1
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Fornaciari C, Lemaur V, Pasini D, Coulembier O. Quasi-alternating copolymerization of oxiranes driven by a benign acetate-based catalyst. Commun Chem 2023; 6:235. [PMID: 37898680 PMCID: PMC10613202 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternating copolymers are distinctly unique in comparison with other copolymers. Herein, an in-depth investigation of the oxyanionic ring-opening copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) from benzyl alcohol (BnOH) activated with potassium acetate (KOAc) complexed by 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) is described. We demonstrate that the 18C6/KOAc complex is an efficient and benign catalytic system to promote copolymerization of both oxirane monomers, leading to well-defined polyethers with varied comonomer content and low dispersity values (ƉM < 1.20). Kinetic analysis confirmed the controlled nature of the (co)polymerization process, and the determination of reactivity ratios revealed a quasi-alternating copolymerization profile, according to the Fineman-Ross method. The comparison between the quasi-alternating-type PO/AGE copolymerization and block or gradient copolymerization revealed significant differences, to confirm the different sequence incorporation in the different topological copolymers. These results highlight the great potential of 18C6/KOAc-mediated copolymerization process for the controlled sythesis of a series of copolymer topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Fornaciari
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, Mons, 7000, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 10, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 10, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, Mons, 7000, Belgium.
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2
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Ferrier RC, Kumbhar G, Crum-Dacon S, Lynd NA. A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12390-12410. [PMID: 37753731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Gouree Kumbhar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Shaylynn Crum-Dacon
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas-Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA
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3
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Müller V, Matthes R, Wagner M, Bros M, Dreier P, Frey H. Tailoring thermoresponsiveness of biocompatible polyethers: copolymers of linear glycerol and ethyl glycidyl ether. Polym Chem 2023; 14:2599-2609. [PMID: 37261292 PMCID: PMC10228176 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Linear polyglycerol is known as a highly hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer that is currently considered for numerous medical applications. Derived from this well-known structure, the synthesis of highly biocompatible, thermoresponsive polyether copolymers via statistical anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethyl glycidyl ether (EGE) and ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE) is described. Subsequent deprotection of the acetal groups of EEGE yields copolymers of linear glycerol (linG) and EGE, P(linG-co-EGE). These copolymers showed monomodal and narrow molecular weight distributions with dispersities Đ ≤ 1.07. The microstructure was investigated via in situ1H NMR kinetics experiments, revealing reactivity ratios of rEEGE = 1.787 ± 0.007 and rEGE = 0.560 ± 0.002, showing a slightly favored incorporation of EEGE over EGE. Due to the deliberate incorporation of rather hydrophobic EGE units into the water soluble linPG, tunable thermoresponsive behavior is achieved with cloud point temperatures Tcp between 9.0-71.4 °C. Besides the commonly utilized method turbidimetry, temperature-dependent 1H NMR measurements were used for more accurate and reproducible results. The change of the hydrodynamic radii rH of the copolymers and their aggregates upon reaching Tcp was investigated via DOSY NMR spectroscopy. To explore possible biomedical applications, as an example, the cell viability and immunology of an exemplary P(linG-co-EGE) copolymer sample was investigated. Since both, cell viability and immunology are comparable to the gold standard PEG, the herein presented copolymers show high potential as biocompatible and thermoresponsive alternatives to PEG for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Chemistry Ackermannweg 10 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Langenbeckstraße 1 D-55101 Mainz Germany
| | - Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
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4
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Du H, Kalem S, Huin C, Illy N, Tresset G, Giacomelli FC, Guégan P. Engineering of ion permeable planar membranes and polymersomes based on β-cyclodextrin-cored star copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:465-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Dreier P, Ahn J, Chang T, Frey H. End group Functionality of 95 to 99%: Epoxide Functionalization of Polystyryl-Lithium Evaluated via Solvent Gradient Interaction Chromatography (SGIC). Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200560. [PMID: 35942664 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
