1
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Sun L, Ding L, Guo X, Wang Y, Liu X, Ren Y, Li Y. "One for two" strategy to construct an organic-inorganic polymer colloid for flame-retardant modification of flax fabric and rigid polyurethane foam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133562. [PMID: 38955299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials such as fabric and foam have high flammability which limits their application in the field of fire protection. To this end, an organic-inorganic polymer colloid constructed from carboxymethyl chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate was used to improve the flame retardancy of flax fabric (FF) and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) based on a "one for two" strategy. The modification processes of FF and RPUF relied on pad-dry-cure method and UV-curing technology, respectively, and the modified FF and RPUF were severally designated as CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF. Flame retardancy studies showed that CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF exhibited limiting oxygen index values as high as 39.4 % and 42.6 %, respectively, and both achieved self-extinguishing behavior when external ignition source was removed. Thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry test confirmed that CMC/APP-FF and RFR-RPUF had good charring ability and demonstrated reduced peak heat release rate values of 90.1 % and 10.8 %, respectively, distinct from before they were modified. In addition, condensed phase analysis showed that after burning, CMC/APP-FF became an integration char structure, whereas RFR-RPUF turned into a sandwiched char structure. In summary, the "one for two" strategy reported in this work provides a new insight into the economical fabrication of flame-retardant polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Lan Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Science and Technology Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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2
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Wang Y, Ren J, Ou M, Piao J, Lian R, Cui J, Guan H, Jiao C, Chen X. Construction of composite self-assembly coating based on chitosan for enhancing the flame-retardant and antibacterial performances of cotton fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133355. [PMID: 38945711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the step-by-step dip-coating (SBS) method was used to effectively improve the drawback of LBL by reducing the construction of a multilayer polyelectrolyte. Bio-based flame retardants, phytic acid (PA), and chitosan (CS) were further self-assembly on the surface of cotton fabric treated by epichlorohydrin-modified aramid nanofibers (AEP), ionic liquid (IL), and Cu ion. The pure cotton fabric was immersed in each dipping liquid only once, improving fire safety and antibacterial performance. The treated cotton self-extinguished with a 59 mm char length in the vertical flammability test, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased from 18.5 % to 38.5 %. The result of the cone calorimeter test (CCT) revealed that the fire hazard of flame-retardant cotton noteworthy declined (e.g., ~44.1 % and 55.4 % decline in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release rate (THR)). Conspicuously, the treated cotton exhibited a remarkably inhibiting effect on E. coli and S. aureus activity. The cotton fabric after flame-retardant finishing exhibited excellent fire safety and antibacterial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Jinyong Ren
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Mingyu Ou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Junxiu Piao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Richeng Lian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Haocun Guan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China.
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China.
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3
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Malucelli G. Bio-Sourced Flame Retardants for Textiles: Where We Are and Where We Are Going. Molecules 2024; 29:3067. [PMID: 38999018 PMCID: PMC11243121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
After the period of halogenated compounds, the period of nano-structured systems, and that of phosphorus (and nitrogen)-based additives (still in progress), following the increasingly demanding circular economy concept, about ten years ago the textile flame retardant world started experiencing the design and exploitation of bio-sourced products. Indeed, since the demonstration of the potential of such bio(macro)molecules as whey proteins, milk proteins (i.e., caseins), and nucleic acids as effective flame retardants, both natural and synthetic fibers and fabrics can take advantage of the availability of several low-environmental impact/"green" compounds, often recovered from wastes or by-products, which contain all the elements that typically compose standard flame-retardant recipes. The so-treated textiles often exhibit flame-retardant features that are similar to those provided by conventional fireproof treatments. Further, the possibility of using the same deposition techniques already available in the textile industry makes these products very appealing, considering that the application methods usually do not require hazardous or toxic chemicals. This review aims to present an overview of the development of bio-sourced flame retardants, focusing attention on the latest research outcomes, and finally discussing some current challenging issues related to their efficient application, paving the way toward further future implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Malucelli
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
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4
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Yan C, Yang M, Cao J, Zhao Y, Yu C, Zhao HB, Rao W. Bio-based phytic acid/amino acid complex coating for antimicrobial and flame-retardant cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132135. [PMID: 38719000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, a novel multifunctional coating containing bio-based phytic acid (PA), L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) is constructed by a simple soaking strategy, giving cotton fabrics excellent flame retardancy, washability, and antibacterial properties. The coating layer on the cotton surface was prepared via the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding between PA and L-Glu, accompanied by the interface polymerization between PA, L-Glu, and TMC. Among them, the limiting oxygen index value of the treated cotton fabrics (C2 and C2-TMC) was as high as 40 %. During the vertical flammability test, both C2 and C2-TMC cotton showed self-extinguished behavior with a short damaged length (≤50 mm). Remarkably, the LOI of C2-TMC sustained a high value (30 %) even after 300 laundering cycles, maintaining its self-extinguishing behavior in the vertical combustion test. Additionally, in the cone calorimetry test, peak heat release rate and total heat release of treated cotton were lower than control cotton. Surprisingly, after 30 or 60 laundering cycles, the C2-TMC cotton exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans due to the continuous exposure of PA and L-Glu. Moreover, the coating layer on the cotton surface had little impact on the mechanical properties and feel of the fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshu Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Meini Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiatao Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenhui Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT), Guilin 541004, China.
