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Lemos GAA, Santos AC, Brito DCC, Novaes MAS, Assis Neto AC. Steroidogenic activity and morphological characterization of prenatal testes and epididymis of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 261:107407. [PMID: 38217925 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to establish the morphological, morphometric, and immunostaining patterns of the steroidogenic enzymes 17β-HSD and 5α-reductase and androgen receptors (AR) during the prenatal development of the male gonad and epididymis of Cavia porcellus. Fetuses at 22, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60 days of gestation (DG) were used. Specimens were dissected and subjected to macroscopic, histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Genital and scrotal protrusions were identified in 22 DG embryos. Gonocytes were identified at 25 DG and the formation of primary testicular cords was observed at 30 DG. Through anatomical evaluation, we observed differentiation of the epididymis into the head, body, and tail at 45 DG. During development, there is a progressive decrease in the diameters of the testicular cords and epididymal ducts. 17β-HSD enzyme immunostaining was observed in Leydig cells at all ages, while 5α-reductase was observed in Leydig cell cytoplasm and gonocytes at 40, 50, and 60 DG. AR shows gonocyte labeling at 30 DG. Thus, from the second trimester of pregnancy, it is possible to observe patterns of anatomical development, such as genital and scrotal prominence (22 DG), the appearance of gonocytes in the testicular cords at 25 DG, and the beginning of the organization of primary testicular cords at 30 DG, suggesting sexual differentiation. The 17β-HSD, 5α-reductase, and ARs play an essential role in sexual development and differentiation, presenting immunostaining at different reproductive process times.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A A Lemos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C C Brito
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M A S Novaes
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A C Assis Neto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Marques LH, Ishizuka TK, Pereira RR, Istchuk AN, Rossetto J, Moscardini VF, E Silva OANB, Santos AC, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Sethi A, Storer NP, Gontijo PC, Netto JC, Weschenfelder MAG, de Almeida PG, Bernardi O. Performance of cotton expressing Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19 insecticidal proteins against Helicoverpa armigera, H. zea and their hybrid progeny, and evidence of reduced susceptibility of a field population of H. zea to Cry1 and Vip3Aa in Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289003. [PMID: 37490504 PMCID: PMC10368247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetically modified cotton DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 expressing Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19 from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been cultivated in Brazil since the 2020/2021 season. Here, we assessed the performance of DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton expressing Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19 against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and their hybrid progeny. We also carried out evaluations with DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 cotton containing Cry1Ac and Cry1F. In leaf-disk bioassays, DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 was effective in controlling neonates from laboratory colonies of H. armigera, H. zea and the hybrid progeny (71.9%-100% mortality). On floral bud bioassays using L2 larvae, H. zea presented complete mortality, whereas H. armigera and the hybrid progeny showed <55% mortality. On DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 cotton, the mortality of H. armigera on leaf-disk and floral buds ranged from 60% to 73%, whereas mortality of hybrids was <46%. This Bt cotton caused complete mortality of H. zea larvae from a laboratory colony in the early growth stages, but mortalities were <55% on advanced growth stages and on floral buds. In field studies conducted from 2014 to 2019, DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton was also effective at protecting plants against H. armigera. In contrast, a population of H. zea collected in western Bahia in 2021/2022 on Bt cotton expressing Cry1 and Vip3Aa proteins, showed 63% mortality after 30 d, with insects developing into fifth and sixth instars, on DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton. We conclude that H. armigera, H. zea, and their hybrid progeny can be managed with DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton; however we found the first evidence in Brazil of a significant reduction in the susceptibility to DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton of a population of H. zea collected from Bt cotton in Bahia in 2021/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L Dahmer
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States of America
| | - Amit Sethi
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States of America
| | | | - Pablo C Gontijo
- Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano), Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Jacob C Netto
- Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Primavera do Leste, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Bernardes CP, Santos NAG, Costa TR, Menaldo DL, Sisti FM, Amstalden MK, Ribeiro DL, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV, Santos AC. Effects of C-Terminal-Ethyl-Esterification in a Snake-Venom-Based Peptide Against the Neurotoxicity of Acrolein in PC12 Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Pires AM, Carvalho L, Santos AC, Vilaça AM, Coelho AR, Fernandes F, Moreira L, Lima J, Vieira R, Ferraz MJ, Silva M, Silva P, Matias R, Zorro S, Costa S, Sarandão S, Barros AF. Radiotherapy skin marking with lancets versus electric marking pen - Comfort, satisfaction, effectiveness and cosmesis results from the randomized, double-blind COMFORTATTOO trial. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:171-177. [PMID: 36410128 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Set-up skin markings are performed, in several centers, for radiotherapy (RT) treatments. This study aimed to compare two permanent methods: lancets and an electric marking pen, the Comfort Marker 2.0® (CM). METHODS This was a prospective, unicentric, randomized study. Patients aged 18 years or older referred to our department to receive RT were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive set-up markings using lancets or CM. The markings arrangement followed our departmental protocols. The coprimary endpoints were patients' comfort and effectiveness. Secondary endpoints included radiation therapists (RTTs) satisfaction and cosmesis. RESULTS Between October 2021 and January 2022, 100 patients were enrolled (50 received lancets and 50 CM) and assessed for the comfort and satisfaction outcomes. CM was significantly less painful than the lancets, with 44% and 16% of the patients, respectively, considering the tattooing process painless (RR = 2.75; 95% IC: 1.36 - 5.58). On the RTT-reported satisfaction, CM had significantly easier processes than lancets (98.0% vs. 78.0%, respectively; RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.46). For effectiveness and cosmesis assessment, 98 patients were analyzed (48 received lancets and 50 CM). Patients receiving CM had a significantly higher proportion of markings graded as good and excellent compared to those receiving lancets (98.0% and 50.0%, respectively, had ≥75% of the tattoos assessed as good/excellent, RR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.47 - 2.61). On the cosmetic evaluation, patients receiving CM had significantly better cosmetic markings, with a median score of 4.4 (vs. 3.5 for lancets, p <0.001). CONCLUSION The trial results demonstrated that tattooing with the CM is significantly less painful, more effective, easier to apply, and cosmetically superior to tattooing with lancets. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Tattooing with CM allows for better results regarding pain, quality, ease and cosmesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pires
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - L Carvalho
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Vilaça
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Coelho
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Fernandes
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Moreira
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Lima
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Vieira
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Ferraz
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Silva
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Silva
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Matias
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Zorro
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Costa
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Sarandão
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - A F Barros
- Radiation Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Lopes P, Albuquerque F, Freitas P, Goncalves PA, Presume J, Guerreiro S, Abecasis J, Santos AC, Saraiva C, Mendes M, Marques H, Ferreira A. Influence of age on the diagnostic value of coronary artery calcium score for ruling out coronary stenosis in symptomatic patients. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The 2021 Guideline for the Evaluation of Chest Pain supports the use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score as a reasonable first-line test to identify patients with a low likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) who may not require additional testing (class IIa, LOE B). However, a recent study from a large cohort of Northern European patients raised concerns about the added diagnostic value of CAC=0 in younger patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of age on the value of CAC=0 in symptomatic patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).
Methods
We conducted a two-center cross-sectional study assessing symptomatic patients with suspected CAD who underwent CAC score and CCTA. Key exclusion criteria were age <30 years, known CAD, suspected acute coronary syndrome, or symptoms other than chest pain or dyspnea. Pretest probability of obstructive CAD was calculated based on age, sex and symptom typicality, according to the guideline-recommended method. Obstructive CAD was defined as any luminal stenosis ≥50% on CCTA. The diagnostic likelihood ratios and negative predictive values (NPV) were used to assess the diagnostic value of a CAC score of 0 to rule out obstructive CAD.
Results
A total of 2043 patients (mean age 60±11 years, 60% women) of whom 990 (48.5%) had a CAC score of 0 were included in the analysis. Symptom characteristics were: 38% non-anginal chest pain, 30% atypical angina, 19% dyspnea, and 13% typical chest pain. Overall, the prevalence of obstructive CAD was 12.8% (n=262). Pretest probability of obstructive CAD increased progressively with age, from 6.0% in patients young than 50 years to 20.7% in those 70 years or older. Contrariwise, the prevalence of patients with a CAC score = 0 decreased from 77% in patients younger than 50 years, to 26% in those who where 70 years or older.
The added diagnostic value of a CAC score = 0 was lower in younger patients, with negative likelihood ratios ranging from 0.36 (64% decrease in the likelihood of CAD) in patients younger than 50 years, to 0.09 and 0.10 (∼90% decrease in the likelihood of CAD) in those aged 60–69 years and 70 years or older, respectively – Figure 1.
Despite this, the prevalence of obstructive CAD among patients with a CAC score = 0 was low across all age groups: 2.4% (i.e., NPV = 97.6%) in those younger than 50 years, 3.0% (NPV = 97.0%) among those aged 50–59 years, 1.5% (NPV = 98.5%) in patients between 60 and 69 years, and 2.0% (NPV = 98.0%) among those 70 years or older.
Conclusions
In a cohort of symptomatic patients undergoing CCTA for suspected CAD, the added diagnostic value of a CAC score of zero decreases significantly at younger ages. However, this “diminishing return” of CAC in younger patients if offset by their lower pretest probabilities, yielding high negative predictive values independently of age.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lopes
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | | | - P Freitas
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - P A Goncalves
- UNICA – Cardiovascular CT and MR Unit, Hospital da Luz , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - J Presume
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | | | - J Abecasis
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - C Saraiva
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - M Mendes
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - H Marques
- UNICA – Cardiovascular CT and MR Unit, Hospital da Luz , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - A Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
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Lopes P, Albuquerque F, Goncalves PA, Presume J, Freitas P, Guerreiro S, Abecasis J, Santos AC, Saraiva C, Mendes M, Marques H, Ferreira A. Implications of the North American 2021 Chest Pain guidelines in the diagnostic approach to patients with stable chest pain and low pretest probability of obstructive coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The North American 2021 Chest Pain Guidelines recommend not testing stable patients with low pretest likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as pretest probability <15% using contemporary models (Class I recommendation). In selected cases among this subset of patients, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is considered a “reasonable first-line test” (Class IIa). Despite some supporting evidence, the clinical implications of a widespread adoption of these recommendations remain unclear.
The purpose of this study was to assess the results of three different testing strategies for patients with pretest probability <15%: A) defer testing; B) perform CAC score and withhold further testing if = 0, and proceed to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) if >0; C) perform CCTA in all.
Methods
We conducted a two-center cross-sectional study assessing symptomatic patients with suspected CAD who underwent CAC score and CCTA. Patients with known CAD, suspected acute coronary syndrome, or symptoms other than chest pain or dyspnea were excluded. Pretest probability of obstructive CAD was calculated based on age, sex and symptom typicality. Obstructive CAD was defined as any luminal stenosis ≥50% on CCTA.