End group functionality is a key parameter of functional polymer chains. The end-capping efficiency of living polystyryl lithium with various epoxides, namely ethylene oxide (EO), ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE) and isopropylidene glyceryl glycidyl ether (IGG), is investigated with solvent gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC). Generally, end-capping efficiencies > 95% are observed. Hydroxyl functional polystyrene (PS-OH, PS-EEGE-OH and PS-IGG-OH) with molar masses ranging from 13.8 to 15 kg mol-1 are obtained, with dispersities of 1.05-1.06. Deprotection of the acetal (PS-EEGE-OH) and ketal protective group (PS-IGG-OH) is investigated. Nearly quantitative deprotection (> 99%) resulting in the corresponding multihydroxy functional PS (PS-(OH)2 and PS-(OH)3 ) are observed via SGIC. Esterification of PS-OH with succinic anhydride shows a conversion of 98% to the corresponding ester. A detailed picture of side reactions during the carbanionic polymer synthesis subsequent epoxide termination is obtained, demonstrating 95-99% terminal functionality. Depending on the polarity of the end group, an elution order of PS-OH < PS-(OH)2 < PS-(OH)3 < PS-COOH is obtained in SGIC. The study demonstrates both the analytical power of SGIC and the exceptionally high terminal functionalization efficiency of anionic polymerization methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Junyoung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Park J, Yu Y, Lee JW, Kim BS. Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Functional Epoxide Monomer with an Oxazoline Protecting Group for the Synthesis of Polyethers with Carboxylic Acid Pendants. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Pouyan P, Cherri M, Haag R. Polyglycerols as Multi-Functional Platforms: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132684. [PMID: 35808728 PMCID: PMC9269438 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable and unique characteristics of polyglycerols (PG) have made them an attractive candidate for many applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The presence of multiple hydroxy groups on the flexible polyether backbone not only enables the further modification of the PG structure but also makes the polymer highly water-soluble and results in excellent biocompatibility. In this review, the polymerization routes leading to PG with different architectures are discussed. Moreover, we discuss the role of these polymers in different biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, protein conjugation, and surface modification.
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8
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Matthes R, Frey H. Polyethers Based on Short-Chain Alkyl Glycidyl Ethers: Thermoresponsive and Highly Biocompatible Materials. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2219-2235. [PMID: 35622963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of short-chain alkyl glycidyl ethers (SCAGEs) enables the synthesis of biocompatible polyethers with finely tunable hydrophilicity. Aliphatic polyethers, most prominently poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), are utilized in manifold biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and aqueous solubility. By incorporation of short hydrophobic side-chains at linear polyglycerol, control of aqueous solubility and the respective lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution is feasible. Concurrently, the chemically inert character in analogy to PEG is maintained, as no further functional groups are introduced at the polyether structure. Adjustment of the hydrophilicity and the thermoresponsive behavior of the resulting poly(glycidyl ether)s in a broad temperature range is achieved either by the combination of the different SCAGEs or with PEG as a hydrophilic block. Homopolymers of methyl and ethyl glycidyl ether (PGME, PEGE) are soluble in aqueous solution at room temperature. In contrast, n-propyl glycidyl ether and iso-propyl glycidyl ether lead to hydrophobic polyethers. The use of a variety of ring-opening polymerization techniques allows for controlled polymerization, while simultaneously determining the resulting microstructures. Atactic as well as isotactic polymers are accessible by utilization of the respective racemic or enantiomerically pure monomers. Polymer architectures varying from statistical copolymers, di- and triblock structures to star-shaped architectures, in combination with PEG, have been applied in various thermoresponsive hydrogel formulations or polymeric surface coatings for cell sheet engineering. Materials responding to stimuli are of increasing importance for "smart" biomedical systems, making thermoresponsive polyethers with short-alkyl ether side chains promising candidates for future biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
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9
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Matthes R, Bapp C, Wagner M, Zarbakhsh S, Frey H. Unexpected Random Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide with Glycidyl Methyl Ether via Double Metal Cyanide Catalysis: Introducing Polarity in Polypropylene Oxide. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Bapp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirus Zarbakhsh
- BASF SE, RAP/LO, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Elter JK, Eichhorn J, Schacher FH. Polyether-Based Diblock Terpolymer Micelles with Pendant Anthracene Units-Light-Induced Crosslinking and Limitations Regarding Reversibility. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100485. [PMID: 34463379 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 9-methylanthracenyl glycidyl ether (AnthGE) as a crosslinkable monomer that can be applied in anionic ring opening polymerization is reported. Diblock terpolymers of the composition methoxy-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether-co-9-methylanthracenyl glycidyl ether) (mPEO-b-P(EHGE-co-AnthGE) with 10 to 24 wt% of AnthGE are synthesized and characterized. Their micellization behavior, as well as their light-induced core-crosslinking via irradiation with UV light (λ = 365 nm) is studied. The results are compared with studies on the dimerization, and the dimer cleavage via irradiation with UV-C light (λ = 254 nm), of the same diblock terpolymer in organic solution, and the small-molecule model compound 9-methoxymethylanthracene. Differences in 1 H NMR spectra of the crosslinked or dimerized compounds and reaction kinetics of the dimerization reactions under different conditions suggest possible side reactions for the case of the core-crosslinking of micelles in aqueous solution. These side reactions limit the reversibility of the anthracene dimerization reaction in aqueous solutions, even if the anthracene molecule is encapsulated within the hydrophobic core of a polymeric micelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Elter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena, D-07743, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Jonas Eichhorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena, D-07743, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena, D-07743, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, D-07743, Germany
