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Boo KJ, Kim DH, Cho E, Kim DH, Jeon SJ, Shin CY. Neonatal dysregulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol induces impaired brain function in adult mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110045. [PMID: 38885736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates neurotransmission linked to synaptic plasticity, cognition, and emotion. While it has been demonstrated that dysregulation of the ECS in adulthood is relevant not only to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, cognitive dysfunction, and depression but also to brain function, there are few studies on how dysregulation of the ECS in the neonatal period affects the manifestation and pathophysiology of CNS disorders later in life. In this study, DO34, a diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα) inhibitor affecting endocannabinoid 2-AG production, was injected into C57BL/6N male mice from postnatal day (PND) 7 to PND 10, inducing dysregulation of the ECS in the neonatal period. Subsequently, we examined whether it affects neuronal function in adulthood through electrophysiological and behavioral evaluation. DO34-injected mice showed significantly decreased cognitive functions, attributed to impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The findings suggest that regulation of ECS activity in the neonatal period may induce enduring effects on adult brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jun Boo
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Young Shin
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Peła Z, Gałecka M, Murgrabia A, Kondratowicz A, Gałecki P. Depressive Disorder and Dermatological Autoimmune Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3224. [PMID: 38892934 PMCID: PMC11172791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a growing problem worldwide. They are also characterized by high comorbidity, including from the circle of dermatological diseases. Autoimmune diseases seem to be particularly correlated with depressive comorbidity, raising the question of their possible common pathomechanism. The PubMed database was searched, focusing on results published after 2016. A particular reciprocal correlation of depressive disorders with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, impetigo, lupus and systemic scleroderma was found. One possible explanation for the co-occurrence of the above diseases is that the inflammatory theory may be applicable to depression, the various elements of which also apply to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (Z.P.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
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3
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Kang Y, Kang W, Kim A, Tae WS, Ham BJ, Han KM. Decreased cortical gyrification in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7512-7524. [PMID: 37154200 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurodevelopmental deviations, such as abnormal cortical folding patterns, are candidate biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the association of MDD with the local gyrification index (LGI) in each cortical region at the whole-brain level, and the association of the LGI with clinical characteristics of MDD. METHODS We obtained T1-weighted images from 234 patients with MDD and 215 healthy controls (HCs). The LGI values from 66 cortical regions in the bilateral hemispheres were automatically calculated according to the Desikan-Killiany atlas. We compared the LGI values between the MDD and HC groups using analysis of covariance, including age, sex, and years of education as covariates. The association between the clinical characteristics and LGI values was investigated in the MDD group. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with MDD showed significantly decreased LGI values in the cortical regions, including the bilateral ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices, insula, right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and several temporal and parietal regions, with the largest effect size in the left pars triangularis (Cohen's f2 = 0.361; p = 1.78 × 10-13). Regarding the association of clinical characteristics with LGIs within the MDD group, recurrence and longer illness duration were associated with increased gyrification in several occipital and temporal regions, which showed no significant difference in LGIs between the MDD and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the LGI may be a relatively stable neuroimaging marker associated with MDD predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Samaryn E, Galińska-Skok B, Nobis A, Zalewski D, Maciejczyk M, Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B, Zalewska A, Waszkiewicz N. The Effect of Antidepressant Treatment on Neurocognitive Functions, Redox and Inflammatory Parameters in the Context of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7049. [PMID: 38002663 PMCID: PMC10671940 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important component of the etiopathology of depression that uses oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) and elevated inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 infection is also associated with abnormal inflammatory processes, which may impair effective treatment of depression in COVID-19 survivors. In the presented study, thirty-three hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were started on antidepressant treatment, and twenty-one were re-evaluated after 4-6 weeks. The control group consisted of thirty healthy volunteers. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric evaluation, biochemical blood and urine analyses. The results of the research demonstrated positive correlations of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores with serum catalase (CAT) and urinary S-Nitrosothiols levels, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores with serum reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Depressed patients with a history of COVID-19 prior to the treatment had higher urinary nitric oxide (NO) levels and lower serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. In the control group, COVID-19 survivors had higher levels of urinary N-formylkynurenine (NFK). Our results suggest that the antidepressant treatment has a modulating effect on O&NS, reduces depressive symptoms and improves cognitive functions The present study does not indicate that clinical response to antidepressant treatment is associated with COVID-19 history and baseline SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. Nevertheless, further research in this area is needed to systematize antidepressant treatment in COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Samaryn
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Beata Galińska-Skok
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Daniel Zalewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
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Mrozek W, Socha J, Sidorowicz K, Skrok A, Syrytczyk A, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M. Pathogenesis and treatment of depression: Role of diet in prevention and therapy. Nutrition 2023; 115:112143. [PMID: 37562078 PMCID: PMC10299949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in depression, which is related to, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression can be fatal if not treated or if treated inappropriately. Depression is the leading cause of suicide attempts. The disease is multifactorial, and pharmacotherapy often fails to bring satisfactory results. Therefore, increasingly more importance is attached to the natural healing substances and nutrients in food, which can significantly affect the therapy process and prevention of depressive disorders. A proper diet is vital to preventing depression and can be a valuable addition to psychological and pharmacologic treatment. An inadequate diet may reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants or increase their side effects, leading to life-threatening symptoms. This study aimed to review the literature on the pathogenesis of the development and treatment of depression, with particular emphasis on dietary supplements and the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Mrozek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Socha
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klara Sidorowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skrok
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Syrytczyk
