1
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Zhang Z, Li Q, Xu L, Tian W, Li Z. High-Performance Flexible Temperature Sensors Based on Laser-Irradiated Ag-MWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6078-6087. [PMID: 38285619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Recently, flexible temperature sensors have attracted significant interest due to their wide-ranging applications in areas such as biomedical monitoring, environmental monitoring, electronic skin, and intelligent robots. However, a combination of high sensitivity and high resolution remains a critical challenge. These properties depend on the synthesis techniques of the sensitive materials. In this work, we use a laser irradiation method to prepare a silver nanoparticle-modified carbon nanotube (Ag-MWCNT) which is further mixed with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The developed temperature sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of -0.45% °C-1 and linearity with an R2 value of 0.998 in the temperature range of 25-80 °C. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated remarkable repeatability, making it suitable for real-time temperature monitoring of the human body and environment. This temperature sensor is successfully demonstrated in practical applications such as monitoring the temperature of various parts of the human body and sensing the spatial temperature. These demonstrations highlight their significant potential in electronic skin and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhuai Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Demir EC, McDermott MT, Kim CL, Ayranci C. Towards better understanding the stiffness of nanocomposites via parametric study of an analytical model modeling parameters and experiments. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2023; 57:1087-1104. [PMID: 36974194 PMCID: PMC10037548 DOI: 10.1177/00219983221149122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness of polymeric materials can be improved dramatically with the addition of nanoparticles. In theory, as the nanoparticle loading in the polymer increases, the nanocomposite becomes stiffer; however, experiments suggest that little or no stiffness improvement is observed beyond an optimal nanoparticle loading. The mismatch between the theoretical and experimental findings, particularly at high particle loadings, needs to be understood for the effective use of nanoparticles. In this respect, we have recently developed an analytical model to close the gap in the literature and predict elastic modulus of nanocomposites. The model is based on a three-phase Mori-Tanaka model coupled with the Monte-Carlo method, and satisfactorily captures the experimental results, even at high nanoparticle loadings. The developed model can also be used to study the effects of agglomeration in nanocomposites. In this paper, we use this model to study the effects of agglomeration and related model parameters on the stiffness of nanocomposites. In particular, the effects of particle orientation, critical distance, dispersion state and agglomerate property, and particle aspect ratio are investigated to demonstrate capabilities of the model and to observe how optimal particle loading changes with respect these parameters. The study shows that the critical distance defining agglomerates and the properties of agglomerates are the key design parameters at high particle loadings. These two parameters rule the optimal elastic modulus with respect to particle loading. The findings will allow researchers to form design curves and successfully predict the elastic moduli of nanocomposites without the exhaustive experimental undertakings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Can Demir
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark T McDermott
- Department of Chemistry,
University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada
| | - Chun ll Kim
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada
| | - Cagri Ayranci
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada
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3
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Cho JY, Park SL, Kim SH, Jung HJ, Cho DH, Kim BC, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Park SH, Park K, Yang YH. Novel Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-degrading Bacillus sp. JY35 from wastewater sludge and its broad degradation of various bioplastics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:1-10. [PMID: 35286847 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a bioplastic consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, was developed to overcome the shortcomings of aliphatic and aromatic polyesters. Many studies report the use of PBAT as a blending material for improving properties of other bioplastics. However, there are few studies on microorganisms that degrade PBAT. We found six kinds of PBAT-degrading microorganisms from various soils. Among these, Bacillus sp. JY35 showed superior PBAT degradability and robustness to temperature. We monitored the degradation of PBAT films by Bacillus sp. JY35 using scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. GC-MS was used to measure the PBAT film degradation rate at different temperatures and with additional NaCl and carbon sources. Certain additional carbon sources improve the growth of Bacillus sp. JY35. However, this did not increase PBAT film degradation. Time-dependent PBAT film degradation rates were measured during three weeks of cultivation, after which the strain achieved almost 50% degradation. Additionally, various bioplastics were applied to solid cultures to confirm the biodegradation range of Bacillus sp. JY35, which can degrade not only PBAT but also PBS, PCL, PLA, PHB, P(3HB-co-4HB), P(3HB-co-3HV), P(3HB-co-3HHx), and P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx), suggesting its usability as a superior bioplastic degrader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Yeon Cho