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11
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Synthesis of functional and architectural polyethers via the anionic ring-opening polymerization of epoxide monomers using a phosphazene base catalyst. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Taing G, Legros V, Ta F, Da Silva D, Colas C, Vayer M, Schuler M, Chougrani K, Sinturel C, Tatibouët A. Solvent-Free Glycidyl Carbamate Oligomerization and Solvent Affinity of Oligomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Taing
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICMN UMR7374, 1b Rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex
2, France
| | - Vanessa Legros
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Ta
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - David Da Silva
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Cyril Colas
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
- CNRS, CBM, UPR4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans Cedex
2, France
| | - Marylène Vayer
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICMN UMR7374, 1b Rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex
2, France
| | - Marie Schuler
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Kamel Chougrani
- Parfums et cosmétiques Christian DIOR, LVMH Recherche, 185 Avenue de Verdun, F-45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Christophe Sinturel
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICMN UMR7374, 1b Rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex
2, France
| | - Arnaud Tatibouët
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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13
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Elter JK, Eichhorn J, Ringleb M, Schacher FH. Amine-containing diblock terpolymers via AROP: a versatile method for the generation of multifunctional micelles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis and block copolymerization via AROP of three glycidyl amine species (PiGA; OPGA, and MPGA) with different hydrophobicity. Micelles formed from these block copolymers respond to changes in pH and H2O2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. Elter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Jonas Eichhorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Michael Ringleb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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14
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N-Heterocyclic carbene/Lewis acid-mediated ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. Part 1: Triisobutylaluminum as an efficient controlling agent. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Wehr R, Gaitzsch J, Daubian D, Fodor C, Meier W. Deepening the insight into poly(butylene oxide)- block-poly(glycidol) synthesis and self-assemblies: micelles, worms and vesicles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22701-22711. [PMID: 35514604 PMCID: PMC9054609 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers is studied extensively for biomedical applications like drug delivery and nanoreactors. The commonly used hydrophilic block poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), however, suffers from several drawbacks. As a potent alternative, poly(glycidol) (PG) has gained increasing interest, benefiting from its easy synthesis, high biocompatibility and flexibility as well as enhanced functionality compared to PEO. In this study, we present a quick and well-controlled synthesis of poly(butylene oxide)-block-poly(glycidol) (PBO-b-PG) amphiphilic diblock copolymers together with a straight-forward self-assembly protocol. Depending on the hydrophilic mass fraction of the copolymer, nanoscopic micelles, worms and polymersomes were formed as well as microscopic giant unilamellar vesicles. The particles were analysed regarding their size and shape, using dynamic and static light scattering, TEM and Cryo-TEM imaging as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy. We have discovered a strong dependence of the formed morphology on the self-assembly method and show that only solvent exchange leads to the formation of homogenous phases. Thus, a variety of different structures can be obtained from a highly flexible copolymer, justifying a potential use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Wehr
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Davy Daubian
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Csaba Fodor
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
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16
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Abstract
Amino-functional polyethers have emerged as a new class of “smart”, i.e. pH- and thermoresponsive materials. This review article summarizes the synthesis and applications of these materials, obtained from ring-opening of suitable epoxide monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Verkoyen
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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17
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Lee J, Han S, Kim M, Kim BS. Anionic Polymerization of Azidoalkyl Glycidyl Ethers and Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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18
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Johann T, Keth J, Bros M, Frey H. A general concept for the introduction of hydroxamic acids into polymers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7009-7022. [PMID: 31588268 PMCID: PMC6676332 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02557j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethers (PEG) with hydroxamic acid groups enable chelation of a variety of metal ions, coating of metal oxide surfaces and stabilization of nanoparticles. In contrast to catechol, hydroxamic acids are oxidation stable and biocompatible.
