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Effect of Recycling on the Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235257. [PMID: 36501651 PMCID: PMC9739183 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research the effect of physical recycling on the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of polypropylene (PP)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was investigated. After melt homogenization by extrusion, specimens were injection moulded with 0.1 and 0.5 wt% MWCNT content. The recycling process was simulated by multiple grinding and re-moulding, then we compared the behavior of original and recycled PP/MWCNT composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements proved that MWCNT had double the effect on the morphology of the PP matrix: on the one hand nucleating effect can be detected because 0.5 wt% MWCNT increased the onset temperature of crystallization by 10 °C, compared to the basic PP material; on the other hand, the crystalline fraction of the recycled composite materials decreased compared to the original PP material with the same MWCNT content. This resulted in a slight decrease in strength and stiffness but an increase in elongation at break. However, compared to the original unreinforced PP reference, even the recycled materials have better properties. The mechanical test results showed that recycled PP/MWCNT 0.5 wt% increased the elastic modulus (~15%) and decreased the tensile strain at yield (~10%). However, in the values of tensile stress at yield, relevant difference was not found. It was also shown by oscillatory rheometry that MWCNT had a significant effect on the rheological properties (storage and loss modulus, complex viscosity) of PP compounds in a wide temperature range (190-230 °C).
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2
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Metallocene Polyolefins Reinforced by Low-Entanglement UHMWPE through Interfacial Entanglements. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9344096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
By introducing low-entanglement UHMWPE, the mechanical properties of polyolefins are improved to varying degrees. For polypropylene, the lack of interaction between UHMWPE and polypropylene results in an unsatisfactory reinforcement effect, and the disentangled state makes it easier for the particles to form defects driven by a chain explosion. In contrast, regarding polyethylene and elastomer containing ethylene segments, low-entanglement UHMWPE plays a better role in reinforcement. A series of measurements including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical measurement were used to investigate the mechanisms for the different enhancement effects. It originates from interdiffusion and entanglement forming of polyethylene segments across the interface, endowing the material with different aggregated and defect structures. For instance, EPDM possesses a higher optimal dosage of UHMWPE particles reflected in good interfacial interdiffusion with UHMWPE particles, leading to significant optimized mechanical performance.
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3
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Zhao Z, Zhou S, Quan L, Xia W, Fan Q, Zhang P, Chen Y, Tang D. Polypropylene Composites with Ultrahigh Low-Temperature Toughness by Tuning the Phase Morphology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Zhao
- National and Local Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environment Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong723000, China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Lijun Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, China
| | - Weilong Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, China
| | - Qian Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an710072, China
| | - Dahang Tang
- Central Research Institute, Kingfa Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Huangpu, Guangdong510663, China
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4
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Miscibility of isotactic polypropylene with random and block ethylene-octene copolymers studied by atomic force microscopy-infrared. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Doan TTL, Müller MT, Nguyen HM. Effects of different polyolefin copolymers on properties of melt mixed polypropylene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Loan Doan
- The University of Danang ‐ University of Science and Technology Da Nang Vietnam
| | | | - Hoang M. Nguyen
- The University of Danang ‐ University of Science and Technology Da Nang Vietnam
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6
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Góra M, Tranchida D, Albrecht A, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Fast successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) thermal fractionation protocol for the characterization of polyolefin blends from mechanical recycling. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Góra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università degli studi di Genova Genoa Italy
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters Linz Austria
| | | | | | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Donostia‐San Sebastian Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università degli studi di Genova Genoa Italy
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7
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Charfeddine I, Majesté J, Carrot C, Lhost O. Surface tension and interfacial tension of polyolefins and polyolefin blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Charfeddine
- Univ Lyon, UJM‐Saint‐Etienne, CNRS, IMP UMR5223 Saint‐Etienne France