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Neme K, Nafady A, Uddin S, Tola YB. Application of nanotechnology in agriculture, postharvest loss reduction and food processing: food security implication and challenges. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08539. [PMID: 34934845 PMCID: PMC8661015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring food security in developing countries is highly challenging due to low productivity of the agriculture sector, degradation of natural resources, high post farming losses, less or no value addition, and high population growth. Researchers are striving to adopt newer technologies to enhance supply to narrow the food demand gap. Nanotechnology is one of the promising technologies that could improve agricultural productivity via nano fertilizers, use of efficient herbicides and pesticides, soil feature regulation, wastewater management, and pathogen detection. It is equally beneficial for industrial food processing with enhanced food production with excellent market value, elevated nutritional and sensing property, improved safety, and better antimicrobial protection. Nanotechnology can also reduce post-farming losses by increasing the shelf life with the aid of nanoparticles. However, further investigation is required to solve the safety and health risks associated with the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumera Neme
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Wollega University, Box 38, Shambu, Ethiopia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siraj Uddin
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Center, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yetenayet B. Tola
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Jimma University College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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5
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Ghosh SK, Das TK, Ghosh S, Ganguly S, Nath K, Das NC. Physico‐mechanical, rheological and gas barrier properties of organoclay and inorganic phyllosilicate reinforced thermoplastic films. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ghosh
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Tushar Kanti Das
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Sabyasachi Ghosh
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Krishnendu Nath
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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6
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Gu L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of the halogen‐free, smoke suppression, organic–inorganic hybrid flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Linya Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
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7
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Han Q, Zhao L, Lin P, Zhu Z, Nie K, Yang F, Wang L. Poly(butylene succinate) biocomposite modified by amino functionalized ramie fiber fabric towards exceptional mechanical performance and biodegradability. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Han C, Sahle-Demessie E, Varughese E, Shi H. Polypropylene-MWCNT composite degradation, release, detection, and toxicity of MWCNT during accelerated aging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:1876-1894. [PMID: 32704375 PMCID: PMC7377243 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) are incorporated into polymers to enhance their properties. However, there are a limited number of studies on the aging of these nanocomposites and the resulting potential release of NM. To characterize NM at critical points in their life cycles, polypropylene (PP) and multiwall carbon nanotube filled PP (PP-MWCNT) plates with different thicknesses (from 0.25 mm to 2 mm) underwent accelerated weathering in a chamber that simulates solar irradiation and rainfall. The physicochemical changes of the plates depended on the radiation exposure, the plate thickness, and the presence of CNT fillers. Photodegradation increased with aging time, making the exposed surface more hydrophilic, decreasing the surface hardness and creating surface stress-cracks. Aged surface and cross-section showed crazing due to the polymer bond scission and the formation of carbonyls. The degradation was higher near the UV-exposed surface as the intensity of the radiation and oxygen diffusion decreased with increasing depth of the plates, resulting in an oxidation layer directly proportional to oxygen diffusion. Thus, sample thickness determines the kinetics of the degradation reaction and the transport of reactive species. Plastic fragments, which are less than 1 mm, and free CNTs were released from weathered MWCNT-PP. The concentrations of released NM that were estimated using ICP-MS, increased with prolonged aging time. Various toxicity tests, including reactive oxygen species generation and cell activity/viability, were performed on the released CNTs. The toxicity of the released fragments and CNTs to A594 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells was observed. The released polymer fragments and CNTs did not show significant toxicity under the experimental conditions in this study. This study will help manufacturers, users of consumer products with nanocomposites and policymakers in the development of testing guidelines, predictive models, and risk assessments and risk based-formulations of NM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
| | - Eunice Varughese
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; Missouri University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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9
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Ding X, Cao H, Zhang X, Li M, Liu Y. Large Scale Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Self-Powered Flexible Sensor for Human Sleep Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1713. [PMID: 29799495 PMCID: PMC6022135 DOI: 10.3390/s18061713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and its application as a sensor is a popular research subject. There is demand for self-powered, flexible sensors with high sensitivity and high power-output for the next generation of consumer electronics. In this study, a 300 mm × 300 mm carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped porous PDMS film was successfully fabricated wherein the CNT influenced the micropore structure. A self-powered TENG tactile sensor was established according to triboelectric theory. The CNT-doped porous TENG showed a voltage output seven times higher than undoped porous TENG and 16 times higher than TENG with pure PDMS, respectively. The TENG successfully acquired human motion signals, breath signals, and heartbeat signals during a sleep monitoring experiment. The results presented here may provide an effective approach for fabricating large-scale and low-cost flexible TENG sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Ding
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Hailin Cao
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Mingyu Li
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Yuntian Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China.