Results
A total of 2259 patients were screened, of which 1385 (61.3%) had pretest probability <15% and were included in the analysis (mean age 57±11 years, 79% women). Symptom characteristics were: 48% non-anginal chest pain, 26% atypical angina, 21% dyspnea, and 5% typical chest pain. Overall, the prevalence of obstructive CAD was 10.3% (n=142). In the 786 patients (56.6%) with a CAC score of 0, 8.5% (n=67) had some degree of CAD [1.9% (n=15) obstructive, and 6.6% (n=52) nonobstructive]. Among those with CAC >0 (n=599), 21.2% (n=127) had obstructive CAD. The results that would be reached with each of the 3 diagnostic strategies are presented in Figure 1. The number of patients needed to scan with strategy B (CAC as gatekeeper) vs. A (no testing) to identify one patient with obstructive CAD was 11, whereas the number needed to scan with strategy C (CCTA for all) vs. strategy B was 91.
Conclusions
Not testing patients with suspected CAD and pretest likelihood <15% would lead to missing obstructive CAD in 1 out of 10 patients. Using CAC as a gatekeeper in this subgroup would decrease the use of CCTA by more than 50%, at the cost of missing obstructive CAD in 1 out of 100 patients. These findings may be used to inform decisions on testing, which will ultimately depend on how much diagnostic uncertainty and missed diagnoses patients and their physicians are willing to accept.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lopes
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | | | - P A Goncalves
- UNICA – Cardiovascular CT and MR Unit, Hospital da Luz , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - J Presume
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - P Freitas
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | | | - J Abecasis
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - C Saraiva
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - M Mendes
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - H Marques
- UNICA – Cardiovascular CT and MR Unit, Hospital da Luz , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - A Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
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Ribeiro FM, Correia PMM, Santos AC, Veloso JFCA. A guideline proposal for mice preparation and care in 18F-FDG PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:49. [PMID: 35962869 PMCID: PMC9375789 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental outcomes of small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) can be particularly compromised by animal preparation and care. Several works intend to improve research reporting and amplify the quality and reliability of published research. Though these works provide valuable information to plan and conduct animal studies, manuscripts describe different methodologies—standardization does not exist. Consequently, the variation in details reported can explain the difference in the experimental results found in the literature. Additionally, the resources and guidelines defining protocols for small-animal imaging are scarce, making it difficult for researchers to obtain and compare accurate and reproducible data. Considering the selection of suitable procedures key to ensure animal welfare and research improvement, this paper aims to prepare the way for a future guideline on mice preparation and care for PET imaging with 18F-FDG. For this purpose, a global standard protocol was created based on recommendations and good practices described in relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Ribeiro
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro (DFis-UA), 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - P M M Correia
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro (DFis-UA), 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra (FMUC), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J F C A Veloso
- Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro (DFis-UA), 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Maia I, Oliveira A, Severo M, Santos AC. Association between children’s food insecurity and a Healthy Eating Index in Portuguese children. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Evidence on the association between children's food insecurity (FI) and a priori-defined dietary patterns is scarce, particularly in Europe. This study assessed the association between children's FI and a diet quality index in a population-based sample of children.
Methods
A cross-sectional study including 2800 children from the 10-year-old follow-up of a Portuguese birth cohort, the Generation XXI study, was performed. Data on food security status, assessed by the Self-administered Food Security Survey Module for Children (SAFSSMC), dietary intake, assessed by a validated FFQ, and socio-demographic characteristics were collected. An adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used, by including 7 food groups (fruit and vegetables, dairy products, fish and eggs, meat and meat products, sweet snacks, salty snacks and soft drinks) scored from 1 to 4 according to increasing quartiles of daily consumption. For the last 4 groups, a reverse score was assigned. Scores were summed up (the highest the score, the highest diet quality). Linear and logistic regression models (HEI score and its food groups divided by the sample median) were performed.
Results
The FI prevalence was 9.4%. The median (P25;P75) HEI score was 18.0 (15.0;21.0). Children's FI was inversely associated with diet quality (β=-0.671;95%CI:-1.129;-0.213), independently of maternal education, caregivers' unemployment and child's sex. By using the SAFSSMC raw score, FI increased the odds for lower (below the median) fruit and vegetables intake (OR = 1.069;95%CI:1.002-1.139), and higher intake (above the median) of meat and meat products (OR = 1.075;95%CI:1.011-1.144) and soft drinks (OR = 1.074;95%CI:1.008-1.145), independently of maternal education, caregivers' unemployment, child's sex and the other food groups consumption.
Conclusions
Food insecure children have poorer diet quality, specifically a lower fruit and vegetables consumption, and higher intake of meat and meat products, and soft drinks.
Key messages
FI was reported by 9.4% of children, and poorer diet quality was observed among food insecure children, when compared to food secure ones. Public health interventions targeting food insecure children should be developed to promote healthy dietary habits in the context of populations vulnerable to FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Maia
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Severo
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - AC Santos
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Lopes P, Presume J, Goncalves PA, Albuquerque F, Freitas P, Guerreiro S, Abecasis J, Santos AC, Saraiva C, Mendes M, Marques H, Ferreira A. Incorporating coronary calcification into pretest assessment of the likelihood of coronary artery disease: validation and recalibration of a new diagnostic tool. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A new clinical tool was recently proposed to improve the estimation of pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) by incorporating coronary artery calcium score (CACS) with clinical risk factors. This new model (Clinical+CACS) showed improved prediction when compared to the method recommended by the 2019 ESC guidelines on chronic coronary syndromes, but was never tested or adjusted for use in our population. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of this new method in a Portuguese cohort of symptomatic patients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and to recalibrate it if necessary.
Methods
We conducted a two-center cross-sectional study assessing symptomatic patients who underwent CCTA for suspected CAD. Key exclusion criteria were age <30 years, known CAD, suspected acute coronary syndrome, or symptoms other than chest pain or dyspnea. Obstructive CAD was defined as any luminal stenosis ≥50% on CCTA. The Clinical+CACS prediction model was assessed for discrimination and calibration. A logistical recalibration of the model was conducted in a random sample of 50% of the patients and subsequently validated in the other half.
Results
A total of 1910 patients (mean age 60±11 years, 60% women) were included in the analysis. Symptom characteristics were: 39% non-anginal chest pain, 30% atypical angina, 19% dyspnea and 12% typical angina. The observed prevalence of obstructive CAD was 12.9% (n=247). Patients with obstructive CAD were more often male, were significantly older, had higher prevalence of typical angina and cardiovascular risk factors, and higher CACS values. The new Clinical+CACS tool showed greater discriminative power than the ESC 2019 prediction model, with a C-statistic of 0.83 (CI 95% 0.81–0.86) versus 0.67 (CI 95% 0.64–0.71), respectively (p-value for comparison <0.001). Before recalibration, the Clinical+CACS model underestimated the likelihood of CAD in our population across all quartiles of pretest probability (mean relative underestimation of 49%), which was subsequently corrected by the recalibration procedure - Figure.
Conclusions
In a Portuguese cohort of symptomatic patients undergoing CCTA for suspected CAD, the new Clinical+CACS model showed better discrimination power than the 2019 ESC method. The underestimation of the Clinical+CACS model was corrected by recalibrating it for our population. This new tool might prove useful for guiding decisions on the need for further testing.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lopes
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - J Presume
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - P A Goncalves
- UNICA – Cardiovascular CT and MR Unit, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - P Freitas
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | | | - J Abecasis
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - C Saraiva
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - M Mendes
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - H Marques
- UNICA – Cardiovascular CT and MR Unit, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
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10
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Ribeiro R, Santos AC, Calazans MO, De Oliveira ACP, Vieira LB. Is resveratrol a prospective therapeutic strategy in the co-association of glucose metabolism disorders and neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2442-2457. [PMID: 34514962 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1972514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanism behind the progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. However some evidence pointed out that the co-occurrence of metabolic conditions affecting glucose homeostasis, as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may be an important catalyst in this context. Notably, candidate drugs which modulate common pathways in the development of MCI-to-AD mediated by T2DM may offer likely therapy for AD. Nonetheless, limited pharmacological alternatives that modulate common pathways in T2DM, MCI, and AD are available. In the recent decades, studies have shown that resveratrol may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving cognitive and metabolic aspects associated with AD progression mediated by the co-association between TDM2-MCI.Methods: In this review, we discuss possible protective mechanisms of resveratrol on shared pathways associated with AD progression mediated by T2DM-MCI co-occurrence.Results: Some studies indicated that insulin resistance and hyperglycemia may be also a T2DM risk factor for the progression of MCI-to-AD, promoting alterations in metabolic pathways associated with neuronal plasticity, and increasing pro-inflammatory environment. Interestingly, basic research and clinical trials indicate that resveratrol may modulate those pathways, showing a potential neuroprotective effect of this polyphenol.Conclusion: Therefore, there is not enough clinical data supporting the translational therapeutic use of resveratrol in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M O Calazans
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C P De Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L B Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Marques LH, Lepping M, Castro BA, Santos AC, Rossetto J, Nunes MZ, Silva OABN, Moscardini VF, de Sá VGM, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Gontijo PC. Field efficacy of Bt cotton containing events DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 against lepidopteran pests and impact on the non-target arthropod community in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251134. [PMID: 33945577 PMCID: PMC8096009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and non-target arthropod effects of transgenic DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 Bt cotton, expressing proteins Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19, was examined through field trials in Brazil. Fifteen field efficacy experiments were conducted from 2014 through the 2020 growing season across six different states in Brazil to evaluate performance against key lepidopteran pests through artificial infestations of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith,1797), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and Chloridea virescens (F., 1781), and natural infestations of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) and S. frugiperda. The impact of this Bt cotton technology on the non-target arthropod community in Brazilian cotton production systems was also assessed in a multi-site experiment. DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton significantly reduced the feeding damage caused by S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, C. includens, C. virescens and A. argillacea, causing high levels of mortality (greater than 99%) to all target lepidopteran pests evaluated during vegetative and/or reproductive stages of crop development. Non-target arthropod community-level analyses confirmed no unintended effects on the arthropod groups monitored. These results demonstrate the value of transgenic Bt cotton containing event DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 for consideration as part of an integrated approach for managing key lepidopteran pests in Brazilian cotton production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles Lepping
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Boris A. Castro
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L. Dahmer
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Pablo C. Gontijo
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
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12
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Sa Mendes G, Ferreira AM, Freitas P, Abecasis J, Campante Teles R, De Araujo Goncalves P, Ribeiras R, Santos AC, Trabulo M, Silva C, Lopes P, Andrade MJ, Saraiva C, Almeida M, Mendes M. Calcium score of the aortic valve as a predictor of aortic stenosis severity. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
The calcium score of the aortic valve (CaScAoV) is now recommended as a supporting tool to assist in the grading of aortic stenosis (AS) severity when echocardiographic assessment is inconclusive. However, the proposed CaScAoV cut-offs for considering severe AS "unlikely", "likely", or "very likely" have never been validated in Portuguese cohorts.
Aim
The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the proposed CaScAoV cut-offs in identifying patients with severe aortic stenosis.
