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Marcello E, Nigmatullin R, Basnett P, Maqbool M, Prieto MA, Knowles JC, Boccaccini AR, Roy I. 3D Melt-Extrusion Printing of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Application as Antibiotic-Free Antibacterial Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:5136-5153. [PMID: 39058405 PMCID: PMC11322914 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated, for the first time, the possibility of developing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering through three-dimensional (3D) melt-extrusion printing of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) (i.e., poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-hydroxydecanoate-co-hydroxydodecanoate), P(3HO-co-3HD-co-3HDD)). The process parameters were successfully optimized to produce well-defined and reproducible 3D P(3HO-co-3HD-co-3HDD) scaffolds, showing high cell viability (100%) toward both undifferentiated and differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells. To introduce antibacterial features in the developed scaffolds, two strategies were investigated. For the first strategy, P(3HO-co-3HD-co-3HDD) was combined with PHAs containing thioester groups in their side chains (i.e., PHACOS), inherently antibacterial PHAs. The 3D blend scaffolds were able to induce a 70% reduction of Staphylococcus aureus 6538P cells by direct contact testing, confirming their antibacterial properties. Additionally, the scaffolds were able to support the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells, showing the potential for bone regeneration. For the second strategy, composite materials were produced by the combination of P(3HO-co-3HD-co-HDD) with a novel antibacterial hydroxyapatite doped with selenium and strontium ions (Se-Sr-HA). The composite material with 10 wt % Se-Sr-HA as a filler showed high antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (S. aureus 6538P) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 8739), through a dual mechanism: by direct contact (inducing 80% reduction of both bacterial strains) and through the release of active ions (leading to a 54% bacterial cell count reduction for S. aureus 6538P and 30% for E. coli 8739 after 24 h). Moreover, the composite scaffolds showed high viability of MC3T3-E1 cells through both indirect and direct testing, showing promising results for their application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marcello
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
| | - Rinat Nigmatullin
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
| | - Pooja Basnett
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
| | - Muhammad Maqbool
- Institute
of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Lucideon
Ltd., Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7LQ, Staffordshire U.K.
- CAM
Bioceramics B.V., Zernikedreef
6, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Polymer
Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Margarita
Salas, Spanish National Research Council
(CIB-CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division
of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London NW3 2PF, U.K.
- Department
of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM, Global Research Center
for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute
of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K.
- Insigneo
Institute for In Silico Medicine, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, U.K.
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2
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Rydz J, Duale K, Sikorska W, Musioł M, Janeczek H, Marcinkowski A, Siwy M, Adamus G, Mielczarek P, Silberring J, Juszczyk J, Piętka E, Radecka I, Gupta A, Kowalczuk M. Oligopeptide-based molecular labelling of (bio)degradable polyester biomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131561. [PMID: 38621562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, a very important motivation for the development of new functional materials for medical purposes is not only their performance but also whether they are environmentally friendly. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the possibility of labelling (bio)degradable polymers, in particular those intended for specific applications, especially in the medical sector, and the potential of information storage in such polymers, making it possible, for example, to track the ultimate environmental fate of plastics. This article presents a straightforward green approach that combines both aspects using an oligopeptide, which is an integral part of polymer material, to store binary information in a physical mixture of polymer and oligopeptide. In the proposed procedure the year of production of polymer films made of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and a blend of poly(1,4-butylene adipate-co-1,4-butylene terephthalate) and polylactide (PBAT/PLA) were encoded as the sequence of the appropriate amino acids in the oligopeptide (PEP) added to these polymers. The decoding of the recorded information was carried out using mass spectrometry technique as a new method of decoding, which enabled the successful retrieval and reading of the stored information. Furthermore, the properties of labelled (bio)degradable polymer films and stability during biodegradation of PLLA/PEP film under industrial composting conditions have been investigated. The labelled films exhibited good oligopeptide stability, allowing the recorded information to be retrieved from a green polymer/oligopeptide system before and after biodegradation. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay) study of the PLLA and PLLA/PBAT using the MRC-5 mammalian fibroblasts was presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, OH, United States.
| | - Khadar Duale
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinkowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grażyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mielczarek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Juszczyk
- Department of Medical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Piętka
- Department of Medical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iza Radecka
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna St., Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, City Campus, Wulfruna St., Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna St., Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
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3
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Mondragón-Herrera LI, Vargas-Coronado RF, Carrillo-Escalante H, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Hernández-Sánchez F, Velasco-Santos C, Avilés F. Mechanical, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties of Filaments of Poly (Lactic Acid), Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Blend for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1062. [PMID: 38674981 PMCID: PMC11053644 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric blends are employed in the production of filaments for additive manufacturing to balance mechanical and processability properties. The mechanical and thermal properties of polymeric filaments made of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and its blend (PLA-PHA) are investigated herein and correlated to their measured structural and physicochemical properties. PLA exhibits the highest stiffness and tensile strength, but lower toughness. The mechanical properties of the PLA-PHA blend were similar to those of PLA, but with a significantly higher toughness. Despite the lower mechanical properties of neat PHA, incorporating a small amount (12 wt.%) of PHA into PLA significantly enhances toughness (approximately 50%) compared to pure PLA. The synergistic effect is attributed to the spherulitic morphology of blended PHA in PLA, promoting interactions between the amorphous regions of both polymers. Thermal stability is notably improved in the PLA-PHA blend, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The blend also exhibits lower cold crystallization and glass transition temperatures as compared to PLA, which is beneficial for additive manufacturing. Following additive manufacturing, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic showed that the three filaments present an increase in C-C and C=O bonds associated with the loss of C-O bonds. The thermal process induces a slight increase in crystallinity in PHA due to chain reorganization. The study provides insights into the thermal and structural changes occurring during the melting process of additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Itzkuautli Mondragón-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Materials Department, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (L.I.M.-H.); (R.F.V.-C.); (F.H.-S.)
| | - R. F. Vargas-Coronado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Materials Department, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (L.I.M.-H.); (R.F.V.-C.); (F.H.-S.)
| | - H. Carrillo-Escalante
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Materials Department, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (L.I.M.-H.); (R.F.V.-C.); (F.H.-S.)
| | - J. V. Cauich-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Materials Department, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (L.I.M.-H.); (R.F.V.-C.); (F.H.-S.)
| | - F. Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Materials Department, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (L.I.M.-H.); (R.F.V.-C.); (F.H.-S.)
| | - C. Velasco-Santos
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Querétaro, Av. Tecnológico s/n, esq. Gral. Mariano Escobedo, Col. Centro Histórico, Santiago de Querétaro 76000, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - F. Avilés
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Materials Department, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (L.I.M.-H.); (R.F.V.-C.); (F.H.-S.)