- TOTAL Research and Technology Feluy Belgium
| | | | - Christian Carrot
- Univ Lyon, UJM‐Saint‐Etienne, CNRS, IMP UMR5223 Saint‐Etienne France
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8
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Crystallization behavior and structure of metallocene polyethylene with long-chain branch. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Esmaili M, Eldeeb MA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Current Developments in Native Nanometric Discoidal Membrane Bilayer Formed by Amphipathic Polymers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1771. [PMID: 34361157 PMCID: PMC8308186 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unlike cytosolic proteins, membrane proteins (MPs) are embedded within the plasma membrane and the lipid bilayer of intracellular organelles. MPs serve in various cellular processes and account for over 65% of the current drug targets. The development of membrane mimetic systems such as bicelles, short synthetic polymers or amphipols, and membrane scaffold proteins (MSP)-based nanodiscs has facilitated the accommodation of synthetic lipids to stabilize MPs, yet the preparation of these membrane mimetics remains detergent-dependent. Bio-inspired synthetic polymers present an invaluable tool for excision and liberation of superstructures of MPs and their surrounding annular lipid bilayer in the nanometric discoidal assemblies. In this article, we discuss the significance of self-assembling process in design of biomimetic systems, review development of multiple series of amphipathic polymers and the significance of these polymeric "belts" in biomedical research in particular in unraveling the structures, dynamics and functions of several high-value membrane protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoore Esmaili
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mohamed A. Eldeeb
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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10
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Bridging the gap between rubbers and plastics: a review on thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Muñoz‐Pascual S, Saiz‐Arroyo C, Vananroye A, Moldenaers P, Rodriguez‐Perez MA. Effect of the elastomer viscosity on the morphology and impact behavior of injection molded foams based on blends of polypropylene and polyolefin elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Muñoz‐Pascual
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat) Condesed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | | | - Anja Vananroye
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Miguel Angel Rodriguez‐Perez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat) Condesed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
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12
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Gopi S, Ramsay BA, Ramsay JA, Kontopoulou M. Preparation, Characterization and Processing of PCL/PHO Blends by 3D Bioplotting. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gopi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - B. A. Ramsay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J. A. Ramsay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M. Kontopoulou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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13
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Ge Q, Ding L, Zhang C, Wu T, Yang F, Xiang M. The effect of microstructure on the toughness of polypropylene random copolymer. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Bodley MW, Parent JS. AOTEMPO-mediated dynamic vulcanization: Synthesis of impact-modified polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Bodley
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. Scott Parent
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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15
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Silva J, Elias M, Lima N, Canevarolo S. Morphology in Multilayer Blown Films of Polypropylene and Ethylene-Octene Copolymer Blends. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work the microstructure of multilayer blown films consisting of a core layer placed between two external ones is studied. The core layer is a blend with 70 ° (w/w) of a homopolypropylene PP and 30 ° of a metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-octene copolymer mEOC (LLDPE or VLDPE), whereas the external symmetrical layers are composed of LLDPE or they have the same composition as the core layer. The PP and PE crystalline phases formed during the film blowing were investigated by thermal analysis, mechanical properties, TEM morphology and X-ray diffraction pole figures. These films successfully combine the high mechanical strength of PP with the quasi-isotropic behavior of blown PE. Multilayer film containing PP/mEOC blends, particularly blends of PP70/LLDPE30, show better balanced tensile properties when compared at crossed directions. The presence of VLDPE in the blends shifts downwards the melting and crystallization temperatures and crystallinity of PP. X-Ray pole figures suggest the occurrence of epitaxial crystallization of the PE phase upon the PP crystals in these PP/mEOC blend films.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Silva
- Department of Materials Engineering , Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - M. Elias
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering , Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - N. Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares , CCTM, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - S. Canevarolo