Methods
A total of 513 consecutive patients (median age 83 years [IQR 79–87], 38% males) evaluated at a single-centre TAVI-programme between Jan/2016 and Nov/2019 were retrospectively identified. Only patients with an ECG-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) and a transthoracic echocardiography performed within a 6-month time-frame were included. Main exclusion criteria were left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, indexed stroke volume < 35 ml/m2, previous valve surgery and
bicuspid aortic disease. CaScAoV was measured according to the Agatston method (Agatston units – AU). As previously reported, the likelihood of aortic stenosis as assessed by CT was categorized as: "very likely" (>3000 AU for men, >1600 AU for women); "likely" (>2000 AU for men, >1200 AU for women) ; or unlikely (<1600 AU for men, <800 AU for women). Diagnostic tests performance measures were calculated for each category. Separate analyses were performed for each gender.
Results
Severe AS (mean gradient ≥ 40 mmHg) was present in 422 patients (overall 82.3%: 83.1% in females and 80.8% in males), with a median transvalvular gradient of 49 mmHg (IQR 42 – 60).
Overall, the discriminative ability of the CaScAoV to distinguish severe from non-severe AS was higher in men when compared with women (c-statistic 0.86 [95%CI 0.80 – 0.93] vs. 0.72 [95%CI 0.64 – 0.80], p for comparison < 0.001). In males, the "very likely" cut-off had a sensitivity of 71% (95%CI 63 – 78%), a specificity of 81% (95%CI 65 – 92%), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94% (95%CI 89 – 97%) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% (95%CI 33 – 46%) for the diagnosis of severe AS. Conversely, in women the sensitivity was 75% (95%CI 69 – 80%), specificity was 57% (95%CI 43 – 71%), PPV was 90% (95%CI 86 – 92%) and NPV was 32% (95%CI 25 – 39%).
On the other end of the spectrum, the "unlikely" cut-off showed poor performance in dismissing severe AS, particularly in females – NPV of 43% (95%CI 25-63%) in women vs. 83% (95%CI 63-93%) in men.
Conclusion
In our population, the discriminative power of CaScAoV for identifying patients with severe AS was lower than in previously published cohorts, particularly in females. While very high CaScAoV is strongly supportive of severe AS, caution should be employed when interpreting low CaScAoV values in women, since the recommended cut-off value does not allow the safe exclusion of severe aortic stenosis.
Abstract Figure. Waterfall chart of individuals CaScAoV
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P Freitas
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - J Abecasis
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | | | | | - R Ribeiras
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - AC Santos
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - M Trabulo
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - C Silva
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - P Lopes
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - MJ Andrade
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - C Saraiva
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - M Almeida
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - M Mendes
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
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13
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Nicolucci C, Pais ML, Santos AC, Ribeiro FM, Encarnação PMCC, Silva ALM, Castro IF, Correia PMM, Veloso JFCA, Reis J, Lopes MZ, Botelho MF, Pereira FC, Priolli DG. Single Low Dose of Cocaine-Structural Brain Injury Without Metabolic and Behavioral Changes. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:589897. [PMID: 33584173 PMCID: PMC7874143 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cocaine use has been shown to lead to neurotoxicity in rodents and humans, being associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, recreational use, which may lead to addictive behavior, is often neglected. This occurs, in part, due to the belief that exposure to low doses of cocaine comes with no brain damage risk. Cocaine addicts have shown glucose metabolism changes related to dopamine brain activity and reduced volume of striatal gray matter. This work aims to evaluate the morphological brain changes underlying metabolic and locomotor behavioral outcome, in response to a single low dose of cocaine in a pre-clinical study. In this context, a Balb-c mouse model has been chosen, and animals were injected with a single dose of cocaine (0.5 mg/kg). Control animals were injected with saline. A behavioral test, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and anatomopathological studies were conducted with this low dose of cocaine, to study functional, metabolic, and morphological brain changes, respectively. Animals exposed to this cocaine dose showed similar open field activity and brain metabolic activity as compared with controls. However, histological analysis showed alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed to cocaine. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that a single low dose of cocaine, which can cause no locomotor behavioral and brain metabolic changes, can induce structural damage. These brain changes must always be considered regardless of the dosage used. It is essential to alert the population even against the consumption of low doses of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Nicolucci
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University Post-graduation Stricto Sensu Programme, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lapo Pais
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabiana M Ribeiro
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro M C C Encarnação
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L M Silva
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - I F Castro
- Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Pedro M M Correia
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Radiation Imaging Technologies Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - João F C A Veloso
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Julie Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marina Z Lopes
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University Scientific Initiation Programme, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Maria F Botelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Denise G Priolli
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University Post-graduation Stricto Sensu Programme, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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14
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Santos AC, Conley AJ, Oliveira MF, Assis Neto AC. Steroidogenesis during prenatal testicular development in Spix's cavy Galea spixii. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:392-400. [PMID: 33685580 DOI: 10.1071/rd20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spix's cavy is a potentially good experimental model for research on reproductive biology and sexual development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ontogeny of the steroidogenic enzymes involved in testicular androgen synthesis during prenatal development. Testes were investigated on Days 25, 30, 40 and >50 of gestation. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to establish the site and relative amount of androgenic enzymes, including 5α-reductase, cytosolic 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSDI) and mitochondrial microsomal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSDII), throughout prenatal development. The testicular parenchyma began to organise on Day 25 of gestation, with the development of recognisable testicular cords. The mesonephros was established after Day 25 of gestation and the ducts differentiated to form the epididymis, as testicular cords were beginning to proliferate and the interstitium to organise by Day 30 of gestation, continuing thereafter. The androgen-synthesising enzymes 5α-reductase, 17β-HSDI and 3β-HSDII were evident in Leydig cells as they differentiated at all subsequent gestational ages studied. In addition, immunoblotting showed an increase in immunoreactivity for the enzymes at Days 30 and 40 of gestation (P<0.05) and a decrease at Day 50 of gestation (P<0.05). It is concluded that the increase in androgenic enzymes in Leydig cells coincides with the functional differentiation of the testes, and with the stabilisation and differentiation of mesonephric ducts forming the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques Paiva, 87; ZC 05508 270; São Paulo - Brazil
| | - A J Conley
- Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 3223 VM3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M F Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Semiarid. Av. Francisco Mota, 572, 59625 900, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A C Assis Neto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques Paiva, 87; ZC 05508 270; São Paulo - Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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15
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Machado EP, dos S Rodrigues Junior GL, Somavilla JC, Führ FM, Zago SL, Marques LH, Santos AC, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Omoto C, Bernardi O. Survival and development of Spodoptera eridania, Spodoptera cosmioides and Spodoptera albula (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on genetically-modified soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:4029-4035. [PMID: 32520447 PMCID: PMC7689856 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera eridania (Stoll), S. cosmioides (Walker) and S. albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are considered secondary pests of soybean in South America. The genetically-modified soybean DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2 with tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate herbicides (event DAS-444Ø6-6) and insect-resistance due to expression of Cry1Ac and Cry1F Bt proteins (event DAS-81419-2) may provide a potential tool for integrated pest management (IPM) of these species in soybean fields. Based on this, we conducted bioassays to evaluate the survival and development of S. eridania, S. cosmioides and S. albula fed on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean leaf tissue. RESULTS Spodoptera eridania and S. cosmioides fed on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean showed longer developmental time, lower larval and egg to adult survival compared to those fed on non-Bt soybean, reducing the population growth of these species. Spodoptera albula also had lower larval survival and number of insects that reached adulthood on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean. However, no significant effects of Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean on population growth parameters were detected in this species. CONCLUSIONS Soybean with stacked events DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2 expressing Cry1Ac/Cry1F Bt proteins provide population suppression of S. eridania and S. cosmioides. However, this Bt soybean had minimal effects on S. albula, and is unlikely to have negative population-level effects on this species. It is expected that under field conditions, other control tactics must be integrated with Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean for the management of these Spodoptera species. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Machado
- Department of Plant ProtectionFederal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
| | | | - Junior C Somavilla
- Department of Plant ProtectionFederal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
| | - Fábio M Führ
- Department of Plant ProtectionFederal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
| | - Stefan L Zago
- Department of Plant ProtectionFederal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and AcarologyLuiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São PauloPiracicabaBrazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant ProtectionFederal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
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16
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Machado EP, Dos S Rodrigues Junior GL, Führ FM, Zago SL, Marques LH, Santos AC, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Omoto C, Bernardi O. Cross-crop resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda selected on Bt maize to genetically-modified soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10080. [PMID: 32572133 PMCID: PMC7308303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main pests of maize and cotton in Brazil and has increased its occurrence on soybean. Field-evolved resistance of this species to Cry1 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins expressed in maize has been characterized in Brazil, Argentina, Puerto Rico and southeastern U.S. Here, we conducted studies to evaluate the survival and development of S. frugiperda strains that are susceptible, selected for resistance to Bt-maize single (Cry1F) or pyramided (Cry1F/Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2) events and F1 hybrids of the selected and susceptible strains (heterozygotes) on DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2 soybean with tolerance to 2,4-D, glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate herbicides (event DAS-444Ø6-6) and insect-resistant due to expression of Cry1Ac and Cry1F Bt proteins (event DAS-81419-2). Susceptible insects of S. frugiperda did not survive on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean. However, homozygous-resistant and heterozygous insects were able to survive and emerge as fertile adults when fed on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean, suggesting that the resistance is partially recessive. Life history studies revealed that homozygous-resistant insects had similar development, reproductive performance, net reproductive rate, intrinsic and finite rates of population increase on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean and non-Bt soybean. In contrast, heterozygotes had their fertility life table parameters significantly reduced on Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean. Therefore, the selection of S. frugiperda for resistance to single and pyramided Bt maize can result in cross-crop resistance to DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2 soybean. The importance of these results to integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) programs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Machado
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gerson L Dos S Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio M Führ
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Stefan L Zago
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Marques
- Corteva Agriscience, Alameda Itapecuru, 506, Alphaville, Barueri, SP, 06454-080, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Corteva Agriscience, Alameda Itapecuru, 506, Alphaville, Barueri, SP, 06454-080, Brazil
| | | | - Mark L Dahmer
- Corteva Agriscience, 7000NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Pádua Dias avenue 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
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17
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Valera ET, Neder L, Queiroz RG, Santos AC, Sousa GR, Oliveira RS, Santos MV, Machado HR, Tone LG. Perinatal complex low- and high-grade glial tumor harboring a novel GIGYF2-ALK fusion. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28015. [PMID: 31556208 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvis T Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosane G Queiroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Department of Oncology and Image, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella R Sousa
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Oliveira
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Santos
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio R Machado
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Bubach S, De Mola CL, Hardy R, Dreyfus J, Santos AC, Horta BL. Early menarche and blood pressure in adulthood: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:476-484. [PMID: 28977577 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that early menarche is associated with high blood pressure and hypertension. However, some studies have failed to observe such association. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of early menarche with hypertension and high blood pressure in adulthood. Methods PUBMED, SciELO, Scopus and LILACS databases were searched. Studies that evaluated the association of early menarche with hypertension or high blood pressure, among women aged 20 years or more were included. Random effects models were used to pool the estimates. Meta-regression was used to evaluate the contribution of different co-variables to heterogeneity. Results We identified 17 studies with 18 estimates on the association of early menarche with hypertension and high blood pressure. The odds of hypertension/high blood pressure was higher among women with early menarche [pooled (OR):1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.34; P < 0.001]. In the meta-regression analysis, studies evaluating 1500 subjects or more had a higher pooled OR [1.27; 95%CI (1.19;1.36)] than those with less participants. Although funnel plots showed some asymmetry, Egger tests were not statistically significant. Therefore, it is unlikely that the observed association was to publication bias. Conclusions Early menarche is associated with hypertension among adult woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bubach
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C Loret De Mola
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Dreyfus
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A C Santos
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - B L Horta
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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19
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Peres FS, Soares S, Barros H, Santos AC, Fraga S. Early socioeconomic circumstances and adverse childhood experiences in 10-year-old children. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Evidence showed that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of disease later in life and premature death. Examining the occurrence of these experiences at early ages would contribute to intervene and therefore to reduce health inequalities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ACEs among 10-year-children and to examine its association with early socioeconomic circumstances.
