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Mohammed K, Yu D, Mahdi AA, Zhang L, Obadi M, Al-Ansi W, Xia W. Influence of cellulose viscosity on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of the chitosan-based films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129383. [PMID: 38218274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into developing biodegradable films for food packaging applications using chitosan (CN) in conjunction with three distinct types of cellulose (CE), each characterized by varying viscosities. The primary objective was to assess the influence of cellulose viscosity on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of the resulting films. The medium-viscosity cellulose imparted numerous advantageous qualities to the biodegradable films. These films exhibited optimal thickness (31 μm), ensuring versatility in food packaging while maintaining favorable mechanical properties, blending strength, and flexibility. Also, medium-viscosity cellulose significantly improved the films' barrier performance, particularly regarding oxygen permeability [1.80 × 10-6 (g.mm.m-2. s-1)]. Furthermore, the medium-viscosity cellulose contributed to superior moisture-related properties, including reduced water vapor permeability [14.80 × 10-9 (g.mm.m-2. s-1. Pa-1)], moisture content (13.22 %), and water solubility (22.87 %), while maintaining an appropriate degree of swelling (41.88 %). Moreover, the study employed advanced analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, and TGA, to provide critical insights into the films' chemical, structural, and thermal aspects. This research underscored the importance of the viscosity of film formulation materials as a crucial element in designing and efficiently producing films for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mohammed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Amer Ali Mahdi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Liming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mohammed Obadi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Kandile NG, Ahmed ME, Mohamed MI, Mohamed HM. Therapeutic applications of sustainable new chitosan derivatives and its nanocomposites: Fabrication and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127855. [PMID: 37939771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a biologically active biopolymer used in different medical applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Nanotechnology is an exciting and quick developing field in medical applications. Nanoparticles have shown great potential in the treatment of cancer and inflammation. In the present work modification of chitosan and its (Ag, Au, or ZnO) nanocomposites by N-aminophthalimide (NAP) occurred through the reaction with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinker in the presence or absence of glutaraldehyde (GA) under different reaction conditions using microwave irradiation to give modified chitosan derivatives CS-2, CS-6, and their nanocomposites. Modified chitosan derivatives were characterized using different tools. CS-2 and CS-6 derivatives displayed enhancement of thermal stability and crystallinity compared to chitosan. Additionally, CS-2, CS-6, and their nanocomposites exhibited improvements in antitumor activity against HeLa cancer cells and enzymatic inhibitory against trypsin and α-chymotrypsin enzymes compared to chitosan. However, CS-2 revealed the highest cell growth inhibition% toward HeLa cells (89.02 ± 1.46 %) and the enzymatic inhibitory toward α-chymotrypsin enzyme (17.13 ± 1.59 %). Furthermore, CS-Au-2 showed the highest enzymatic inhibitory against trypsin enzyme (28.14 ± 1.76 %). These results suggested that the new chitosan derivatives CS-2, CS-6, and their nanocomposites could be a platform for medical applications against HeLa cells, trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia G Kandile
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa ElS Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansoura I Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemat M Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ullah H, Chen B, Rashid A, Zhao R, Shahab A, Yu G, Wong MH, Khan S. A critical review on selenium removal capacity from water using emerging non-conventional biosorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122644. [PMID: 37827352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic-driven selenium (Se) contamination of natural waters has emerged as severe health and environmental concern. Lowering Se levels to safe limits of 40 μg-L-1 (recommended by WHO) presents a critical challenge for the scientific community, necessitating reliable and effective methods for Se removal. The primary obectives of this review are to evaluate the efficiency of different biosorbents in removing Se, understand the mechanism of adsorption, and identify the factors influencing the biosorption process. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to analyze various studies that have explored the use of modified biochars, iron oxides, and other non-conventional biosorbents for selenium removal. The assessed biosorbents include biomass, microalgae-based, alginate compounds, peats, chitosan, and biochar/modified biochar-based adsorbents. Quantitative data from the selected studies analyzed Se adsorption capacities of biosorbents, were collected considering pH, temperature, and environmental conditions, while highlighting advantages and limitations. The role of iron impregnation in enhancing the biosorption efficiency is investigated, and the mechanisms of Se adsorption on these biosorbents at different pH levels are discussed. A critical literature assessment reveals a robust understanding of the current state of Se biosorption and the effectiveness of non-conventional biosorbents for Se removal, providing crucial information for further research and practical applications in water treatment processes. By understanding the strengths and limitations of various biosorbents, this review is expected to scale-up targeted research on Se removal, promoting the development of innovative and cost-effective adsorbents, efficient and sustainable approaches for Se removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ullah