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Dachew B, Ayano G, Duko B, Lawrence B, Betts K, Alati R. Paternal Depression and Risk of Depression Among Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2329159. [PMID: 37585203 PMCID: PMC10433087 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.29159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Existing epidemiological evidence is equivocal as to whether paternal depression poses a consequent risk of depression in offspring; meta-analysis of findings can help inform preventative intervention efforts. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the association between paternal and offspring depression. Data Sources Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between inception and December 2022. Study Selection The review included all observational studies that investigated the association between paternal and offspring depression and 10 606 studies were initially identified. Data Extraction and Synthesis This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were pooled using inverse variance weighted random effect meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome of interest was offspring depression measured using recognized depression assessment tools. Results Sixteen observational studies published between 2002 and 2021 were included, with a combined sample of 7 153 723 father-child dyads. A meta-analysis of these studies showed that paternal depression was associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.71). The risk was higher among offspring exposed to paternal depressive disorders (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.28-2.12) than those exposed to depression as defined by a nonclinical symptom scale (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12-1.62) to 1.45 (95% CI, 1.18-1.78). Conclusions and Relevance Paternal depression was associated with subsequent offspring depression. This finding shows the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems and suggests that mental health interventions benefit not only the patient but also the family as a whole, including both parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berihun Dachew
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Getinet Ayano
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bereket Duko
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Blake Lawrence
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Waszkiewicz N. The Immunoseasonal Theory of Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4615. [PMID: 37510730 PMCID: PMC10380681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the influence of the weather on the well-being and mental health of psychiatric patients has been widely seen, the relationships between various seasonal weather factors and depressive, manic, anxiety, and psychotic states have not been systematized in the literature. The current article describes the seasonal changes in weather-related immune responses and their impact on the development of episodes of depression, mania, psychosis, and anxiety, highlighting the T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune balance as their potential trigger. In autumn-winter depression, the hyperactivation of the Th1 system, possibly by microbial/airborne pathogens, may lead to the inflammatory inhibition of prefrontal activity and the subcortical centers responsible for mood, drive, and motivation. Depressive mood periods are present in most people suffering from schizophrenia. In the spring and summertime, when the compensating anti-Th1 property of the Th2 immune system is activated, it decreases the Th1 response. In individuals immunogenetically susceptible to psychosis and mania, the inhibition of Th1 by the Th2 system may be excessive and lead to Th2-related frontal and subcortical hyperactivation and subsequent psychosis. In people suffering from bipolar disorder, hyperintense changes in white matter may be responsible for the partial activation of subcortical areas, preventing full paranoid psychosis. Thus, psychosis may be mood-congruent in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland
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8
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Li J, Wang J, Wang M, Zheng L, Cen Q, Wang F, Zhu L, Pang R, Zhang A. Bifidobacterium: a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of depression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174800. [PMID: 37234527 PMCID: PMC10205982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychological disease, which has become one of the main factors affecting human health. It has a serious impact on individuals, families, and society. With the prevalence of COVID-19, the incidence of depression has further increased worldwide. It has been confirmed that probiotics play a role in preventing and treating depression. Especially, Bifidobacterium is the most widely used probiotic and has positive effects on the treatment of depression. The mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects might include anti-inflammation and regulation of tryptophan metabolism, 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this mini-review, the relationship between Bifidobacterium and depression was summarized. It is hoped that Bifidobacterium-related preparations would play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of depression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Rehabilitation and Wellness Care Centre, Tianfu College of Swufe, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyu Cen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bales M, Pambrun E, Maguet C, van der Waerden J, Glangeaud-Freudenthal N, Charles MA, Bois C, Melchior M, Milgrom J, Falissard B, Verdoux H, Sutter-Dallay AL. Pathways between Risk/Protective Factors and Maternal Postnatal Depressive Symptoms: The ELFE Cohort. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093204. [PMID: 37176644 PMCID: PMC10179307 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk factors for postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) are numerous, but little is known about the protective factors or the interactions between different exposures. The present study explored the pathways between maternal, infant and parenthood vulnerabilities or risk/protective factors and PNDS at 2 months postpartum (PP) in a large sample of women from the general population. METHODS We used data from the French ELFE cohort, a nationally representative cohort of children followed-up from birth. The available information about vulnerabilities or risk/protective factors for PNDS was collected during the maternity ward stay (mother or medical records) and at 2 months PP (mother by phone). PNDS were evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 2 months. A measurement model was built based on the psychosocial model for PNDS of Milgrom and colleagues using exploratory factor analysis. The Structural Equation Model was used to investigate the pathways between vulnerability, risk/protective factors and PNDS at 2 months PP. RESULTS In the study sample (n = 11,583), a lack of a partner's perceived antenatal emotional support, consultation with a mental health specialist before pregnancy, family financial difficulties, prenatal psychological distress and a difficult pregnancy experience were directly associated with the severity of maternal PNDS at 2 months PP, as well as lack of perceived postnatal support. Family financial difficulties and consultation with a mental health specialist before pregnancy were also indirectly associated with the intensity of PNDS through a lack of perceived antenatal emotional support, a difficult pregnancy experience, prenatal psychological distress and a lack of perceived postnatal support. Regarding infant and parenthood characteristics, infant self-regulation difficulties, maternal difficulty in understanding infant crying and infant hospitalisation were directly associated with PNDS severity at 2 months PP, while maternal difficulty in understanding an infant's cries was also indirectly associated with infant self-regulation difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal professional support should begin antenatally and target the couple's prenatal functioning, with particular attention to women presenting a history of psychiatric disorders, especially those of low socioeconomic status. After delivery, addressing infant and parenthood characteristics is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bales
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Pambrun
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Maguet
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nine Glangeaud-Freudenthal
- INSERM Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics (U1153), Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Corinne Bois
- INED, INSERM EFS, Joint Unit ELFE, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Sociale, INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Bruno Falissard
- CESP/INSERM 1018 (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Maison de Solenn, 75619 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Verdoux
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Orsolini L, Pompili S, Volpe U. C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A Potent Inflammation Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:135-160. [PMID: 36949309 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have investigated the role of inflammation in psychiatric disorders, by demonstrating how an altered/dysfunctional immunological and inflammatory system may underpin a psychiatric condition. Particularly, several studies specifically investigated the role of a neuroinflammatory biomarker, named C-reactive protein (CRP), in psychiatric disorders. Overall, even though scientific literature so far published still does not appear definitive, CRP is more likely reported to be elevated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, a low-grade inflammation (CRP >3 mg/L) has been more likely observed in a subgroup of patients affected with a more severe psychopathological symptomatology, more treatment resistance and worst clinical mental illness course, strengthening the hypothesis of the need for a different clinical and prognostic characterization based on this concomitant neuroinflammatory predisposition. However, even though further research studies are needed to confirm this preliminary evidence, CRP may represent a potential clinical routine biomarker which could be integrated in the clinical routine practice to better characterize clinical picture and course as well as address clinicians towards a personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simone Pompili
