the SM was reliably visualized. In 7 of the 10 subjects with MI, there was evidence of SM fibers that crossed to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Three subjects with small diameter MI did not have tractographic evidence of crossing SM fibers. Of the 7 subjects with crossing SM fibers within the MI, 5 showed predilection toward the right orbitofrontal cortex from both the left and right seed regions. CONCLUSIONS Probabilistic DTI provides evidence of SM fibers within the MI. Given its anatomic location as a bridging pathway between thalami, further studies are necessary to assess its role within the limbic functional network.
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21
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Trzesniak C, Linares IM, Coimbra ÉR, Júnior AV, Velasco TR, Santos AC, Hallak JE, Sakamoto AC, Busatto GF, Crippa JA. Adhesio interthalamica and cavum septum pellucidum in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:849-56. [PMID: 26497889 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The absence of the adhesio interthalamica (AI; also called interthalamic adhesion or massa intermedia) and the presence of a large cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) later in life have been related to neurodevelopmental alterations and have not been systematically investigated in epilepsy to date. This study carried out a MRI evaluation of the AI and CSP in a large sample with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). A total of 179 patients, classified according to the side of the epileptogenic focus, and 156 age- and sex-balanced healthy controls were assessed. Between-group comparisons of the prevalence and length of both AI and CSP were conducted. Neuropsychological assessments were also performed in 160 MTLE patients. The patients exhibited reduction in the AI prevalence (P < 0.05; FDR-uncorrected) and length (P < 0.05; FDR-corrected) when compared to controls. Patients without AI showed lower scores in a proportion of neuropsychological tests than patients with AI. No CSP differences were found between MTLE patients and controls. These results support that AI anomalies have clinical significance in MTLE, as well as indicate that neurodevelopmental alterations may be implicated in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Trzesniak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ila M Linares
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Érica R Coimbra
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Veriano Júnior
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tonicarlo R Velasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Americo C Sakamoto
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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22
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Takahashi T, Takayanagi Y, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Komori Y, Furuichi A, Kido M, Sasabayashi D, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Brain neurodevelopmental markers related to the deficit subtype of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 266:10-18. [PMID: 28549318 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia is a homogeneous subtype characterized by a trait-like feature of primary and prominent negative symptoms, but the etiologic factors related to this specific subtype remain largely unknown. This magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine gross brain morphology that probably reflects early neurodevelopment in 38 patients with deficit schizophrenia, 37 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, and 59 healthy controls. Potential brain neurodevelopmental markers investigated in this study were the adhesio interthalamica (AI), cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), and surface morphology (i.e., olfactory sulcus depth, sulcogyral pattern, and number of orbital sulci) of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The subtype classification of schizophrenia patients was based on the score of Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome. The deficit schizophrenia group had a significantly shorter AI compared with the non-deficit group and controls. The deficit group, but not the non-deficit group, was also characterized by an altered distribution of the OFC sulcogyral pattern, as well as fewer posterior orbital sulcus compared with controls. Other neurodevelopmental markers did not differentiate the deficit and non-deficit subgroups. These results suggest that the deficit subtype of schizophrenia and its clinical manifestation may be at least partly related to prominent neurodevelopmental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Komori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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23
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Nord CL, Valton V, Wood J, Roiser JP. Power-up: A Reanalysis of 'Power Failure' in Neuroscience Using Mixture Modeling. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8051-8061. [PMID: 28706080 PMCID: PMC5566862 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3592-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, evidence for endemically low statistical power has cast neuroscience findings into doubt. If low statistical power plagues neuroscience, then this reduces confidence in the reported effects. However, if statistical power is not uniformly low, then such blanket mistrust might not be warranted. Here, we provide a different perspective on this issue, analyzing data from an influential study reporting a median power of 21% across 49 meta-analyses (Button et al., 2013). We demonstrate, using Gaussian mixture modeling, that the sample of 730 studies included in that analysis comprises several subcomponents so the use of a single summary statistic is insufficient to characterize the nature of the distribution. We find that statistical power is extremely low for studies included in meta-analyses that reported a null result and that it varies substantially across subfields of neuroscience, with particularly low power in candidate gene association studies. Therefore, whereas power in neuroscience remains a critical issue, the notion that studies are systematically underpowered is not the full story: low power is far from a universal problem.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recently, researchers across the biomedical and psychological sciences have become concerned with the reliability of results. One marker for reliability is statistical power: the probability of finding a statistically significant result given that the effect exists. Previous evidence suggests that statistical power is low across the field of neuroscience. Our results present a more comprehensive picture of statistical power in neuroscience: on average, studies are indeed underpowered-some very seriously so-but many studies show acceptable or even exemplary statistical power. We show that this heterogeneity in statistical power is common across most subfields in neuroscience. This new, more nuanced picture of statistical power in neuroscience could affect not only scientific understanding, but potentially policy and funding decisions for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L Nord
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Vincent Valton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - John Wood
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom, and