Methods
At the fourth wave of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, from Porto, Portugal, 5153 children completed a self-report questionnaire on 9 experiences related to household dysfunction and physical and emotional abuse. Socioeconomic circumstances included household income, maternal and paternal education, and history of parental unemployment. Logistic regression was performed to calculate the Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).
Results
A high prevalence of physical and emotional abuse was reported by children from low socioeconomic circumstances. A graded relationship between socioeconomic circumstances and cumulative ACEs was observed, for instance, low household income was associated with increased number of ACEs (one event [OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 0.89-1.36], two events [OR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.15-1.73], three events [OR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.34-2.06], and four or more events [OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.64-2.55]). Also, living with one parent or none of them increased the likelihood of reporting multiple ACEs (OR = 5.50; 95%CI: 4.23-7.13).
Conclusions
Children from low socioeconomic circumstances were more likely to report multiple adverse experiences in the first decade of life. These findings support that children from less advantaged environments might be at a higher risk of co-occurrence of adverse experiences during their childhood.
Key messages
Prevalence of ACEs is high among 10-year-old children and is associated with low socioeconomic circumstances. Social inequalities in children should be prioritized by public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Soares Peres
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Soares
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Barros
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fraga
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Soares S, Santos AC, Peres FS, Barros H, Fraga S. Early socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic health in 10-year-old children. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Social adversity is thought to become biologically embedded during sensitive periods of development, setting children on a trajectory of increased risk for later chronic diseases. Thus, social differences are expected to be expressed as biological alterations and might have their origins in early life. Therefore, we aim to estimate the association between early socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiometabolic health during childhood.
Methods
Data from 2962 participants in the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, from Porto, Portugal, was collected following standardized procedures at all study waves. Early SEP definition included household income, parental education and occupation at child’s birth. Cardiometabolic health was characterized at the age of 7 and 10, considering the triglycerides, cholesterol, fasting glucose, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between early SEP and a favorable cardiometabolic health profile.
Results
A favorable cardiometabolic profile was observed in almost half of participants at both ages, particularly among high SEP children who remain more frequently without alterations. For girls, higher paternal education at 7 years (OR:1.49;95%CI:1.03-2.15) and higher SEP at 10 were associated with better cardiometabolic health profile. In boys, a better cardiometabolic health profile was observed with increasing levels in maternal and paternal education and occupation, but at the age of 10, social differences were more evident according to parental education.
Conclusions
We provide evidence that children from more advantaged SEP at birth have an increased likelihood of presenting better cardiometabolic health at early ages. Social differences in cardiometabolic health biomarkers are already found in childhood, suggesting that the short-term impact of early life SEP on the physiology dysregulation takes place already in the first decade of life.
Key messages
Social differences in cardiometabolic health are already established in the first decade of life, with children from higher SEP presenting a better cardiometabolic health. Cardiovascular events are not expected to develop during childhood, however the underlying atherosclerotic process might already be in course as social differences appear to widen with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soares
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Dep. Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Dep. Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Soares Peres
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Barros
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Dep. Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fraga
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Dep. Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Nascimento Matos DJ, Ferreira AM, Freitas P, Guerreiro S, Carmo J, Abecasis J, Costa F, Santos AC, Carmo P, Saraiva C, Cavaco D, Morgado F, Mendes M, Adragao P. 1204Pericardial fat volume outperforms classic risk markers in the prediction of relapse after pulmonary vein isolation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pericardial adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF), but its relevance to clinical practice remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of pericardial fat as predictor of recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).
Methods
We assessed 453 patients (278 men, age 61±13 years, 348 paroxysmal AF) with symptomatic AF undergoing cardiac CT prior to a PVI procedure. Pericardial fat was quantified on contrast-enhanced images using a new simplified semi-automated method. The study endpoint was symptomatic and/or documented AF recurrence.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 14 months (IQR 7–23), 170 patients (38%) relapsed. Survival analysis showed significant differences in AF-free survival across tertiles of pericardial fat (Figure). Pericardial fat volume was weakly correlated to body mass index [(BMI), Pearson's R=0.34]. After adjustment for BMI and other univariate predictors of relapse, three variables emerged independently associated with time to AF recurrence: non-paroxysmal AF (HR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.51–2.87, p<0.001), indexed left atrial (LA) volume (HR 1.02 per mL/m2, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02, p<0.001), and indexed pericardial fat volume (HR 1.50 per mL/m2, 95% CI: 1.37–1.64, p<0.001). Based on the Wald test, indexed pericardial fat volume was the strongest of these predictors of relapse (X2 values of 20, 13, and 77, respectively). The population attributable risk (PAF) was higher for pericardial fat (PAF=37% for 1st vs 4th quartile) vs LA volume (PAF=11% for 1st quartile vs 4th quartile) and non-paroxysmal AF (PAF=23%). Pericardial fat volume also showed greater discriminate power than indexed LA volume, with a C-statistic of 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.85) vs. 0.61 (95% CI 0.55–0.66), p for difference <0.001. The method for quantifying pericardial fat showed high inter-observer reproducibility (Pearson's R=0.90) and was quick to perform (38±3 seconds).
Conclusion
Pericardial fat volume is a strong independent predictor of AF relapse after PVI, outperforming classic risk markers such as LA volume and type of AF. The underlying mechanisms of this association deserve further study. Meanwhile, this simple parameter may help select patients who are more likely to derive sustained benefit from AF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A M Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - P Freitas
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - S Guerreiro
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - J Carmo
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - J Abecasis
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - F Costa
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - P Carmo
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - C Saraiva
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - D Cavaco
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - F Morgado
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - M Mendes
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - P Adragao
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Cardiology, Carnaxide, Portugal
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22
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Santos TEG, Baggio JAO, Rondinoni C, Machado L, Weber KT, Stefano LH, Santos AC, Pontes-Neto OM, Leite JP, Edwards DJ. Fractional Anisotropy of Thalamic Nuclei Is Associated With Verticality Misperception After Extra-Thalamic Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:697. [PMID: 31379702 PMCID: PMC6650785 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticality misperception after stroke is a frequent neurological deficit that leads to postural imbalance and a higher risk of falls. The posterior thalamic nuclei are described to be involved with verticality perception, but it is unknown if extra-thalamic lesions can have the same effect via diaschisis and degeneration of thalamic nuclei. We investigated the relationship between thalamic fractional anisotropy (FA, a proxy of structural integrity), and verticality perception, in patients after stroke with diverse encephalic extra-thalamic lesions. We included 11 first time post-stroke patients with extra-thalamic primary lesions, and compared their region-based FA to a group of 25 age-matched healthy controls. For the patient sample, correlation and regression analyses evaluated the relationship between thalamic nuclei FA and error of postural vertical (PV) and haptic vertical (HV) in the roll (PVroll/HVroll) and pitch planes (PVpitch/HVpitch). Relative to controls, patients showed decreased FA of anterior, ventral anterior, ventral posterior lateral, dorsal, and pulvinar thalamic nuclei, despite the primary lesions being extra-thalamic. We found a significant correlation between HVroll, and FA in the anterior and dorsal nuclei, and PVroll with FA in the anterior nucleus. FA in the anterior, ventral anterior, ventral posterior lateral, dorsal and pulvinar nuclei predicted PV, and FA in the ventral anterior, ventral posterior lateral and dorsal nuclei predicted HV. While prior studies indicate that primary lesions of the thalamus can result in verticality misperception, here we present evidence supporting that secondary degeneration of thalamic nuclei via diaschisis can also be associated with verticality misperception after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiza E. G. Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jussara A. O. Baggio
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlo Rondinoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Machado
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina T. Weber
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Stefano
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Octavio M. Pontes-Neto
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao P. Leite
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dylan J. Edwards
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, United States
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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23
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Marques LH, Santos AC, Castro BA, Moscardini VF, Rosseto J, Silva OABN, Babcock JM. Assessing the Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Pyramided Proteins Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Vip3Aa20 Expressed in Bt Maize Against Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil. J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:803-811. [PMID: 30561710 PMCID: PMC6427033 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Field studies across four states in maize-producing areas of Brazil were conducted to characterize the efficacy of a new pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner technology in maize, Zea mays L., and compare it to existing single and pyramided commercial Bt technologies, to control Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Elasmopalpus lignosellus Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Bt maize expressing Vip3Aa20 protein and pyramided Bt maize expressing proteins Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Vip3Aa20 provided excellent protection against kernel feeding by H. zea compared to Bt technologies expressing only Cry1F or Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2. Bt maize expressing Cry1F, Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2, Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2, and Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Vip3Aa20 resulted in less than 5% of plants injured by E. lignosellus, significantly less than Bt maize expressing only Vip3Aa20 and a non-Bt maize iso-hybrid with and without a thiamethoxam seed treatment. The highest protection against plant cutting injury caused by A. ipsilon was observed in the pyramid Bt maize technology expressing Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Vip3Aa20. However, it did not differ statistically from the Bt maize expressing Vip3Aa20, Cry1F, or Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2. All Bt maize hybrids evaluated in our study were highly effective in reducing tunneling injury caused by D. saccharalis. These results show that a new maize technology expressing pyramided Bt proteins Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Vip3Aa20 offers a higher level of protection from feeding by the above lepidopteran pest complex compared to maize with a single Bt protein or double pyramided Bt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Marques
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaedino Rosseto
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar A B N Silva
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Santos S, Voerman E, Amiano P, Barros H, Beilin LJ, Bergström A, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Chrousos GP, Corpeleijn E, Costa O, Costet N, Crozier S, Devereux G, Doyon M, Eggesbø M, Fantini MP, Farchi S, Forastiere F, Georgiu V, Godfrey KM, Gori D, Grote V, Hanke W, Hertz-Picciotto I, Heude B, Hivert MF, Hryhorczuk D, Huang RC, Inskip H, Karvonen AM, Kenny LC, Koletzko B, Küpers LK, Lagström H, Lehmann I, Magnus P, Majewska R, Mäkelä J, Manios Y, McAuliffe FM, McDonald SW, Mehegan J, Melén E, Mommers M, Morgen CS, Moschonis G, Murray D, Ní Chaoimh C, Nohr EA, Nybo Andersen AM, Oken E, Oostvogels A, Pac A, Papadopoulou E, Pekkanen J, Pizzi C, Polanska K, Porta D, Richiardi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Roeleveld N, Ronfani L, Santos AC, Standl M, Stigum H, Stoltenberg C, Thiering E, Thijs C, Torrent M, Tough SC, Trnovec T, Turner S, van Gelder M, van Rossem L, von Berg A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte T, West J, Wijga AH, Wright J, Zvinchuk O, Sørensen T, Lawlor DA, Gaillard R, Jaddoe V. Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: an individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts. BJOG 2019; 126:984-995. [PMID: 30786138 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the separate and combined associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with the risks of pregnancy complications and their population impact. DESIGN Individual participant data meta-analysis of 39 cohorts. SETTING Europe, North America, and Oceania. POPULATION 265 270 births. METHODS Information on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and pregnancy complications was obtained. Multilevel binary logistic regression models were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, small and large for gestational age at birth. RESULTS Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain were, across their full ranges, associated with higher risks of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and large for gestational age at birth. Preterm birth risk was higher at lower and higher BMI and weight gain. Compared with normal weight mothers with medium gestational weight gain, obese mothers with high gestational weight gain had the highest risk of any pregnancy complication (odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI 2.31- 2.74). We estimated that 23.9% of any pregnancy complication was attributable to maternal overweight/obesity and 31.6% of large for gestational age infants was attributable to excessive gestational weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain are, across their full ranges, associated with risks of pregnancy complications. Obese mothers with high gestational weight gain are at the highest risk of pregnancy complications. Promoting a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain may reduce the burden of pregnancy complications and ultimately the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Promoting a healthy body mass index and gestational weight gain might reduce the population burden of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Voerman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain.,BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - L J Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M-A Charles