- Department of Materials Engineering , Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo , Brazil
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16
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Vervoort S, den Doelder J, Tocha E, Genoyer J, Walton K, Hu Y, Munro J, Jeltsch K. Compatibilization of polypropylene-polyethylene blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. den Doelder
- Dow Benelux B.V; The Netherlands
- TU Eindhoven, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Physical Chemistry Lab; The Netherlands
| | - E. Tocha
- Dow Benelux B.V; The Netherlands
| | | | - K.L. Walton
- The Dow Chemical Company; Freeport Texas 77541
| | - Y. Hu
- The Dow Chemical Company; Freeport Texas 77541
| | - J. Munro
- The Dow Chemical Company; Freeport Texas 77541
| | - K. Jeltsch
- Dow Europe GmbH; Horgen 8810 Switzerland
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17
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Zhang Z, Yu F, Zhang H. Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Crystallization Studies of Long Chain Branched Polypropylene Containing Poly(ethylene-co-octene) under Quiescent and Shear Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9060236. [PMID: 30970914 PMCID: PMC6432268 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behaviours of the blends of long chain branched polypropylene (LCB PP) and poly(ethylene-co-octene) (PEOc) with different weight ratios were studied under quiescent and shear flow using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheological measurements. Experimental results showed that the crystallization of the LCB PP/PEOc blends were significantly accelerated due to the existence of the long chain branches (LCBs), the blends being able to rapidly crystallize even at 146 °C. The addition of PEOc that acts as a nucleating agent, could also increase the crystallization rate of LCB PP. However, the crystallization rate of LCB PP was reduced when the PEOc concentration was more than 60 wt %, showing a retarded crystallization growth mechanism. The morphology of the binary blend was changed from a sea-island structure to a co-continuous phase structure when the PEOc concentration was increased from 40 to 60 wt %. In comparison with linear isotactic iPP/PEOc, the interfacial tension between LCB PP and PEOc was increased. In addition, flow-induced crystallization of LCB PP/PEOc blends was observed. Possible crystallization mechanisms for both LCB PP/PEOc and iPP/PEOc blends were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Polymer Dielectrics, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Fengyuan Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Polymer Dielectrics, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Polymer Dielectrics, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Petrie KG, Osazuwa O, Docoslis A, Kontopoulou M. Controlling MWCNT partitioning and electrical conductivity in melt compounded polypropylene/poly(ethylene- co -octene) blends. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Wang B, Zhang HR, Huang C, Xiong L, Luo J, Chen XD. Study on non-isothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene/bacterial cellulose composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has great potential to be used as a new filler in reinforced isotactic polypropylene (iPP) due to its characteristics of high crystallinity, biodegradability and efficient mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
- Taiyuan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
| | - Hai-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Lian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jun Luo
- Guangzhou Fibre Product Testing and Research Institute
- Guangzhou 510220
- China
| | - Xin-de Chen
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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20
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Wang B, Yang D, Zhang HR, Huang C, Xiong L, Luo J, Chen XD. Preparation of Esterified Bacterial Cellulose for Improved Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8040129. [PMID: 30979230 PMCID: PMC6432199 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has great potential to be used as a new filler to reinforce isotactic polypropylene (iPP) due to its high crystallinity, biodegradability, and efficient mechanical properties. In this study, esterification was used to modify BC, which improved the surface compatibility of the iPP and BC. The results indicated that the cellulose octoate (CO) changed the surface properties from hydrophilic to lipophilic. Compared to the pure iPP, the tensile strength, charpy notched impact strength, and tensile modulus of the iPP/BC composites increased by 9.9%, 7.77%, and 15.64%, respectively. However, the addition of CO reinforced the iPP/CO composites. The tensile strength, charpy notched impact strength, and tensile modulus of the iPP/CO composites increased by 14.23%, 14.08%, and 17.82% compared to the pure iPP. However, the elongation at break of both the composites is decreased. The SEM photographs and particle size distribution of the composites showed improvements when the change of polarity of the BC surface, interface compatibility, and dispersion of iPP improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Research and Development Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Hai-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Research and Development Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Research and Development Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Lian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Research and Development Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Guangzhou Fibre Product Testing and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510220, China.