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10
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Zhu SE, Wang LL, Chen H, Yang W, Yuen ACY, Chen TBY, Luo C, Bi WM, Hu EZ, Zhang J, Si JY, Lu HD, Hu KH, Chan QN, Yeoh GH. Comparative Studies on Thermal, Mechanical, and Flame Retardant Properties of PBT Nanocomposites via Different Oxidation State Phosphorus-Containing Agents Modified Amino-CNTs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E70. [PMID: 29373531 PMCID: PMC5853702 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-performance poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nanocomposites have been developed via the consideration of phosphorus-containing agents and amino-carbon nanotube (A-CNT). One-pot functionalization method has been adopted to prepare functionalized CNTs via the reaction between A-CNT and different oxidation state phosphorus-containing agents, including chlorodiphenylphosphine (DPP-Cl), diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPP(O)-Cl), and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride (DPP(O₃)-Cl). These functionalized CNTs, DPP(Ox)-A-CNTs (x = 0, 1, 3), were, respectively, mixed with PBT to obtain the CNT-based polymer nanocomposites through a melt blending method. Scanning electron microscope observations demonstrated that DPP(Ox)-A-CNT nanoadditives were homogeneously distributed within PBT matrix compared to A-CNT. The incorporation of DPP(Ox)-A-CNT improved the thermal stability of PBT. Moreover, PBT/DPP(O₃)-A-CNT showed the highest crystallization temperature and tensile strength, due to the superior dispersion and interfacial interactions between DPP(O₃)-A-CNT and PBT. PBT/DPP(O)-A-CNT exhibited the best flame retardancy resulting from the excellent carbonization effect. The radicals generated from decomposed polymer were effectively trapped by DPP(O)-A-CNT, leading to the reduction of heat release rate, smoke production rate, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide release during cone calorimeter tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-E Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Anthony Chun-Yin Yuen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Timothy Bo-Yuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Wen-Mei Bi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - En-Zhu Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural of University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Si
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Hong-Dian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Kun-Hong Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Qing Nian Chan
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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11
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Han C, Sahle-Demessie E, Zhao AQ, Richardson T, Wang J. Environmental aging and degradation of multiwalled carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene. CARBON 2018; 129:137-151. [PMID: 32831356 PMCID: PMC7433849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of polypropylene (PP) and PP-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PP-MWCNT) panels during environmental weathering resulted in an increased degree of crystallinity, making them brittle, and creating surface cracks. The degradation led to a breakdown of the panels and increased the potential for nanorelease. Thermal analysis revealed that the thickness of the test panels and reinforcement with MWCNTs had a significant influence on the stability of PP-MWCNT composites. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the MWCNTs acted as nucleation points, increasing the crystallization temperatures of PP-MWCNT, which reduced the extent of aging. Weathering decreased both the melting and crystallization temperatures of PP by as much as 20 o C. The reduction in the temperatures was inversely proportional to the thickness of the panels. The activation energy (E a ) obtained using isoconversional kinetics of the TGA analysis showed that the effective thermo-oxidative degradations of PP changed during aging. The E a for the initial stages of thermal degradation decreased from ~330 kJ/mol to ~100 kJ/mol for aged PP. During the late degradation stages, the E a values increased to ~300 kJ/mol. These results suggest that early degradation were altered because of the changes in the molecular structure of the aged P and a shift in the degradation rate-limiting steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Han
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Amy Q Zhao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Teri Richardson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Perkin Elmer, Inc., 710 Bridgeport Avenue, Shelton, CT 06484-4794, USA
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12
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Han C, Zhao A, Varughese E, Sahle-Demessie E. Evaluating Weathering of Food Packaging Polyethylene-Nano-clay Composites: Release of Nanoparticles and their Impacts. NANOIMPACT 2018; 9:61-71. [PMID: 29226269 PMCID: PMC5716355 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nano-fillers are increasingly incorporated into polymeric materials to improve the mechanical, barrier or other matrix properties of nanocomposites used for consumer and industrial applications. However, over the life cycle, these nanocomposites could degrade due to exposure to environmental conditions, resulting in the release of embedded nanomaterials from the polymer matrix into the environment. This paper presents a rigorous study on the degradation and the release of nanomaterials from food packaging composites. Films of nano-clay-loaded low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composite for food packaging applications were prepared with the spherilene technology