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24
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He A, Song D, Zhang L, Li C. Unveiling the relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of prophylactic medications for migraine: pairwise and network-meta analysis. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:26. [PMID: 28220376 PMCID: PMC5318356 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number patients struggle with migraine which is classified as a chronic disorder. The relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of prophylactic medications for migraine play a key role in managing this disease. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search for popular prophylactic medications that are used for migraine patients. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were carried out sequentially for determining the relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of prophylactic medications. Summary effect for migraine headache days, headache frequency, at least 50% reduction in headache attacks, all-adverse events, nausea, somnolence, dizziness, withdrawal and withdrawal due to adverse events were produced by synthesizing both direct and indirect evidence. RESULTS Patients with three interventions exhibited significantly less average migraine headache days compared with those treated by placebo (topiramate, propranolol, divalproex). Moreover, topiramate and valproate exhibited a significantly increased likelihood of at least 50% reduction in migraine headache attacks compared to placebo. Patients with topiramate and propranolol also exhibited significantly reduced headache frequency compared to those with placebo. On the other hand, patients with divalproex exhibited significantly higher risk of nausea compared to those with placebo, topiramate, propranolol, gabapentin and amitriptyline. Finally, divalproex was associated with an increased risk of withdrawal compared to placebo and propranolol. CONCLUSIONS Topiramate, propranolol and divalproex may be more efficacious than other prophylactic medications. Besides, the safety and tolerability of divalproex should be further verified by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie He
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, 264000, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Dehua Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, 264000, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 264000, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Xingfu Road, Zhifu Disctrict, 264000, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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25
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Damle NR, Ikuta T, John M, Peters BD, DeRosse P, Malhotra AK, Szeszko PR. Relationship among interthalamic adhesion size, thalamic anatomy and neuropsychological functions in healthy volunteers. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2183-2192. [PMID: 27866270 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interthalamic adhesion (ITA) is an understudied neuroanatomical structure that forms a bridge of tissue connecting the thalamus of each hemisphere across the midline whose functional significance remains largely unknown. The likelihood of ITA absence has been reported in some studies to be increased in males, but findings have been inconsistent. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the size and absence of the ITA and their relationship to thalamic volume, putative indices of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) within the anterior thalamic radiation and neuropsychological functions in 233 (129 M/104 F) healthy volunteers (age range 8-68). To ensure high reliability in this study two operators independently rated the absence of the ITA and measured its size for all individuals. The ITA was absent in 4% of all individuals with no sex differences in its absence. Females had greater ITA size compared to males overall with both groups demonstrating nonlinear age-associated changes across the age range examined. ITA size among females correlated significantly with thalamus volume and lower mean diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiation. Path modeling indicated that ITA size statistically mediated the relationship between age and attention among females. Our findings provide evidence for sex differences in ITA size across the lifespan, which are associated with the surrounding thalamic anatomy and neuropsychological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Majnu John
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Bart D Peters
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Care Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Schwehm A, Robinson DG, Gallego JA, Karlsgodt KH, Ikuta T, Peters BD, Malhotra AK, Szeszko PR. Age and Sex Effects on White Matter Tracts in Psychosis from Adolescence through Middle Adulthood. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2473-80. [PMID: 27067129 PMCID: PMC4987845 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is controversy regarding specificity of white matter abnormalities in psychosis, their deviation from healthy aging, and the influence of sex on these measures. We used diffusion tensor imaging to characterize putative white matter microstructure in 224 patients with psychosis and healthy volunteers across the age range of 15-64 years. Sixty-five younger (age <30 years; 47M/18F) patients with psychosis (all experiencing a first episode of illness) and 48 older (age ⩾30 years; 30M/18F) patients were age-matched to younger and older healthy volunteer groups (N=63 (40M/23F) and N=48 (29M/19F), respectively). The trajectories of two inter-hemispheric (splenium and genu), two projection (cortico-pontine and anterior thalamic), and five bilateral association (inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, cingulum, and uncinate) tracts were quantified using tractography to derive measures of fractional anisotropy and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity. Fractional anisotropy was significantly lower in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus in all patients compared with all healthy volunteers, with comparable effect sizes observed in both the younger and older patients compared with their respective healthy volunteer groups. Moreover, age-associated differences in fractional anisotropy within these tracts were comparable between groups across the age span. In addition, female patients had significantly lower fractional anisotropy across all tracts compared with female controls regardless of age. Our findings demonstrate comparable putative white matter abnormalities in two independent samples of patients with psychosis and argue against their progression in patients. These data further highlight the novel and potentially underappreciated role of sex in understanding white matter dysfunction in the neurobiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Schwehm
- Department of Psychology, St John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bart D Peters
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore – LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Care Center, 130W Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA, Tel: +1 718 584 9000 ext 5869, Fax: +1 718 741 4703, E-mail:
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27