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Guo J, Chen X, Lyu Z, Xiu H, Lin S, Liu F. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for post-stroke sleep disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6783-6794. [PMID: 35980480 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survivors of stroke often experience post-stroke sleep disorders (PSSDs), but pharmacotherapy risks adverse side effects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is potentially a nonpharmacotherapeutic option. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of rTMS to treat PSSD. METHODS Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rTMS to treat PSSD, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Risk-of-bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A meta-analysis of the following indexes was performed using RevMan 5.4 software: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; effective rate of sleep improvement; Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (for mood); and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS, stroke severity). Mean differences (MDs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 17 RCTs, with 1411 patients overall. The indexes indicated that rTMS could improve the sleep quality, mood, and stroke severity of patients with PSSD: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (12 studies; MD = - 2.51, 95% CI [- 3.24, - 1.79], P < 0.00001); effective rate of sleep improvement (7 studies; MD = 4.03, 95% CI [2.43, 6.68], P < 0.0001); Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (2 studies; MD = - 4.05, 95% CI [- 4.77, - 3.32], P < 0.00001); and NIHSS (2 studies; MD = -2.71, 95% CI [- 3.36, - 2.06], P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION The results suggest that rTMS may have positive effects on the sleep quality, mood, and stroke severity of patients with PSSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Guo
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fujian, 350122, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fujian, 350122, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zecai Lyu
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fujian, 350122, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqin Xiu
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fujian, 350122, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohong Lin
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fujian, 350122, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiu Yang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fujian, 350122, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Orzechowska A, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Gałecki P, Szulc A, Płaza O, Su KP, Georgescu D, Gałecka M. Ways of Coping with Stress among Patients with Depressive Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216500. [PMID: 36362729 PMCID: PMC9653687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Experiencing stressful life events and ways of coping with them can predispose to the onset of depressive mood disorders, while depression itself can be responsible for severe stress and can weaken resilience to stressors. Thus, variables relevant to the onset of depressive episodes and the course of depression have significant relationships with coping strategies to stressors. The aim of this research was to evaluate the most commonly used stress-coping strategies in patients treated for depression compared to patients with anxiety disorders and to healthy subjects. Methods: The multidimensional coping inventory (COPE Inventory) by C. S. Carver, M. F. Scheier, and J. K. Weintraub, covering 15 stress response strategies included in more general and overarching coping styles, was used in the study. Results: Patients with depression differed from the healthy subjects in a statistically significant way. Statistical analysis showed that people with depression are less likely than healthy subjects to use Active Coping, Planning, Seeking of Instrumental and Emotional Social Support, Suppression of Competing Activities, and Positive Reinterpretation. In contrast, they are more likely to use Denial, Mental Disengagement, and Behavioral Disengagement compared to those not treated for mental disorders. The patients with depressive disorders, compared to the group of patients with anxiety disorders, scored significantly differently on stress coping strategies in only two types of actions taken in stressful situations. Conclusion: The patients with depression differed from the healthy subjects in terms of the highest number of the stress coping strategies assessed. Compared to the healthy individuals, a tendency toward an avoidant behavior style was prevalent among the depressed patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with the first episode of the disease and recurrent depressive disorders in terms of stress coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Orzechowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland
| | - Olga Płaza
- Department Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan
| | - Dan Georgescu
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Old Age Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Services Aargau, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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The Australian Genetics of Depression Study: New Risk Loci and Dissecting Heterogeneity Between Subtypes. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:227-235. [PMID: 34924174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder, but little is known about the genetic characterization of this heterogeneity. Understanding the genetic etiology of MDD can be challenging because large sample sizes are needed for gene discovery-often achieved with a trade-off in the depth of phenotyping. METHODS The Australian Genetics of Depression Study is the largest stand-alone depression cohort with both genetic data and in-depth phenotyping and comprises a total of 15,792 participants of European ancestry, 92% of whom met diagnostic criteria for MDD. We leveraged the unique nature of this cohort to conduct a meta-analysis with the largest publicly available depression genome-wide association study to date and subsequently used polygenic scores to investigate genetic heterogeneity across various clinical subtypes of MDD. RESULTS We increased the number of known genome-wide significant variants associated with depression from 103 to 126 and found evidence of association of novel genes implicated in neuronal development. We found that a polygenic score for depression explained 5.7% of variance in MDD liability in our sample. Finally, we found strong support for genetic heterogeneity in depression with differential associations of multiple psychiatric and comorbid traits with age of onset, longitudinal course, and various subtypes of MDD. CONCLUSIONS Until now, this degree of detailed phenotyping in such a large sample of MDD cases has not been possible. Along with the discovery of novel loci, we provide support for differential pathways to illness models that recognize the overlap with other common psychiatric disorders as well as pathophysiological differences.
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Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Depressive Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138062. [PMID: 35805734 PMCID: PMC9265663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationships of Young’s early maladaptive schemas with indicators of specific neural emotional systems conceptualized in Panksepp’s theory in a group of people suffering from depressive disorders. Materials and methods: The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) v. 2.4. and J. Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3-PL) were used. Ninety (90) individuals aged 18–58, including 45 people treated for depression (DD group), were qualified to participate in the experiment. Results: The subjects in the DD group scored statistically significantly lower than the subjects from the control group (CG group) on the three ANPS scale domains, namely SEEKING, PLAY, and ANGER. The subjects with depressive symptoms scored significantly higher in the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire on two domains of early maladaptive schemas, i.e., “Impaired autonomy and performance” and “Other-directedness”. Regression analysis results indicate that impairment of the emotional SEEKING system explains most of the variability in the following typical domains of depression: “Disconnection and rejection”, “Impaired autonomy and performance”, and “Other-directedness”. For score variability in the domain area of “Impaired limits”, the ANGER system was found to be most significant, and the FEAR system proved the same for “Overvigilance and Inhibition”. Conclusions: 1. Two domains of early maladaptive schemas are significant for the onset of depressive symptoms, namely “Impaired autonomy and performance” and “Other-directedness”, linked to difficulties in engaging in behaviors to meet one’s own needs. 2. Impairment of the neural emotional SEEKING system most significantly explains the variability in depression-typical areas of early maladaptive schemas.
