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Liu Y, Zhao X, Liu Z, Sun B, Liu X, Zhao R, Liu B, Sun Z, Men Y, Hu W, Shao ZB. Functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene reinforced polypropylene with favorable UV-aging resistance, electromagnetic shielding effects and superior fire-safety. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130957. [PMID: 38499121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deterioration in mechanical performances and aging resistance due to the introduction of flame retardants is a major obstacle for bio-based fire-safety polypropylene (PP). Herein, we reported a kind of functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene (MX@LNP), and applied it to construct the flame-retardant PP composites (PP-MA) with superior fire safety, excellent mechanical performance, electromagnetic shielding effects and aging resistance. Specifically, the PP-MA doped with only 18 wt% flame-retardant additives (PP-MA18) achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison to pure PP, PP-MA18 presented a greatly decreased peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat rate (THR), and peak smoke production rate (pSPR) by 79.7 %, 69.0 % and 75.8 %, respectively, and satisfactory decrease in total flammable and toxic volatiles evolved. The formed fine solid microstructure of carbon residuals effectively promoted the compactness of char layers. More importantly, the nano-effect and the strong interface interaction between the complexed MX@LNP and PP enhanced the tensile strength (45.78 MPa) and elongation at break (725.95 %) of PP-MA. Additionally, the significant ultraviolet absorption and electromagnetic wave dissipation performance of MXene and lignin enabled excellent aging resistance and electromagnetic shielding effects of PP-MA compared with PP. This achieved MX@LNP afforded a novel approach for developing flame retardant materials with excellent application performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Zechi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Benhui Sun
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Changyuan Electronics (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., Baopi Industrial District, Fumin Industrial Park 2# Dalang, Dongguan 523770, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China.
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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2
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Jin WJ, Xin Y, Guan JP, Cheng XW, Zhu MK, Wang D. Fabrication of multifunctional bio-macromolecule organic-inorganic hybrid system for protein silk: Photochromic, UV protection, fire-proof and super durability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127296. [PMID: 37813211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, high value-added and multifunctional textiles have attracted widespread attention due to the changing demands of modern life. This study focused on the fabrication of silk with photochromism, flame retardancy, UV resistance and durability using riboflavin sodium phosphate (RSP) and various metal ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, and Ti4+). Attractively, the photochromic performance was one of the most distinctive features of the modified silk, and the yellow silk fabric turned into fluorescent green under UV lamp. After a detailed comparison, it was determined that RSP/Fe3+ hybrid system was most effective in improving anti-UV performance of the silk with a high UPF of 25.8, achieving a "Good" level of UV protection. Specifically, it achieved a B1 fire protection with a low damaged-length of 9.4 cm and a high LOI of 28.3 %. Additionally, the modified silk showed the lowest smoke density, reducing by approximately 84.1 % versus that of pristine silk. Moreover, the modified silk was able to meet the B1 classification and the "Good" UV protection requirements even after 75 washing cycles, making it more durable than most functional textiles reported. The further analysis indicated that RSP and metal ions can synergistically enhance the condensed-phase action, thereby improving the fire resistance of silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin-Ping Guan
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xian-Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials (CNTAC), National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Meng-Kai Zhu
- Central Research Institute, Zhejiang Hailide New material Co., Ltd., 18 Xinmi Road, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Central Research Institute, Zhejiang Hailide New material Co., Ltd., 18 Xinmi Road, Jiaxing 314400, China
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3
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Chen G, Liu T, Luan P, Li N, Sun Y, Tao J, Yan B, Cheng Z. Distribution, migration, and removal of N-containing products during polyurethane pyrolysis: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131406. [PMID: 37084514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide applications of polyurethane (PU), production is constantly increasing, accounting for 8% of produced plastics. PU has been regarded as the 6th most used polymer in the world. Improper disposal of waste PU will result in serious environmental consequences. The pyrolysis of polymers is one of the most commonly used disposal methods, but PU pyrolysis easily produces toxic and harmful nitrogen-containing substances due to its high nitrogen content. This paper reviews the decomposition pathways, kinetic characteristics, and migration of N-element by product distribution during PU pyrolysis. PU ester bonds break to produce isocyanates and alcohols or decarboxylate to produce primary amines, which are then further decomposed to MDI, MAI, and MDA. The nitrogenous products, including NH3, HCN, and benzene derivatives, are released by the breakage of C-C and C-N bonds. The N-element migration mechanism is concluded. Meanwhile, this paper reviews the removal of gaseous pollution from PU pyrolysis and discusses the removal mechanism in depth. Among the catalysts for pollutant removal, CaO has the most superior catalytic performance and can convert fuel-N to N2 by adsorption and dehydrogenation reactions. At the end of the review, new challenges for the utilization and high-quality recycling of PU are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Luan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yunan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Junyu Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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4
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Tian J, Li C, Qi X, Xian G. Hygrothermal aging behavior and mechanism of multi-filler reinforced epoxy composites for steel structure coatings. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Jiang Q, Li P, Liu Y, Zhu P. Phytic Acid-Iron/Laponite Coatings for Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Antidripping and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169145. [PMID: 36012407 PMCID: PMC9408875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is severely limited due to its flammability and dripping, which can easily cause major fire hazards. Therefore, choosing an appropriate flame retardant to solve this problem is an urgent need. A coating was prepared on the FPUF surface by dipping with phytic acid (PA), Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O, and laponite (LAP). The influence of PA-Fe/LAP coating on FPUF flame-retardant performance was explored by thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion behavior, and smoke density analysis. FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP has a good performance in the small fire test, which can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index reaches 24.5%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate values and maximum smoke density of FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP are reduced by 38.7% and 38.5% compared with those of neat FPUF. After applying PA-Fe/LAP coating, the value of fire growth rate index decreases from 10.5 kW/(m2·s) to 5.1 kW/(m2·s), dramatically reducing the fire risk. Encouragingly, the effect of PA-Fe/LAP coating on cyclic compression and permanent deformation is small, which is close to that of neat FPUF. This work provides an effective strategy for making a flame-retardant FPUF with antidripping and keeping mechanical properties.