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Landin-Romero R, Amann BL, Sarró S, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Vicens V, Rodriguez-Cano E, Vieta E, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E, Radua J. Midline Brain Abnormalities Across Psychotic and Mood Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:229-38. [PMID: 26187283 PMCID: PMC4681552 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia are known to have increased prevalence of abnormalities in midline brain structures, such as a failure of the septum pellucidum to fuse (cavum septum pellucidum) and the absence of the adhesio interthalamica. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of these abnormalities across a large multidiagnostic sample. Presence of cavum septum pellucidum and absence of the adhesio interthalamica was assessed in 639 patients with chronic schizophrenia, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or a first episode of psychosis, mania or unipolar depression. This was compared with 223 healthy controls using logistic-regression-derived odds ratios (OR). Patients with psychotic or mood disorders showed an increased prevalence of both abnormalities (OR of cavum septum pellucidum = 2.1, OR of absence of the adhesio interthalamica = 2.6, OR of both cavum septum pellucidum and absence of the adhesio interthalamica = 3.8, all P < .001). This increased prevalence was separately observed in nearly all disorders as well as after controlling for potential confounding factors. This study supports a general increased prevalence of midline brain abnormalities across mood and psychotic disorders. This nonspecificity may suggest that these disorders share a common neurodevelopmental etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedikt L. Amann
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Dr Antoni Pujadas 38, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; tel: +34 936529999, fax: +34 936400268, e-mail:
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Vicens
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Cano
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain;,Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain;,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain;,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
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28
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Takahashi T, Nakamura M, Nakamura Y, Aleksic B, Kido M, Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Furuichi A, Nishikawa Y, Noguchi K, Ozaki N, Suzuki M. The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 Ser704Cys polymorphism and brain neurodevelopmental markers in schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:11-7. [PMID: 25092219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has implicated the role of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, in early neurodevelopmental processes. However, the effect of its genotype variation on brain morphologic changes related to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia remains largely unknown. This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the association between DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism and a range of brain neurodevelopmental markers [cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), adhesio interthalamica (AI), olfactory sulcus depth, and sulcogyral pattern (Types I, II, III, and IV) in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] in an all Japanese sample of 75 schizophrenia patients and 87 healthy controls. The Cys carriers had significantly larger CSP than the Ser homozygotes for both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The Cys carriers also exhibited a reduction in the Type I pattern of the right OFC in the healthy controls, but not in the schizophrenia patients. The DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism did not affect the AI and olfactory sulcus depth in either group. These results suggested a possible role of the DISC1 genotype in the early neurodevelopment of human brains, but failed to show its specific role in the neurodevelopmental pathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yukako Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Matheson SL, Shepherd AM, Carr VJ. How much do we know about schizophrenia and how well do we know it? Evidence from the Schizophrenia Library. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3387-3405. [PMID: 25065407 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND True findings about schizophrenia remain elusive; many findings are not replicated and conflicting results are common. Well-conducted systematic reviews have the ability to make robust, generalizable conclusions, with good meta-analyses potentially providing the closest estimate of the true effect size. In this paper, we undertake a systematic approach to synthesising the available evidence from well-conducted systematic reviews on schizophrenia. METHOD Reviews were identified by searching Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents and PsycINFO. The decision to include or exclude reviews, data extraction and quality assessments were conducted in duplicate. Evidence was graded as high quality if reviews contained large samples and robust results; and as moderate quality if reviews contained imprecision, inconsistency, smaller samples or study designs that may be prone to bias. RESULTS High- and moderate-quality evidence shows that numerous psychosocial and biomedical treatments are effective. Patients have relatively poor cognitive functioning, and subtle, but diverse, structural brain alterations, altered electrophysiological functioning and sleep patterns, minor physical anomalies, neurological soft signs, and sensory alterations. There are markers of infection, inflammation or altered immunological parameters; and there is increased mortality from a range of causes. Risk for schizophrenia is increased with cannabis use, pregnancy and birth complications, prenatal exposure to Toxoplasma gondii, childhood central nervous system viral infections, childhood adversities, urbanicity and immigration (first and second generation), particularly in certain ethnic groups. Developmental motor delays and lower intelligence quotient in childhood and adolescence are apparent. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that while our knowledge of schizophrenia is very substantial, our understanding of it remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Matheson
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - A M Shepherd
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW,Australia
| | - V J Carr
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW,Australia
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30
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Longitudinal MRI study of the midline brain regions in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2013; 212:150-3. [PMID: 23541397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study investigated the prevalence and size of the adhesio interthalamica (AI) and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in 64 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 64 controls, of whom longitudinal data were available for 20 patients and 21 controls. The AI was shorter in the patients and showed longitudinal decline in both groups; there was also a trend for AI atrophy to correlate with negative symptoms. The CSP showed no group difference. These results suggest a role for the AI as a possible neurodevelopmental marker of schizophrenia.