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Malucelli G. Nanostructured Flame-Retardant Layer-by-Layer Architectures for Cotton Fabrics: The Current State of the Art and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:858. [PMID: 38786814 PMCID: PMC11123715 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology represents a well-established approach, suitable for designing, producing, and applying materials to a broad range of advanced sectors. In this context, the use of well-suited "nano" approaches accounted for a big step forward in conferring optimized flame-retardant features to such a cellulosic textile material as cotton, considering its high ease of flammability, yearly production, and extended use. Being a surface-localized phenomenon, the flammability of cotton can be quite simply and effectively controlled by tailoring its surface through the deposition of nano-objects, capable of slowing down the heat and mass transfer from and to the textile surroundings, which accounts for flame fueling and possibly interacting with the propagating radicals in the gas phase. In this context, the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach has definitively demonstrated its reliability and effectiveness in providing cotton with enhanced flame-retardant features, through the formation of fully inorganic or hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructured assemblies on the fabric surface. Therefore, the present work aims to summarize the current state of the art related to the use of nanostructured LbL architectures for cotton flame retardancy, offering an overview of the latest research outcomes that often highlight the multifunctional character of the deposited assemblies and discussing the current limitations and some perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-0131229369
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Lu S, Chen X, Zhang B, Lu Z, Jiang W, Fang X, Li J, Liu B, Ding T, Xu Y. Synergistic Modification of Polyformaldehyde by Biobased Calcium Magnesium Bi-Ionic Melamine Phytate with Intumescent Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:614. [PMID: 38475298 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) are mainly composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (ME), and some macromolecular char-forming agents. The traditional IFR still has some defects in practical application, such as poor compatibility with the matrix and low flame-retardant efficiency. In order to explore the best balance between flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame-retardant polyformaldehyde (POM) composite, a biobased calcium magnesium bi-ionic melamine phytate (DPM) synergist was prepared based on renewable biomass polyphosphate phytic acid (PA), and its synergistic system with IFRs was applied to an intumescent flame-retardant POM system. POM/IFR systems can only pass the V-1 grade of the vertical combustion test (UL-94) if they have a limited oxygen index (LOI) of only 48.5%. When part of an IFR was replaced by DPM, the flame retardancy of the composite was significantly improved, and the POM/IFR/4 wt%DPM system reached the V-0 grade of UL-94, and the LOI reached 59.1%. Compared with pure POM, the PkHRR and THR of the POM/IFR/4 wt%DPM system decreased by 61.5% and 51.2%, respectively. Compared with the POM/IFR system, the PkHRR and THR of the POM/IFR/4 wt%DPM system were decreased by 20.8% and 27.5%, respectively, and carbon residue was increased by 37.2%. The mechanical properties of the composite also showed a continuous upward trend with the increase in DPM introduction. It is shown that the introduction of DPM not only greatly reduces the heat release rate and heat release amount of the intumescent flame-retardant POM system, reducing the fire hazard, but it also effectively improves the compatibility between the filler and the matrix and improves the mechanical properties of the composite. It provides a new approach for developing a new single-component multifunctional flame retardant or synergist for intumescent flame-retardant POM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Lu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhehong Lu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jiantong Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Baoying Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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7
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Ning Y, Liu R, Chi W, An X, Zhu Q, Xu S, Wang L. A chitosan derivative/phytic acid polyelectrolyte complex endowing polyvinyl alcohol film with high barrier, flame-retardant, and antibacterial effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129240. [PMID: 38191105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Films with high barrier, flame-retardant, and antibacterial properties are beneficial in terms of food and logistics safety. Herein, a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of N-(2-hydroxyl)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC, chitosan derivative) and phytic acid (PA) was successfully prepared and then incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to fabricate a composite film with satisfactory barrier, fire-retardant, and antibacterial properties. The influence of HTCC/PA (HTPA) on the structural, physical and functional properties of the PVA matrix was investigated. Compared with the PVA film, PVA-HTPA6 film exhibited 3.38 times of flexibility and 83.33 % and 80.64 % of water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability, respectively. Benefiting from HTPA, the PVA-HTPA6 film exhibited outstanding flame-retardant capacity, with a high LOI value (33.30 %) and immediate self-extinguishing behaviour. Furthermore, the HTPA endowed the films with excellent antibacterial properties. Compared with other films, the PVA-HTPA6 film effectively maintained the quality of pork during storage at 4 °C for 9 days. Our findings indicate that the films are promising for packaging and logistics safety with oil-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ning