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4
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Anwajler B, Witek-Krowiak A. Three-Dimensional Printing of Multifunctional Composites: Fabrication, Applications, and Biodegradability Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7531. [PMID: 38138674 PMCID: PMC10744785 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, with its wide range of printable materials, and ability to minimize material usage, reduce labor costs, and minimize waste, has sparked a growing enthusiasm among researchers for the production of advanced multifunctional composites. This review evaluates recent reports on polymer composites used in 3D printing, and their printing techniques, with special emphasis on composites containing different types of additives (inorganic and biomass-derived) that support the structure of the prints. Possible applications for additive 3D printing have also been identified. The biodegradation potential of polymeric biocomposites was analyzed and possible pathways for testing in different environments (aqueous, soil, and compost) were identified, including different methods for evaluating the degree of degradation of samples. Guidelines for future research to ensure environmental safety were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Anwajler
- Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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5
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Shishatskaya EI, Demidenko AV, Sukovatyi AG, Dudaev AE, Mylnikov AV, Kisterskij KA, Volova TG. Three-Dimensional Printing of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] Biodegradable Scaffolds: Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12969. [PMID: 37629152 PMCID: PMC10455171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of constructing 3D scaffolds from degradable poly(3-hydrosbutyrpate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) using FDM technology and studying the structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility in vitro, and osteoplastic properties in vivo are presented. In the process of obtaining granules, filaments, and scaffolds from the initial polymer material, a slight change in the crystallization and glass transition temperature and a noticeable decrease in molecular weight (by 40%) were registered. During the compression test, depending on the direction of load application (parallel or perpendicular to the layers of the scaffold), the 3D scaffolds had a Young's modulus of 207.52 ± 19.12 and 241.34 ± 7.62 MPa and compressive stress tensile strength of 19.45 ± 2.10 and 22.43 ± 1.89 MPa, respectively. SEM, fluorescent staining with DAPI, and calorimetric MTT tests showed the high biological compatibility of scaffolds and active colonization by NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, which retained their metabolic activity for a long time (up to 10 days). The osteoplastic properties of the 3D scaffolds were studied in the segmental osteotomy test on a model defect in the diaphyseal zone of the femur in domestic Landrace pigs. X-ray and histological analysis confirmed the formation of fully mature bone tissue and complete restoration of the defect in 150 days of observation. The results allow us to conclude that the constructed resorbable 3D scaffolds are promising for bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksey V. Demidenko
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksey G. Sukovatyi
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Alexey E. Dudaev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksey V. Mylnikov
- Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicine”, Lomonosov Street, 47, 660058 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Kisterskij
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana G. Volova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/50, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.I.S.); (A.V.D.); (A.G.S.); (A.E.D.)
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi Av. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
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Vach Agocsova S, Culenova M, Birova I, Omanikova L, Moncmanova B, Danisovic L, Ziaran S, Bakos D, Alexy P. Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4267. [PMID: 37374451 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a thorough overview of the available resorbable biomaterials appropriate for producing replacements for damaged tissues. In addition, their various properties and application possibilities are discussed as well. Biomaterials are fundamental components in tissue engineering (TE) of scaffolds and play a critical role. They need to exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, to ensure their ability to function effectively with an appropriate host response. With ongoing research and advancements in biomaterials for medical implants, the objective of this review is to explore recently developed implantable scaffold materials for various tissues. The categorization of biomaterials in this paper includes fossil-based materials (e.g., PCL, PVA, PU, PEG, and PPF), natural or bio-based materials (e.g., HA, PLA, PHB, PHBV, chitosan, fibrin, collagen, starch, and hydrogels), and hybrid biomaterials (e.g., PCL/PLA, PCL/PEG, PLA/PEG, PLA/PHB PCL/collagen, PCL/chitosan, PCL/starch, and PLA/bioceramics). The application of these biomaterials in both hard and soft TE is considered, with a particular focus on their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Furthermore, the interactions between scaffolds and the host immune system in the context of scaffold-driven tissue regeneration are discussed. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the concept of in situ TE, which leverages the self-renewal capacities of affected tissues and highlights the crucial role played by biopolymer-based scaffolds in this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vach Agocsova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ivana Birova
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Barbora Moncmanova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Ziaran
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Bakos
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
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Caputo MR, Fernández M, Aguirresarobe R, Kovalcik A, Sardon H, Candal MV, Müller AJ. Influence of FFF Process Conditions on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxy Hexanoate). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081817. [PMID: 37111965 PMCID: PMC10143864 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are natural polyesters synthesized by microorganisms and bacteria. Due to their properties, they have been proposed as substitutes for petroleum derivatives. This work studies how the printing conditions employed in fuse filament fabrication (FFF) affect the properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxy hexanoate) or PHBH. Firstly, rheological results predicted the printability of PHBH, which was successfully realized. Unlike what usually happens in FFF manufacturing or several semi-crystalline polymers, it was observed that the crystallization of PHBH occurs isothermally after deposition on the bed and not during the non-isothermal cooling stage, according to calorimetric measurements. A computational simulation of the temperature profile during the printing process was conducted to confirm this behavior, and the results support this hypothesis. Through the analysis of mechanical properties, it was shown that the nozzle and bed temperature increase improved the mechanical properties, reducing the void formation and improving interlayer adhesion, as shown by SEM. Intermediate printing velocities produced the best mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Caputo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Robert Aguirresarobe
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adriana Kovalcik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Virginia Candal
- School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Cecen B. FDM-based 3D printing of PLA/PHA composite polymers. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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9
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Gregory DA, Fricker ATR, Mitrev P, Ray M, Asare E, Sim D, Larpnimitchai S, Zhang Z, Ma J, Tetali SSV, Roy I. Additive Manufacturing of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Blends Using Fused Deposition Modelling for the Development of Biomedical Devices. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010040. [PMID: 36662087 PMCID: PMC9865795 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades Additive Manufacturing has advanced and is becoming important for biomedical applications. In this study we look at a variety of biomedical devices including, bone implants, tooth implants, osteochondral tissue repair patches, general tissue repair patches, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) and coronary artery stents to which fused deposition modelling (FDM) can be applied. We have proposed CAD designs for these devices and employed a cost-effective 3D printer to fabricate proof-of-concept prototypes. We highlight issues with current CAD design and slicing and suggest optimisations of more complex designs targeted towards biomedical applications. We demonstrate the ability to print patient specific implants from real CT scans and reconstruct missing structures by means of mirroring and mesh mixing. A blend of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of biocompatible and bioresorbable natural polymers and Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), a known bioresorbable medical polymer is used. Our characterisation of the PLA/PHA filament suggest that its tensile properties might be useful to applications such as stents, NGCs, and bone scaffolds. In addition to this, the proof-of-concept work for other applications shows that FDM is very useful for a large variety of other soft tissue applications, however other more elastomeric MCL-PHAs need to be used.