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Audil Rashid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-50700, Pakistan
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
| | - Guo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sangar Khan
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Bahsaine K, El Allaoui B, Benzeid H, El Achaby M, Zari N, Qaiss AEK, Bouhfid R. Hemp cellulose nanocrystals for functional chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-based films for food packaging applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33294-33304. [PMID: 37964908 PMCID: PMC10641453 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp is known for its swift growth and remarkable sustainability, requiring significantly less water, an adaptable cultivation to a wide range of climates when compared to other fibers sources, making it a practical and environmentally friendly choice for packaging materials. The current research seeks to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from hemp fibers using alkali treatment followed by acid hydrolysis and assess their reinforcing capacity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) films. AFM analysis confirmed the existence of elongated, uniquely nanosized CNC fibers. The length of the isolated CNCs was approximately 277.76 ± 61 nm, diameter was 6.38 ± 1.27 nm and its aspect ratio was 44.69 ± 11.08. The FTIR and SEM analysis indicated the successful removal of non-cellulosic compounds. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of adding CNCs at varying weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) as a strengthening agent on the chemical composition, structure, tensile characteristics, transparency, and water solubility of the bionanocomposite films. Adding CNCs to the CS/PVA film, up to 5 wt%, resulted in an improvement in both the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the bionanocomposite film, which are measured at (412.46 ± 10.49 MPa) and (18.60 ± 3.42 MPa), respectively, in contrast to the control films with values of (202.32 ± 22.50 MPa) and (13.72 ± 2.61 MPa), respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal the creation of a CS/PVA/CNC film that appears smooth, with no signs of clumping or clustering. The blending and introduction of CNCs have yielded transparent and biodegradable CS/PVA films. This incorporation has led to a reduction in the gas transmission rate (from 7.013 to 4.159 cm3 (m2 day·0.1 MPa))-1, a decrease in transparency (from 90.23% to 82.47%), and a lowered water solubility (from 48% to 33%). This study is the inaugural effort to propose the utilization of hemp-derived CNC as a strengthening component in the development of mechanically robust and transparent CS/PVA-CNC bio-nanocomposite films, holding substantial potential for application in the field of food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Bahsaine
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Brahim El Allaoui
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Hanane Benzeid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Nadia Zari
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Abou El Kacem Qaiss
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Rachid Bouhfid
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites and Nanocomposites Center, Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
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Tilwani YM, Lakra AK, Domdi L, Arul V. Preparation and functional characterization of the bio-composite film based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blended with bacterial exopolysaccharide EPS MC-5 having antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125496. [PMID: 37355066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the plate casting method was successfully used to prepare biocomposite films containing EPS from probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC-5 in combination with PVA and chitosan. The findings demonstrated that EPS was uniformly distributed in the film matrices and significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the resulting composite films. The development of intermolecular connections between the polymers was detected by high tensile strength and low water vapour transmission rate. EPS plays an important role in limiting the passage of UV- and visible light radiations through the films. FT-IR analysis was used to determine the molecular compatibility between the functional groups of the blended films made up of chitosan-EPS and PVA-EPS. The TGA results showed that composite films have a significant degree of thermal stability. The presence of amorphous peaks in the composite film was confirmed by XRD analysis. The EPS blended films displayed a greater antioxidant property than the PVA and chitosan films, as determined by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Interestingly, the EPS-derived films showed enhanced metal chelation activity and strong antibacterial properties against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. EPS-based composite films performed better than chitosan and PVA films in terms of degradation rate. The overall functional characteristics of the EPS blended films suggested that they could be used as a packaging material to replace or reduce the use of conventional petroleum-based packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younus Mohd Tilwani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India
| | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India
| | - Latha Domdi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India
| | - Venkatesan Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry Pin code: 605014, India.