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15
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Takahashi T, Sasabayashi D, Yücel M, Whittle S, Lorenzetti V, Walterfang M, Suzuki M, Pantelis C, Malhi GS, Allen NB. Different Frequency of Heschl’s Gyrus Duplication Patterns in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An MRI Study in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917270. [PMID: 35769254 PMCID: PMC9234751 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased prevalence of duplicated Heschl’s gyrus (HG) has been repeatedly demonstrated in various stages of schizophrenia as a potential neurodevelopmental marker, but it remains unknown whether other neuropsychiatric disorders also exhibit this macroscopic brain feature. The present magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine the disease specificity of the established finding of altered HG patterns in schizophrenia by examining independent cohorts of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Twenty-six BD patients had a significantly higher prevalence of HG duplication bilaterally compared to 24 age- and sex-matched controls, while their clinical characteristics (e.g., onset age, number of episodes, and medication) did not relate to HG patterns. No significant difference was found for the HG patterns between 56 MDD patients and 33 age- and sex-matched controls, but the patients with a single HG were characterized by more severe depressive/anxiety symptoms compared to those with a duplicated HG. Thus, in keeping with previous findings, the present study suggests that neurodevelopmental pathology associated with gyral formation of the HG during the late gestation period partly overlaps between schizophrenia and BD, but that HG patterns may make a somewhat distinct contribution to the phenomenology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tsutomu Takahashi,
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain Park, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gin S. Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Küçükerden M, Schuster UE, Röckle I, Alvarez-Bolado G, Schwabe K, Hildebrandt H. Compromised mammillary body connectivity and psychotic symptoms in mice with di- and mesencephalic ablation of ST8SIA2. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35115485 PMCID: PMC8814025 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered long-range connectivity is a common finding across neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, but causes and consequences are not well understood. Genetic variation in ST8SIA2 has been associated with schizophrenia, autism, and bipolar disorder, and St8sia2-/- mice show a number of related neurodevelopmental and behavioral phenotypes. In the present study, we use conditional knockout (cKO) to dissect neurodevelopmental defects and behavioral consequences of St8sia2 deficiency in cortical interneurons, their cortical environment, or in the di- and mesencephalon. Neither separate nor combined cortical and diencephalic ablation of St8sia2 caused the disturbed thalamus-cortex connectivity observed in St8sia2-/- mice. However, cortical ablation reproduced hypoplasia of corpus callosum and fornix and mice with di- and mesencephalic ablation displayed smaller mammillary bodies with a prominent loss of parvalbumin-positive projection neurons and size reductions of the mammillothalamic tract. In addition, the mammillotegmental tract and the mammillary peduncle, forming the reciprocal connections between mammillary bodies and Gudden's tegmental nuclei, as well as the size of Gudden's ventral tegmental nucleus were affected. Only mice with these mammillary deficits displayed enhanced MK-801-induced locomotor activity, exacerbated impairment of prepulse inhibition in response to apomorphine, and hypoanxiety in the elevated plus maze. We therefore propose that compromised mammillary body connectivity, independent from hippocampal input, leads to these psychotic-like responses of St8sia2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Küçükerden
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute E. Schuster
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Röckle
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Alvarez-Bolado
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Hannover, Germany ,grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Hannover, Germany.
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17
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C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031616. [PMID: 35163538 PMCID: PMC8836046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of depression is not entirely understood. Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder. The present work aims to review the literature on the association between C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and depression. A systematic review was performed for the topics of ‘CRP’ and ‘depression’ using the PubMed database from inception to December 2021. Fifty-six studies were identified and included in the review. Evidence suggested the presence of dysregulation in the inflammation system in individuals with depression. In most studies, higher blood CRP levels were associated with greater symptom severity, a specific pattern of depressive symptoms, and a worse response to treatment. Moreover, about one-third of depressed patients showed a low-grade inflammatory state, suggesting the presence of a different major depressive disorder (MDD) subgroup with a distinct etiopathogenesis, clinical course, treatment response, and prognosis, which could benefit from monitoring of CRP levels and might potentially respond to anti-inflammatory treatments. This work provides robust evidence about the potential role of CRP and its blood levels in depressive disorders. These findings can be relevant to developing new therapeutic strategies and better understanding if CRP may be considered a valuable biomarker for depression.
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18
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Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G, Il Shin J, Kirkbride JB, Jones P, Kim JH, Kim JY, Carvalho AF, Seeman MV, Correll CU, Fusar-Poli P. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:281-295. [PMID: 34079068 PMCID: PMC8960395 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 981] [Impact Index Per Article: 490.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of good mental health, prevention, and early intervention before/at the onset of mental disorders improve outcomes. However, the range and peak ages at onset for mental disorders are not fully established. To provide robust, global epidemiological estimates of age at onset for mental disorders, we conducted a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review with meta-analysis of birth cohort/cross-sectional/cohort studies, representative of the general population, reporting age at onset for any ICD/DSM-mental disorders, identified in PubMed/Web of Science (up to 16/05/2020) (PROSPERO:CRD42019143015). Co-primary outcomes were the proportion of individuals with onset of mental disorders before age 14, 18, 25, and peak age at onset, for any mental disorder and across International Classification of Diseases 11 diagnostic blocks. Median age at onset of specific disorders was additionally investigated. Across 192 studies (n = 708,561) included, the proportion of individuals with onset of any mental disorders before the ages of 14, 18, 25 were 34.6%, 48.4%, 62.5%, and peak age was 14.5 years (k = 14, median = 18, interquartile range (IQR) = 11-34). For diagnostic blocks, the proportion of individuals with onset of disorder before the age of 14, 18, 25 and peak age were as follows: neurodevelopmental disorders: 61.5%, 83.2%, 95.8%, 5.5 years (k = 21, median=12, IQR = 7-16), anxiety/fear-related disorders: 38.1%, 51.8%, 73.3%, 5.5 years (k = 73, median = 17, IQR = 9-25), obsessive-compulsive/related disorders: 24.6%, 45.1%, 64.0%, 14.5 years (k = 20, median = 19, IQR = 14-29), feeding/eating disorders/problems: 15.8%, 48.1%, 82.4%, 15.5 years (k = 11, median = 18, IQR = 15-23), conditions specifically associated with stress disorders: 16.9%, 27.6%, 43.1%, 15.5 years (k = 16, median = 30, IQR = 17-48), substance use disorders/addictive behaviours: 2.9%, 15.2%, 48.8%, 19.5 years (k = 58, median = 25, IQR = 20-41), schizophrenia-spectrum disorders/primary psychotic states: 3%, 12.3%, 47.8%, 20.5 years (k = 36, median = 25, IQR = 20-34), personality disorders/related traits: 1.9%, 9.6%, 47.7%, 20.5 years (k = 6, median = 25, IQR = 20-33), and mood disorders: 2.5%, 11.5%, 34.5%, 20.5 years (k = 79, median = 31, IQR = 21-46). No significant difference emerged by sex, or definition of age of onset. Median age at onset for specific mental disorders mapped on a time continuum, from phobias/separation anxiety/autism spectrum disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/social anxiety (8-13 years) to anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa/obsessive-compulsive/binge eating/cannabis use disorders (17-22 years), followed by schizophrenia, personality, panic and alcohol use disorders (25-27 years), and finally post-traumatic/depressive/generalized anxiety/bipolar/acute and transient psychotic disorders (30-35 years), with overlap among groups and no significant clustering. These results inform the timing of good mental health promotion/preventive/early intervention, updating the current mental health system structured around a child/adult service schism at age 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Miriam Olivola