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10
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Novel Production Methods of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Innovative Uses in Biomedicine and Industry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238351. [PMID: 36500442 PMCID: PMC9740486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biodegradable polymer obtained from microorganisms and plants, have been widely used in biomedical applications and devices, such as sutures, cardiac valves, bone scaffold, and drug delivery of compounds with pharmaceutical interests, as well as in food packaging. This review focuses on the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates beyond the most common uses, aiming to inform about the potential uses of the biopolymer as a biosensor, cosmetics, drug delivery, flame retardancy, and electrospinning, among other interesting uses. The novel applications are based on the production and composition of the polymer, which can be modified by genetic engineering, a semi-synthetic approach, by changing feeding carbon sources and/or supplement addition, among others. The future of PHA is promising, and despite its production costs being higher than petroleum-based plastics, tools given by synthetic biology, bioinformatics, and machine learning, among others, have allowed for great production yields, monomer and polymer functionalization, stability, and versatility, a key feature to increase the uses of this interesting family of polymers.
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11
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Evaluation of the Properties of PHB Composite Filled with Kaolin Particles for 3D Printing Applications Using the Design of Experiment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214409. [PMID: 36430886 PMCID: PMC9698972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presented work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB-based composites for 3D printing as bio-sourced and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic plastics are characterized. The PHB matrix was modified by polylactide (PLA) and plasticized by tributyl citrate. Kaolin particles were used as a filler. The mathematical method "Design of Experiment" (DoE) was used to create a matrix of samples for further evaluation. Firstly, the optimal printing temperature of the first and upper layers was determined. Secondly, the 3D printed samples were tested with regards to the warping during the 3D printing. Testing specimens were prepared using the determined optimal printing conditions to measure the tensile properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the samples. The results describe the effect of adding individual components (PHB, PLA, plasticizer, and filler) in the prepared composite sample on the resulting material properties. Two composite samples were prepared based on the theoretical results of DoE (one with the maximum printability and one with the maximum HDT) to compare them with the real data measured. The tests of these two composite samples showed 25% lower warping and 8.9% higher HDT than was expected by the theory.
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12
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Ding Z, Kumar V, Sar T, Harirchi S, Dregulo AM, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Binod P, Liu X, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Agro waste as a potential carbon feedstock for poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates production: Commercialization potential and technical hurdles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128058. [PMID: 36191751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enormous production and widespread applications of non -biodegradable plastics lead to their accumulation and toxicity to animals and humans. The issue can be addressed by the development of eco-friendly strategies for the production of biopolymers by utilization of waste residues like agro residues. This will address two societal issues - waste management and the development of an eco-friendly biopolymer, poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates (PHAs). Strategies adopted for utilization of agro-residues, challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail in this comprehensive review. The possibility of PHA properties improvements can be increased by preparation of blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Ding
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
- Institute for Regional Economy Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IRES RAS), 38 Serpukhovskaya str, 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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13
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Gürler N, Torğut G. Dielectric Biodegradable Biopolymer‐Based Graphene Nanocomposites for Use in the Packaging Industry and Capacitor Application. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Gürler
- Department of Food Process Tunceli Vocational School Munzur University Tunceli 62000 Turkey
| | - Gülben Torğut
- Department of Hotel Restaurant and Catering Services Tunceli Vocational School Munzur University Tunceli 62000 Turkey
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14
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Morphology and crystallization behaviour of polyhydroxyalkanoates-based blends and composites: A review. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Nematic-to-Isotropic Phase Transition in Poly(L-Lactide) with Addition of Cyclodextrin during Abiotic Degradation Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147693. [PMID: 35887040 PMCID: PMC9319020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide) is capable of self-assembly into a nematic mesophase under the influence of temperature and mechanical stresses. Therefore, subsequent poly(L-lactide) films were obtained and characterized, showing nematic liquid crystal properties both before and after degradation. Herein, we present that, by introducing β-cyclodextrin into the polymer matrix, it is possible to obtain a chiral nematic mesophase during pressing, regardless of temperature and time. The obtained poly(L-lactide) films exhibiting liquid crystal properties were subjected to degradation tests and the influence of degradation on these properties was determined. Thermotropic phase behavior was investigated using polarized optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The degradation process demonstrated an influence on the liquid crystal properties of pressed polymer films. The colored planar texture of the chiral nematic mesophase, which was not observed prior to degradation in films without the addition of β-cyclodextrin, appeared after incubation in water as a result of the entrapment of degradation products in the polymer matrix. These unusual tailor-made properties, obtained in liquid crystals in (bio)degradable polymers using a simple method, demonstrate the potential for advanced photonic applications.
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16
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Characterization of Optimized Ternary PLA/PHB/Organoclay Composites Processed through Fused Filament Fabrication and Injection Molding. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093398. [PMID: 35591733 PMCID: PMC9104074 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the structure-properties relationship of ternary blends of polylactide/polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA/PHB)/organo-modified layered silicate (OMLS). Morphological, thermal, rheological, and mechanical characterizations were performed to understand the influence of OMLS on PLA/PHB (70/30 wt%) formulations optimized through modifications with an epoxy-based chain extender, the use of a plasticizer, as well as the influence of the type of processing route: injection molding or fused filament fabrication. The addition of OMLS allowed the blend compatibility to be improved, with the appearance of a single melting peak on DSC thermograms at 146 °C, as well as the reduction in the size of the nodules for the injected molded specimens. Concerning the printed samples, AFM analysis revealed a coalescence of the PHB minor phase due to its degradation. This phenomenon was dramatically enhanced in the presence of OMLS and has been ascribed to the degradation of both the organo-modifier and the PHB minor phase in the blend. Rheological and mechanical tests (17% decrease in Young's modulus and 13% decrease in elongation at break) confirmed this degradation that would have occurred during the manufacturing of the filaments and the printing of specimens due to additional thermal and cooling steps.