and exposed to accelerated weathering of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or low concentration of ozone at 40 °C. The changes in the structural, surface morphology, chemical and physical properties of the films during accelerated weathering were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative changes in properties of pristine and aged materials and the release of nano-clay proceeded slowly until 130 hr irradiation and then accelerated afterward resulting complete degradation. Although nano-clay increased the stability of LDPE and improved thermal and barrier properties, they accelerated the UV oxidation of LDPE. With increasing exposure to UV, the surface roughness, chemiluminescence index, and carbonyl index of the samples increased while decreasing the intensity of the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern. Nano-clay particles with sizes ranging from 2-8 nm were released from UV and ozone weathered composite. The concentrations of released nanoparticles increased with an increase in aging time. Various toxicity tests, including reactive oxygen species generation and cell activity/viability were also performed on the released nano-clay and clay polymer. The released nano-clays basically did not show toxicity. Our combined results demonstrated the degradation properties of nano-clay particle-embedded LDPE composites toxicity of released nano-clay particles to A594 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells was observed, which will help with future risk based-formulations of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Han
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
| | - Amy Zhao
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
| | - Eunice Varughese
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
| | - E. Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
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13
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Dasgupta N, Ranjan S. Nanotechnology in Food Packaging. AN INTRODUCTION TO FOOD GRADE NANOEMULSIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6986-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Sharma C, Dhiman R, Rokana N, Panwar H. Nanotechnology: An Untapped Resource for Food Packaging. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1735. [PMID: 28955314 PMCID: PMC5601076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food commodities are packaged and hygienically transported to protect and preserve them from any un-acceptable alteration in quality, before reaching the end-consumer. Food packaging continues to evolve along-with the innovations in material science and technology, as well as in light of consumer's demand. Presently, the modern consumers of competitive economies demands for food with natural quality, assured safety, minimal processing, extended shelf-life and ready-to-eat concept. Innovative packaging systems, not only ascertains transit preservation and effective distribution, but also facilitates communication at the consumer levels. The technological advances in the domain of food packaging in twenty-first century are mainly chaired by nanotechnology, the science of nano-materials. Nanotechnology manipulates and creates nanometer scale materials, of commercial and scientific relevance. Introduction of nanotechnology in food packaging sector has significantly addressed the food quality, safety and stability concerns. Besides, nanotechnology based packaging intimate's consumers about the real time quality of food product. Additionally, nanotechnology has been explored for controlled release of preservatives/antimicrobials, extending the product shelf life within the package. The promising reports for nanotechnology interventions in food packaging have established this as an independent priority research area. Nanoparticles based food packages offer improved barrier and mechanical properties, along with food preservation and have gained welcoming response from market and end users. In contrary, recent advances and up-liftment in this area have raised various ethical, environmental and safety concerns. Policies and regulation regarding nanoparticles incorporation in food packaging are being reviewed. This review presents the existing knowledge, recent advances, concerns and future applications of nanotechnology in food packaging sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
| | - Romika Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, D.A.V. College for GirlsYamuna Nagar, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
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15
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Delgado-Lima A, Paiva MC, Machado AV. The influence of melt mixing on the stability of cellulose acetate and its carbon nanotube composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate (CA), are commonly used due to their ease of processing. These polymers present interesting mechanical properties and biodegradability, but low thermal stability under melt processing conditions. Composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose derivatives are expected to present enhanced properties, depending on the effect of nanotubes on polymer structure and thermal properties. This work aims to investigate the influence of melt mixing on the stability of CA and its CNT composites. Composites with 0 wt%, 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% CNTs, as received and functionalized with pyrrolidine groups, were prepared using a batch mixer and an extruder. Chain scission of CA occurred during processing, but the effect was considerably reduced in the presence of CNTs. The incorporation of small amounts of CNTs (with or without functionalization) decreased polymer degradation by thermomechanical effects induced during polymer processing.