| | - Xin-de Chen
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Research and Development Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Applied Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
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21
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Kang WL, Gong XL, Gai JG. Toughening effect of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and compounded α/β nucleation agents on isotactic polypropylene by different processing methods. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15070056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Bouaziz A, Massardier V, Louizi M, Jaziri M. Reinforcement of polyolefins-based nanocomposites: combination of compatibilizer with high shear extrusion process. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Bouaziz
- INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; Villeurbanne F-69622 Lyon France
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, École nationale d'ingénieurs de Sfax, université de Sfax; 3038 Sfax Tunisie
| | - Valérie Massardier
- INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; Villeurbanne F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Molka Louizi
- INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; Villeurbanne F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Mohamed Jaziri
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, École nationale d'ingénieurs de Sfax, université de Sfax; 3038 Sfax Tunisie
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23
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Jahani Y, Farahani M, Arabi H, Ahmadjo S. The Influence of Copolymerization Condition on Rheology, Morphology and Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene Heterophasic Copolymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1039325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Diop MF, Torkelson JM. Effects of process method and quiescent coarsening on dispersed-phase size distribution in polymer blends: comparison of solid-state shear pulverization with intensive batch melt mixing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Liu X, Miao X, Guo M, Song W, Shao J. Influence of the HDPE molecular weight and content on the morphology and properties of the impact polypropylene copolymer/HDPE blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of the polyolefins blends depend not only on composition but also on morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbo Liu
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Miao
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Guo
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Song
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Shao
- Research Institute of Material Science
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
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26
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Dey P, Naskar K, Dash B, Nair S, Unnikrishnan G, Nando GB. Selective dispersion of carbon fillers into dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends: a thermodynamic approach to evaluate polymer reinforcement and conductivity enhancement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase selective and thermodynamically controlled dispersion of filler particles into the dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends depicting higher abundance of carbon black in the thermoplastic phase with the progressive filler addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Dey
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur – 721302
- India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur – 721302
- India
| | | | | | | | - Golok B. Nando
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur – 721302
- India
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27
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Effect of annealing temperature on low-temperature toughness of β-nucleated polypropylene random copolymer/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Verma P, Choudhary V. Polypropylene random copolymer/MWCNT nanocomposites: Isothermal crystallization kinetics, structural, and morphological interpretations. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Verma
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Veena Choudhary
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
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29
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Sun M, Gao D, Zhang H, Zou H, Xu M, Zhang S, Li J, Liu J. Toughening effects of nucleating agent on impact polypropylene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Sun
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Gao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
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30
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Louizi M, Massardier V, Mélis F, Alcouffe P, Cassagnau P. High Shear Processing of (PP/EPR)/Silica Nanocomposites: Improvement of Morphology and Properties. INT POLYM PROC 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this article is to upgrade the performance of polypropylene/ethylene propylene rubber (PP/EPR) blends by addition of hydrophobic nanosilica (SiR805) and using “high shear processing technology”. The morphological developments, mechanical and rheological properties of these composites were investigated as a function of processing conditions. High shear processing has proved to be an efficient process to decrease the size of the dispersed phase (EPR) up to 300 nm and to disperse finely nanosilica particles to less than 30 nm especially at 800 min−1. Moreover, the morphology stability of the nanocomposite is ascribed to the formation of a core shell structure (EPR nodules = core; nano-silica = shell) and selective location of nanosilica at the interface. More importantly, this core-shell structure is favoured to enhance the impact strength of the (PP/EPR)/3 wt% SiR805 nanocomposite. In agreement to the obtained morphology, the improvement (about 60 %) of elongation at break attests a good adhesion between phases due to high shear effect as highlighted by viscoelastic properties. Therefore, high shear processing technology has proved to be a relevant method to prepare nanocomposites with high performances without adding any additive and offers new perspectives for recycling and lightening structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Louizi