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A comprehensive review of chitosan applications in paper science and technologies. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120665. [PMID: 36906368 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using environmentally friendly biomaterials in different aspects of human life has been considered extensively. In this respect, different biomaterials have been identified and different applications have been found for them. Currently, chitosan, the well-known derivative of the second most abundant polysaccharide in the nature (i.e., chitin), has been receiving a lot of attention. This unique biomaterial can be defined as a renewable, high cationic charge density, antibacterial, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic biomaterial with high compatibility with cellulose structure, where it can be used in different applications. This review takes a deep and comprehensive look at chitosan and its derivative applications in different aspects of papermaking.
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Fan G, Peng Q, Chen Y, Long Y, Bai J, Song G, Cheng Q. Preparation of biodegradable composite films based on carboxymethylated holocellulose from wheat straw. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124868. [PMID: 37201885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Holocellulose was extracted from wheat straw and catalytically transformed into carboxymethylated holocellulose (CMHCS) to prepare a biodegradable composite film. By changing the type and amount of catalyst, the carboxymethylation of the holocellulose was optimized with respect to the degree of substitution (DS). A high DS of 2.46 was achieved in the presence of a cocatalyst composed of polyethylene glycol and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The effect of DS on the properties of CMHCS-derived biodegradable composite films was further investigated. Compared to pristine holocellulose, the mechanical properties of the composite film were significantly improved and increased with increasing DS. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus increased from 6.58 MPa, 51.4 %, and 26.13 MPa for the unmodified holocellulose-based composite film to 14.81 MPa, 89.36 %, and 81.73 MPa for the film derived from the CMHCS with a DS of 2.46. The biodegradability of the composite film was assessed under soil burial biodisintegration conditions and reached 71.5 % degradation after 45 d. Additionally, a possible degradation process for the composite film was proposed. The results indicated that the CMHCS-derived composite film has good comprehensive performance, and CMHCS is expected to be applied in the field of biodegradable composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Fan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 433023, China.
| | - Qiao Peng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 433023, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 433023, China
| | - Yifei Long
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 433023, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Ecoplast Technologies Inc, Wuhan 430202, China
| | - Guangsen Song
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 433023, China
| | - Qunpeng Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 433023, China
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Ali M, Mohamed MI, Taher AT, Mahmoud SH, Mostafa A, Sherbiny FF, Kandile NG, Mohamed HM. New potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-cancer therapies of chitosan derivatives and its nanoparticles: Preparation and characterization. ARAB J CHEM 2023; 16:104676. [PMID: 36811068 PMCID: PMC9933859 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer and has reactive amine/hydroxyl groups facilitated its modifications. The purpose of this study is improvement of (CS) physicochemical properties and its capabilities as antiviral and antitumor through modification with 1-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide (3A) or 1-(5-fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide (3B) via crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidylether (PEGDGE) using microwave-assisted as green technique gives (CS-I) and (CS-II) derivatives. However, (CS) derivatives nanoparticles (CS-I NPs) and (CS-II NPs) are synthesized via ionic gelation technique using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Structures of new (CS) derivatives are characterized using different tools. The anticancer, antiviral efficiencies and molecular docking of (CS) and its derivatives are assayed. (CS) derivatives and its nanoparticles show enhancement in cell inhibition toward (HepG-2 and MCF-7) cancer cells in comparison with (CS). (CS-II NPs) reveals the lowest IC50 values are 92.70 ± 2.64 μg/mL and 12.64 µ g/mL against (HepG-2) cell and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) respectively and the best binding affinity toward corona virus protease receptor (PDB ID 6LU7) -5.71 kcal / mol. Furthermore, (CS-I NPs) shows the lowest cell viability% 14.31 ± 1.48 % and the best binding affinity -9.98 kcal/moL against (MCF-7) cell and receptor (PDB ID 1Z11) respectively. Results of this study demonstrated that (CS) derivatives and its nanoparticles could be potentially employed for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University (O6U), October 6 City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mansoura I. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis Post Cod. No. 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza T. Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University (O6U), October 6 City, Giza 12585, Egypt,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University(O6U), Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Farag F. Sherbiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt,Department of Chemistry, Basic Science Center and Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry College of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Al-Motamayez District, 6th of the October City 77, Egypt