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16
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Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Janowska I, Jedrzejewski R, Linares A, Ezquerra TA, Wagner H, Tenne R, Rosłaniec Z. Comparative study on the properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) -based nanocomposites containing multi-walled carbon (MWCNT) and tungsten disulfide (INT-WS2) nanotubes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Paszkiewicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology; Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Piastow Av. 19 70310 Szczecin Poland
| | - A. Szymczyk
- West Pomeranian University of Technology; Institute of Physics; Piastow Av. 48 70311 Szczecin Poland
| | - I. Janowska
- Institute of Chemical and Processes for Energy, Environmental and Health (ICPEES); CNRS and University of Strasbourg; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - R. Jedrzejewski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology; Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Piastow Av. 19 70310 Szczecin Poland
| | - A. Linares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia; IEM-CSIC; Serrano 119-121 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - T. A. Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia; IEM-CSIC; Serrano 119-121 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - H.D. Wagner
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; 76100 Rehovot Israel
| | - R. Tenne
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; 76100 Rehovot Israel
| | - Z. Rosłaniec
- West Pomeranian University of Technology; Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Piastow Av. 19 70310 Szczecin Poland
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17
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Xing W, Yang W, Yang W, Hu Q, Si J, Lu H, Yang B, Song L, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Containing Agents: Effective Reinforcer for Thermal, Mechanical, and Flame-Retardant Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26266-26274. [PMID: 27652692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (A-MWCNT) were reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPP-Cl) to prepare the functionalized MWCNT (DPPA-MWCNT). A-MWCNT and DPPA-MWCNT were respectively mixed with polystyrene (PS) to obtain composites through the melt compounding method. SEM observations demonstrated that the DPPA-MWCNT nanofillers were more uniformly distributed within the PS matrix than A-MWCNT. PS/DPPA-MWCNT showed improved thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and tensile strength in comparison with PS/A-MWCNT, resulting from good dispersion and interfacial interactions between DPPA-MWCNT and PS matrix. The incorporation of DPPA-MWCNT to PS significantly reduced peak heat release rate, smoke production rate, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide release in cone calorimeter tests. The enhanced fire-retardant properties should be ascribed to the barrier effect of carbon nanotubes, which could provide enough time for DPPA-MWCNT and its functionalized groups to trap the degrading polymer radicals to catalyze char formation. The char layer served as an efficient insulating barrier to reduce the exposure of polymer matrix to an external heat source as well as retarding the flammable gases from feeding the flame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Si
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard K K Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang Z, Wu W, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu B. Effects of silane-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10 phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of bismaleimide resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315602320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (MWCNT-APTES) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10 phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added into the 4,4′-bismaleimidophenyl methane (BDM)/2,2′-diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) resins to prepare the flame retardant resins. Morphological observations reveal that the MWCNT-APTES is homogeneously dispersed in the matrix. The impact strength of the resin is improved by adding MWCNT-APTES. Meanwhile, BDM/DBA containing DOPO/MWCNT-APTES achieves vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and a higher limiting oxygen index. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy measurements have demonstrated that MWCNT-APTES resulted in the increase in char yield and the formation of the thermally stable carbonaceous char. The results of Raman show that the MWCNT-APTES can enhance the graphitization degree of the resin during combustion. All the investigations show that the combination of DOPO and MWCNT-APTES is an effective additive to develop high-performance resins with attractive flame retardance and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Chang HW, Lu YR, Chen JL, Chen CL, Lee JF, Chen JM, Tsai YC, Yeh PH, Chou WC, Dong CL. Electrochemical and in situ X-ray spectroscopic studies of MnO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as a supercapacitor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18705-18. [PMID: 27122222 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of various MnO2-coated carbon materials (MnO2/acid-functionalized carbon nanotubes (C-CNT), MnO2/reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and MnO2/RGO-Au electrodes) were conducted to evaluate the supercapacitive performances and electronic structures. MnO2 was deposited on the surface of C-CNT, RGO, and RGO-Au via a spontaneous redox reaction to facilitate the growth of the bulk form of MnO2/C-CNT and the surface forms of MnO2/RGO-based materials. Various forms of MnO2 on the carbon materials exhibited different charge/discharge behaviors. The specific capacitances of the MnO2/RGO and MnO2/RGO-Au electrodes at a current density of 1 A g(-1) were about 433 and 469 F g(-1), respectively; these values are about 1.5 times that of the MnO2/C-CNT (259 F g(-1)) electrode. Specific capacitances of 220 and 281 F g(-1) with retention rates of about 50-60% were obtained from MnO2/RGO and MnO2/RGO-Au, respectively, even at a high current density of 80 A g(-1). Experimental results revealed that the long-term electrochemical stability of the MnO2/RGO-based electrodes (with ∼90% retention) exceeded that of the MnO2/C-CNT electrode (with ∼60% retention) after 1000 cycles at a high scan rate of 80 A g(-1). This finding indicates that MnO2/RGO-based electrodes feature excellent cycling stability and rate capacity retention performance. To elucidate the atomic/electronic structures of the MnO2/C-CNT, MnO2/RGO, and MnO2/RGO-Au electrodes during the charge/discharge process, in situ XAS of the Mn K-edge was performed. The MnO2/RGO-based electrodes exhibited the least variations in the pre-peak intensity of the Mn K-edge during the charge/discharge process because a nano-network of MnO2 is homogeneously decorated on the outer surfaces of RGO-based electrodes to facilitate the growth of surface forms of MnO2/RGO and MnO2/RGO-Au. Analytical results further revealed suppression of changes in tunnel size and promotion of insertion/extraction behavior. This work, particularly the combination of cyclic voltammetry with in situ XAS measurements, will be of general value in the fields of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and in their use in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Chang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei, 25137, Taiwan.