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6
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Piao J, Ren J, Wang Y, Feng T, Wang Y, Lu M, Jiao C, Chen X. Green biobased P‐N coating: Towards waste‐minimization flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Piao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Ren
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
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7
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Metal-organic Framework ZIF-67 Functionalized MXene for Enhancing the Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071142. [PMID: 35407260 PMCID: PMC9000687 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel functionalization strategy for ZIF-67-modified layered MXene was proposed, aiming at improving the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The ZIF-67@MXene was verified by microscopic morphology, elemental composition, functional group species and crystal structure, and then the successfully prepared ZIF-67@MXene was introduced into the TPU material. When ZIF-67@MXene content was only 0.5 wt%, the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, peak smoke release rate, total smoke release rate, and CO yield of the TPU/ZIF-67@MXene composites were reduced by 26%, 9%, 50%, and 22%, respectively, compared with the pure TPU. The thermogravimetric tests showed that the residual char of TPU/ZIF-67@MXene composites was the most in all samples. In short, the high-quality carbon layer of TPU/ZIF-67@MXene composites acts as a physical barrier to the transfer of heat and toxic gases, greatly improving the flame retardant properties of the TPU polymer.
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8
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Peng W, Nie SB, Xu YX, Yang W. A tetra-DOPO derivative as highly efficient flame retardant for epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Yin Z, Lu J, Hong N, Cheng W, Jia P, Wang H, Hu W, Wang B, Song L, Hu Y. Functionalizing Ti 3C 2T x for enhancing fire resistance and reducing toxic gases of flexible polyurethane foam composites with reinforced mechanical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1300-1312. [PMID: 34583035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is the most used polyurethane, but the highly flammable characteristic limits its widespread usage. In this work, ZIF-8@Ti3C2Txwas synthesized to reduce the heat and toxic gases of FPUF. Flame-retardant FPUF was characterized by cone calorimeter (Cone), thermogravimetric analysis/fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), tensileand compression tests. Compared with pure FPUF, these results showed that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), CO and HCN of FPUF6 decreased by 46%, 69%, 27% and 43.5%, respectively. Moreover, the tensile and compression strength of FPUF6 demonstrated a 52% and 130% increment, respectively. The superior dual metal catalytical charring-forming effect and physical barrier effect of ZIF-8@Ti3C2Tx were achieved. In summary, a simple and reliable strategy for preparing flame-retardant FPUF with reinforced mechanical and fire safety properties was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Hong
- The State Key Laboratory of Special Cable Technology of Shanghai Electric Cable Research Institute Co., Ltd., 1000 Junhong Road, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yu X, Wang B, Jia P, Yin Z, Tang G, Zhou X, Lu T, Guo L, Song L, Hu Y. Effects of graphene nanosheets decorated by cerium stannate on the enhancement of flame retardancy and mechanical performances of flexible polyurethane foam composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhenting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Tingting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Liying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
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11
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Peng W, Xu YX, Nie SB, Yang W. A bio-based phosphaphenanthrene-containing derivative modified epoxy thermosets with good flame retardancy, high mechanical properties and transparency. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30943-30954. [PMID: 35498916 PMCID: PMC9041298 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing flame retardants have received huge interest for improving the flame retardant behavior of epoxy resins (EP) over the past few decades. However, a satisfactory flame retardant effect requires high loading of most phosphorus-containing flame retardants, resulting in the deterioration of the thermo-mechanical properties of the flame retardant epoxy materials. To obtain the flame retardant EP with excellent comprehensive properties, a furfurylamine-derived bis-DOPO derivative (FA-bis-DOPO) was synthesized from bio-mass as a co-curing agent for the flame retardant EP. The incorporation of FA-bis-DOPO improved the mechanical strength, the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of the flame retardant epoxy materials, owing to its stiffness and reactivity with the epoxy matrix to enhance the crosslinking density. The EP material containing 5.0 wt% of FA-bis-DOPO had an LOI of 31.0% and UL-94 V-0 rating, while the pristine EP had an LOI of 23.5% and failed in the UL-94 test, manifesting the high flame retardant efficiency of FA-bis-DOPO. Besides, the cone calorimeter results demonstrated that the PHRR, THR, and TSP values of the EP/FA-bis-DOPO-5.0 were 28.0%, 27.3%, and 9.9% lower than those of the pristine EP, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism of FA-bis-DOPO could be attributed to the combined vapor and condensed phase mechanisms which involved the interruption of the combustion chain reaction by quenching radicals and the inhibition of the transfer of pyrolytic volatile products by catalytic formation of an intact and compact char layer. Phosphorus-containing flame retardants have received huge interest for improving the flame retardant behavior of epoxy resins (EP) over the past few decades.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Xu
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bin Nie