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17
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Grivet-Brancot A, Boffito M, Ciardelli G. Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200039. [PMID: 35488769 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing techniques experienced a growing interest in several sectors, including the biomedical one. Their main advantage resides in the possibility to obtain complex and personalized structures in a cost-effective way impossible to achieve with traditional production methods. This is especially true for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the most diffused 3D printing methods. The easy customization of the final products' geometry, composition and physico-chemical properties is particularly interesting for the increasingly personalized approach adopted in modern medicine. Thermoplastic polymers are the preferred choice for FDM applications, and a wide selection of biocompatible and biodegradable materials is available to this aim. Moreover, these polymers can also be easily modified before and after printing to better suit the body environment and the mechanical properties of biological tissues. This review focuses on the use of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters for FDM applications in the biomedical field. In detail, the use of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, thermo-plastic poly(ester urethane)s and their blends has been thoroughly surveyed, with particular attention to their main features, applicability and workability. The state-of-the-art is presented and current challenges in integrating the additive manufacturing technology in the medical practice are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Grivet-Brancot
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Università di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
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18
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Uribe-Echeverría T, Beiras R. Acute toxicity of bioplastic leachates to Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin larvae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105605. [PMID: 35316651 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to ensure that bioplastics, progressively replacing petrochemical-derived plastics, do not release any harmful compound to the environment, the study assessed the toxic effects of three innovative bioplastic products: polyhydroxybutyrate resin (PHB), polylactic acid cups (PLA) and a polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoate 3D printing filament (PLA/PHA), together with a synthetic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) toy in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin larvae. PVC toy was the most toxic material, likely due to the added plasticizers; remarkably, even if PHB is conceived as a nontoxic polymer, it showed a slight toxicity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry analysis (GC-MS) revealed the presence of a wide range of additives. Conversely, PLA cups and PLA/PHA filament were innocuous for the larvae, a positive outcome for these renewable solutions. Proven that additives are also used in some bioplastic formulations, they should be carefully addressed to ensure that they are as safe as regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Uribe-Echeverría
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Institute of Environment and Marine Science Research (IMEDMAR), Universidad Católica de Valencia SVM, Avda. del Puerto s/n, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
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19
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Sousa AM, Amaro AM, Piedade AP. 3D Printing of Polymeric Bioresorbable Stents: A Strategy to Improve Both Cellular Compatibility and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1099. [PMID: 35335430 PMCID: PMC8954590 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death is cardiovascular disease, and the most common cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention and vascular stents have emerged as a solution to treat coronary artery disease. Nowadays, several types of vascular stents share the same purpose: to reduce the percentage of restenosis, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia and supply mechanical support to the blood vessels. Despite the numerous efforts to create an ideal stent, there is no coronary stent that simultaneously presents the appropriate cellular compatibility and mechanical properties to avoid stent collapse and failure. One of the emerging approaches to solve these problems is improving the mechanical performance of polymeric bioresorbable stents produced through additive manufacturing. Although there have been numerous studies in this field, normalized control parameters for 3D-printed polymeric vascular stents fabrication are absent. The present paper aims to present an overview of the current types of stents and the main polymeric materials used to fabricate the bioresorbable vascular stents. Furthermore, a detailed description of the printing parameters' influence on the mechanical performance and degradation profile of polymeric bioresorbable stents is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana P. Piedade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.M.S.); (A.M.A.)
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20
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Menezes O, Roberts T, Motta G, Patrenos MH, McCurdy W, Alotaibi A, Vanderpool M, Vaseghi M, Beheshti A, Davami K. Performance of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid (PLA) in Prolonged Marine Environments. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Mustafa MS, Muneer MA, Zafar MQ, Arif M, Hussain G, Siddiqui FA. Process parameter optimization for Fused Filament Fabrication additive manufacturing of PLA/PHA biodegradable polymer blend. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2021-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a widely embraced material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) process to produce complex three-dimensional structures, and it is typically used in the fabrication of biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. However, FFF as a fabrication process for blended polymeric materials needs to be optimized for enhanced mechanical properties. In this work, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)/polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) dog-bone and notched specimens are printed to determine optimum printing parameters for superior mechanical properties in FFF additive manufacturing. The effect of layer thickness, infill density, and printing bed temperature on mechanical properties is investigated by employing a design of experiments (DoE) approach using response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental results showed the significance of the opted parameters for mechanical properties of the PLA/PHA blend. Then, optimum values for layer thickness, infill density, and printing bed temperature are identified for tensile and impact strength and an empirical relationship between parameters is formulated for low density and cost-effective fabrication. Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to check the adequacy of the model for the influence of process parameters and their mutual interactions. The verification experiments validated the adequacy of the proposed model for PLA/PHA blend in FFF additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Mustafa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus , Sahiwal 57000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Muneer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus , Sahiwal 57000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Zafar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus , Sahiwal 57000 , Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology , Topi 23640 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , NFC Institute of Engineering & Fertilizer Research , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology , Topi 23640 , Pakistan
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22
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Li J, Zhang X, Udduttula A, Fan ZS, Chen JH, Sun AR, Zhang P. Microbial-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Biosynthesis, Properties, and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:763031. [PMID: 34993185 PMCID: PMC8724543 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.763031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of structurally diverse natural biopolyesters, synthesized by various microbes under unbalanced culture conditions. PHAs as biomedical materials have been fabricated in various forms to apply to tissue engineering for the past years due to their excellent biodegradability, inherent biocompatibility, modifiable mechanical properties, and thermo-processability. However, there remain some bottlenecks in terms of PHA production on a large scale, the purification process, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of PHA, which need to be further resolved. Therefore, scientists are making great efforts via synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools to improve the properties and the product yields of PHA at a lower cost for the development of various PHA-based scaffold fabrication technologies to widen biomedical applications, especially in bone tissue engineering. This review aims to outline the biosynthesis, structures, properties, and the bone tissue engineering applications of PHA scaffolds with different manufacturing technologies. The latest advances will provide an insight into future outlooks in PHA-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Shan Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Hai Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Kumar V, Sehgal R, Gupta R. Blends and composites of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and their applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Obtaining Active Polylactide (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Blends Based Bionanocomposites Modified with Graphene Oxide and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO 2)-Assisted Cinnamaldehyde: Effect on Thermal-Mechanical, Disintegration and Mass Transport Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223968. [PMID: 34833267 PMCID: PMC8621613 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionanocomposites based on Polylactide (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) blends were successfully obtained through a combined extrusion and impregnation process using supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Graphene oxide (GO) and cinnamaldehyde (Ci) were incorporated into the blends as nano-reinforcement and an active compound, respectively, separately, and simultaneously. From the results, cinnamaldehyde quantification values varied between 5.7% and 6.1% (w/w). When GO and Ci were incorporated, elongation percentage increased up to 16%, and, therefore, the mechanical properties were improved, with respect to neat PLA. The results indicated that the Ci diffusion through the blends and bionanocomposites was influenced by the nano-reinforcing incorporation. The disintegration capacity of the developed materials decreased with the incorporation of GO and PHB, up to 14 and 23 days of testing, respectively, without compromising the biodegradability characteristics of the final material.