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20
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Study on the Isothermal Crystallization Behaviors of PEN/TLCP Blends. ELASTOMERS AND COMPOSITES 2016. [DOI: 10.7473/ec.2016.51.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Preparation of acrylic/MWNTs nanocomposite latexes via ultrasonically-assisted emulsion polymerization: A comparative study. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Nanotechnological Applications in Food Packaging, Sensors and Bioactive Delivery Systems. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Almeida ACS, Franco EAN, Peixoto FM, Pessanha KLF, Melo NR. Aplicação de nanotecnologia em embalagens de alimentos. POLIMEROS 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo A nanotecnologia tem grande potencial de aplicação na indústria de alimentos. No desenvolvimento de embalagens, pode proporcionar diferentes alternativas, tais como o desenvolvimento de nanopartículas, nanodispersões, nanolaminados, e nanotubos, que, associados aos polímeros, podem fornecer diversas funções. Por exemplo, pela incorporação de nanopartículas com propriedades antimicrobianas; nanosensores capazes de detectar produtos químicos, agentes patogênicos e toxinas em alimentos; nanopartículas bioativas capazes de manter os compostos em condições ideais, até a sua migração para o produto alimentício e nanocompósitos, que melhorem as propriedades de flexibilidade, barreira a gases e umidade e quanto à absorção de irradiação UV dos materiais aos quais são incorporados, assim como a estabilidade frente à temperatura. Este artigo relata algumas aplicações da nanotecnologia em embalagens de alimentos, bem como questões sobre toxicidade e regulamentação relacionadas à possibilidade de migração das nanopartículas para os alimentos; razão pela qual o setor alimentício tem sido cauteloso com a utilização desses materiais.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nathália Ramos Melo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil
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24
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25
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Chang HW, Lu YR, Chen JL, Chen CL, Lee JF, Chen JM, Tsai YC, Chang CM, Yeh PH, Chou WC, Liou YH, Dong CL. Nanoflaky MnO2/functionalized carbon nanotubes for supercapacitors: an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1725-1735. [PMID: 25511126 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of acid- and amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes (C-CNT and N-CNT) were decorated with MnO2 nanoflakes as supercapacitors by a spontaneous redox reaction. C-CNT was found to have a lower edge plane structure and fewer defect sites than N-CNT. MnO2/C-CNT with a highly developed surface area exhibited favorable electrochemical performance. To determine the atomic/electronic structures of the MnO2/functionalized CNTs (MnO2/C-CNT and MnO/N-CNT) during the charge/discharge process, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were made at the Mn K-edge. Both C-CNT and N-CNT are highly conductive. The effect of the scan rate on the capacitance behavior was also examined, revealing that the π* state of CNT and the size of the tunnels in pseudo-capacitor materials (which facilitate conduction and the transport of electrolyte ions) are critical for the capacitive performance, and their role depends on the scan rate. In the slow charge/discharge process, MnO2/N-CNT has a more symmetrical rectangular cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve. In the fast charge/discharge process, MnO2/C-CNT with a highly developed surface provides fast electronic and ionic channels that support a reversible faradaic redox reaction between MnO2 nanoflakes and the electrolyte, significantly enhancing its capacitive performance over that of MnO2/N-CNT. The MnO2/C-CNT architecture has great potential for supercapacitor applications. The information that was obtained herein helps to elucidate CNT surface modification and the design of the MnO2/functionalized CNT interface with a view for the further development of supercapacitors. This work, and especially the combination of CV with in situ XAS measurements, will be of value to readers with an interest in nanomaterial, nanotechnology and their applications in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
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26
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Gaharwar AK, Patel A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Zhang H, Rangarajan K, Iviglia G, Shin SR, Hussain MA, Khademhosseini A. Elastomeric nanocomposite scaffolds made from poly (glycerol sebacate) chemically crosslinked with carbon nanotubes. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:45-68. [PMID: 26146547 PMCID: PMC4486365 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanocomposites often possess properties such as high stiffness, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability and have been studied for various biomedical and biotechnological applications. However, the current design approaches utilize CNTs as physical filler, and thus, the true potential of CNT-based nanocomposites has not been achieved. Here, we introduce a general approach of fabricating stiff, elastomeric nanocomposites from poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and CNTs. The covalent crosslinking between the nanotubes and polymer chains resulted in novel property combinations that are not observed in conventional nanocomposites. The addition of 1% CNTs resulted a five-fold increase in the tensile modulus and a six-fold increase in compression modulus compared with PGS alone, which is far superior to the previously reported studies for CNT-based nanocomposites. Despite significant increase in mechanical stiffness, the elasticity of the network was not compromised and the resulting nanocomposites showed more than 94% recovery. This study demonstrates that the chemical conjugation of CNTs to a PGS backbone results in stiff and elastomeric nanocomposites. Additionally, in vitro studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) indicated that the incorporation of CNTs to PGS network significantly enhanced the differentiation potential of the seeded hMSCs rendering them potentially suitable for applications ranging from scaffolding in musculoskeletal tissue engineering to biosensors in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Kaushik Rangarajan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Giorgio Iviglia
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Su-Ryon Shin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Mohammad Asif Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (Biomedical Engineering Option), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Yang W, Jia Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Si J, Lu H, Yang B. Carbon nanotube reinforced polylactide/basalt fiber composites containing aluminium hypophosphite: thermal degradation, flame retardancy and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18606d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified carbon nanotube reinforced polylactide/basalt fiber composites containing aluminium hypophosphite were prepared via melt blending method. The composites showed excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongjing Jia
