1
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Gao P, Masato D. The Effects of Nucleating Agents and Processing on the Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:776. [PMID: 38930746 PMCID: PMC11206032 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biobased, biodegradable, non-toxic polymer widely considered for replacing traditional petroleum-based polymer materials. Being a semi-crystalline material, PLA has great potential in many fields, such as medical implants, drug delivery systems, etc. However, the slow crystallization rate of PLA limited the application and efficient fabrication of highly crystallized PLA products. This review paper investigated and summarized the influence of formulation, compounding, and processing on PLA's crystallization behaviors and mechanical performances. The paper reviewed the literature from different studies regarding the impact of these factors on critical crystallization parameters, such as the degree of crystallinity, crystallization rate, crystalline morphology, and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, modulus, elongation, and impact resistance. Understanding the impact of the factors on crystallization and mechanical properties is critical for PLA processing technology innovations to meet the requirements of various applications of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 18015, USA
- Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Engineering and Design, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Davide Masato
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 18015, USA
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2
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Zhang T, Li J, Wang Y, Han W, Wei Y, Hu Y, Liang Z, Lian X, Huang D. Hydroxyapatite/Polyurethane Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:60-73. [PMID: 37440330 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) and PU ceramic scaffolds are the principal materials investigated for developing synthetic bone materials due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. PU has been combined with calcium phosphate (such as hydroxyapatite [HA] and tricalcium phosphate) to prepare scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This article reviews the latest progress in the design, synthesis, modification, and biological attributes of HA/PU scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Diverse HA/PU scaffolds have been proposed and discussed in terms of their osteogenic, antimicrobial, biocompatibility, and bioactivities. The application progress of HA/PU scaffolds in bone tissue engineering is predominantly introduced, including bone repair, bone defect filling, drug delivery, and long-term implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weimo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nanobiomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, PR China
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3
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Larrañaga X, Sarasua JR, Zuza E. Role of Inorganic Fillers on the Physical Aging and Toughness Loss of PLLA/BaSO 4 Composites. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:9620-9631. [PMID: 38021210 PMCID: PMC10653123 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The addition of inorganic fillers has been reported to increase the toughness of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), but the effect of physical aging in such composites has been neglected. The present work discusses the effect of the still ongoing segmental relaxation in PLLA-based composites filled with BaSO4 inorganic particles in regard of the filler quantity. By means of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and tensile testing of progressively aged PLLA filled with particles ranging from 0.5-10 wt %, we observed an increase in the mechanical energy required to activate the plastic flow of the primary structure in the PLLA matrix, which resulted in the embrittlement of the majority of composites upon enough aging. Results further clarify the role of debonding in the activation process of PLLA, and the behavior of the composite is described at the segmental level. Only an addition of 10% of particles has effectively preserved a ductile behavior of the samples beyond 150 aging days; therefore, we strongly remark the significance of studying the effect of physical aging in such composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy
Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Jose R. Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy
Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Ester Zuza
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy
Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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4
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Niu D, Shen T, Xu P, Yu M, Liu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Ma P. Enhanced crystallization, heat resistance and transparency of poly(lactic acid) with self-assembling bis-amide nucleator. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123584. [PMID: 36796569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is limited by its low crystallization rate. Conventional methods to increase crystallization rate usually result in a significant loss of transparency. In this work, a bundled bis-amide organic compound N'-(3-(hydrazinyloxy)benzoyl)-1-naphthohydrazide (HBNA) was used as a nucleator to prepare PLA/HBNA blends with enhanced crystallization, heat resistance and transparency. HBNA dissolves in PLA matrix at high temperature and self-assembles into bundle microcrystals by intermolecular hydrogen bonding at a lower temperature, which induces PLA to form ample spherulites and "shish-kebab-like" structure rapidly. The effects of HBNA assembling behavior and nucleation activity on the PLA properties and the corresponding mechanism are systematically investigated. As a result, the crystallization temperature of PLA increased from 90 °C to 123 °C by adding as low as 0.75 wt% of HBNA, and the half-crystallization time (t1/2) at 135 °C decreased from 31.0 min to 1.5 min. More importantly, the PLA/HBNA maintains good transparency (transmittance > 75 % and haze is ca. 27 %) due to the decreased crystal size, even though the crystallinity of PLA is increased to 40 %, which also led to good heat resistance. The present work is expected to expand the application of PLA in packaging and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianfeng Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Manman Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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5