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25
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Omigbodun FT, Engstrom DS, Mele E. WITHDRAWN: Improving Mechanical strength of bone-implant with primitive and gyroid lattice of PLA/cHAP and rGO composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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27
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A Review on Filament Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp5030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) processes that utilize thermoplastic polymers to produce three-dimensional (3D) geometry products. The FFF filament materials have a significant role in determining the properties of the final part produced, such as mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. This article intensively reviews the state-of-the-art materials for FFF filaments. To date, there are many different types of FFF filament materials that have been developed. The filament materials range from pure thermoplastics to composites, bioplastics, and composites of bioplastics. Different types of reinforcements such as particles, fibers, and nanoparticles are incorporated into the composite filaments to improve the FFF build part properties. The performance, limitations, and opportunities of a specific type of FFF filament will be discussed. Additionally, the challenges and requirements for filament production from different materials will be evaluated. In addition, to provide a concise review of fundamental knowledge about the FFF filament, this article will also highlight potential research directions to stimulate future filament development. Finally, the importance and scopes of using bioplastics and their composites for developing eco-friendly filaments will be introduced.
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Abstract
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are linear semicrystalline polyesters produced naturally by a wide range of microorganisms for carbon and energy storage. PHAs can be used as replacements for petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in many industrial applications due to their biodegradability, excellent barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties. The overall industrial applications of PHAs are still very limited due to the high production cost and high stiffness and brittleness. Therefore, new novel cost-effective production method must be considered for the new generation of PHAs. One approach is based on using different type feedstocks and biowastes including food byproducts and industrial and manufacturing wastes, can lead to more competitive and cost-effective PHAs products. Modification of PHAs with different function groups such as carboxylic, hydroxyl, amine, epoxy, etc. is also a relatively new approach to create new functional materials with different industrial applications. In addition, blending PHA with biodegradable materials such as polylactide (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), starch, and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is another approach to address the drawbacks of PHAs and will be summarized in this chapter. A series of compatibilizers with different architectures were successfully synthesized and used to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PHAs and PCL. Finer morphology and significantly improvement in the mechanical properties of PHA/PCL blends were observed with a certain type of block compatibilizer. In addition, the improvement in the blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be strongly influenced by the compatibilizer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A. Madbouly
- School of Engineering , Behrend College, Pennsylvania State University , Erie , PA 16563 , USA
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Giubilini A, Bondioli F, Messori M, Nyström G, Siqueira G. Advantages of Additive Manufacturing for Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:29. [PMID: 33672131 PMCID: PMC7926534 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biopolymers have been attracting the attention of researchers and specialists from different fields, including biotechnology, material science, engineering, and medicine. The reason is the possibility of combining sustainability with scientific and technological progress. This is an extremely broad research topic, and a distinction has to be made among different classes and types of biopolymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a particular family of polyesters, synthetized by microorganisms under unbalanced growth conditions, making them both bio-based and biodegradable polymers with a thermoplastic behavior. Recently, PHAs were used more intensively in biomedical applications because of their tunable mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, adhesion for cells, and controllable biodegradability. Similarly, the 3D-printing technologies show increasing potential in this particular field of application, due to their advantages in tailor-made design, rapid prototyping, and manufacturing of complex structures. In this review, first, the synthesis and the production of PHAs are described, and different production techniques of medical implants are compared. Then, an overview is given on the most recent and relevant medical applications of PHA for drug delivery, vessel stenting, and tissue engineering. A special focus is reserved for the innovations brought by the introduction of additive manufacturing in this field, as compared to the traditional techniques. All of these advances are expected to have important scientific and commercial applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giubilini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Federica Bondioli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Messori
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
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Abstract
Abstract
In the 21st century, additive manufacturing technologies have gained in popularity mainly due to benefits such as rapid prototyping, faster small production runs, flexibility and space for innovations, non-complexity of the process and broad affordability. In order to meet diverse requirements that 3D models have to meet, it is necessary to develop new 3D printing technologies as well as processed materials. This review is focused on 3D printing technologies applicable for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs are thermoplastics regarded as a green alternative to petrochemical polymers. The 3D printing technologies presented as available for PHAs are selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling. Stereolithography can also be applied provided that the molecular weight and functional end groups of the PHA are adjusted for photopolymerization. The chemical and physical properties primarily influence the processing of PHAs by 3D printing technologies. The intensive research for the fabrication of 3D objects based on PHA has been applied to fulfil criteria of rapid and customized prototyping mainly in the medical area.