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Croce
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Livia Soardo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Peter Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Jae Han Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrè F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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Wachowska K, Gałecki P. Inflammation and Cognition in Depression: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5859. [PMID: 34945157 PMCID: PMC8706670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors aim to present a narrative review of research on the inflammatory aetiology of depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder, constituting the most common reason of disability due to a health condition. It has been estimated that at least one in six people suffer from depression at some point of their lives. The aetiology of depression, although researched extensively all around the world, still remains unclear. Authors discuss the possible role of inflammation in depression, the neurodevelopmental theory of depression as well as associations between cognition and depression. Possible associations between memory dysfunction among depressive patients and inflammatory markers are included. The associations between the immune system, depression and cognition are observed. Possible mediating factors between these areas include personality traits, hormonal imbalance and functioning of the brain areas. The question as to what mediating factors are involved is still open to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wachowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
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20
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Palagini L, Geoffroy PA, Riemann D. Sleep markers in psychiatry: do insomnia and disturbed sleep play as markers of disrupted neuroplasticity in mood disorders? A proposed model. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5595-5605. [PMID: 34906053 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211214164907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since insomnia and disturbed sleep may affect neuroplasticity, we aimed at reviewing their potential role as markers of disrupted neuroplasticity involved in mood disorders. METHOD We performed a systematic review, according to PRIMA, on PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase electronic databases for literature regarding mood disorders, insomnia, sleep loss/deprivation in relation to different pathways involved in the impairment of neuroplasticity in mood disorders such as 1] alterations in neurodevelopment 2] activation of the stress system 3] neuroinflammation 4] neurodegeneration/neuroprogression, 4] deficit in neuroprotection. RESULTS Sixty-five articles were analyzed and a narrative/ theoretical review was conducted. Studies showed that insomnia, sleep loss and sleep deprivation might impair brain plasticity of those areas involved in mood regulation throughout different pathways. Insomnia and disrupted sleep may act as neurobiological stressors that by over-activating the stress and inflammatory systems may affect neural plasticity causing neuronal damage. In addition, disturbed sleep may favor a deficit in neuroprotection hence contributing to impaired neuroplasticity. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia and disturbed sleep may play a role as markers of alteration in brain plasticity in mood disorders. Assessing and targeting insomnia in the clinical practice may potentially play a neuroprotective role, contributing to "repairing" alterations in neuroplasticity or to the functional recovery of those areas involved in mood and emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palagini
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100, Pisa. Italy
| | - Pierre Alexis Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France; Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm U1141, F-75019 Paris. France
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg. Germany
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Velásquez MM, Gómez-Maquet Y, Ferro E, Cárdenas W, González-Nieves S, Lattig MC. Multidimensional Analysis of Major Depression: Association Between BDNF Methylation, Psychosocial and Cognitive Domains. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:768680. [PMID: 34970165 PMCID: PMC8712447 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depression is a complex disorder with a growing incidence worldwide and multiple variables have been associated with its etiology. Nonetheless, its diagnosis is continually changing and the need to understand it from a multidimensional perspective is clear. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for depression in a case-control study with 100 depressive inpatients and 87 healthy controls. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed including psychosocial factors, cognitive maladaptive schema domains, and specific epigenetic marks (BDNF methylation levels at five CpG sites in promoter IV). A family history of depression, the cognitive schemas of impaired autonomy/performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and the methylation level of a specific CpG site were identified as predictors. Interestingly, we found a mediating effect of those cognitive schemas in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. Also, we found that depressive patients exhibited hypomethylation in a CpG site of BDNF promoter IV, which adds to the current discussion about the role of methylation in depression. We highlight that determining the methylation of a specific region of a single gene offers the possibility of accessing a highly informative an easily measurable variable, which represents benefits for diagnosis. Following complete replication and validation on larger samples, models like ours could be applicable as additional diagnostic tools in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marcela Velásquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eugenio Ferro
- Instituto Colombiano del Sistema Nervioso, Clínica Montserrat, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilmer Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia González-Nieves
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Claudia Lattig
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- SIGEN alianza Universidad de los Andes – Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Dąbrowska E, Galińska-Skok B, Waszkiewicz N. Depressive and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of the Inflammatory Background of COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1056. [PMID: 34685427 PMCID: PMC8541562 DOI: 10.3390/life11101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunctional effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on the nervous system are established. The manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms during and after infection is influenced by the neuroinvasive and neurotrophic properties of SARS-CoV-2 as well as strong inflammation characterised by a specific "cytokine storm". Research suggests that a strong immune response to a SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychological stressors related to the pandemic may cause chronic inflammatory processes in the body with elevated levels of inflammatory markers contributing to the intensification of neurodegenerative processes. It is suggested that neuroinflammation and associated central nervous system changes may significantly contribute to the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders. In addition, symptoms after a COVID-19 infection may persist for up to several weeks after an acute infection as a post-COVID-19 syndrome. Moreover, previous knowledge indicates that among SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) group antidepressants, fluoxetine is a promising drug against COVID-19. In conclusion, further research, observation and broadening of the knowledge of the pathomechanism of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact on potential complications are necessary. It is essential to continue research in order to assess the long-term neuropsychiatric effects in COVID-19 patients and to find new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Dąbrowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (B.G.-S.); (N.W.)