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31
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Button KS, Ioannidis JPA, Mokrysz C, Nosek BA, Flint J, Robinson ESJ, Munafò MR. Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013; 14:365-76. [PMID: 23571845 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3985] [Impact Index Per Article: 362.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A study with low statistical power has a reduced chance of detecting a true effect, but it is less well appreciated that low power also reduces the likelihood that a statistically significant result reflects a true effect. Here, we show that the average statistical power of studies in the neurosciences is very low. The consequences of this include overestimates of effect size and low reproducibility of results. There are also ethical dimensions to this problem, as unreliable research is inefficient and wasteful. Improving reproducibility in neuroscience is a key priority and requires attention to well-established but often ignored methodological principles.
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32
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Trzesniak C, Schaufelberger MS, Duran FLS, Santos LC, Rosa PGP, McGuire PK, Murray RM, Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS, Busatto GF. Longitudinal follow-up of cavum septum pellucidum and adhesio interthalamica alterations in first-episode psychosis: a population-based MRI study. Psychol Med 2012; 42:2523-2534. [PMID: 22717008 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental alterations have been described inconsistently in psychosis probably because of lack of standardization among studies. The aim of this study was to conduct the first longitudinal and population-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the presence and size of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and adhesio interthalamica (AI) in a large sample of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD FEP patients (n=122) were subdivided into schizophrenia (n=62), mood disorders (n=46) and other psychosis (n=14) groups and compared to 94 healthy next-door neighbour controls. After 13 months, 80 FEP patients and 52 controls underwent a second MRI examination. RESULTS We found significant reductions in the AI length in schizophrenia FEP in comparison with the mood disorders and control subgroups (longer length) at the baseline assessment, and no differences in any measure of the CSP. By contrast, there was a diagnosis×time interaction for the CSP length, with a more prominent increase for this measure in the psychosis group. There was an involution of the AI length over time for all groups but no diagnosis×time interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the CSP per se may not be linked to the neurobiology of emerging psychotic disorders, although it might be related to the progression of the disease. However, the fact that the AI length was shown to be shorter at the onset of the disorder supports the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and indicates that an alteration in this grey matter junction may be a risk factor for developing psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trzesniak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Science, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Macêdo DS, Araújo DP, Sampaio LRL, Vasconcelos SMM, Sales PMG, Sousa FCF, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Carvalho AF. Animal models of prenatal immune challenge and their contribution to the study of schizophrenia: a systematic review. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:179-86. [PMID: 22392187 PMCID: PMC3854194 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal immune challenge (PIC) in pregnant rodents produces offspring with abnormalities in behavior, histology, and gene expression that are reminiscent of schizophrenia and autism. Based on this, the goal of this article was to review the main contributions of PIC models, especially the one using the viral-mimetic particle polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly-I:C), to the understanding of the etiology, biological basis and treatment of schizophrenia. This systematic review consisted of a search of available web databases (PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, PsycINFO, and ISI Web of Knowledge) for original studies published in the last 10 years (May 2001 to October 2011) concerning animal models of PIC, focusing on those using poly-I:C. The results showed that the PIC model with poly-I:C is able to mimic the prodrome and both the positive and negative/cognitive dimensions of schizophrenia, depending on the specific gestation time window of the immune challenge. The model resembles the neurobiology and etiology of schizophrenia and has good predictive value. In conclusion, this model is a robust tool for the identification of novel molecular targets during prenatal life, adolescence and adulthood that might contribute to the development of preventive and/or treatment strategies (targeting specific symptoms, i.e., positive or negative/cognitive) for this devastating mental disorder, also presenting biosafety as compared to viral infection models. One limitation of this model is the incapacity to model the full spectrum of immune responses normally induced by viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Macêdo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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