| | - Nadia G. Kandile
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis Post Cod. No. 11757, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemat M. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis Post Cod. No. 11757, Cairo, Egypt
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Da Rocha J, Mustafa SK, Jagnandan A, Ahmad MA, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Krebs de Souza C. Development of active and biodegradable film of ternary-based for food application. POTRAVINARSTVO 2023. [DOI: 10.5219/1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of plastic packaging in protecting food is quite appreciable, but its non-biodegradable characteristic raises concerns about environmental impacts. This has drawn attention to the development of alternative materials for food packaging from bio-based polymers. Chitosan, a polysaccharide with biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic properties, is widely used in the formulation of food films. The objective of this work was to create a biodegradable and sustainable chitosan-based film whose active and intelligent action is obtained from red cabbage anthocyanins and the addition of propolis. The edible film’s thickness and total polyphenol content were 61.0 ±0.1μm and 20.08 ±0.5 mgAG g-1, respectively. The content of phenolic compounds and the biodegradation showed significant results (p <0.05), besides the good thermal stability to 200 °C and transparency. The proposed formulation developed an edible, biodegradable, and active (antioxidant) film with interesting heat-sealing resistance, moisture barrier and gas transfer, which contributes to increasing food shelf life.
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Tang W, Zhang A, Cheng Y, Dessie W, Liao Y, Chen H, Qin Z, Wang X, Jin X. Fabrication and application of chitosan-based biomass composites with fire safety, water treatment and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:266-276. [PMID: 36336155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a biomass composite material (CS@NC@PA-Na) was prepared from chitosan (CS), nano-cellulose (NC) and sodium phytate (PA-Na). The prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fire/water safety and antimicrobial properties of the CS@NC@PA-Na were fully studied. The results indicated CS@NC@PA-Na (50 mg) could effectively reduce the concentration of methyl orange by 85 % under 30 min adsorption. Meanwhile, only 5 wt% CS@NC@PA-Na could increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of epoxy resin composite from 24.5 to 30.1 %, and decrease the peak heat/smoke release rate by 29.5 and 33.3 %, respectively. Moreover, CS@NC@PA-Na also exhibited excellent antibacterial effect. This work provides an efficient, feasible and eco-friendly route for large-scale production of multi-functional CS-based biomass materials that could be used in the fields of fire safety and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufei Tang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Aozheng Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Youwei Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Yunhui Liao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen 863 New Material and Technology Co, Ltd, Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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11
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Ding Y, Jiang Y, Zhong Y, Wang D, Deng Y, Meng F, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang C. Preparation of garlic stem cellulose nanocrystal/leaf extract/chitosan film for black garlic preservation by electrostatic spraying. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:518-525. [PMID: 36395950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel active chitosan (CH) packaging film that incorporates garlic leaf extract (GL) and stem cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was prepared. The addition of CNC to the CH film increased its tensile strength, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and water/oxygen barrier and decreased its water contact angle and weight-loss rate, while the addition of GL greatly enhanced its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. SEM and AFM analyses showed that the CNC agglomerates and deposits in the lower layer and the surface roughness of the film was the highest at 1.2 % concentration. The optimal composition of the film was determined to be 0.8 % CNC and 4 % GL by the fuzzy mathematics evaluation method. Then, black garlic was preserved with the optimized coating by electrostatic spraying and was found to slow water loss and migration, while its excellent antioxidant activities decreased the degree of browning during 90 d of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Ding
- Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yongli Jiang
- Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yu Zhong
- Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Fanbing Meng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuncheng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Eryuan County Inspection and Testing Institute, Yunnan 671299, China
| | - Chunrong Zhang
- Eryuan County Inspection and Testing Institute, Yunnan 671299, China
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12
