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Watanabe R, Nakamura S, Sugahara A, Kishi M, Sato H, Hagihara H, Shinzawa H. Revealing Molecular-Scale Structural Changes in Polymer Nanocomposites during Thermo-Oxidative Degradation Using Evolved Gas Analysis with High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis and Kendrick Mass Defect Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2628-2636. [PMID: 38287876 PMCID: PMC10867796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel method that utilizes evolved gas analysis with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (EGA-TOFMS) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis, called EGA-PCA-KMD, to analyze complex structural changes in polymer materials during thermo-oxidative degradation. While EGA-TOFMS captures exact mass data related to the degradation components in the temperature-dependent mass spectra of the evolved products, numerous high-resolution mass spectra with large amounts of ion signals and varying intensities provide challenges for interpretation. To address this, we employed mathematical decomposition through PCA to selectively extract information about the ion series specific to the products that evolved from the degradation components. Additionally, KMD analysis was applied to the attribution of the exact mass signals extracted from the PCA, which categorizes and visualizes depending on the molecular compositions in a two-dimensional plot. The complex structural changes of the triblock copolymer thermoplastic elastomer and its nanocomposites containing nanodiamonds during thermo-oxidative degradation were elucidated using EGA-PCA-KMD to demonstrate the effectiveness of this characterization technique for polymer degradation. Furthermore, it is revealed that the formation of rigid matrix-filler interfacial interaction via the π-π stacking and chemical bonds in the nanocomposites contributes to improvement in the stability toward thermo-oxidative degradation. Our results highlight the benefits of EGA-PCA-KMD and provide valuable insights into polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Watanabe
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nakamura
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Aki Sugahara
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kishi
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hagihara
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shinzawa
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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2
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Nanocomposite Foams with Balanced Mechanical Properties and Energy Return from EVA and CNT for the Midsole of Sports Footwear Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040948. [PMID: 36850231 PMCID: PMC9968182 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer foam that provides good support with high energy return (low energy loss) is desirable for sport footwear to improve running performance. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foam is commonly used in the midsole of running shoes. However, EVA foam exhibits low mechanical properties. Conventional mineral fillers are usually employed to improve EVA's mechanical performance, but the energy return is sacrificed. Here, we produced nanocomposite foams from EVA and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using a chemical foaming process. Two kinds of CNT derived from the upcycling of commodity plastics were prepared through a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process and used as reinforcing and nucleating agents. Our results show that EVA foam incorporated with oxygenated CNT (O-CNT) demonstrated a more pronounced improvement of physical, mechanical, and dynamic impact response properties than acid-purified CNT (A-CNT). When CNT with weight percentage as low as 0.5 wt% was added to the nanocomposites, the physical properties, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, dynamic stiffness, and rebound performance of the EVA foams were improved significantly. Unlike the conventional EVA formulation filled with talc mineral fillers, the incorporation of CNT does not compromise the energy return of the EVA foam. From the long-cycle dynamic fatigue test, the CNT/EVA foam displays greater properties retention as compared to the talc/EVA foam. This work demonstrates a good balanced of mechanical-energy return properties of EVA nanocomposite foam with very low CNT content, which presents promising opportunities for lightweight-high rebound midsoles for running shoes.