Hydroxamic acids (HA) form stable complexes with a large variety of metal-ions, affording hydroxamates with high complexation constants. Hydroxamic acid moieties play a crucial role in the natural iron metabolism. In this work, 1,4,2-dioxazoles linked to a hydroxyl group are introduced as key compounds for the installation of hydroxamic acids at synthetic polymers in well-defined positions. A general synthetic scheme is developed that gives access to a series of novel functional key building blocks that can be universally used to obtain hydroxamic acid-based monomers and polymers, for instance as protected HA-functional initiators or for the synthesis of a variety of novel HA-based monomers, such as epoxides or methacrylates. To demonstrate the excellent stability of the dioxazole-protected hydroxamic acids, direct incorporation of the dioxazole-protected hydroxamic acids into polyethers is demonstrated via oxyanionic polymerization. Convenient subsequent deprotection is feasible under mild acidic conditions. α-Functional HA-polyethers, i.e. poly ethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polyglycerol based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether, respectively are prepared with low dispersities (<1.2) in the molecular weight range of 1000 to 8500 g mol–1. Water-soluble hydroxamic acid functional poly(ethylene glycol) (HA-PEG) is explored for a variety of biomedical applications and surface coating. Complexation of Fe(iii) ions, coating of various metal surfaces, enabling e.g., solubilization of FeOx nanoparticles by HA-PEGs, are presented. No impact of the polyether chain on the chelation properties was observed, while significantly lower anti-proliferative effects were observed than for deferoxamine. HA-PEGs show the same complexation behavior as their low molecular weight counterparts. Hydroxamic acid functional polymers are proposed as an oxidatively stable alternative to the highly established catechol-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany .
| | - Jennifer Keth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany .
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Langenbeckstrasse 1 , 55131 Mainz , Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany .
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19
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Elter JK, Biehl P, Gottschaldt M, Schacher FH. Core-crosslinked worm-like micelles from polyether-based diblock terpolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on the synthesis of polyether-based diblock terpolymers and their self-assembly into complex solution structures (e.g. filomicelles). The aggregates were core-crosslinked and their structure was influenced via ultrasonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. Elter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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20
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Stöbener DD, Donath D, Weinhart M. Fast and solvent-free microwave-assisted synthesis of thermoresponsive oligo(glycidyl ether)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dorian Donath
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin Germany
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21
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Imbrogno J, Ferrier RC, Wheatle BK, Rose MJ, Lynd NA. Decoupling Catalysis and Chain-Growth Functions of Mono(μ-alkoxo)bis(alkylaluminums) in Epoxide Polymerization: Emergence of the N–Al Adduct Catalyst. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Ferrier RC, Pakhira S, Palmon SE, Rodriguez CG, Goldfeld DJ, Iyiola OO, Chwatko M, Mendoza-Cortes JL, Lynd NA. Demystifying the Mechanism of Regio- and Isoselective Epoxide Polymerization Using the Vandenberg Catalyst. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Ferrier
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sarah E. Palmon
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Christina G. Rodriguez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David J. Goldfeld
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Oluwagbenga O. Iyiola
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Malgorzata Chwatko
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University, Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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23
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Roos K, Wirotius AL, Carlotti S. Dialkylmagnesium-Promoted Deprotonation of Protic Precursors for the Activated Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Roos
- Bordeaux INP; Univ. Bordeaux; CNRS; LCPO; UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Stéphane Carlotti
- Bordeaux INP; Univ. Bordeaux; CNRS; LCPO; UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
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24
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Elter JK, Sentis G, Bellstedt P, Biehl P, Gottschaldt M, Schacher FH. Core-crosslinked diblock terpolymer micelles – taking a closer look on crosslinking efficiency. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an in-depth study on the crosslinking of diblock terpolymer micellar cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. Elter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Gabriele Sentis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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25
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Schubert C, Schömer M, Steube M, Decker S, Friedrich C, Frey H. Systematic Variation of the Degree of Branching (DB) of Polyglycerol via Oxyanionic Copolymerization of Glycidol with a Protected Glycidyl Ether and Its Impact on Rheological Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schubert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF); Albert-Ludwig-University; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Martina Schömer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marvin Steube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Decker
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF); Albert-Ludwig-University; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF); Albert-Ludwig-University; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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26
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Schubert C, Dreier P, Nguyen T, Maciol K, Blankenburg J, Friedrich C, Frey H. Synthesis of linear polyglycerols with tailored degree of methylation by copolymerization and the effect on thermorheological behavior. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Rodriguez CG, Ferrier RC, Helenic A, Lynd NA. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides: Facile Pathway to Functional Polyethers via a Versatile Organoaluminum Initiator. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina G. Rodriguez
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert C. Ferrier
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alysha Helenic
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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28
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Ghosh S, Lund H, Jiao H, Mejía E. Rediscovering the Isospecific Ring-Opening Polymerization of Racemic Propylene Oxide with Dibutylmagnesium. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Esteban Mejía
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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29