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Melčová V, Svoradová K, Menčík P, Kontárová S, Rampichová M, Hedvičáková V, Sovková V, Přikryl R, Vojtová L. FDM 3D Printed Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Based on Plasticized Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,l-lactide) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2806. [PMID: 33260879 PMCID: PMC7761374 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a current trend in the regenerative medicine putting pressure on scientists to develop highly functional materials and methods for scaffolds' preparation. In this paper, the calibrated filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) based on plasticized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,l-lactide) 70/30 blend modified with tricalcium phosphate bioceramics were prepared. Two different plasticizers, Citroflex (n-Butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate) and Syncroflex (oligomeric adipate ester), both used in the amount of 12 wt%, were compared. The printing parameters for these materials were optimized and the printability was evaluated by recently published warping test. The samples were studied with respect to their thermal and mechanical properties, followed by biological in vitro tests including proliferation, viability, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. According to the results from differential scanning calorimetry and tensile measurements, the Citroflex-based plasticizer showed very good softening effect at the expense of worse printability and unsatisfactory performance during biological testing. On the other hand, the samples with Syncroflex demonstrated lower warping tendency compared to commercial polylactide filament with the warping coefficient one third lower. Moreover, the Syncroflex-based samples exhibited the non-cytotoxicity and promising biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Melčová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Kateřina Svoradová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Přemysl Menčík
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Soňa Kontárová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Michala Rampichová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (V.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Věra Hedvičáková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (V.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Věra Sovková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (V.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Lucy Vojtová
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Advanced Biomaterials, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Chi-Hui Tsou, Guo J, Lei JA, De Guzman MR, Suen MC. Characterizing Attapulgite-Reinforced Nanocomposites of Poly(lactic acid). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20330068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sagandira CR, Siyawamwaya M, Watts P. 3D printing and continuous flow chemistry technology to advance pharmaceutical manufacturing in developing countries. ARAB J CHEM 2020; 13:7886-7908. [PMID: 34909056 PMCID: PMC7511217 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of a downward spiralling of diseases in developing countries requires them to become self-sufficient in pharmaceutical products. One of the ways to meet this need is by boosting the local production of active pharmaceutical ingredients and embracing enabling technologies. Both 3D printing and continuous flow chemistry are being exploited rapidly and they are opening huge avenues of possibilities in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries due to their well-documented benefits. The main barrier to entry for the continuous flow chemistry technique in low-income settings is the cost of set-up and maintenance through purchasing of spare flow reactors. This review article discusses the technical considerations for the convergence of state-of-the-art technologies, 3D printing and continuous flow chemistry for pharmaceutical manufacturing applications in developing countries. An overview of the 3D printing technique and its application in fabrication of continuous flow components and systems is provided. Finally, quality considerations for satisfying regulatory requirements for the approval of 3D printed equipment are underscored. An in-depth understanding of the interrelated aspects in the implementation of these technologies is crucial for the realization of sustainable, good quality chemical reactionware.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Watts
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa,Corresponding author
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Harris M, Potgieter J, Ray S, Archer R, Arif KM. Polylactic acid and high‐density polyethylene blend: Characterization and application in additive manufacturing. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering SF&AT, Massey University Auckland New Zealand
- University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Johan Potgieter
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Sudip Ray
- Department of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Richard Archer
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Khalid Mahmood Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering SF&AT, Massey University Auckland New Zealand
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Kovalcik A, Sangroniz L, Kalina M, Skopalova K, Humpolíček P, Omastova M, Mundigler N, Müller AJ. Properties of scaffolds prepared by fused deposition modeling of poly(hydroxyalkanoates). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:364-376. [PMID: 32522546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) are biodegradable and biocompatible polymers suitable for tissue engineering. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) belongs to modern rapid prototyping techniques for the fabrication of scaffolds. In this work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) were tested for FDM. Thermal and rheological properties of industrial PHAs were compared with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which is a biodegradable polymer commonly used for FDM. The massive decrease in viscosity and loss of molecular weight of PHB and PHBV precluded their use for FDM. On the other hand, the thermal stability of PHBH was comparable to that of PLA. PHBH scaffolds prepared by FDM exhibited excellent mechanical properties, no cytotoxicity and large proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells within 96 h. The hydrolytic degradation of PHBH and PLA scaffolds tested in synthetic gastric juice for 52 days confirmed a faster degradation of PHBH than PLA. The decrease in molecular weight confirmed the first-order kinetics with a slightly higher (0.0169 day-1) degradation rate constant for PHBH as compared to the value (0.0107 day-1) obtained for PLA. These results indicate that PHBH could be used to produce scaffolds by FDM with application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kovalcik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michal Kalina
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Skopalova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Omastova
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava 45, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Mundigler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Sikorska W, Zięba M, Musioł M, Kowalczuk M, Janeczek H, Chaber P, Masiuchok O, Demchenko V, Talanyuk V, Iurzhenko M, Puskas J, Adamus G. Forensic Engineering of Advanced Polymeric Materials-Part VII: Degradation of Biopolymer Welded Joints. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1167. [PMID: 32438761 PMCID: PMC7284890 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Welding technology may be considered as a promising processing method for the formation of packaging products from biopolymers. However, the welding processes used can change the properties of the polymer materials, especially in the region of the weld. In this contribution, the impact of the welding process on the structure and properties of biopolymer welds and their ability to undergo hydrolytic degradation will be discussed. Samples for the study were made from polylactide (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) biopolymers which were welded using two methods: ultrasonic and heated tool welding. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed slight changes in the thermal properties of the samples resulting from the processing and welding method used. The results of hydrolytic degradation indicated that welds of selected biopolymers started to degrade faster than unwelded parts of the samples. The structure of degradation products at the molecular level was confirmed using mass spectrometry. It was found that hydrolysis of the PLA and PHA welds occurs via the random ester bond cleavage and leads to the formation of PLA and PHA oligomers terminated by hydroxyl and carboxyl end groups, similarly to as previously observed for unwelded PLA and PHA-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M. Zięba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M. Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
| | - M. Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - H. Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
| | - P. Chaber
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - O. Masiuchok
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.M.); (V.D.); (V.T.); (M.I.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V. Demchenko
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.M.); (V.D.); (V.T.); (M.I.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V. Talanyuk
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.M.); (V.D.); (V.T.); (M.I.)
| | - M. Iurzhenko
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.M.); (V.D.); (V.T.); (M.I.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - J.E. Puskas
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44325, USA;
| | - G. Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (P.C.)
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. C. Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Musioł M, Jurczyk S, Sobota M, Klim M, Sikorska W, Zięba M, Janeczek H, Rydz J, Kurcok P, Johnston B, Radecka I. (Bio)Degradable Polymeric Materials for Sustainable Future-Part 3: Degradation Studies of the PHA/Wood Flour-Based Composites and Preliminary Tests of Antimicrobial Activity. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092200. [PMID: 32403315 PMCID: PMC7254317 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The need for a cost reduction of the materials derived from (bio)degradable polymers forces research development into the formation of biocomposites with cheaper fillers. As additives can be made using the post-consumer wood, generated during wood products processing, re-use of recycled waste materials in the production of biocomposites can be an environmentally friendly way to minimalize and/or utilize the amount of the solid waste. Also, bioactive materials, which possess small amounts of antimicrobial additives belong to a very attractive packaging industry solution. This paper presents a study into the biodegradation, under laboratory composting conditions, of the composites that consist of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)] and wood flour as a polymer matrix and natural filler, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the degradation progress of the obtained composites with different amounts of wood flour. The degradation products were characterized by multistage electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Also, preliminary tests of the antimicrobial activity of selected materials with the addition of nisin were performed. The obtained results suggest that the different amount of filler has a significant influence on the degradation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322-716-077
| | - Sebastian Jurczyk
- Łukasieiwcz Research Network – Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55, M. Sklodowska-Curie St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Michał Sobota
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klim
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellońska St., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Magdalena Zięba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kurcok
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Brian Johnston
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (B.J.); (I.R.)
| | - Izabela Radecka
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (B.J.); (I.R.)