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You Y, Zheng A, Wei D, Xu X, Guan Y, Chen J. A small addition of reduced graphene oxide to protect fluorosilicone rubber from thermal oxidative degradation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Anna Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Dafu Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yong Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jianding Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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López‐Martínez ED, Martínez‐Colunga JG, Ramírez‐Vargas E, Sanchez‐Valdes S, Ramos ‐de Valle LF, Benavides‐Cantu R, Rodríguez‐Gonzalez JA, Mata‐Padilla JM, Cruz‐Delgado VJ, Borjas‐Ramos JJ, Da Silva L. Influence of carbon structures on the properties and photodegradation of
LDPE
/
LLDPE
films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciano Da Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Saltillo Coahuila Mexico
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5
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Edwards ER, Botelho EC, Braga NA. Influence of MWCNT-f as a UV protective layer in polymer composites with TGDDM/DDS for space application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Zeynalov E, Huseynov A, Huseynov E, Salmanova N, Nagiyev Y, Abdurakhmanova N. Impact of As-Prepared and Purifıed Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubeson the Liquid-Phase Aerobic Oxidatıon of Hydrocarbons. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht15.04.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The article presents simple kinetic approaches to study the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) additives on the aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons and to propose real acceptable mechanisms of the process. The aerobic liquid phase low-temperature oxidation of ethylbenzene conducted in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes has been used as a model pattern. Kinetic analysis established the catalytic action associated with the presence of the iron compounds in inner channels of MWCNTs. These compounds are identified as ferric carbides provoking decomposition of the ethylbenzene hydroperoxide and thereby suppressing the competitive route of alky-peroxide radicals addition to the nanocarbon cage. Thus the reaction finally proceeds in the autocatalytic mode.Contradictory conclusions on the effect of CNTs on the oxidation chain processes existing in the literature are associated with the lack of control over nature and content of metal impurities in channels of nanotubes.
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Baiamonte M, Therias S, Gardette JL, Colletti C, Dintcheva NT. Encapsulant polymer blend films for bifacial heterojunction photovoltaic modules: Formulation, characterization and durability. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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EVA Films Loaded with Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Modified with Methacrylic Anion: Effect of the Nanohybrid Filler on the Photodegradation Phenomena. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152525. [PMID: 34372126 PMCID: PMC8348014 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-oxidative studies of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) matrix, filled with Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) modified with methacrylic anion (MA), were herein reported, together with gas permeation tests. The formulation of nano-hybrid LDHs was characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating the partial intercalation of the 30% of MA anion between the LDH’s galleries. The as-modified filler was introduced into an EVA matrix by mechanical milling, producing free-standing films subjected to accelerated aging. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results suggested that the nanohybrid presence determined a stabilizing effect up to 45 days of UV irradiation, especially if compared to the EVA/LDH references for all formulated EVA hybrid nanocomposites. Conversely, the presence of nanohybrid in the matrix did not significantly change the thermal stability of EVA samples. The dispersion of modified MA-LDH in the EVA matrix produces defect-free samples in the whole range of investigated loadings. The samples show a slight decrease in gas permeability, coupled with a substantial stabilization of the original CO2/O2 selectivity, which also proves the integrity of the films after 30 days of UV irradiation.
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9
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A Review on Graphene’s Light Stabilizing Effects for Reduced Photodegradation of Polymers. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, the newest member of the carbon’s family, has proven its efficiency in improving polymers’ resistance against photodegradation, even at low loadings equal to 1 wt% or lower. This protective role involves a multitude of complementary mechanisms associated with graphene’s unique geometry and chemistry. In this review, these mechanisms, taking place during both the initiation and propagation steps of photodegradation, are discussed concerning graphene and graphene derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In particular, graphene displays important UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and quenching capabilities thanks to the abundant π-bonds and sp2 carbon sites in its hexagonal lattice structure. The free radical scavenging effect is also partially linked with functional hydroxyl groups on the surface. However, the sp2 sites remain the predominant player, which makes graphene’s antioxidant effect potentially stronger than rGO and GO. Besides, UV screening and oxygen barriers are active protective mechanisms attributed to graphene’s high surface area and 2D geometry. Moreover, the way that graphene, as a nucleating agent, can improve the photostability of polymers, have been explored as well. These include the potential effect of graphene on increasing polymer’s glass transition temperature and crystallinity.