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), ORCHAD Team, Villejuif, France.,Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, France
| | - L Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C Chevrier
- Inserm UMR 1085, Irset - Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - G P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - O Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Costet
- Inserm UMR 1085, Irset - Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - S Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Devereux
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Doyon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M Eggesbø
- Department of Exposure and Environmental Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M P Fantini
- The Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Farchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - F Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - V Georgiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - K M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D Gori
- The Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - I Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B Heude
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), ORCHAD Team, Villejuif, France.,Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, France
| | - M-F Hivert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Hryhorczuk
- Center for Global Health, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R-C Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - H Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - B Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L K Küpers
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - I Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Magnus
- Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Majewska
- Department of Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Mäkelä
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - F M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics& Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S W McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Mehegan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Public Health and Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sach's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C S Morgen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Moschonis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - D Murray
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Paediatrics & Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Ní Chaoimh
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A-M Nybo Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajjm Oostvogels
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Pac
- Department of Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Exposures and Epidemiology, Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Pekkanen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Pizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - K Polanska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - L Richiardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - A C Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Stigum
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Stoltenberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Torrent
- Ib-salut, Area de Salut de Menorca, Menorca, Spain
| | - S C Tough
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - S Turner
- Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mmhj van Gelder
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud REshape Innovation Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L van Rossem
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A von Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - M Vrijheid
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tgm Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - A H Wijga
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - O Zvinchuk
- Department of Medical and Social Problems of Family Health, Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tia Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vwv Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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Angulo A, Santos AC, López M, Langeani F, Mcmahan CD. A new species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from Costa Rica and Panama, with a key to the lower Central American species of the genus. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1866-1887. [PMID: 29624681 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Astyanax anai, a new species of characid fish, is described from the Sixaola River basin, eastern Costa Rica-western Panama, Central America. The new species can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: premaxillary teeth 4-5 at the inner series and 4-6 at the outer series; maxillary teeth tricuspid, 2-4; predorsal scale series irregular and incomplete, with an unscaled space behind tip of supraoccipital process and 12-14 scales; lateral line scales 34-39; humeral region with a conspicuous black and rounded to horizontally ovate spot and two diffuse brown and vertically elongate bars (the first through the rounded to horizontally ovate spot, the second 2-4 scales behind the first); body depth 36·6-42·3% of standard length (LS ); midlateral stripe formed by a series of 10-14 anteriorly-directed dermal herringbone, or chevron-shaped, marks, most apparent in juveniles and in preserved specimens, extending above the lateral line from the black humeral spot or just behind it (from the second vertical bar) to the caudal peduncle; scale rows from lateral line to base of first dorsal-fin ray 8-9; scale rows from lateral line to base of pelvic fin 7-8; pre-anal distance 53·9-61·9% of LS ; total anal-fin elements 29-33; caudal spot elongated, rhomboid or rectangular, with its anterior margin surpassing the middle of the caudal peduncle, usually reaching the anal-fin insertion, posteriorly covering 4-7 principal caudal-fin rays and not extending onto the ventral and dorsal margins of the caudal peduncle, covering 3-5 horizontal scale rows. In order to test the phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon in relation to the other North and Central American species of the genus, a new phylogenetic hypothesis based on a reanalysis of the morphological matrix by Schmitter-Soto (2016) is proposed. A key to the lower Central American (southern Nicaragua to eastern Panama) species of Astyanax is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Angulo
- Museo de Zoología and Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M López
- Museo de Zoología and Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - F Langeani
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C D Mcmahan
- The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S, Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605, U.S.A
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26
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Bernardes CP, Santos NAG, Sisti FM, Ferreira RS, Santos-Filho NA, Cintra ACO, Cilli EM, Sampaio SV, Santos AC. A synthetic snake-venom-based tripeptide (Glu-Val-Trp) protects PC12 cells from MPP + toxicity by activating the NGF-signaling pathway. Peptides 2018; 104:24-34. [PMID: 29684590 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Venom small peptides that target neurotrophin receptors might be beneficial in neurodegeneration, including Parkinsońs disease (PD). Their small size, ease of synthesis, structural stability and target selectivity make them important tools to overcome the limitations of endogenous neurotrophins as therapeutic agents. Additionally, they might be optimized to improve resistance to enzymatic degradation, bioavailability, potency and, mainly, lipophilicity, important to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the synthetic snake-venom-based peptide p-BTX-I (Glu-Val-Trp) in PC12 cells treated with MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that induces Parkinsonism in vivo. The peptide p-BTX-I induced neuritogenesis, which was reduced by (i) k252a, antagonist of the NGF-selective receptor, trkA (tropomyosin receptor kinase A); (ii) LY294002, inhibitor of the PI3 K/AKT pathway and (iii) U0126, inhibitor of the MAPK-ERK pathway. Besides that, p-BTX-I also increased the expression of GAP-43 and synapsin, which are molecular markers of axonal growth and synaptic communication. In addition, the peptide increased the viability and differentiation of cells exposed to MPP+, known to inhibit neuritogenesis. Altogether, our findings suggest that the synthetic peptide p-BTX-I protects PC12 cells from MPP+ toxicity by a mechanism that mimics the neurotrophic action of NGF. Therefore, the molecular structure of p-BTX-I might be relevant in the development of drugs aimed at restoring the axonal connectivity in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P Bernardes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Neife A G Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia M Sisti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scalco Ferreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norival A Santos-Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Química de Araraquara-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Química de Araraquara-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Grangeia A, Alves S, Gonçalves L, Gregório I, Santos AC, Barros H, Barros A, Carvalho F, Moura C. Spectrum of CFTR gene sequence variants in a northern Portugal population. Pulmonology 2018; 24:3-9. [PMID: 29589582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, the spectrum of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene variants is not known. The main objective of this work was to determine the type and frequency of CFTR variants in a sample from northern Portugal by the complete analysis of the CFTR coding sequencing performed in 512 Portuguese children. A total of 30 different CFTR sequence variants, already reported as cystic fibrosis (CF) or CFTR related disorders variants, were detected. Ninety-two children (18.0%; 95%CI: 14.7-21.6) were found to be carriers of one sequence variant and 8 (1.6%; 95%CI: 0.7-3.1) had two sequence variants. Taking into consideration only variants that may cause CF when combined with a pathogenic CF variant, the CF pathogenic variant carrier frequency was 3.3% (95%CI: 1.9-5.3). One (0.2%; 95%CI: 0.01-0.7) child presented two CF pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS The majority of CFTR variants detected have been associated with a less severe CF phenotype. A wide spectrum of CFTR variants was identified, confirming the highest CFTR allelic heterogeneity previously reported in Mediterranean country. Additionally, better knowledge about the CFTR sequence variation spectrum may contribute to more efficient genetic testing in the Portuguese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grangeia
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - S Alves
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Gonçalves
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - I Gregório
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Barros
- Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Moura
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; São João Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Marques LH, Santos AC, Castro BA, Storer NP, Babcock JM, Lepping MD, Sa V, Moscardini VF, Rule DM, Fernandes OA. Impact of transgenic soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins on the non-target arthropod community associated with soybean in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191567. [PMID: 29394266 PMCID: PMC5796694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-scale studies that examine the potential for adverse effects of Bt crop technology on non-target arthropods may supplement data from laboratory studies to support an environmental risk assessment. A three year field study was conducted in Brazil to evaluate potential for adverse effects of cultivating soybean event DAS-81419-2 that produces the Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins. To do so, we examined the diversity and abundance of non-target arthropods (NTAs) in Bt soybean in comparison with its non-Bt near isoline, with and without conventional insecticide applications, in three Brazilian soybean producing regions. Non-target arthropod abundance was surveyed using Moericke traps (yellow pan) and pitfall trapping. Total abundance (N), richness (S), Shannon-Wiener (H'), Simpson's (D) and Pielou's evenness (J) values for arthropod samples were calculated for each treatment and sampling period (soybean growth stages). A faunistic analysis was used to select the most representative NTAs which were used to describe the NTA community structure associated with soybean, and to test for effects due to the treatments effects via application of the Principal Response Curve (PRC) method. Across all years and sites, a total of 254,054 individuals from 190 taxa were collected by Moericke traps, while 29,813 individuals from 100 taxa were collected using pitfall traps. Across sites and sampling dates, the abundance and diversity measurements of representative NTAs were not significantly affected by Bt soybean as compared with non-sprayed non-Bt soybean. Similarly, community analyses and repeated measures ANOVA, when applicable, indicated that neither Bt soybean nor insecticide sprays altered the structure of the NTA communities under study. These results support the conclusion that transgenic soybean event DAS-81419-2 producing Cry1Ac and Cry1F toxins does not adversely affect the NTA community associated with soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H. Marques
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Boris A. Castro
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | - Miles D. Lepping
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Verissimo Sa
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dwain M. Rule
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Odair A. Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Dias A, Faria I, Santos AC, Bárbara C. Thinking outside the thorax for patients difficult to wean from non-invasive ventilation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis and management in a Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit. Pulmonology 2017; 24:S2173-5115(17)30161-6. [PMID: 29290577 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Dias
- Chest Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - I Faria
- Chest Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Chest Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Bárbara
- Chest Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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30