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Thermally-induced crosslinking altering the properties of chitosan films: Structure, physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Zhang X, Guo H, Luo W, Chen G, Xiao N, Xiao G, Liu C. Development of functional hydroxyethyl cellulose-based composite films for food packaging applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:989893. [PMID: 36246371 PMCID: PMC9557200 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.989893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-based functional composite films can be a good substitute for conventional plastic packaging to ensure food safety. In this study, the semi-transparent, mechanical strengthened, UV-shielding, antibacterial and biocompatible films were developed from hydroxyethyl cellulose Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) were respectively used as reinforcing agent and antibacterial agent, and chemical cross-linking among these three components were constructed using epichlorohydrin The maximum tensile strength and elongation at break were 95.9 ± 4.1 MPa and 148.8 ± 2.6%, respectively. TG-FTIR and XRD analyses indicated that chemical structure of the composite films could be well controlled by varying component proportion. From UV-Vis analysis, the optimum values of the percentage of blocking from UV-A and UV-B and ultraviolet protection factor values were 98.35%, 99.99% and 60.25, respectively. Additionally, the composite films exhibited good water vapor permeability, swelling behavior, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. In terms of these properties, the shelf life of grapes could be extended to 6 days after packing with the composite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqi Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojian Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naiyu Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naiyu Xiao, ; Gengsheng Xiao, ; Chuanfu Liu,
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Specialty Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naiyu Xiao, ; Gengsheng Xiao, ; Chuanfu Liu,
| | - Chuanfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naiyu Xiao, ; Gengsheng Xiao, ; Chuanfu Liu,
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14
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Batta-Mpouma J, Kandhola G, Sakon J, Kim JW. Covalent Crosslinking of Colloidal Cellulose Nanocrystals for Multifunctional Nanostructured Hydrogels with Tunable Physicochemical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4085-4096. [PMID: 36166819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have shown promise for the development of multifunctional materials for many research communities, ranging from bioresource engineering and biomedical engineering to materials science and engineering. However, accessible hydroxyl (OH) groups on the surface of colloidal CNCs at the (11̅0)β/(100)α and (110)β/(010)α facets and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding (H-bonds) between these OH groups account for the instability of self-assembled CNC structures in moist environments, limiting their practical uses to dry media. In this work, accessible OH groups of CNCs were crosslinked using two crosslinkers, that is, glutaraldehyde (GA) and epichlorohydrin (EC), to form nanoparticle-based hydrogels with tunable physicochemical properties. The intensity of the intermolecular H-bonds was controlled by the type and concentration of crosslinkers as well as the CNC concentration. Rheological analyses through the loss tangent were used to determine the degree of crosslinking with maximal values beyond 90%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that H-bond intensity was inversely proportional to the degree of crosslinking for both GA and EC, indicating a dissimilar crosslinking mechanism for GA and EC in acidic and alkaline pH conditions, respectively. Atomic force microscopy and wettability analyses showed a significant increase in the surface roughness from 3.2 ± 0.41 nm (pure CNC) to 31.5 ± 1.08 nm (CNCs crosslinked by GA) and 23.8 ± 0.14 nm (CNCs crosslinked by EC) and water contact angle from 13° (pure CNC) to 108° (CNCs crosslinked by GA) and 104° (CNCs crosslinked by EC). Moreover, optimum water absorption values were found at 157.67 ± 2.01 g and 173.59 ± 1.26 g of water for 1 g of freeze-dried hydrogels for 10% GA and 1% EC, respectively. The results aligned with reaction conditions that led to maximal degrees of crosslinking and indicated the transformation of surface chemistry from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic network as well as tunable topology and aqueous stability of self-assembled structures made from crosslinked CNCs. This technology demonstrated the potential of crosslinked CNCs with tunable physicochemical properties for use as advanced building blocks to produce 2D and 3D structures for their related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Batta-Mpouma
- Bio/Nano Technology Group, Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.,Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.,Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Gurshagan Kandhola
- Bio/Nano Technology Group, Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.,Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Joshua Sakon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Bio/Nano Technology Group, Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.,Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States.,Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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15