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
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12
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Wang R, Chen Y, Liu Y, Ma M, Tong Z, Chen X, Bi Y, Huang W, Liao Z, Chen S, Zhang X, Li Q. Metal‐organic frameworks derived
ZnO
@
MOF
@
PZS
flame retardant for reducing fire hazards of polyurea nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Wang
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhouyu Tong
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yuxin Bi
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Weibo Huang
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zijian Liao
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shuailiang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China
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13
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Synthesis of Ethyl (Diethoxymethyl)phosphinate Derivatives and Their Flame Retardancy in Flexible Polyurethane Foam: Structure-flame Retardancy Relationships. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Construction of Charring-Functional Polyheptanazine towards Improvements in Flame Retardants of Polyurethane. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020340. [PMID: 33440778 PMCID: PMC7826771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing flame retardants have been extensively applied due to their low toxicity and smoke-suppression properties; however, their poor charring ability restricts their applications. Herein, a representative nitrogen-containing flame retardant, polyheptanazine, was investigated. Two novel, cost-effective phosphorus-doped polyheptazine (PCN) and cobalt-anchored PCN (Co@PCN) flame retardants were synthesized via a thermal condensation method. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated effective doping of P into triazine. Then, flame-retardant particles were introduced into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using a melt-blending approach. The introduction of 3 wt% PCN and Co@PCN could remarkably suppress peak heat release rate (pHRR) (48.5% and 40.0%), peak smoke production rate (pSPR) (25.5% and 21.8%), and increasing residues (10.18 wt%→17.04 wt% and 14.08 wt%). Improvements in charring stability and flame retardancy were ascribed to the formation of P-N bonds and P=N bonds in triazine rings, which promoted the retention of P in the condensed phase, which produced additional high-quality residues.
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15
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Idumah CI, Obele CM, Emmanuel EO, Hassan A. Recently Emerging Nanotechnological Advancements in Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings for Anti-corrosion, Anti-fouling and Self-healing. SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2020; 21:100734. [PMID: 34957345 PMCID: PMC7531442 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent nanotechnological advancements have enabled novel innovations in protective polymer nanocomposites (PNC) coatings for anti-corrosion, anti-fouling and self-healing services on material surfaces. Nanotechnology encompases research, manufacturing, and application of nanoparticulate architectures, tubular structures, sheets or plates exhibiting sizes below 100 nanometers (nm) in at least a single dimension. Inclusions of nanoparticles into organic entities have demonstrated enhanced properties essential for attainiment of aesthetics, anti-corrosion, thermal stability for high-temperature performances, mechanical strength essential for resisting coating deterioration in harsh environments, nano-architectural cross-linking capable of hindering penetration of corrosive, and biofouling entities. Unlike previously published literature, this paper elucidates very recently emerging important advancements in novel techniques utilized in developing PNC coatings for applications in aerospace, packaging, automotive, biomedicine, maritime, and oil and gas industries for attaining superior anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, and self-healing behaviors on critical material surfaces. Emerging market structures and novel applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chizoba May Obele
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ezeani O Emmanuel
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Azman Hassan
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Department of Polymer Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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Analysis on the Fire Growth Rate Index Considering of Scale Factor, Volume Fraction, and Ignition Heat Source for Polyethylene Foam Pipe Insulation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13143644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fire growth rate index (FIGRA), which is the ratio of the maximum value of the heat release rate (Qmax) and the time (tmax) to reach the maximum heat release rate, is a general method to evaluate a material in the fire-retardant performance in fire technology. The object of this study aims to predict FIGRA of the polyethylene foam pipe insulation in accordance with the scale factor (Sf), the volume fraction of the pipe insulation (VF) and the ignition heat source (Qig). The compartments made of fireboard have been mock-up with 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 reduced scales of the compartment as specified in ISO 20632. The heat release rate data of the pipe insulation with the variation of Sf, VF, and Qig are measured from 33 experiments to correlate with FIGRA. Based on a critical analysis of the heat transfer phenomenon from previous research literature, the predictions of Qmax and tmax are presented. It is noticeable that the fire-retardant grade of the polyethylene foam pipe insulation could have Grade B, C, and D in accordance with the test conditions within ±15% deviation of the predicted FIGRA. In case of establishing the database of various types of insulation, the prediction models could apply to evaluate the fire-retardant performance.
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