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yani Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yunran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Si
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Benhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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28
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Espinoza-Martínez AB, Ávila-Orta CA, Cruz-Delgado VJ, Medellín-Rodríguez FJ, Bueno-Baqués D, Mata-Padilla JM. Effect of MWNTs concentration and cooling rate on the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of non-isothermally crystallized PEN/MWNT nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana B. Espinoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación de Plásticos; Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Boulevard; Enrique Reyna 140 25294 Saltillo COAH México
| | - Carlos A. Ávila-Orta
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados; Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Boulevard; Enrique Reyna 140 25294 Saltillo COAH México
| | - Víctor J. Cruz-Delgado
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados; Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Boulevard; Enrique Reyna 140 25294 Saltillo COAH México
| | - Francisco J. Medellín-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Polimeros; CIEP/FCQ; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; Avenida Manuel Nava 6 78210 San Luis Potosí SLP México
| | - Darío Bueno-Baqués
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados; Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Boulevard; Enrique Reyna 140 25294 Saltillo COAH México
| | - José M. Mata-Padilla
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados; Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Boulevard; Enrique Reyna 140 25294 Saltillo COAH México
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29
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Yang W, Yang B, Lu H, Song L, Hu Y. Effect of Modified Carbon Nanotube on the Thermal Behavior, Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate)/Aluminum Phosphinate Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503039e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory
of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benhong Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 99 Jinxiu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory
of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory
of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Synthesis of vinylferrocene and the ligand-exchange reaction between its copolymer and carbon nanotubes. Front Chem Sci Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-014-1428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Pandey P, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Improved mechanical and crystallization characteristics of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotube oxidized via wet mechanochemical method. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314528729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel approach of wet mechanochemical oxidation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been established in order to improve the uniformity in nanodispersion of the CNTs. This approach was found to be more efficient for CNT oxidation as compared to the acid oxidation method as observed from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and titrometric analyses. From the x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analyses, it was also noticed that the damage to the surface of CNTs caused by acid can be prevented using wet mechanochemical process for oxidation. The transmission electron microscopic micrographs also revealed lesser degree of entanglement of the CNT fibrils. The polymer nanocomposites reinforced with wet mechanochemically oxidized CNT (McCNT) revealed considerably higher mechanical properties as compared to that of acid-oxidized CNTs. Also, the much higher uniformity in dispersion and nucleating effect of the McCNT was observed from the Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pandey
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), CIPET, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), CIPET, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Synthesis and characterization of soluble polyester based on calixarene dicarboxylic acid with tertiary butyl pendant groups. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vennerberg DC, Quirino RL, Jang Y, Kessler MR. Oxidation behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes fluidized with ozone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1835-1842. [PMID: 24422718 DOI: 10.1021/am4048305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were simultaneously fluidized and oxidized with gaseous ozone in a vertical reactor. Two different varieties of MWCNTs were compared to determine the versatility of the treatment and to elucidate the effect of defects on the oxidation behavior of MWCNTs. The extent of oxidation and nature of functional groups introduced on the nanotube surfaces were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Boehm titration, and structural changes were monitored with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After only a few minutes of treatment, nongraphitic impurities were removed from the MWCNTs, and significant levels of oxidation (∼8 atom % O) were achieved with very little damage to the nanotube sidewalls. Short O3 exposure resulted in primarily hydroxyl functionalities, whereas longer exposure led to the formation of mainly carboxylic acid groups. Aliphatic defects present in the commercially produced MWCNTs were found to play an important role in the oxidation mechanism. Because of its ability to remove impurities and to evenly oxidize the sidewalls of nanotubes without the use of any solvents, the fluidized O3 reaction developed in this study was found to be an attractive option for industrial-scale MWCNT functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny C Vennerberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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A Novel Method of Mechanical Oxidation of CNT for Polymer Nanocomposite Application: Evaluation of Mechanical, Dynamic Mechanical, and Rheological Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/623109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new approach of oxidation of carbon nanotubes has been used to oxidize the CNTs. A comparative aspect of the mechanical oxidation and acid oxidation process has been established. FTIR analysis and titration method have shown the higher feasibility of the mechanical oxidation method to oxidize the CNTs. Comparatively less damage to the CNTs has been observed in case of mechanically oxidized as compared to acid oxidized CNTs. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites reinforced with the acid oxidized CNT (ACNT) and mechanically oxidized CNTs (McCNT) were analyzed and relatively higher properties in the nanocomposites reinforced with McCNT were noticed. The less degree of entanglement in the McCNTs was noticed as compared to ACNTs. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the nanocomposites revealed much improved load transfer capability in the McCNT reinforced composites. Further, the rheological properties of the nanocomposites revealed the higher performance of McCNT reinforced composites.