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Trzesniak C, Linares IM, Coimbra ÉR, Júnior AV, Velasco TR, Santos AC, Hallak JE, Sakamoto AC, Busatto GF, Crippa JA. Adhesio interthalamica and cavum septum pellucidum in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:849-56. [PMID: 26497889 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The absence of the adhesio interthalamica (AI; also called interthalamic adhesion or massa intermedia) and the presence of a large cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) later in life have been related to neurodevelopmental alterations and have not been systematically investigated in epilepsy to date. This study carried out a MRI evaluation of the AI and CSP in a large sample with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). A total of 179 patients, classified according to the side of the epileptogenic focus, and 156 age- and sex-balanced healthy controls were assessed. Between-group comparisons of the prevalence and length of both AI and CSP were conducted. Neuropsychological assessments were also performed in 160 MTLE patients. The patients exhibited reduction in the AI prevalence (P < 0.05; FDR-uncorrected) and length (P < 0.05; FDR-corrected) when compared to controls. Patients without AI showed lower scores in a proportion of neuropsychological tests than patients with AI. No CSP differences were found between MTLE patients and controls. These results support that AI anomalies have clinical significance in MTLE, as well as indicate that neurodevelopmental alterations may be implicated in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Trzesniak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ila M Linares
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Érica R Coimbra
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Veriano Júnior
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tonicarlo R Velasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Americo C Sakamoto
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,INCT Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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31
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Tochetto C, Lima DA, Varela APM, Loiko MR, Paim WP, Scheffer CM, Herpich JI, Cerva C, Schmitd C, Cibulski SP, Santos AC, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. Full-Genome Sequence of Porcine Circovirus type 3 recovered from serum of sows with stillbirths in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:5-9. [PMID: 29027372 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Two full-genome sequences of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) are reported. The genomes were recovered from pooled serum samples from sows who had just delivered litters with variable numbers of stillbirths. The two circular genomes (PCV3-BR/RS/6 and PCV3-BR/RS/8) are 2,000 nucleotides long and contain two open reading frames (ORFs) oriented in opposite directions that encode the putative capsid (Cap) and replicase (Rep) proteins. The intergenic region contains a stem-loop motif, as reported for other circoviruses. Rolling circle replication motifs and putative helicase domains were identified in the Rep coding region. The degree of overall nucleotide similarity between the genomes reported here and those available at GenBank was higher than 97%. No PCV3 sequence was detected in pooled serum samples from sows which had no stillbirths on the same farms. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the association between PCV3 and the occurrence of stillbirths.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tochetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D A Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M R Loiko
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - W P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C M Scheffer
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J I Herpich
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C Cerva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - C Schmitd
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - P M Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rosa CE, Soares JC, Figueiredo FP, Cavalli RC, Barbieri MA, Schaufelberger MS, Salmon CEG, Del-Ben CM, Santos AC. Glutamatergic and neural dysfunction in postpartum depression using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 265:18-25. [PMID: 28494346 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent subtype of major depressive disorder, neuroimaging studies on PPD are rare, particularly those identifying neurochemical abnormalities obtained by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS). The dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) are part of the neural pathways involved in executive functions and emotional processing, and both structures have been implicated in the neurobiology of depressive disorders. This study aimed to evaluate brain metabolites abnormalities in women with PPD compared with healthy postpartum (HP) women. Thirty-six PPD (34 without antidepressants) and 25 HP women underwent a ¹H-MRS acquired on a 3-T MRI system, with the volume of interest positioned in ACG and DLPF. An ANCOVA was conducted with age, postpartum time, and contraceptive type as covariates. PPD group presented significantly lower Glutamate+Glutamine (Glx, -0.95mM) and N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAA, -0.60mM) values in DLPF. There were no significant differences between groups in ACG, but we found a significant increase of Glutamate (Glu, 2.18mM) and Glx (1.84mM) in participants using progestogen-only contraceptives. These findings suggest glutamatergic dysfunction and neuronal damage in the DLPF of PPD patients, similarly to other subtypes of depressive disorders. Progestogens seem to interfere in the neurochemistry of ACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radiology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Psychiatric Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Jair C Soares
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Felipe P Figueiredo
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Psychiatric Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco A Barbieri
- Department of the Pediatrics and Puericulture, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maristela S Schaufelberger
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Psychiatric Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos E G Salmon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina M Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Psychiatric Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radiology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Fernandes AR, Ferreira NR, Fangueiro JF, Santos AC, Veiga FJ, Cabral C, Silva AM, Souto EB. Ibuprofen nanocrystals developed by 2 2 factorial design experiment: A new approach for poorly water-soluble drugs. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:1117-1124. [PMID: 30166898 PMCID: PMC6111112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of the particle size of drugs of pharmaceutical interest down to the nano-sized range has dramatically changed their physicochemical properties. The greatest disadvantage of nanocrystals is their inherent instability, due to the risk of crystal growth. Thus, the selection of an appropriate stabilizer is crucial to obtain long-term physicochemically stable nanocrystals. High pressure homogenization has enormous advantages, including the possibility of scaling up, lack of organic solvents and the production of small particles diameter with low polydispersity index. The sequential use of high shear homogenization followed by high pressure homogenization, can modulate nanoparticles’ size for different administration routes. The present study focuses on the optimization of the production process of two formulations composed of different surfactants produced by High Shear Homogenization followed by hot High Pressure Homogenization. To build up the surface response charts, a 22 full factorial design experiment, based on 2 independent variables, was used to develop optimized formulations. The effects of the production process on the mean particle size and polydispersity index were evaluated. The best ibuprofen nanocrystal formulations were obtained using 0.20% Tween 80 and 1.20% PVP K30 (F1) and 0.20% Tween 80 and 1.20% Span 80 (F2). The estimation of the long-term stability of the aqueous suspensions of ibuprofen nanocrystals was studied using the LUMISizer. The calculated instability index suggests that F1 was more stable when stored at 4 °C and 22 °C, whereas F2 was shown to be more stable when freshly prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N R Ferreira
- CQ Pharna, (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J F Fangueiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Portugal
| | - F J Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC-IBILI), University of Coimbra, Po'lo das Ciências da Sau'de, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tras-os Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sousa C, Pereira I, Santos AC, Carbone C, Kovačević AB, Silva AM, Souto EB. Targeting dendritic cells for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:237-248. [PMID: 28697439 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, it has been recognized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are not only cell debris with no biological role, but instead they play a key role in information exchange between cells either in health and disease conditions. EVs exhibit indeed their biological role in a pleiotropic manner. They can modulate immune responses through the activation, transfer or removal of surface receptors on target cells, the removal of cytolytic components such as membrane attack complexes, and the transfer of signaling molecules/effectors, such as nucleic acid species, infectious particles, and oncogenes. Among the naturally-derived nanoparticles that have been developed in the last years, stimuli responsive exosomes drew special attention since they intrinsically possess many attributes of a desirable drug delivery system. Their small size allows them to bypass the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) clearance, thereby prolonging their circulation time for passive targeting to inflammatory tissues. Moreover, they can deliver their cargo directly into the cytosol, avoiding the lysosomal/endosomal pathway and thus, increasing the transfection efficiency when they are used as gene delivery systems. of This review offers the state of the art knowledge on the physiology and properties of EVs, namely, apoptotic vesicles, microvesicles and exosomes as innovative drug delivery systems for gene therapy, with a special focus on targeting dendritic cells for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Carbone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Dept. of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A B Kovačević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tras-os Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Nascimento LS, Santos AC, Lucena JMS, Silva LGO, Almeida AEM, Brasileiro-Santos MS. Acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in resistant hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:250. [PMID: 28578691 PMCID: PMC5457580 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant hypertension is a specific condition that affects approximately 10% of subjects with hypertension, and is characterized by persistently high blood pressure levels even using therapy of three or more antihypertensive agents or with blood pressure control using therapy with four or more antihypertensive agents. Changes in lifestyle, such as physical exercise, are indicated for controlling blood pressure. However, investigating studies about this therapy in individuals with resistant hypertension are few. METHODS/DESIGN This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty-eight patients with resistant hypertension will be submitted to perform four short-term interventions: aerobic exercise sessions (mild-, moderate- and high-intensity) and control session, in random order and on separate days. After the short-term sessions, the patients will be randomly allocated into four groups for 8 weeks of follow-up: mild-, moderate- and high-intensity aerobic exercise, and a control group. The primary outcome is the occurrence of blood pressure reduction (office and ambulatory analysis, and acute and chronic effects). Secondary outcomes are autonomic and hemodynamic mechanisms: cardiac and vasomotor autonomic modulation, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, forearm blood flow and vascular resistance. DISCUSSION The importance of exercise for hypertension has been known for decades, but little is known about the effects on patients with resistant hypertension. This study will help to understand whether different aerobic exercise intensities can induce different responses, as well as by what mechanisms adjustments in blood pressure levels may occur. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02670681 . Registered on 28 January 2016 (first version); Brazilian Registry Platform Clinical Trials: protocol RBR-5q24zh . Registered on 24 June 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- LS Nascimento
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco I, CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
- Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
| | - AC Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco I, CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
- Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
| | - JMS Lucena
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Tocantinópolis, Centro, CEP 77900-000 Tocantinópolis, Tocantins Brasil
| | - LGO Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco I, CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
| | - AEM Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco I, CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
| | - MS Brasileiro-Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco I, CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
- Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brasil
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Leoni RF, Oliveira IAF, Pontes-Neto OM, Santos AC, Leite JP. Cerebral blood flow and vasoreactivity in aging: an arterial spin labeling study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5670. [PMID: 28355354 PMCID: PMC5423749 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20175670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in young and elderly participants were assessed using pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in combination with inhalation of CO2. Pulsed ASL and BOLD-MRI were acquired in seventeen asymptomatic volunteers (10 young adults, age: 30±7 years; 7 elderly adults, age: 64±8 years) with no history of diabetes, hypertension, and neurological diseases. Data from one elderly participant was excluded due to the incorrigible head motion. Average baseline CBF in gray matter was significantly reduced in elderly (46±9 mL·100 g-1·min-1) compared to young adults (57±8 mL·100 g-1·min-1; P=0.02). Decreased pulsed ASL-CVR and BOLD-CVR in gray matter were also observed in elderly (2.12±1.30 and 0.13±0.06 %/mmHg, respectively) compared to young adults (3.28±1.43 and 0.28±0.11 %/mmHg, respectively; P<0.05), suggesting some degree of vascular impairment with aging. Moreover, age-related decrease in baseline CBF was observed in different brain regions (inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri; precentral and postcentral gyri; superior temporal gyrus; cingulate gyri; insula, putamen, caudate, and supramarginal gyrus). In conclusion, CBF and CVR were successfully investigated using a protocol that causes minimal or no discomfort for the participants. Age-related decreases in baseline CBF and CVR were observed in the cerebral cortex, which may be related to the vulnerability for neurological disorders in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Leoni
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - I A F Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - O M Pontes-Neto
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Santos
- Divisão de Radiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J P Leite