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Yin XY, Chen P, Zhu HW, Yin XL, Ye G, Chi YY, Kang ZP, Sun HY, Hou WL, Guan LY, Zhu ZH, Tang Z, Wang J, Zhang GY, Jia QF, Hui L. The type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene CDKAL1 polymorphism is associated with depressive symptom in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2790. [PMID: 33856697 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus that has shown a significant association with the rs7754840 polymorphism in the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1). OBJECTIVE To examine whether this polymorphism was involved in the susceptibility in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients (FDSP), and further influenced their clinical symptoms. METHODS This polymorphism was genotyped in 239 FDSP and 368 healthy controls. The clinical symptoms in FDSP were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor models. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. However, the PANSS depressive score significantly differed by genotype in FDSP after adjusting for covariates (F = 5.25, p = 0.006). This significant difference also persisted after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). FDSP with C/C genotype had significantly higher PANSS depressive score than those with C/G genotype (p = 0.007) and those with G/G genotype (p = 0.005). Moreover, further stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed the significant association between the rs7754840 polymorphism and PANSS depressive score in FDSP (β = -1.07, t = -2.75, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that although the CDKAL1 rs7754840 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FDSP, it might be implicated in depressive symptoms in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yuan Yin
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hai Wen Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital North, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Li Yin
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Yan Chi
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhao Peng Kang
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Yan Sun
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Long Hou
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lu Yang Guan
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Hua Zhu
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guang Ya Zhang
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiu Fang Jia
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Hui
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Unversity, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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Is NRXN1 Gene Expression an Important Marker of Treatment of Depressive Disorders? A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070637. [PMID: 34357104 PMCID: PMC8303668 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Due to the fact that NRXN1 is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the NRXN1 gene in the etiology and epigenetics of depression by comparison of NRXN1 mRNA expression and NRXN1 protein level expression in patients suffering from depression versus healthy controls, as well as to search for clinical variables related to expression of the analyzed gene. Material and Methods: A total of 180 people aged 19–64 qualified for the study. The experimental group consisted of 97 people who were psychiatrically hospitalized, diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders (F33) or who met the diagnostic criteria of a depressive episode (F32) according to ICD-10. The control group included 83 healthy people who volunteered to participate in the study. A sample of peripheral blood was obtained from people who were positively qualified to participate in the study—twice in the experimental group and once in the control group for genetic testing. Sociodemographic variables and data on the course of the disorder were also gathered. Patients were examined on study entry and at the end of the hospitalization with the Hamilton Depression Scale. Obtained data were analyzed statistically. The study was approved by the University’s Bioethics Committee. Results: The gene expression of NRXN1 at both mRNA and protein level significantly differs and it is lower in the experimental group compared to expression in healthy people. The difference in gene expression of NRXN1 at both the mRNA and protein levels between the first and second measurement in the experimental group is also significant. The result demonstrates a higher expression level in the first measurement and lower expression level in the second measurement when reported depression symptoms are less severe. Conclusions: Results concerning expression of NRXN1 may play an important role in further researches about the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders such as looking for depression biomarkers and identifying evidence which may be relevant to personalize treatment for depression.
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Mosiołek A, Pięta A, Jakima S, Zborowska N, Mosiołek J, Szulc A. Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Peripheral Biomarkers in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081706. [PMID: 33920992 PMCID: PMC8071355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental illness and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite a range of effective treatments, more than 30% of patients do not achieve remission as a result of conventional therapy. In these circumstances the identification of novel drug targets and pathogenic factors becomes essential for selecting more efficacious and personalized treatment. Increasing evidence has implicated the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression, revealing potential new pathways and treatment options. Moreover, convergent evidence indicates that MDD is related to disturbed neurogenesis and suggests a possible role of neurotrophic factors in recovery of function in patients. Although the influence of antidepressants on inflammatory cytokines balance was widely reported in various studies, the exact correlation between drugs used and specific cytokines and neurotrophins serum levels often remains inconsistent. Available data suggest anti-inflammatory properties of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin and noradrenaline inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as a possible additional mechanism of reduction of depressive symptoms. In this review, we outline emerging data regarding the influence of different antidepressant drugs on a wide array of peripheral biomarkers such as interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), or interferon (IFN)-γ. Presented results indicate anti-inflammatory effect for selected drugs or lack of such effect. Research in this field is insufficient to define the role of inflammatory markers as a predictor of treatment response in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mosiołek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Mazovia Specialist Health Center in Pruszków, Partyzantów 2/4 Street, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland; (S.J.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Pięta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Mazovia Specialist Health Center in Pruszków, Partyzantów 2/4 Street, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland; (S.J.); (N.Z.)
| | - Sławomir Jakima
- Mazovia Specialist Health Center in Pruszków, Partyzantów 2/4 Street, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland; (S.J.); (N.Z.)
| | - Natalia Zborowska
- Mazovia Specialist Health Center in Pruszków, Partyzantów 2/4 Street, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland; (S.J.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jadwiga Mosiołek
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 1 Street, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Mazovia Specialist Health Center in Pruszków, Partyzantów 2/4 Street, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland; (S.J.); (N.Z.)
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Gałecka M, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Maes M, Su KP, Gałecki P. Update on the neurodevelopmental theory of depression: is there any 'unconscious code'? Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:346-356. [PMID: 33385173 PMCID: PMC7994228 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is currently one of the most common psychiatric disorders and the number of patients receiving antidepressant treatment is increasing every year. Therefore, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms that are associated with higher prevalence of depression. The main component leading to the change in functioning, in the form of apathy, anhedonia, lack of motivation and sleep disturbances, is stress. This is the factor that in recent decades—due to the civilization speed, dynamic technological development as well as competitiveness and competition in relationships—significantly affects the psychophysical condition, which results in an increase in the prevalence of civilization diseases, including depression. To understand the mechanism of susceptibility to this disease, one should consider the significant role of the interaction between immune and nervous systems. Their joint development from the moment of conception is a matrix of later predispositions, both associated with the mobilization of the proinflammatory pathways (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and associated with psychological coping with stress. Such an early development period is associated with epigenetic processes that are strongly marked in prenatal development up to 1 year of age and determinate the characteristic phenotype for various forms of pathology, including depression. Regarding the inflammatory hypothesis of depression, interleukin 17 (IL-17), among other proinflammatory cytokines, might play an important role in the development of depressive disorders. It is secreted by Th17 cells, crossed the placental barrier and acts on the brain structures of the fetus by increasing IL-17 receptor levels and affecting the intensity of its signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N. Peripheral Markers of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3793. [PMID: 33255237 PMCID: PMC7760788 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (D.Z.); (N.W.)