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ruoting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Wenrui Chi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xinyu An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qihao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shiyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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8
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Kong Z, Chen Y, Qian L. The synergistic flame retardant effect of biobased phytic acid arginine salt and hydroxylated montmorillonite in polybutylenes succinate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128033. [PMID: 37956808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, hydroxylated nano montmorillonite (DK2) was used as a synergistic agent in combination with phytic acid arginine salt (PaArg). The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PBS with different amounts of PaArg and DK2 were studied. Furthermore, the synergistic effect and mechanism of PaArg and DK2 in PBS were explored. The results showed that adding 23.5 % PaArg and 1.5 % DK2 increased the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) of the composite to 31.4 %, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating. By adding 25 % PaArg alone, the LOI value of the composite is 26.2 %, and the vertical burning test result is only V-2 rating. The cone calorimetry test results show that the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate, and total smoke production of PBS/23.5 % PaArg/1.5 % DK2 composite are 55.8 %, 17.1 %, and 44.7 % lower than those of PBS/25 % PaArg composite, respectively. All the results showed that PaArg and DK2 exhibited good synergistic flame retardancy in PBS. In addition, the impact strength and bending strength test results show that the impact strength and bending strength of PBS/23.5 %PaArg/1.5 %DK2 composite are higher than those of PBS/25%PaArg composite. This work improved the flame retardant efficiency of biobased flame retardants in PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
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9
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Lu T, Han X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Lu S. Multi-functional bio-film based on sisal cellulose nanofibres and carboxymethyl chitosan with flame retardancy, water resistance, and self-cleaning for fire alarm sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124740. [PMID: 37150370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and environmentally friendly bio-based films have attracted significant attention as next-generation fire-responsive sensors. However, the low structural stability, durability, and flame retardancy of pure bio-based films limit their application in outdoor and extreme environments. Here, we report the design of a sustainable bio-based composite film assembled from carboxymethyl-modified sisal fibre microcrystals (C-MSF), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), graphene nanosheets (GNs), phytic acid (PA), and trivalent iron ions (Fe3+). Cross-linking between Fe3+ and the C-MSF/CMC matrix and the formation of PA-Fe3+ complexes on the surface of the film imparted excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, self-cleaning ability, and flame retardancy to the bio-film. Furthermore, the bio-film produced a reversible and sensitive response to temperature at 55.3-214.1 °C, and a fire alarm system made from the bio-film had a fire-response time of 4.6 s. In addition, the char layer of the bio-film retained a stable cyclic response to temperature, enabling it to serve as a fire resurgence sensor with a response time of 2.3 s and recovery time of 11.2 s. This work provides a simple pathway for the fabrication of self-cleaning, flame retardant, and water-resistant bio-films that can be assembled into fire alarm systems for the real-time monitoring of fire accidents and resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaokun Han
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Zuocai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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10
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Zhang X, Yuan D, Sun S, Li H, Wang Z, Xie H. Study on the thermal stability and combustion performance of polyurethane foams modified with manganese phytate. INT POLYM PROC 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A new environmental friendly flame retardant manganese phytate (MnPa) was prepared by a direct precipitation method and the polyurethane foam (PUF) modified with MnPa was obtained by a one-step all-water foaming method. The thermal stability and combustion performance of the MnPa-modified PUF (MnPUF) were investigated by using thermogravimetric (TG), thermal decomposition kinetics, smoke density characterization, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 horizontal combustion test. The results indicated that the addition of MnPa significantly improved the thermal stability and combustion performance of the modified PUF. On the basis of the thermogravimetric analysis, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, Kissinger method and Coats Redfern method, it could be concluded that PUF with 7.5 wt% MnPa (MnPUF3) had the highest activation energy and the best thermal stability. Smoke density analysis, LOI and horizontal combustion analysis also showed that the addition of MnPa was positively correlated with smoke suppression, LOI value and burning time. The current research results can provide a reference for the subsequent flame retardant modification of PUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
- School of Safety Engineering , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
| | - Dehe Yuan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
- School of Safety Engineering , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
| | - Simiao Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
- School of Safety Engineering , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
| | - Handong Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
- School of Safety Engineering , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
- School of Safety Engineering , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
| | - Hua Xie