- INSA de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon , France
| | - V. Massardier
- INSA de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon , France
| | - F. Mélis
- Université de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Lyon , France
| | - P. Alcouffe
- Université de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Lyon , France
| | - P. Cassagnau
- Université de Lyon , CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Lyon , France
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31
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Size distribution and anisotropy of the minor phase droplets in polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends: Effects of shear and component miscibility. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Luo F, Zhu Y, Wang K, Deng H, Chen F, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Enhancement of β-nucleated crystallization in polypropylene random copolymer via adding isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Effects of liquid–liquid phase separation on crystallization kinetics and morphology of isotactic polypropylene/poly (ethylene-co-octene) in-reactor alloy. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Mohammadi M, Yousefi AA, Ehsani M. Study of the thermal and mechanical properties of blown films of high- and low-density polyethylene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Kim SG, Leung SN, Park CB, Sain M. The effect of dispersed elastomer particle size on heterogeneous nucleation of TPO with N2 foaming. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Luo F, Wang K, Wang J, Deng H, Zhang Q, Chen F, Fu Q, Na B. Tailoring toughness of injection molded bar of polypropylene random copolymer through processing melt temperature. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Pang Y, Dong X, Zhao Y, Han CC, Wang D. Phase separation induced morphology evolution andcorresponding impact fracture behavior of iPP/PEOc blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Lee S, Kontopoulou M, Park C. Effect of nanosilica on the co-continuous morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic olefin/nanosilica composites using a silane-grafted polypropylene matrix. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Li Z, Kontopoulou M. Evolution of rheological properties and morphology development during crosslinking of polyolefin elastomers and their TPV blends with polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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McCallum TJ, Kontopoulou M, Park CB, Wong A, Kim SG. Effect of branched PP content on the physical properties and cell growth during foaming of TPOs. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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Pang Y, Dong X, Liu K, Han CC, Chen E, Wang D. Ductile–brittle transition controlled by isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene and its blend with poly(ethylene-co-octene). POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Pang Y, Dong X, Zhang X, Liu K, Chen E, Han CC, Wang D. Interplay between crystallization behaviors and extensional deformation of isotactic polypropylene and its blend with poly(ethylene-co-octene). POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Yu F, Zhang H, Zheng H, Yu W, Zhou C. Experimental study of flow-induced crystallization in the blends of isotactic polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-octene). Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Chatzidoukas C, Kanellopoulos V, Kiparissides C. On the Production of Polyolefins with Bimodal Molecular Weight and Copolymer Composition Distributions in Catalytic Gas-Phase Fluidized-Bed Reactors. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Pang Y, Dong X, Zhao Y, Han CC, Wang D. Time evolution of phase structure and corresponding mechanical properties of iPP/PEOc blends in the late-stage phase separation and crystallization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Jiang G, Wu H, Guo S. A Study on Compatibility and Properties of POE/PS/SEBS Ternary Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340701257794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Jiang
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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48
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De La Torre V, Fris JAR, Failla MD, Quinzani LM. Effect of melt annealing on the phase structure and rheological behavior of propylene–ethylene copolymers. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Xu X, Yan X, Zhu T, Zhang C, Sheng J. Phase morphology development of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends: effects of blend composition and processing conditions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-006-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Abreu FOMS, Forte MMDC, Liberman SA. Propriedades mecânicas e morfologia de blendas de polipropileno com Tpes. POLIMEROS 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282006000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blendas de polipropileno e elastômeros termoplásticos (TPEs), estireno-b-butadieno-b-estireno (SBS) e estireno-b-etileno-co-butileno-b-estireno(SEBS) foram preparadas com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do tipo e da concentração do elastômero nas propriedades mecânicas e na morfologia das blendas. Foram utilizados dois tipos de polipropileno, um homopolímero de propileno (PP-H) e um copolímero randômico de propileno-etileno (PP-R), sendo avaliado também o efeito das características da matriz termoplástica. O elastômero termoplástico aumentou a resistência ao impacto do PP, e a variação da rigidez das blendas foi dependente somente da quantidade de TPE adicionada, sendo estas comparativamente mais rígidas que aquelas com igual teor de elastômero convencional, tipo EPDM e EPR. A blenda com melhor balanço rigidez-impacto foi aquela de PP-R com 10% de SEBS. As blendas do copolímero de propileno-etileno com os TPEs apresentaram maior deformação do que aquelas com o homopolímero, devido à natureza menos cristalina da matriz do copolímero de propileno. As blendas tanto do homo quanto do copolímero de propileno com SEBS ficaram mais homogêneas em função da maior afinidade do bloco central poliolefínico EB (etileno-co-butileno) do primeiro com a região amorfa da matriz, sendo esta mais significativa no PP-R.
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