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Effects of Rutile-TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Accelerated Weathering Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051096. [PMID: 32403372 PMCID: PMC7285358 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of accelerated weathering on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and a PLA nanocomposite with rutile titanium (IV) dioxide (rutile–TiO2) was investigated. The accelerated weathering test applied consecutive steps of ultraviolet (UV) (at 340 nm and 0.76 W m−2 irradiance) and moisture at 50 °C for 2000 h, following the ASTM D4329 standard. The morphology, chemical structure, molecular weight, crystallization, as well as mechanical and thermal properties were thoroughly studied. Samples were characterized after 500 h, 1000 h and 2000 h exposure. Different degradation mechanisms were proposed to happen during the weathering exposure and confirmed based on the experimental data. The PLA and PLA/TiO2 surfaces presented holes and increasing roughness over the exposure time. The molecular weight of the weathered samples decreased due to chain scission during the degradation processes. Thermal stability decreased in the presence of TiO2 and a double melting peak was observed for the PLA/TiO2 nanocomposite. A general improvement in the mechanical properties of the PLA/TiO2 nanocomposite was observed over time during the accelerated weathering analysis up to 1000 h of exposure time. After 2000 h of weathering exposure, the PLA and PLA/TiO2 became extremely brittle and lost their ductile properties. This was ascribed to a significant increase in the degree of crystallinity upon weathering, which was accelerated in the presence of TiO2. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) using amplitude modulation–frequency modulation (AM–FM) tool confirmed the mechanical changes in the surface area of the PLA samples after accelerated weathering exposure. The stiffness and Young’s modulus achieved higher values than the unweathered ones up to 1000 h of exposure time. The changes in the physical and chemical properties of PLA/TiO2 over the ageing time confirm the photocatalytic activity of rutile–TiO2.
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Wasti S, Adhikari S. Use of Biomaterials for 3D Printing by Fused Deposition Modeling Technique: A Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:315. [PMID: 32457867 PMCID: PMC7221194 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary manufacturing technique that can fabricate a 3D object by depositing materials layer by layer. Different materials such as metals, polymers, and concretes are generally used for 3D printing. In order to make 3D printing sustainable, researchers are working on the use of different bioderived materials for 3D printing. Because of the abundant and sustainable sources, and versatile properties, biomaterials are considered as the potential candidates that have the ability to replace petroleum-based polymers. This review highlights the basic overview of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of 3D printing and recent developments that have occurred on FDM printing using biomaterials. Specifically, FDM printing process, final properties, and characteristics of biopolymers, their composites, and polymers containing biofillers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjita Wasti
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sushil Adhikari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Three-Dimensional Printed PLA and PLA/PHA Dumbbell-Shaped Specimens: Material Defects and Their Impact on Degradation Behavior. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13082005. [PMID: 32344751 PMCID: PMC7215731 DOI: 10.3390/ma13082005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of (bio)degradable polymers, especially in medical applications, requires a proper understanding of their properties and behavior in various environments. Structural elements made of such polymers may be exposed to changing environmental conditions, which may cause defects. That is why it is so important to determine the effect of processing conditions on polymer properties and also their subsequent behavior during degradation. This paper presents original research on a specimen's damage during 70 days of hydrolytic degradation. During a standard hydrolytic degradation study of polylactide and polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate dumbbell-shaped specimens obtained by 3D printing with two different processing build directions, exhibited unexpected shrinkage phenomena in the last degradation series, representing approximately 50% of the length of the specimens irrespective of the printing direction. Therefore, the continuation of previous ex-ante research of advanced polymer materials is presented to identify any possible defects before they arise and to minimize the potential failures of novel polymer products during their use and also during degradation. Studies on the impact of a specific processing method, i.e., processing parameters and conditions, on the properties expressed in molar mass and thermal properties changes of specimens obtained by three-dimensional printing from polyester-based filaments, and in particular on the occurrence of unexpected shrinkage phenomena after post-processing heat treatment, are presented.
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Liulan Lin, Li M, Zhou Q. Study of Thermal-Responsive Poly-L-lactic acid/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Filament and its 3D Printing. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19080017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang G, Liang Y, Jiang M, Zhang Q, Wang R, Wang H, Zhou G. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based polyesters from 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091529. [PMID: 31546970 PMCID: PMC6780387 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase the mechanical performance of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments by annealing and/or blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were reported. For filament printing at 210 °C, the PLA crystallinity increased significantly upon annealing. Specifically, for 2 h of annealing at 100 °C, the fracture surface became sufficiently coarse such that the PLA notched impact strength increased significantly (15 kJ m−2). The Vicat softening temperature (VST) increased to 160 °C, starting from an annealing time of 0.5 h. Similar increases in VST were obtained by blending with PHB (20 wt.%) at a lower printing temperature of 190 °C due to crystallization control. For the blend, the strain at break increased due to the presence of a second phase, with annealing only relevant for enhancing the modulus.