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Tan Y, Wachtendorf V, Kukofka T, Klack P, Ruder J, Lin X, Schartel B. Degradation of flame retardance: A comparison of ethylene‐vinyl acetate and low‐density polyethylene cables with two different metal hydroxides. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | | | - Tobias Kukofka
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | - Patrick Klack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | | | - Xuebao Lin
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
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11
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Zubkiewicz A, Szymczyk A, Paszkiewicz S, Jędrzejewski R, Piesowicz E, Siemiński J. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zubkiewicz
- Institute of PhysicsWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- Institute of PhysicsWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Roman Jędrzejewski
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
- Polish Center for Technology DevelopmentŁukasiewicz Research Network Wrocław Poland
| | - Elżbieta Piesowicz
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
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12
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Mechanical, Electrical and Rheological Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081300. [PMID: 31382510 PMCID: PMC6723935 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the rheological, mechanical and electrical properties of a Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) polymer filled with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The melt flow and pressure-volume-Temperature (pvT) behaviors of the EVA/MWCNT composites were investigated using a high-pressure capillary rheometer, while the electro-mechanical response was investigated on injection-molded samples. Rheological experiments showed that the melt shear viscosity of the EVA/MWCNT composite is dependent on nanotube loading and, at high shear rates, the viscosity showed temperature-dependent shear thinning behavior with a flow index n < 0.35. The specific volume of the EVA/MWCNT composite decreased with increasing pressure and MWCNT wt.%. The transition temperature, corresponding to the pvT crystallization, increased linearly with increasing pressure, i.e., about 20 to 30 °C when cooling under pressure. The elastic modulus, tensile strength and stress at break increased with increasing MWCNT wt.%, whereas the strain at break decreased, suggesting the formation of MWCNT secondary agglomerates. The electrical conductivity of the EVA/MWCNT composite increased with increasing MWCNT wt.% and melt temperature, reaching ~10−2 S/m for the composite containing 5 wt.% MWCNTs. Using the statistical percolation theory, the percolation threshold was estimated at 0.9 wt.% and the critical exponent at 4.95.
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13
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Palácio G, Boyer D, Therias S, Pulcinelli SH, Mahiou R, Chadeyron G, Santilli CV. Accelerated ultraviolet aging of structural and luminescent properties of the ureasil-polyether hybrid materials U-PEO:Eu3+ and U-PPO:Eu3+. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Sharma BK, Desai U, Singh A, Singh A. Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwanesh K. Sharma
- National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and EducationIIT Bombay Mumbai India
| | - Umang Desai
- National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and EducationIIT Bombay Mumbai India
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials ScienceIIT Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | | | - Aparna Singh
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials ScienceIIT Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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15
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Influence of Oxidation Level of Graphene Oxide on the Mechanical Performance and Photo-Oxidation Resistance of a Polyamide 6. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050857. [PMID: 31083410 PMCID: PMC6572711 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the relationship between the chemical-physical properties of graphene oxide (GO) and the performance of a polyamide 6 (PA6) in terms of mechanical reinforcement and resistance to UV-exposure. For this purpose, two samples of GO possessing different oxidation degrees were added (0.75 wt.%) to PA6 by way of a two-step technique and the materials achieved were carefully analysed from a morphological, chemical-physical, mechanical point of view. Photo-oxidation tests were carried out to assess the performance of this class of nanohybrids after 240 h of UV-exposure. The results reveal that both nanocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical performance and durability of PA6. However, the most oxidized GO led to a higher increase of mechanical properties and a stronger resistance to UV-exposure. All the analyses confirm that both GO samples are well dispersed and covalently attached to PA6. However, the higher the oxidation level of GO the stronger and the more extended the chemical interphase of the nanocomposite. As regards photochemical stability, both GO samples display UV-shielding capacity but the most oxidized GO also shows radical scavenging activity by virtue of its nanocavities and defects, imparted by prolonged oxidation, which endows PA6 with an outstanding durability even after 240 h of UV-exposure.