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Casagrande R, Georgetti SR, Verri WA, Jabor JR, Santos AC, Fonseca MJV. Evaluation of functional stability of quercetin as a raw material and in different topical formulations by its antilipoperoxidative activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 7:E64-E71. [PMID: 16584140 PMCID: PMC2750709 DOI: 10.1208/pt070110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the antioxidant activity of the flavonol quercetin, and its functional stability as a raw material and when added in formulations. The iron-chelating activity was determined using the bathophenanthroline assay, and the functional stability was evaluated with the antilipoperoxidative assay. Raw material presented concentration-dependent antilipoperoxidative and iron-chelating activities. The initial antilipoperoxidative activity of the raw material, cream and gel-cream were 63%, 78%, and 69%, respectively. There was no detectable loss of activity during 182 days (6 months) of storage at all tested temperatures (4°C, room temperature [RT], 37°C, and 45°C) for the raw material. Considering the method variability of 10%, activity loss greater than 10% for nonionic cream was detected after 126 days at 4°C (20.1%), decreasing thereafter to 22.2% after 182 days. At 45°C, the loss of activity started after 182 days (13.2%). For the anionic gel-cream, activity loss started after 84 days (28.4%, 45°C), decreasing after 182 days to 40.3% at 45°C. At 37°C, activity loss was detected after 182 days (12%). In conclusion, the results suggest that the activity of quercetin depends on iron chelation, and its posible usefulness as a topical antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress-induced skin damage depends on maintaining its antilipoperoxidative activity stored at RT, which avoids special storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto - University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Santos S, Severo M, Gaillard R, Santos AC, Barros H, Oliveira A. The role of prenatal exposures on body fat patterns at 7 years: Intrauterine programming or birthweight effects? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1004-1010. [PMID: 27461861 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It remains unknown whether the effects of prenatal exposures on child's adiposity reflect entirely intrauterine programming. We aimed to assess the effects of maternal gestational weight gain, diabetes and smoking on the child's body fat patterns, disentangling the direct (through intrauterine programming) and indirect (through birthweight) effects. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 4747 singleton 7-year-old children from the Generation XXI birth cohort (Porto, Portugal). At birth, maternal and newborn's characteristics were obtained. Anthropometrics were measured at age 7 years and body fat patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Path analysis was used to quantify direct, indirect and total effects of gestational weight gain, diabetes and smoking on body fat patterns. Pattern 1 was characterized by strong factor loadings with body mass index, fat mass index and waist-to-height ratio (fat quantity) and pattern 2 with waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, and waist-to-weight ratio (fat distribution). The positive total effect of maternal gestational weight gain and diabetes on the child's fat quantity was mainly through a direct pathway, responsible for 91.7% and 83.7% of total effects, respectively (β = 0.022; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.017, 0.027; β = 0.041; 95% CI: -0.011, 0.093). No effects on fat distribution were found. Maternal prenatal smoking had a positive direct effect on patterns 1 and 2, explaining 94.9% and 76.1% of total effects, respectively. CONCLUSION The effects of maternal gestational weight gain, diabetes and smoking on a child's fat quantity seem to be mainly through intrauterine programming. Maternal smoking also showed a positive direct effect on child's fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santos
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Severo
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Santos
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Barros
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Oliveira
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
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Quaresma PGF, Weissmann L, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, de Matos AHB, Furigo IC, Simabuco FM, Donato J, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Prada PO. Cdc2-like kinase 2 in the hypothalamus is necessary to maintain energy homeostasis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:268-278. [PMID: 27733761 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons and if it is, whether the hypothalamic CLK2 has a role in the regulation of energy balance. SUBJECTS Swiss mice on chow or high-fat diet (HFD) and db/db mice on chow diet were used to address the role of CLK2 in the hypothalamus. RESULTS Hypothalamic CLK2Thr343 phosphorylation, which induces CLK2 activity, is regulated in vivo by refeeding, insulin and leptin, in a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-dependent manner. The reduction of CLK2 expression in the hypothalamus, by chronic pharmacological inhibition with TG003 or by chronic knockdown with small interfering RNA was sufficient to abolish the anorexigenic effect of insulin and leptin, to increase body weight, fat mass, food intake and to decrease energy expenditure in mice on chow. In contrast, CLK2Thr343 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus in response to insulin, leptin or refeeding was impaired in mice on HFD or in db/db mice. Chronic CLK2 inhibition in the hypothalamus was associated with a slight increase in the fasting blood glucose levels, reduction in PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) expression in the liver and enhanced glucose production from pyruvate, suggesting a regulation of hepatic glucose production. Further, overexpressing CLK2 in the mediobasal hypothalami of mice on HFD or in db/db mice by adenovirus partially reversed the obese phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results suggest that protein CLK2 integrates some important hypothalamic pathways, and may be a promising molecule for new therapeutic approaches for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Bittencourt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marques LH, Castro BA, Rossetto J, Silva OABN, Moscardini VF, Zobiole LHS, Santos AC, Valverde-Garcia P, Babcock JM, Rule DM, Fernandes OA. Efficacy of Soybean's Event DAS-81419-2 Expressing Cry1F and Cry1Ac to Manage Key Tropical Lepidopteran Pests Under Field Conditions in Brazil. J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:1922-8. [PMID: 27401112 PMCID: PMC5892136 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) event DAS-81419-2 (Conkesta technology) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, expresses Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins to provide protection from feeding by several lepidopteran pests. A total of 27 field experiments across nine locations were conducted from 2011 to 2015 in southern and central Brazil to characterize the efficacy of DAS-81419-2 soybean infested with Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during vegetative (V4) and reproductive (R2 and R4) crop developmental stages. The efficacy of DAS-81419-2 was compared to that of a non-Bt isogenic variety managed with or without applications of commercial foliar insecticides for lepidopteran control. DAS-81419-2 soybean consistently experienced defoliation levels of 0.5% or less (compared with 20.05-56.74% in the non-Bt, nonsprayed treatment) and larval survival of < 0.1% in all four species across the vegetative and reproductive plant stages evaluated. The efficacy of DAS-81419-2 was significantly higher than commercial foliar insecticides applied to the non-Bt variety. DAS-81419-2 soybeans containing two highly effective Bt proteins are expected to be a more robust IRM tool compared to single-trait Bt technologies. The consistent efficacy of DAS-81419-2 soybeans across years, locations, and crop stages suggests that it will be a valuable product for management of hard-to-control key lepidopteran pests in South American soybean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Marques
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; ) Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - B A Castro
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (; ; ; )
| | - J Rossetto
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - O A B N Silva
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - V F Moscardini
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - L H S Zobiole
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - A C Santos
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, Av. Nações Unidas 14.171 - Diamond Tower, São Paulo, SP 04794-000, Brazil (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - P Valverde-Garcia
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (; ; ; )
| | - J M Babcock
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (; ; ; )
| | - D M Rule
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268 (; ; ; )
| | - O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
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Leitão MJ, Baldeiras I, Almeida MR, Ribeiro MH, Santos AC, Ribeiro M, Tomás J, Rocha S, Santana I, Oliveira CR. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnostic accuracy is improved by a new CSF ELISA 14-3-3γ assay. Neuroscience 2016; 322:398-407. [PMID: 26940479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein 14-3-3 is a reliable marker of rapid neuronal damage, specifically increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients. Its detection is usually performed by Western Blot (WB), prone to methodological issues. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a recently developed quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay for 14-3-3γ, in comparison with WB and other neurodegeneration markers. CSF samples from 145 patients with suspicion of prion disease, later classified as definite sCJD (n=72) or Non-prion diseases (Non-CJD; n=73) comprised our population. 14-3-3 protein was determined by WB and ELISA. Total Tau (t-Tau) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) were also evaluated. Apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) and prionic protein gene (PRNP) genotyping was assessed. ELISA 14-3-3γ levels were significantly increased in sCJD compared to Non-CJD patients (p<0.001), showing very good accuracy (AUC=0.982; sensitivity=97%; specificity=94%), and matching WB results in 81% of all cases. It strongly correlated with t-Tau and p-Tau (p<0.0001), showing slightly higher specificity (14-3-3 WB - 63%; Tau - 90%; p-Tau/t-Tau ratio - 88%). From WB inconclusive results (n=44), ELISA 14-3-3γ correctly classified 41 patients. Additionally, logistic regression analysis selected ELISA 14-3-3γ as the best single predictive marker for sCJD (overall accuracy=93%). ApoE and PRNP genotypes did not influence ELISA 14-3-3γ levels. Despite specificity for 14-3-3γ isoform, ELISA results not only match WB evaluation but also help discrimination of inconclusive results. Our results therefore reinforce this assay as a single screening test, allowing higher sample throughput and unequivocal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Leitão
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Baldeiras
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M R Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M H Ribeiro
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Ribeiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Tomás
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Rocha
- Neurology Department, St Marcos Hospital, Braga, Portugal
| | - I Santana
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C R Oliveira
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Fonseca MJ, Severo M, Santos AC. A new approach to estimating weight change and its reference intervals during the first 96 hours of life. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:1028-34. [PMID: 25488548 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to apply a novel model to estimate weight change and its reference intervals during the first 96 h of life and the time of weight nadir. METHODS This study involved 1288 full-term singletons, from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Recruitment occurred between 2005 and 2006 in all five public units providing obstetrical and neonatal care in Porto, Portugal. Birthweight was abstracted from clinical records, and the subsequent newborn anthropometrics were obtained by trained examiners. Longitudinal models to estimate postnatal weight were tested and the weight ratio was calculated as the weight during 96 h of life divided by birthweight. RESULTS The chosen model was (weight(t)~ 3241.442 + (-9.378) × t + 0.119 × t(2) + 0.000 × t(3) + b0i + b1i × t, where t represented the newborn infant's age in hours and bi represented the random coefficients. The curve inflection point (nadir) was achieved at 52.3 h of life, corresponding to a loss of 218 g and a weight ratio of 0.933. We estimated that at six, 12, 24 and 36 h of life the mean weight ratio and 10th-90th percentiles were 0.978 (0.968-0.988), 0.968 (0.953-0.983), 0.951 (0.928-0.974) and 0.939 (0.909-0.969), respectively. CONCLUSION This model allows a more accurate estimate of newborn weight change and its reference intervals, and estimated the nadir at 52.3 h of life, corresponding to a weight ratio of 0.933.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Fonseca
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Predictive Medicine and Public Health; University of Porto Medical School; Porto Portugal
| | - M Severo
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Predictive Medicine and Public Health; University of Porto Medical School; Porto Portugal
| | - AC Santos
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Predictive Medicine and Public Health; University of Porto Medical School; Porto Portugal
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Quaresma PGF, Reencober N, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, Weissmann L, de Matos AHB, Lopes-Cendes I, Folli F, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Pioglitazone treatment increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure partially via hypothalamic adiponectin/adipoR1/AMPK pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:138-46. [PMID: 26228462 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) enhanced body weight (BW) partially by increased adipogenesis and hyperphagia. Neuronal PPARγ knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) are leaner because of enhanced leptin response, although it could be secondary to their leanness. Thus, it still is an open question how TZDs may alter energy balance. Multiple factors regulate food intake (FI) and energy expenditure (EE), including anorexigenic hormones as insulin and leptin. Nonetheless, elevated hypothalamic AMPK activity increases FI and TZDs increase AMPK activity in muscle cells. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether Pioglitazone (PIO) treatment alters hypothalamic insulin and leptin action/signaling, AMPK phosphorylation, and whether these alterations may be implicated in the regulation of FI and EE. METHODS Swiss mice on HFD (2 months) received PIO (25 mg kg(-1) per day-gavage) or vehicle for 14 days. AMPK and AdipoR1 were inhibited via Intracerebroventricular injections using Compound C (CompC) and small interference RNA (siRNA), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and CLAMS were done. RESULTS PIO treatment increased BW, adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and decreased POMC mRNA expression and EE in HFD mice. Despite higher adiposity, PIO treatment improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, decreased insulin and increased adiponectin serum levels. This result was associated with, improved insulin and leptin action/signaling, decreased α2AMPK(Ser491) phosphorylation and elevated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and AMPK(Thr172) phosphorylation in hypothalamus. The inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK with CompC was associated with decreased adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and EE in PIO-treated mice. The reduced expression of hypothalamic AdipoR1 with siRNA concomitantly with PIO treatment reverted PIO induced obesity development, suggesting that adiponectin may be involved in this effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that PIO, despite improving insulin/leptin action in hypothalamus, increases FI and decreases EE, partially, by activating hypothalamic adiponectin/AdipoR1/AMPK axis. Suggesting a novel mechanism in the hypothalamus by which TZDs increase BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Reencober