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Ding Y, Feng W, Huang D, Lu B, Wang P, Wang G, Ji J. Compatibilization of immiscible PLA-based biodegradable polymer blends using amphiphilic di-block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kabirian F, Brouki Milan P, Zamanian A, Heying R, Mozafari M. Nitric oxide-releasing vascular grafts: A therapeutic strategy to promote angiogenic activity and endothelium regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:82-91. [PMID: 31059835 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) are associated with a high incidence of failure due to infection and obstruction. Although several vascular grafts are commercially available, specific anatomical differences of defect sites require patient-based design and fabrication. Design and fabrication of such custom-tailored grafts are possible with 3d-printing technology. The aim of this study is to develop 3d-printed SDVGs with a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing coating to improve the success rate of implantation. The SDVGs were printed from polylactic acid and coated with blending of 10 wt% S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine into the polymeric substrate consisting of poly (ethylene glycol) and polycaprolactone. Our results show that NO is released in the physiological range (0.5-4 × 10-10 mol·cm-2·min-1) for 14 days and NO-releasing coating showed significant antibacterial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. It was shown that both NO-releasing and control grafts are biocompatible in-vitro and in-vivo. Interestingly, the NO-releasing SDVGs dramatically enhanced ECs proliferation and significantly enhanced ECs migration in-vitro compared to control grafts. In addition, the NO-releasing SDVGs showed angiogenic potential in-vivo which can further prove the results of our in-vitro study. These findings are expected to facilitate tissue regeneration and integration of custom-made vascular implants with enhanced clinical success. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A series of 3d-printed small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs, <6 mm) with controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) were prepared to combine the advantages of 3D printing technology and NO-releasing systems. The resulting NO-releasing grafts were promisingly showing sustained NO release in the physiological range over a two weeks period. In addition to the evaluation of endothelial cell migration in-vitro, we implanted for the first time the NO-releasing vascular grafts in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to investigate the effect of the prepared grafts on the angiogenesis in-vivo. The fabricated grafts also exhibited bactericidal properties which prevent the formation of a biofilm layer and can thereby enhance the chance of endothelialization on the surface. Taken together, the innovative combination of rapid and highly accurate 3d-printing technology as a patient-specific fabrication method with NO-releasing coating represents a promising approach to develop bactericidal SDVGs with improved endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kabirian
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruth Heying
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Kaygusuz B, Özerinç S. Improving the ductility of polylactic acid parts produced by fused deposition modeling through polyhydroxyalkanoate additions. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Kaygusuz
- Department of Micro and NanotechnologyMiddle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Sezer Özerinç
- Department of Micro and NanotechnologyMiddle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMiddle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
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Rydz J, Sikorska W, Musioł M, Janeczek H, Włodarczyk J, Misiurska-Marczak M, Łęczycka J, Kowalczuk M. 3D-Printed Polyester-Based Prototypes for Cosmetic Applications-Future Directions at the Forensic Engineering of Advanced Polymeric Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E994. [PMID: 30917574 PMCID: PMC6470545 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of degradation and impairment phenomena of (bio)degradable polymeric materials under operating conditions, and thus the selection of test procedures and prediction of their behavior designates the scope and capabilities as well as possible limitations of both: the preparation of the final product and its durability. The main novelty and objective of this research was to determine the degradation pathways during testing of polylactide and polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate materials made with three-dimensional printing and the development of a new strategy for the comprehensive characterization of such complex systems including behavior during waste disposal. Prototype objects were subjected to tests for damage evolution performed under simulating operating conditions. The reference samples and the tested items were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry to determine changes in material properties. The studies showed that: polyhydroxyalkanoate component during accelerated aging and degradation in environments rich in microorganisms accelerated the degradation of the material; paraffin accelerates polylactide degradation and slows degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate-based material; under the influence of an environment rich in enzymes, paraffin contamination accelerates biodegradation; under the influence of natural conditions, paraffin contamination slowed degradation; the processing conditions, in particular the printing orientation of individual parts of the container, influenced the material properties in its various regions, affecting the rate of degradation of individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marlena Misiurska-Marczak
- Laboratorium Kosmetyczne Dr Irena Eris Sp. z o.o., R&D Department, 12 Armii Krajowej St., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
| | - Justyna Łęczycka
- Laboratorium Kosmetyczne Dr Irena Eris Sp. z o.o., R&D Department, 12 Armii Krajowej St., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, UK.
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(Bio)degradable Polymeric Materials for Sustainable Future-Part 2: Degradation Studies of P(3HB- co-4HB)/Cork Composites in Different Environments. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030547. [PMID: 30960531 PMCID: PMC6473375 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of degradation of pure poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] and its composites with cork incubated under industrial and laboratory composting conditions was investigated. The materials were parallelly incubated in distilled water at 70 °C as a reference experiment (abiotic condition). It was demonstrated that addition of the cork into polyester strongly affects the matrix crystallinity. It influences the composite degradation independently on the degradation environment. Moreover, the addition of the cork increases the thermal stability of the obtained composites; this was related to a smaller reduction in molar mass during processing. This phenomenon also had an influence on the composite degradation process. The obtained results suggest that the addition of cork as a natural filler in various mass ratios to the composites enables products with different life expectancies to be obtained.
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Gonzalez Ausejo J, Rydz J, Musioł M, Sikorska W, Janeczek H, Sobota M, Włodarczyk J, Szeluga U, Hercog A, Kowalczuk M. Three-dimensional printing of PLA and PLA/PHA dumbbell-shaped specimens of crisscross and transverse patterns as promising materials in emerging application areas: Prediction study. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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The Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Waste Polystyrene Fragments Attained Using Oxidative Degradation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10090957. [PMID: 30960882 PMCID: PMC6404237 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive levels of plastic waste in our oceans and landfills indicate that there is an abundance of potential carbon sources with huge economic value being neglected. These waste plastics, through biological fermentation, could offer alternatives to traditional petrol-based plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of plastics produced by some strains of bacteria that could be part of a new generation of polyester materials that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and, most importantly, non-toxic if discarded. This study introduces the use of prodegraded high impact and general polystyrene (PS0). Polystyrene is commonly used in disposable cutlery, CD cases, trays, and packaging. Despite these applications, some forms of polystyrene PS remain financially and environmentally expensive to send to landfills. The prodegraded PS0 waste plastics used were broken down at varied high temperatures while exposed to ozone. These variables produced PS flakes (PS1⁻3) and a powder (PS4) with individual acid numbers. Consequently, after fermentation, different PHAs and amounts of biomass were produced. The bacterial strain, Cupriavidus necator H16, was selected for this study due to its well-documented genetic profile, stability, robustness, and ability to produce PHAs at relatively low temperatures. The accumulation of PHAs varied from 39% for prodegraded PS0 in nitrogen rich media to 48% (w/w) of dry biomass with the treated PS. The polymers extracted from biomass were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) to assess their molecular structure and properties. In conclusion, the PS0⁻3 specimens were shown to be the most promising carbon sources for PHA biosynthesis; with 3-hydroxybutyrate and up to 12 mol % of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate co-monomeric units generated.
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