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
- School of Safety Engineering , Shenyang Aerospace University , Shenyang 110136 , China
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Liang Y, Jian H, Deng C, Xu J, Liu Y, Park H, Wen M, Sun Y. Research and Application of Biomass-Based Wood Flame Retardants: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040950. [PMID: 36850233 PMCID: PMC9966695 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood is widely used as a construction material due to its many advantages, such as good mechanical properties, low production costs, and renewability. However, its flammability limits its use in construction. To solve the problem of wood flammability, the most common method to improve the fire safety of wood is to modify the wood by deep impregnation or surface coating with flame retardants. Therefore, many researchers have found that environmentally friendly and low-cost biomass materials can be used as a source of green flame retardants. Two aspects of biomass-based intumescent flame retardants are summarized in this paper. On the one hand, biomass is used as one of the three sources or as a flame-retardant synergist in combination with other flame retardants, which are called composite biomass intumescent flame retardants. On the other hand, biomass is used alone as a feedstock to produce all-biomass intumescent flame retardants. In addition, the potential of biomass-based materials as an environmentally friendly and low-cost FR source to produce high-performance biomass-based flame retardants with improved technology was also discussed in detail. The development of biomass-based intumescent flame retardants represents a viable and promising approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly production of biomass-based flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liang
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hao Jian
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Junxian Xu
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Heejun Park
- Department of Housing Environmental Design, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Wen
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaoxing Sun
- Department of Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (Y.S.)
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Vishwakarma A, Singh M, Weclawski B, Reddy VJ, Kandola BK, Manik G, Dasari A, Chattopadhyay S. Construction of hydrophobic fire retardant coating on cotton fabric using a layer-by-layer spray coating method. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1653-1666. [PMID: 36354078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional cotton fabric was prepared through a two-step layer-by-layer spray coating method, where the first layer of the coating comprising chitosan and ammonium phytate provided fire retardancy, and the second one with PDMS-ZnO composite imparted hydrophobicity to the fabric. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was carried out to calculate interfacial adhesion of different components of the coating, based on which the sequencing of the coating layers was determined and used to prepare coated samples. The coated fabric demonstrated a significant improvement in fire retardancy through an increase in LOI from 18 % in control to 30 %, a reduction in char length from 30 cm to 7 cm, and a decrease in peak and total heat release rate values by 75 % and 33 %, respectively. The hydrophobicity of coated fabric was tested via water drop test where coated sample maintained a contact angle of 148° for up to 120 s, while the control sample showed 0°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vishwakarma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Bartosz Weclawski
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK
| | | | - Baljinder K Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Aravind Dasari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (Blk. N4.1), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639789, Singapore
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India.
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Li Y, Sun L, Wang H, Wang S, Jin X, Lu Z, Dong C. A novel composite coating containing P/N/B and bio-based compounds for flame retardant modification of polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Guo Y, Zuo C, Tan W, Liu Y, Jiang L, Yu D, Ren Y, Liu X. Fabricating flame retardant polyacrylonitrile fibers modified by sodium lignosulfonate and copper ions. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jiang Q, Li P, Liu Y, Zhu P. Phytic Acid-Iron/Laponite Coatings for Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Antidripping and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169145. [PMID: 36012407 PMCID: PMC9408875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is severely limited due to its flammability and dripping, which can easily cause major fire hazards. Therefore, choosing an appropriate flame retardant to solve this problem is an urgent need. A coating was prepared on the FPUF surface by dipping with phytic acid (PA), Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O, and laponite (LAP). The influence of PA-Fe/LAP coating on FPUF flame-retardant performance was explored by thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion behavior, and smoke density analysis. FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP has a good performance in the small fire test, which can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index reaches 24.5%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate values and maximum smoke density of FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP are reduced by 38.7% and 38.5% compared with those of neat FPUF. After applying PA-Fe/LAP coating, the value of fire growth rate index decreases from 10.5 kW/(m2·s) to 5.1 kW/(m2·s), dramatically reducing the fire risk. Encouragingly, the effect of PA-Fe/LAP coating on cyclic compression and permanent deformation is small, which is close to that of neat FPUF. This work provides an effective strategy for making a flame-retardant FPUF with antidripping and keeping mechanical properties.
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