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Assessing colloidal stability of long term MWCNT based nanofluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 381:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Engelmann G, Bonatz E, Ganster J. Nanocomposites based on aromatic polyesters and organically modified clay. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Engelmann G, Bonatz E, Ganster J, Pinnow M, Bohn A. Preparation of PTT/clay nanocomposites with solid-state polymerized polytrimethylene terephthalate. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Szymczyk A. Poly(trimethylene terephthalate-block-tetramethylene oxide) elastomer/single-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Synthesis, structure, and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Development of cellulose-based bactericidal nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles and their use as active food packaging. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Peng Z, Feng C, Luo Y, Li Y, Yi Z, Kong L. Natural rubber/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites developed with a combined self-assembly and latex compounding technique. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Loos MR, Schulte K. Is It Worth the Effort to Reinforce Polymers With Carbon Nanotubes? MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Wang G, Guo B, Xu J, Li R. Rheology, crystallization behaviors, and thermal stabilities of poly(butylene succinate)/pristine multiwalled carbon nanotube composites obtained by melt compounding. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Zhu Z, Wang R, Dong Z, Huang X, Zhang D. Morphology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Wang K, Gu M, Wang JJ, Qin C, Dai L. Functionalized carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers: fabrication and properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Wu DC, Shen L, Low JE, Wong SY, Li X, Tjiu WC, Liu Y, He CB. Multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyimide composite film fabricated through electrophoretic deposition. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Rodolfo A, Innocentini-Mei LH. Poly(vinyl chloride)/metallic oxides/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites: Preparation, morphological characterization, and modeling of the mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dynamic rheological studies of poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) and carbon nanotube blends in sulfuric acid. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1352-64. [PMID: 20480024 PMCID: PMC2871120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the dynamic scanning of liquid-crystalline (LC) poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) sulfuric acid (PPTA-H2SO4) solution, and its blend with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), by using a flat plate rotational rheometer. The effects of weight concentration and molecular weight of PPTA, as well as operating temperature, on dynamic viscoelasticity of the PPTA-H2SO4 LC solution system are discussed. The transition from a biphasic system to a single-phase LC occurs in the weight concentration range of SWNTs from 0.1% to 0.2%, in which complex viscosity reaches the maximum at 0.2 wt% and the minimum at 0.1 wt%, respectively, of SWNTs. With increasing SWNT weight concentration, the endothermic peak temperature increases from 73.6 to 79.9 °C. The PPTA/SWNT/H2SO4 solution is in its plateau zone and storage modulus (G′) is a dominant factor within the frequency (ω) range of 0.1–10 rad/s. As ω increases, the G′ rises slightly, in direct proportion to the ω. The loss modulus (G″) does not rise as a function of ω when ω < 1 s−1, then when ω > 1 s−1 G″ increases faster than G′, yet not in any proportion to the ω.
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Ghaemy M, Mighani H, Ziaei P. Synthesis and characterization of novel organosoluble polyesters based on a DIOL with azaquinoxaline ring. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the fabrication via simple melt blending of thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP) nanocomposites reinforced with a very small quantity of modified carbon nanotube (CNT) and the unique effects of the modified CNT on the physical properties of the nanocomposites. The thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of modified CNT-reinforced TLCP nanocomposites are highly dependent on the uniform dispersion of CNT and the interactions between the CNT and TLCP, which can be enhanced by chemical modification of the CNT, providing a design guide of CNT-reinforced TLCP nanocomposites with great potential for industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Kim
- Material Laboratory, Corporate R&D Center, Samsung SDI Co. Ltd., 575 Shin-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-731, Korea; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-31-210-7103; Fax: +82-31-210-7374
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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