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16
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Kaci M, Dehouche N, Focke WW, Merwe EM. A degradation study of polyamide 11/vermiculite nanocomposites under accelerated UV test. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kaci
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés (LMPA)Université de Bejaia 06000 Algeria
| | - Nadjet Dehouche
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés (LMPA)Université de Bejaia 06000 Algeria
| | - Walter W. Focke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied MaterialsUniversity of Pretoria South Africa
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17
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Guadagno L, Naddeo C, Raimondo M, Speranza V, Pantani R, Acquesta A, Carangelo A, Monetta T. UV Irradiated Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Change in the Mechanical Properties by Local HarmoniX Atomic Force Microscopy Detection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E962. [PMID: 30909458 PMCID: PMC6470810 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy based coatings are susceptible to ultra violet (UV) damage and their durability can be significantly reduced in outdoor environments. This paper highlights a relevant property of graphene-based nanoparticles: Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) incorporated in an epoxy-based free-standing film determine a strong decrease of the mechanical damages caused by UV irradiation. The effects of UV light on the morphology and mechanical properties of the solidified nanocharged epoxy films are investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), in the acquisition mode "HarmoniX." Nanometric-resolved maps of the mechanical properties of the multi-phase material evidence that the incorporation of low percentages, between 0.1% and 1.0% by weight, of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the polymeric film causes a relevant enhancement in the mechanical stability of the irradiated films. The beneficial effect progressively increases with increasing GNP percentage. The paper also highlights the potentiality of AFM microscopy, in the acquisition mode "HarmoniX" for studying multiphase polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Carlo Naddeo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Marialuigia Raimondo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Vito Speranza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Acquesta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Carangelo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Tullio Monetta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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18
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Melt-processing of bionanocomposites based on ethylene-co-vinyl acetate and starch nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:382-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Xie F, Zhang T, Bryant P, Kurusingal V, Colwell JM, Laycock B. Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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21
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Shehzad F, Ahmad MI, Al-Harthi MA. Photooxidative degradation of graphene-reinforced high-density polyethylene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Shehzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - M. I. Ahmad
- Chemical Skills Department; Jubail Technical Institute; Al-Jubail 31961 Eastern Province Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Al-Harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT); King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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23
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Arrigo R, Teresi R, Gambarotti C, Parisi F, Lazzara G, Dintcheva NT. Sonication-Induced Modification of Carbon Nanotubes: Effect on the Rheological and Thermo-Oxidative Behaviour of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11030383. [PMID: 29510595 PMCID: PMC5872962 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the investigation of the effect of ultrasound treatment on the structural characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the consequent influence that the shortening induced by sonication exerts on the morphology, rheological behaviour and thermo-oxidative resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-based nanocomposites. First, CNTs have been subjected to sonication for different time intervals and the performed spectroscopic and morphological analyses reveal that a dramatic decrease of the CNT’s original length occurs with increased sonication time. The reduction of the initial length of CNTs strongly affects the nanocomposite rheological behaviour, which progressively changes from solid-like to liquid-like as the CNT sonication time increases. The study of the thermo-oxidative behaviour of the investigated nanocomposites reveals that the CNT sonication has a detrimental effect on the thermo-oxidative stability of nanocomposites, especially for long exposure times. The worsening of the thermo-oxidative resistance of sonicated CNT-containing nanocomposites could be attributed to the lower thermal conductivity of low-aspect-ratio CNTs, which causes the increase of the local temperature at the polymer/nanofillers interphase, with the consequent acceleration of the degradative phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Teresi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cristian Gambarotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Filippo Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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24