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Adewuyi EO, Mehta D, Sapkota Y, Auta A, Yoshihara K, Nyegaard M, Griffiths LR, Montgomery GW, Chasman DI, Nyholt DR. Genetic analysis of endometriosis and depression identifies shared loci and implicates causal links with gastric mucosa abnormality. Hum Genet 2020; 140:529-552. [PMID: 32959083 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from observational studies indicates that endometriosis and depression often co-occur. However, conflicting evidence exists, and the etiology as well as biological mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we comprehensively assessed the relationship between endometriosis and depression. Single nucleotide polymorphism effect concordance analysis (SECA) found a significant genetic overlap between endometriosis and depression (PFsig-permuted = 9.99 × 10-4). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis estimated a positive and highly significant genetic correlation between the two traits (rG = 0.27, P = 8.85 × 10-27). A meta-analysis of endometriosis and depression GWAS (sample size = 709,111), identified 20 independent genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10-8), of which eight are novel. Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) suggests a causal effect of depression on endometriosis. Combining gene-based association results across endometriosis and depression GWAS, we identified 22 genes with a genome-wide significant Fisher's combined P value (FCPgene < 2.75 × 10-6). Genes with a nominal gene-based association (Pgene < 0.05) were significantly enriched across endometriosis and depression (Pbinomial-test = 2.90 × 10-4). Also, genes overlapping the two traits at Pgene < 0.1 (Pbinomial-test = 1.31 × 10-5) were significantly enriched for the biological pathways 'cell-cell adhesion', 'inositol phosphate metabolism', 'Hippo-Merlin signaling dysregulation' and 'gastric mucosa abnormality'. These results reveal a shared genetic etiology for endometriosis and depression. Indeed, additional analyses found evidence of a causal association between each of endometriosis and depression and at least one abnormal condition of gastric mucosa. Our study confirms the comorbidity of endometriosis and depression, implicates links with gastric mucosa abnormalities in their causal pathways and reveals potential therapeutic targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Adewuyi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Divya Mehta
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology And Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | | | | | - Asa Auta
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus,, Denmark.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Blues in the Brain and Beyond: Molecular Bases of Major Depressive Disorder and Relative Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091089. [PMID: 32961910 PMCID: PMC7564223 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research conducted in recent decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and relative evidence-based treatments remain unclear. Various hypotheses have been successively proposed, involving different biological systems. This narrative review aims to critically illustrate the main pathogenic hypotheses of MDD, ranging from the historical ones based on the monoaminergic and neurotrophic theories, through the subsequent neurodevelopmental, glutamatergic, GABAergic, inflammatory/immune and endocrine explanations, until the most recent evidence postulating a role for fatty acids and the gut microbiota. Moreover, the molecular effects of established both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for MDD are also reviewed. Overall, the existing literature indicates that the molecular mechanisms described in the context of these different hypotheses, rather than representing alternative ones to each other, are likely to contribute together, often with reciprocal interactions, to the development of MDD and to the effectiveness of treatments, and points at the need for further research efforts in this field.
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Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Neurodevelopmental Theory of Depression. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:6357873. [PMID: 32373361 PMCID: PMC7196148 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6357873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genome (genes), epigenome, and environment work together from the earliest stages of human life to produce a phenotype of human health or disease. Epigenetic modifications, including among other things: DNA methylation, modifications of histones and chromatin structure, as well as functions of noncoding RNA, are coresponsible for specific patterns of gene expression. This refers also to mental disorders, including depressive disorders. Early childhood experiences accompanied by severe stressors (considered a risk factor for depression in adult life) are linked with changes in gene expression. They include genes involved in a response to stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, HPA), associated with autonomic nervous system hyperactivity and with cortical, and subcortical processes of neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. These are, among others: gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor, FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5), gene encoding arginine vasopressin and oestrogen receptor alpha, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine transporter gene (SLC6A4), and gene encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor. How about personality? Can the experiences unique to every human being, the history of his or her development and gene-environment interactions, through epigenetic mechanisms, shape the features of our personality? Can we pass on these features to future generations? Hence, is the risk of depression inherent in our biological nature? Can we change our destiny?
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Talarowska ME, Szemraj J, Kuan-Pin S. Expression of ESR1 and ESR2 oestrogen receptor encoding gene and personality traits - preliminary study. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2019; 18:133-140. [PMID: 31975979 PMCID: PMC6970415 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2019.90804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main objective of the study is to examine the hypothesis claiming a correlation between personality traits measured with the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) personality questionnaire and the expression of the ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2) encoding gene in patients suffering from depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was carried out on a group of 44 individuals with depression. The Polish variant of the MMPI-2 was applied with the aim of assessing personality traits. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the expression of the genes encoding the oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) at the mRNA level and protein level in the studied population. RESULTS No significant differences in the expression of ERα and ERβ encoding genes were found and confirmed in the patients with the first episode of depression and those suffering from subsequent episodes of the disease. No differences were found between women and men, either. In women a positive relationship was found between the scale of psychopathy (p = 0.04), paranoia (p = 0.01), and mania (p = 0.03) and expression for the ERα encoding gene at the mRNA level. A negative relationship was found between the mania scale and ERβ encoding gene expression at mRNA (p = 0.03) and protein (p = 0.04) levels. In males a positive relationship between anxiety as a personality trait and expression of the ERβ receptor encoding gene at mRNA level (p = 0.03) and protein level (p = 0.03) was found. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits may be linked with the expression of genes encoding oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) among patients with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Talarowska
- Department of Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Su Kuan-Pin