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Heinen S, Rackow S, Schäfer A, Weinhart M. A Perfect Match: Fast and Truly Random Copolymerization of Glycidyl Ether Monomers to Thermoresponsive Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Heinen
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Rackow
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Neqal M, Pichavant L, Gauthier M, Héroguez V. Plurifunctional polyglycidol-based particles prepared by Dispersion Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Herzberger J, Leibig D, Liermann JC, Frey H. Conventional Oxyanionic versus Monomer-Activated Anionic Copolymerization of Ethylene Oxide with Glycidyl Ethers: Striking Differences in Reactivity Ratios. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1206-1211. [PMID: 35614746 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the monomer distribution in copolymers is essential to tailor their properties. For the first time, we have been able to utilize in situ 1H NMR spectroscopy to monitor the monomer-activated anionic ring opening copolymerization (AROP) of ethylene oxide (EO) with a glycidyl ether comonomer, namely, ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE). We determine reactivity ratios and draw a direct comparison to conventional oxyanionic ROP. Surprisingly, the respective monomer reactivities differ strongly between the different types of AROP. Under conventional oxyanionic conditions similar monomer reactivities of EO and EEGE are observed, leading to random structures (rEO = 1.05 ± 0.02, rEEGE = 0.94 ± 0.02). Addition of a cation complexing agent (18-crown-6) showed no influence on the relative reactivity of EO and EEGE (rEO = rEEGE = 1.00 ± 0.02). In striking contrast, monomer-activated AROP produces very different monomer reactivities, affording strongly tapered copolymer structures (rEO = 8.00 ± 0.16, rEEGE = 0.125 ± 0.003). These results highlight the importance of understanding reactivity ratios of comonomer pairs under certain polymerization conditions, at the same time demonstrating the ability to generate both random and strongly tapered P(EO-co-EEGE) polyethers by simple one-pot statistical anionic copolymerization. These observations may be generally valid for the copolymerization of EO and glycidyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Leibig
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Liermann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Herzberger J, Fischer K, Leibig D, Bros M, Thiermann R, Frey H. Oxidation-Responsive and “Clickable” Poly(ethylene glycol) via Copolymerization of 2-(Methylthio)ethyl Glycidyl Ether. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9212-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Leibig
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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33
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Gosecki M, Gadzinowski M, Gosecka M, Basinska T, Slomkowski S. Polyglycidol, Its Derivatives, and Polyglycidol-Containing Copolymers-Synthesis and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E227. [PMID: 30979324 PMCID: PMC6432134 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglycidol (or polyglycerol) is a biocompatible polymer with a main chain structure similar to that of poly(ethylene oxide) but with a ⁻CH₂OH reactive side group in every structural unit. The hydroxyl groups in polyglycidol not only increase the hydrophilicity of this polymer but also allow for its modification, leading to polymers with carboxyl, amine, and vinyl groups, as well as to polymers with bonded aliphatic chains, sugar moieties, and covalently immobilized bioactive compounds in particular proteins. The paper describes the current state of knowledge on the synthesis of polyglycidols with various topology (linear, branched, and star-like) and with various molar masses. We provide information on polyglycidol-rich surfaces with protein-repelling properties. We also describe methods for the synthesis of polyglycidol-containing copolymers and the preparation of nano- and microparticles that could be derived from these copolymers. The paper summarizes recent advances in the application of polyglycidol and polyglycidol-containing polymers as drug carriers, reagents for diagnostic systems, and elements of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gosecki
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Gosecka
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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34
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Pichavant L, Carrié H, Durrieu MC, Héroguez V. Nanoparticles highly loaded with gentamicin sulfate by a combination of polyhydroxylated macromonomers and ROMP for the synthesis of bioactive biomaterials. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles highly loaded with gentamicin sulfate were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis copolymerization in a dispersion of norbornene with modified polyhydroxylated macromonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pichavant
- Université de Bordeaux
- LCPO
- UMR5629
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
| | - H. Carrié
- Université de Bordeaux
- LCPO
- UMR5629
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
| | | | - V. Héroguez
- Université de Bordeaux
- LCPO
- UMR5629
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
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35
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Roos K, Dolci E, Carlotti S, Caillol S. Activated anionic ring-opening polymerization for the synthesis of reversibly cross-linkable poly(propylene oxide) based on furan/maleimide chemistry. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01778e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controlled anionic copolymerization of propylene oxide and furfuryl glycidyl ether was developed for the synthesis of reversibly cross-linkable polyethers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Dolci
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR-5253
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier
| | | | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR-5253
- CNRS
- Université Montpellier
- 34296 Montpellier
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36
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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37
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Herzberger J, Frey H. Epicyanohydrin: Polymerization by Monomer Activation Gives Access to Nitrile-, Amino-, and Carboxyl-Functional Poly(ethylene glycol). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate
School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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38
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Roos K, Carlotti S. Grignard-based anionic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide activated by triisobutylaluminum. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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39
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Zhang J, Wang G. Polymers with complicated architectures constructed from the versatile, functional monomer 1-ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Isono T, Asai S, Satoh Y, Takaoka T, Tajima K, Kakuchi T, Satoh T. Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Glycidylamine Derivatives Using t-Bu-P4/Alcohol Initiating System Leading to Polyethers with Pendant Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amino Groups. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Isono