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Ren W, Qiang T, Chen L. Recyclable and biodegradable pectin-based film with high mechanical strength. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Attempt to Extend the Shelf-Life of Fish Products by Means of Innovative Double-Layer Active Biodegradable Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091717. [PMID: 35566883 PMCID: PMC9104978 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to produce, innovative and, at the same time, environmentally-friendly, biopolymer double-layer films with fish processing waste and active lingonberry extract as additives. These double-layered films were based on furcellaran (FUR) (1st layer) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a gelatin hydrolysate (HGEL) (2nd layer). The aim of the study was to assess their impact on the durability of perishable salmon fillets during storage, and to evaluate their degree of biodegradation. The fillets were analyzed for changes in microbiological quality (total microbial count, yeast and molds, and psychrotrophic bacteria), biogenic amine content (HPLC), and lipid oxidation (peroxidase and acid values, TBARS). The degree of biodegradation includes analysis of film and compost chemical composition solubility, respiratory activity, and ecotoxicity testing. The obtained results allow to suggest that active films are not only bacteriostatic, but even bactericidal when they used to coat fish fillets. Concerning the group of samples covered with the double-layer films, a 19.42% lower total bacteria count was noted compared to the control samples. Furthermore, it can be observed that the applied double-layer films have a potentially strong inhibitory effect on the accumulation of biogenic amines in fish, which is correlated with its antimicrobial effect (the total biogenic amine content for control samples totaled 263.51 mg/kg, while for the double-layer samples, their value equaled: 164.90 mg/kg). The achieved results indicate a high biodegradation potential, however, a too low pH of the film results in limiting seed germination and growth. Despite that, of these, double-layer films are a technology that has applicative potential.
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17
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Effects of anthocyanin-rich Kadsura coccinea extract on the physical, antioxidant, and pH-sensitive properties of biodegradable film. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Pal K, Sarkar P, Anis A, Wiszumirska K, Jarzębski M. Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5549. [PMID: 34639945 PMCID: PMC8509663 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article presents a review of the literature on the use of polysaccharide bionanocomposites in the context of their potential use as food packaging materials. Composites of this type consist of at least two phases, of which the outer phase is a polysaccharide, and the inner phase (dispersed phase) is an enhancing agent with a particle size of 1-100 nm in at least one dimension. The literature review was carried out using data from the Web of Science database using VosViewer, free software for scientometric analysis. Source analysis concluded that polysaccharides such as chitosan, cellulose, and starch are widely used in food packaging applications, as are reinforcing agents such as silver nanoparticles and cellulose nanostructures (e.g., cellulose nanocrystals and nanocellulose). The addition of reinforcing agents improves the thermal and mechanical stability of the polysaccharide films and nanocomposites. Here we highlighted the nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles, which exhibited antimicrobial properties. Finally, it can be concluded that polysaccharide-based nanocomposites have sufficient properties to be tested as food packaging materials in a wide spectrum of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Preetam Sarkar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Arfat Anis
- SABIC Polymer Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Karolina Wiszumirska
- Department of Industrial Products and Packaging Quality, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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19
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Alvarado N, Abarca RL, Linares-Flores C. Two Fascinating Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Starch. Some Prominent Characterizations for Applying as Eco-Friendly Food Packaging and Pollutant Remover in Aqueous Medium. Progress in Recent Years: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1737. [PMID: 34073343 PMCID: PMC8198307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The call to use biodegradable, eco-friendly materials is urgent. The use of biopolymers as a replacement for the classic petroleum-based materials is increasing. Chitosan and starch have been widely studied with this purpose: to be part of this replacement. The importance of proper physical characterization of these biopolymers is essential for the intended application. This review focuses on characterizations of chitosan and starch, approximately from 2017 to date, in one of their most-used applications: food packaging for chitosan and as an adsorbent agent of pollutants in aqueous medium for starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alvarado
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel 8900000, Chile
| | - Romina L. Abarca
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Cristian Linares-Flores
- Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Procesos Sustentables, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel 8900000, Chile;
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