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A model for tensile strength of polymer/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites assuming the percolation of interphase regions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Topolniak I, Chapel A, Gaume J, Bussiere PO, Chadeyron G, Gardette JL, Therias S. Applications of polymer nanocomposites as encapsulants for solar cells and LEDs: Impact of photodegradation on barrier and optical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Levet A, Colombani J, Duponchel L. Studying radiolytic ageing of nuclear power plant electric cables with FTIR spectroscopy. Talanta 2017; 172:139-146. [PMID: 28602286 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the willingness to extend the nuclear power plants length of life, it is of prime importance to understand long term ageing effect on all constitutive materials. For this purpose gamma-irradiation effects on insulation of instrumentation and control cables are studied. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and principal components analysis (PCA) were used to highlight molecular modifications induced by gamma-irradiation under oxidizing conditions. In order to be closer to real world conditions, a low dose rate of 11Gyh-1 was used to irradiate insulations in full cable or alone with a dose up to 58 kGy. Spectral differences according to irradiation dose were extracted using PCA. It was then possible to observe different behaviors of the insulation constitutive compounds i.e. ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and aluminium trihydrate (ATH). Irradiation of insulations led to the oxidation of their constitutive polymers and a modification of filler-polymer ratio. Moreover all these modifications were observed for insulations alone or in full cable indicating that oxygen easily diffuses into the material. Spectral contributions were discussed considering different degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levet
- IRSN/PSN-RES, Cadarache, St Paul lez Durance 13115, France; LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - J Colombani
- IRSN/PSN-RES, Cadarache, St Paul lez Durance 13115, France
| | - L Duponchel
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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27
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Nano-Charged Polypropylene Application: Realistic Perspectives for Enhancing Durability. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080943. [PMID: 28805728 PMCID: PMC5578309 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isotactic polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (iPP/MWCNTs) films have been exposed to accelerated weathering in a UV device for increasing times. The effect of UV irradiation on the structural and chemical changes has been investigated. The resistance to accelerated photooxidation of (iPP/MWCNTs) films has been compared to the photooxidation behaviour of unfilled polypropylene films with the same structural organization. The chemical and structural modifications resulting from photooxidation have been followed using infrared spectroscopy, calorimetric and diffractometric analysis. MWCNTs embedded in the polymeric matrix are able to strongly contrast the degradation mechanisms and the structural and morphological rearrangements caused by the UV treatment on the unfilled polymer. MWCNTs determine an induction period (IP) before the increase of the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The extent of the IP is strictly correlated to the amount of MWCNTs. The low electrical percolation threshold (EPT) and the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, together with their excellent thermal and photooxidative stability, make them promising candidates to fulfill many industrial requirements.
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28
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Nakatani H, Hirooka M, Yamaguchi K, Motokucho S, Okazaki N. A relationship between electrical conductivity and photodegradation in styrene-butadiene copolymer/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Chapel A, Boonsin R, Chadeyron G, Boyer D, Bousquet A, Mahiou R, Henrique Cassinelli W, Santilli CV, Therias S. Preparation and characterization of a red luminescent composite composed of an EVA copolymer and a Y3BO6:Eu3+ phosphor. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of red luminescent composites based on an ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer filled with a Y3BO6:Eu3+ phosphor powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chapel
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Rachod Boonsin
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Geneviève Chadeyron
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Damien Boyer
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Angélique Bousquet
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | - Rachid Mahiou
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
| | | | | | - Sandrine Therias
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand
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30
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Ghobashy MM, Khozemey E. Sulfonated gamma-irradiated blend poly(styrene/ethylene-vinyl acetate) membrane and their electrical properties. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Department; National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Ehab Khozemey
- Radiation Research of Polymer Department; National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT); Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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31
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32
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La Mantia F, Biondo M, Ceraulo M, Mistretta M. In-line monitoring of the photooxidation behaviour of a PP/clay nanocomposite through creep measurements. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Dintcheva N, Arrigo R, Carroccio S, Curcuruto G, Guenzi M, Gambarotti C, Filippone G. Multi-functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-functionalized carbon nanotubes for photo-oxidative stable Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene-based nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Frasca D, Schulze D, Wachtendorf V, Morys M, Schartel B. Multilayer graphene/chlorine-isobutene-isoprene rubber nanocomposites: the effect of dispersion. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Frasca
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Dietmar Schulze
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Volker Wachtendorf
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Morys
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
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35
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Frasca D, Schulze D, Wachtendorf V, Huth C, Schartel B. Multifunctional multilayer graphene/elastomer nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Improvement of the photo-stability of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene through carbon nanotubes. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Dintcheva NT, Arrigo R, Gambarotti C, Carroccio S, Coiai S, Filippone G. Advanced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/antioxidant-functionalized carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with improved thermo-oxidative resistance. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo; Viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Cristian Gambarotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano; 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sabrina Carroccio