- Department of General Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Kowalczyk M, Szemraj J, Bliźniewska K, Maes M, Berk M, Su KP, Gałecki P. An immune gate of depression - Early neuroimmune development in the formation of the underlying depressive disorder. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1299-1307. [PMID: 31706254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression worldwide is increasing from year to year and constitutes a serious medical, economic and social problem. Currently, despite multifactorial risk factors and pathways contributing to depression development, a significant aspect is attributed to the inflammatory process. Cytokines are considered a factor activating the kynurenine pathway, which leads to the exhaustion of tryptophan in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. This results in the activation of potentially neuroprogressive processes and also affects the metabolism of many neurotransmitters. The immune system plays a coordinating role in mediating inflammatory process. Beginning from foetal life, dendritic cells have the ability to react to bacterial and viral antigens, stimulating T lymphocytes in a similar way to adult cells. Cytotoxicity in the prenatal period shapes the predisposition to the development of depression in adult life. Allostasis, i.e. the ability to maintain the body's balance in the face of environmental adversity through changes in its behaviour or physiology, allows the organism to survive but its consequences may be unfavourable if it lasts too long. As a result, Th lymphocytes, in particular T helper 17 cells, which play a central role in the immunity of the whole body, contribute to the development of both autoimmune diseases and psychiatric disorders including depression, as well as have an impact on the differentiation of T CD4+ cells into Th17 cells in the later development of the child's organism, which confirms the importance of the foetal period for the progression of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Post-translational histone modifications and their interaction with sex influence normal brain development and elaboration of neuropsychiatric disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1968-1981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Talarowska ME, Kowalczyk M, Maes M, Carvalho A, Su KP, Szemraj J, Gałecki P. Immune to happiness - inflammatory process indicators and depressive personality traits. Arch Med Sci 2019; 16:848-857. [PMID: 32542087 PMCID: PMC7286335 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, depression is conceptualized as an immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress disorder associated with neuroprogressive changes as a consequence of peripherally activated immune-inflammatory pathways, including peripheral cytokines and immune cells which penetrate into the brain via the blood barrier, as well as nitro-oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether personality traits predisposing to a depressive episode (hypochondria, dysthymic, hysteria) are associated with changes in peripheral gene expression for selected indicators of inflammation and oxidative balance. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred four people meeting the diagnostic criteria specified for a depressive episode took part in the study. Selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) were used to measure personality traits. Expression at the mRNA and protein level for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) was examined. RESULTS Scales for the neurotic triad of the MMPI-2 test correlated significantly with the expression at the level of mRNA and protein for MnSOD, MPO and metalloproteinases 2 and 9. CONCLUSIONS The scales specified for the neurotic triad of the MMPI-2 test correspond substantially with the expression of MnSOD, MPO and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 at the mRNA and protein levels in the group of patients suffering from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- 1Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Palagini L, Domschke K, Benedetti F, Foster RG, Wulff K, Riemann D. Developmental pathways towards mood disorders in adult life: Is there a role for sleep disturbances? J Affect Disord 2019; 243:121-132. [PMID: 30243192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood disorders are among the most prevalent and serious mental disorders and rank high among to the leading global burdens of disease. The developmental psychopathology framework can offer a life course perspective on them thus providing a basis for early prevention and intervention. Sleep disturbances, are considered risk factors for mood disorders across childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Assuming that sleep disturbances may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders from a life course point of view, we reviewed the data on developmental pathways towards mood disorders in adult life in relation to sleep disturbances. METHOD From February 2017, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase electronic databases for literature on developmental pathways to mood disorders in adult life in relation to sleep disturbances and to 1) pre-natal stress, 2) early brain developmental processes, and 3) temperaments, character and attachment style. RESULTS Eleven, 54 and 15 articles were respectively selected. CONCLUSIONS Experimental and clinical studies revealed that exposure to prenatal/early life stress results in sleep disturbances such as poor sleep and altered circadian regulation phases and may predict or even precipitate mood disorders in adulthood. Chronic sleep disruption may interfere with neuronal plasticity, connectivity and the developing brain thus contributing to the development of mood disorders. In addition sleep and circadian dysregulations have been shown to be related to those temperaments, character and attachment styles which are considered precursors of mood disorders. Sleep and circadian behaviours may serve as early targets regarding mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127 Milano, Italy
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience at the University of Oxford, UK
| | - Katharina Wulff
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience at the University of Oxford, UK
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Interleukin 17 and Treg - a common pathomechanism and a new target of therapy in rheumatic diseases and depression. Reumatologia 2018; 56:201-202. [PMID: 30237623 PMCID: PMC6142021 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2018.77969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Walss-Bass C, Suchting R, Olvera RL, Williamson DE. Inflammatory markers as predictors of depression and anxiety in adolescents: Statistical model building with component-wise gradient boosting. J Affect Disord 2018; 234:276-281. [PMID: 29554616 PMCID: PMC5895481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune system abnormalities have been repeatedly observed in several psychiatric disorders, including severe depression and anxiety. However, whether specific immune mediators play an early role in the etiopathogenesis of these disorders remains unknown. METHODS In a longitudinal design, component-wise gradient boosting was used to build models of depression, assessed by the Mood-Feelings Questionnaire-Child (MFQC), and anxiety, assessed by the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in 254 adolescents from a large set of candidate predictors, including sex, race, 39 inflammatory proteins, and the interactions between those proteins and time. Each model was reduced via backward elimination to maximize parsimony and generalizability. RESULTS Component-wise gradient boosting and model reduction found that female sex, growth- regulated oncogene (GRO), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) predicted depression, while female sex predicted anxiety. LIMITATIONS Differential onset of puberty as well as a lack of control for menstrual cycle may also have been responsible for differences between males and females in the present study. In addition, investigation of all possible nonlinear relationships between the predictors and the outcomes was beyond the computational capacity and scope of the present research. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for novel statistical modeling to identify reliable biological predictors of aberrant psychological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert Suchting
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Division of Child, Adolescent and Adult Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Douglas E. Williamson
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center Durham, NC USA
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Talarowska M, Bliźniewska K, Wargacka K, Gałecki P. Birth Month and Course of Recurrent Depressive Disorders in a Polish Population. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4169-4174. [PMID: 29912861 PMCID: PMC6038719 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether the specific season of the year during which the first trimester of pregnancy takes place is significantly associated with the course (intensification and frequency of occurrence) of an episode of recurrent depressive disorder in adult life. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 184 patients treated for recurrent depressive disorders. RESULTS An analysis of the results obtained indicates that the greatest number of people suffering from a major depressive episode were born in the spring and summer (from April to September), meaning that the first trimester of pregnancy occurred between October and March. However, our results were not statistically significant, perhaps due to the small size of the examined group. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate that birth month may be significantly associated with the course of recurrent depressive disorders. In patients from Central Europe, the first trimester of pregnancy falling in autumn and winter seems to be significant. These results need to be interpreted with caution due to the small size of the examined group.
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