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - F Folli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
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Belo S, Santos AC, Madureira A, Pereira J, Sarmento A, Carvalho D, Freitas P. IL-4 and IL-6 levels and adipose tissue distribution in HIV-1 patients under antiretroviral therapy. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:779-84. [PMID: 25722225 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been associated with complications, including lipodystrophy. Several interleukins have been implicated in the pathology and physiology of lipodystrophy. The present study aimed to compare the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in HIV-1 patients under cART with and without, clinically and fat mass ratio defined, lipodystrophy and in four different groups of fat distribution: (1) no lipodystrophy; (2) isolated central fat accumulation; (3) isolated lipoatrophy and (4) mixed forms of lipodystrophy. METHODS In the present cross-sectional study we evaluated IL-4 and IL-6 levels, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity indexes in 86 HIV-infected adults under cART. RESULTS No significant differences in IL-4 and IL-6 levels between the four groups of body composition were observed. Patients with HOMA-IR >4 presented higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-4, although without statistical significance. No correlation between IL-6, or IL-4, HOMA-IR and quantitative body fat mass distribution was found. CONCLUSION Although there was a tendency for patients with isolated lipoatrophy and isolated fat accumulation to present higher IL-6 levels, these differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found relating IL-4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belo
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A C Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Madureira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Pereira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Sarmento
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - D Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Freitas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Palhano-Fontes F, Andrade KC, Tofoli LF, Santos AC, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, Ribeiro S, de Araujo DB. The psychedelic state induced by ayahuasca modulates the activity and connectivity of the default mode network. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118143. [PMID: 25693169 PMCID: PMC4334486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiences induced by psychedelics share a wide variety of subjective features, related to the complex changes in perception and cognition induced by this class of drugs. A remarkable increase in introspection is at the core of these altered states of consciousness. Self-oriented mental activity has been consistently linked to the Default Mode Network (DMN), a set of brain regions more active during rest than during the execution of a goal-directed task. Here we used fMRI technique to inspect the DMN during the psychedelic state induced by Ayahuasca in ten experienced subjects. Ayahuasca is a potion traditionally used by Amazonian Amerindians composed by a mixture of compounds that increase monoaminergic transmission. In particular, we examined whether Ayahuasca changes the activity and connectivity of the DMN and the connection between the DMN and the task-positive network (TPN). Ayahuasca caused a significant decrease in activity through most parts of the DMN, including its most consistent hubs: the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC)/Precuneus and the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC). Functional connectivity within the PCC/Precuneus decreased after Ayahuasca intake. No significant change was observed in the DMN-TPN orthogonality. Altogether, our results support the notion that the altered state of consciousness induced by Ayahuasca, like those induced by psilocybin (another serotonergic psychedelic), meditation and sleep, is linked to the modulation of the activity and the connectivity of the DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia C. Andrade
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Luis F. Tofoli
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Draulio B. de Araujo
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil
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Chaves C, Marque CR, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Wichert-Ana L, Ferrari TB, Santos AC, Araújo D, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Bressan RA, Elkis H, Crippa JA, Guimarães FS, Zuardi AW, Baker GB, Dursun SM, Hallak JEC. Effects of minocycline add-on treatment on brain morphometry and cerebral perfusion in recent-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:439-45. [PMID: 25497439 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline has neuroprotective effects and is a potential treatment for schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms of action of minocycline in the CNS remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of minocycline on brain morphology and cerebral perfusion in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia after 12months of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of minocycline add-on treatment. This study included 24 outpatients with recent-onset schizophrenia randomized for 12months of adjuvant treatment with minocycline (200mg/d) or placebo. MRI (1.5T) and [(99m)Tc]-ECD SPECT brain scans were performed at the end of the 12-month of trial. Between-condition comparisons of SPECT and MRI brain images were performed using statistical parametric mapping and analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Minocycline adjuvant treatment significantly reduced positive and negative symptoms when compared with placebo. The VBM analysis of MRI scans showed that the patients in the placebo group had significant lower gray matter volumes in the midposterior cingulate cortex and in the precentral gyrus in comparison with the patients in the minocycline group. In addition, a decreased ECD uptake in the minocycline condition was observed in fronto-temporal areas. These results suggest that minocycline may protect against gray matter loss and modulate fronto-temporal areas involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, minocycline add-on treatment may be a potential treatment in the early stages of schizophrenia and may ameliorate clinical deterioration and brain alterations observed in this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Chaves
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil.
| | - Cristiane R Marque
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - João P Maia-de-Oliveira
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lauro Wichert-Ana
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago B Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Radiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Araújo
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - João P Machado-de-Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helio Elkis
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
| | - Glen B Baker
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil; Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil
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Farias JR, Horikoshi RJ, Santos AC, Omoto C. Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin From Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. J Econ Entomol 2014; 107:2182-9. [PMID: 26470084 DOI: 10.1603/ec14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The genetically modified maize TC1507 event with the cry1F gene (Cry1F maize) has been used to control Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil since the 2009-2010 cropping season. As part of the insect resistance management program, we conducted studies to determine the baseline susceptibility to Cry1F before the widespread planting of Cry1F maize. Subsequently, we evaluated the geographical and temporal variability of susceptibility to this toxin in populations of S. frugiperda collected from major maize-growing regions in Brazil. The baseline susceptibility to Cry1F was determined using a diet-overlay bioassay for a susceptible reference population and four field populations of S. frugiperda. We then monitored the susceptibility to Cry1F in 43 populations of S. frugiperda sampled in nine States of Brazil between 2011 and 2013. In the baseline study, the MIC50 (the concentration that inhibits molting to second instars in 50% of individuals) ranged from 3.59 to 72.47 ng Cry1F toxin per centimeter square. Based on the upper limit of the MIC99 value of the joint analysis from the baseline susceptibility data, the concentrations of 200 and 2,000 ng of Cry1F toxin per centimeter square were defined as diagnostic concentrations for potentially resistant individuals, and these were used to monitor the susceptibility of S. frugiperda to Cry1F. Survival at 2,000 ng Cry1F toxin per centimeter square increased significantly throughout the cropping seasons in S. frugiperda populations from São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Paraná. The highest survival (>50%) was reached in populations collected from Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Paraná during the 2012-2013 cropping season. Therefore, a significant decrease in susceptibility to Cry1F was detected in S. frugiperda throughout cropping seasons, especially in regions with intensive maize production in Brazil, according to field-evolved resistance that has been demonstrated in Brazilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano R Farias
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Renato J Horikoshi
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Santos
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268
| | - Celso Omoto
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
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Linares IMP, Jackowski AP, Trzesniak CMF, Arrais KC, Chagas MHN, Sato JR, Santos AC, Hallak JEC, Zuardi AW, Nardi AE, Coimbra NC, Crippa JAS. Cortical thinning of the right anterior cingulate cortex in spider phobia: a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study. Brain Res 2014; 1576:35-42. [PMID: 24892191 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There a lack of consistent neuroimaging data on specific phobia (SP) and a need to assess volumetric and metabolic differences in structures implicated in this condition. The aim of this study is investigate possible metabolic (via (1)H MRS) and cortical thickness abnormalities in spider-phobic patients compared to healthy volunteers. Participants were recruited via public advertisement and underwent clinical evaluations and MRI scans. The study started in 2010 and the investigators involved were not blind in respect to patient groupings. The study was conducted at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients with spider phobia (n=19) were matched to 17 healthy volunteers with respect to age, education and socio-economic status. The spider SP group fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for spider phobia according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. None of the participants had a history of neurological, psychiatric or other relevant organic diseases, use of prescribed psychotropic medication or substance abuse. All imaging and spectroscopy data were collected with a 3 T MRI scanner equipped with 25 mT gradient coils in 30-minute scans. The Freesurfer image analysis package and LC Model software were used to analyze data. The hypothesis being tested was formulated before the data collection (neural correlates of SP would include the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus and others). The results indicated the absence of metabolic alterations, but thinning of the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the SP group when compared to the healthy control group (mean cortical thickness±SD: SP=2.11±0.45 mm; HC=2.16±0.42 mm; t (34)=3.19, p=0.001 [-35.45, 71.00, -23.82]). In spectroscopy, the ratios between N-acetylaspartate and creatine and choline levels were measured. No significant effect or correlation was found between MRS metabolites and scores in the Spider Phobia Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory (p>0.05). The ACC is known to be related to the cognitive processing of fear and anxiety and to be linked with the conditioning circuit. The MRS findings are preliminary and need more studies. The finding of reduced ACC thickness in SP is in agreement with evidence from previous functional neuroimaging studies and highlights the importance of this brain area in the pathophysiology of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M P Linares
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A P Jackowski
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M F Trzesniak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K C Arrais
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H N Chagas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Medical Clinic Department, Division of Radiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N C Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy & Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Calisto KL, Camacho ACAP, Mittestainer FC, Mendes MCS, Santos AC, Saad MJA. Probiotic pretreatment improves survival and prevents gut mucosal barrier dysfunction in sepsis. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4273910 DOI: 10.1186/cc14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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50
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Barros Silva R, Santos NAG, Martins NM, Ferreira DAS, Barbosa F, Oliveira Souza VC, Kinoshita A, Baffa O, Del-Bel E, Santos AC. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against the dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. Neuroscience 2013; 233:86-94. [PMID: 23291456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a botanical compound abundant in honeybees' propolis. It has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. Its beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, have also been suggested and some mechanisms have been proposed. Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are critical events in neurodegeneration. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol and the downstream activation of caspase-3 have been suggested as targets of the protective mechanism of CAPE. Most of the studies addressing the protective effect of CAPE have been performed in cell culture. This is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of CAPE against the dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. It also demonstrates, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of CAPE on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), a mediator of neuronal death that triggers cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metal chelation was demonstrated in the brain-affected areas of the rats treated with 6-OHDA and CAPE. Additionally, we demonstrated that CAPE does not affect brain mitochondrial function. Based on these findings and on its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, CAPE is a promising compound to treat Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barros Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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