- Istituto per i Polimeri; Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Serena Coiai
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giovanni Filippone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica; dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II; 80125 Napoli Italy
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38
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Duncan TV. Release of engineered nanomaterials from polymer nanocomposites: the effect of matrix degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20-39. [PMID: 25397693 DOI: 10.1021/am5062757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites-polymer-based materials that incorporate filler elements possessing at least one dimension in the nanometer range-are increasingly being developed for commercial applications ranging from building infrastructure to food packaging to biomedical devices and implants. Despite a wide range of intended applications, it is also important to understand the potential for exposure to these nanofillers, which could be released during routine use or abuse of these materials so that it can be determined whether they pose a risk to human health or the environment. This article is the second of a pair that review what is known about the release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from polymer nanocomposites. Two roughly separate ENM release paradigms are considered in this series: the release of ENMs via passive diffusion, desorption, and dissolution into external liquid media and the release of ENMs assisted by matrix degradation. The present article is focused primarily on the second paradigm and includes a thorough, critical review of the associated body of peer-reviewed literature on ENM release by matrix degradation mechanisms, including photodegradation, thermal decomposition, mechanical wear, and hydrolysis. These release mechanisms may be especially relevant to nanocomposites that are likely to be subjected to weathering, including construction and infrastructural materials, sporting equipment, and materials that might potentially end up in landfills. This review pays particular attention to studies that shed light on specific release mechanisms and synergistic mechanistic relationships. The review concludes with a short section on knowledge gaps and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration , 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
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39
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Jing Z, Liu L, Zhang S, Zhao J, Feng Y. The preparation and analysis of chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as coating film in gas-solid phase. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Shukai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Jiruo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
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40
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Rattanawongwiboon T, Pasanphan W. Light stabilizer–conjugated–stearylate chitosan nanoparticles: A bio-based additive for free radical stabilization of healthcare plastics under irradiation. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Hamadate M, Sato R, Miyazaki K, Okazaki N, Nakatani H. Effect of polymer chain scission on photodegradation behavior of polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hamadate
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry; Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho; Kitami Hokkaido 090-8507 Japan
| | - Ryousaku Sato
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry; Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho; Kitami Hokkaido 090-8507 Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyazaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry; Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho; Kitami Hokkaido 090-8507 Japan
| | - Noriyasu Okazaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry; Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho; Kitami Hokkaido 090-8507 Japan
| | - Hisayuki Nakatani
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry; Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho; Kitami Hokkaido 090-8507 Japan
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42
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Evidence of surface accumulation of fillers during the photo-oxidation of flame retardant ATH filled EVA used for cable applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Bussière PO, Peyroux J, Chadeyron G, Therias S. Influence of functional nanoparticles on the photostability of polymer materials: Recent progress and further applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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UV-stabilisation of polystyrene-based nanocomposites provided by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Guadagno L, Raimondo M, Naddeo C, Di Bartolomeo A, Lafdi K. Influence of multiwall carbon nanotubes on morphological and structural changes during UV irradiation of syndiotactic polypropylene films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Wu X, Wang L, Wu C, Wang G, Jiang P. Flammability of EVA/IFR (APP/PER/ZB system) and EVA/IFR/synergist (CaCO3, NG, and EG) composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Liu Z, Chen S, Zhang J. Effect of UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers on the photodegradation of ethylene-octene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Abrusci C, Pablos JL, Marín I, Espí E, Corrales T, Catalina F. Photodegradation and biodegradation by bacteria of mulching films based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: Effect of pro-oxidant additives. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Scaffaro R, Botta L, Gallo G. Photo-oxidative degradation of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/nisin antimicrobial films. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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50
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Lonkar SP, Kushwaha OS, Leuteritz A, Heinrich G, Singh RP. Self photostabilizing UV-durable MWCNT/polymer nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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