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Asai
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Takaoka
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of
Engineering, and ‡Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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41
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Klein R, Wurm FR. Aliphatic Polyethers: Classical Polymers for the 21st Century. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1147-65. [PMID: 25967116 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethers-polymers with the structural element (R'-O-R)n in their backbone--are an old class of polymers which were already used at the time of the ancient Egyptians. However, still today these materials are highly important with applications in all areas of our life, reaching from the automotive and paper industry to cosmetics and biomedical applications. In this Review, different aliphatic polyethers like poly(epoxide)s, poly(oxetane)s, and poly(tetrahydrofuran) are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the history, the polymerization techniques (industrially and in academia), the properties, the applications as well as recent developments of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School "Material Science in Mainz", Staudingerweg 9, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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42
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Kuhlmann M, Groll J. Dispersity control of linear poly(glycidyl ether)s by slow monomer addition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this communication we demonstrate that the extent of dispersity of poly(allyl glycidyl ether) and poly(ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether) can be reduced by slow monomer addition with potassium tert-butoxide as initiator and THF as solvent at 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kuhlmann
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97070 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - J. Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97070 Würzburg
- Germany
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43
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ISONO T, SATOH Y, KAKUCHI T, SATOH T. Phosphazene Base-Catalyzed Living Ring-Opening Polymerization System for Substituted Epoxides. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2015. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2014-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya ISONO
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Yusuke SATOH
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Toyoji KAKUCHI
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Toshifumi SATOH
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
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44
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Herzberger J, Kurzbach D, Werre M, Fischer K, Hinderberger D, Frey H. Stimuli-Responsive Tertiary Amine Functional PEGs Based on N,N-Dialkylglycidylamines. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Department
of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter Campus 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Werre
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg
11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute
of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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45
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Müller SS, Moers C, Frey H. A Challenging Comonomer Pair: Copolymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Glycidyl Methyl Ether to Thermoresponsive Polyethers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg
9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Moers
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg
9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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46
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Thomas A, Müller SS, Frey H. Beyond Poly(ethylene glycol): Linear Polyglycerol as a Multifunctional Polyether for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1935-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5002608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Thomas
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophie S. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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47
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Isono T, Satoh Y, Miyachi K, Chen Y, Sato SI, Tajima K, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Synthesis of Linear, Cyclic, Figure-Eight-Shaped, and Tadpole-Shaped Amphiphilic Block Copolyethers via t-Bu-P4-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Glycidyl Ethers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Isono
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kana Miyachi
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yougen Chen
- Division
of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division
of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division
of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division
of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Division
of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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48
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Schulte B, Walther A, Keul H, Möller M. Polyglycidol-Based Prepolymers to Tune the Nanostructure of Microgels. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401465c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Schulte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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49
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Sokolovskaya E, Barner L, Bräse S, Lahann J. Synthesis and On-Demand Gelation of Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:780-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolovskaya
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Soft Matter Synthesis Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jörg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute, Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan; 2800 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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50
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Southan A, Hoch E, Schönhaar V, Borchers K, Schuh C, Müller M, Bach M, Tovar GEM. Side chain thiol-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) by post-polymerization modification of hydroxyl groups: synthesis, crosslinking and inkjet printing. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiol functionalized PEG-based polymers were synthesized by post polymerization reactions of hydroxyl functionalized polymers. Applications of the polymers in cell culture and inkjet printing were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Hoch
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Veronika Schönhaar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kirsten Borchers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schuh
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monika Bach
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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