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Zhao X, Yu J, Liang X, Huang Z, Li J, Peng S. Crystallization behaviors regulations and mechanical performances enhancement approaches of polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable materials modified by organic nucleating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123581. [PMID: 36758767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted much attention because of its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. However, the slow crystallization rate of PLA during molding leads to its poor heat resistance, which limit its diffusion for many industrial applications. In this review, the relationship between PLA crystallization and its molecular structure and processing conditions is summarized. From the perspective of the regulation of PLA crystallization by organic nucleating agents, the research progress of organic micromolecule (e.g., esters, amides, and hydrazides), organic salt, supramolecular, and macromolecule nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior of PLA is mainly introduced. The nucleation mechanism of PLA is expounded by organic nucleating agents, and the effect of the interaction force between organic nucleating agents and PLA molecular chains on the crystallization behavior of PLA is analyzed. The effects of the crystallization behavior of PLA on its mechanical properties and heat resistance are discussed. It will provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of high-efficiency nucleating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zepeng Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
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6
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Liu H, Hu J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Song J. A dual role of D-Sorbitol in crystallizing and processing poly (lactic acid). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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7
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Sun YL, Tu LJ, Tsou CH, Lin SM, Lin L, De Guzman MR, Zeng R, Xia Y. Thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable nanocomposites prepared by poly(lactic acid)/acetyl tributyl citrate reinforced with attapulgite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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8
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Guo S, Zhou Z, Yu S, Chen Z, Xiang H, Zhu M. The synergistic effect of heterogeneous nucleation and stress-induced crystallization on supramolecular structure and performances of poly(lactic acid) melt-spun fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1579-1587. [PMID: 36503823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a kind of bio-based polymer, poly (lactic acid) has potential application in fibers fields. Due to the weak nucleation ability, PLA crystallizes slowly and forms large spherulites during the forming process, which deteriorates the properties of PLA fibers. In this work, melt-spun method is employed for the fabrication of PLA/T composite fibers using succinate diphenyl dihydrazide (TMC-306) as the nucleating agent, and then the hot-drawing and heat setting is performed to the as-spun fibers. Compared with pure PLA fibers, PLA/T fibers show faster crystallization rate and improved performance due to the synergistic effect of heterogeneous nucleation and stress-induced crystallization. The characterization of non-isothermal crystallization behavior indicates that the peak crystallization temperature as well as crystallinity of PLA composites is increased to 121.5 °C and 36.78 % respectively by blending 0.3 wt% TMC-306. Meanwhile, the obtained PLA/0.3T composite fibers are highly crystallized and oriented at hot-drawing ratio of 2.4 folds and heat setting temperature of 100 °C, and the conformational stability is noticeably enhanced. Further, the tensile strength and storage modulus of PLA/0.3T composite fiber are 3.46 cN/dtex and 46,953 MPa respectively, which are increased by 42 % and 41 % compared with neat PLA fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Senlong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhongbi Chen
- Anhui BBCA Biofiber Co., Ltd, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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9
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Crystallinity effect on electron-induced molecular structure transformations in additive-free PLA. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Yang SG, Zhang LQ, Cui J, Zeng XB, Guo B, Liu F, Ungar G. Morphology of Shear-Induced Polymer Cylindrites Revealed by 3D Optical Imaging. Macromolecules 2022; 56:198-206. [PMID: 36644554 PMCID: PMC9835984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon confocal laser microscopy was used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of the morphology of poly(lactic acid) after shear-induced crystallization. The necessary fluorescence contrast was achieved by doping the polymer with Nile Red. The dye gets partially rejected from the growing crystalline aggregates during their formation, thus creating a renderable high-low fluorescence boundary outlining the shape of the aggregates. Parallel-plate melt-shearing and pulling a glass fiber through the melt were used as the two methods to achieve shear-induced crystallization. This study focuses on the shape of the resulting cylindrites, i.e., large-diameter shish-kebabs. The first 3D images of polymer cylindrites show that, if far from boundaries, they are circular cylinders, highly regular after fiber pull, but less so after parallel-plate shear. In the latter case, the cylindrite reveals the trajectory of the foreign particle that had nucleated its growth. Interestingly, lateral growth of the cylindrites was found to accelerate toward the sample surface when approaching it, giving the cylindrite an elliptical cross section. Furthermore and surprisingly, in the case of fiber pull, a row of spherulites is nucleated at the polymer-substrate interface nearest to the fiber, aligned along the fiber axis and appearing ahead of the rest of the space-filling spherulites. Both the phenomena, elliptical cylindrites and row of spherulites, are attributed to negative pressure buildup peaking at the cylindrite growth front and at the nearby film surface caused by crystallization-induced volume contraction. The pressure and flow distribution in the system is confirmed by numerical simulation. The results illustrate the value of 3D imaging of crystalline morphology in polymer science and polymer processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China,
| | - Liang-Qing Zhang
- College
of Material Science and Engineering, Xi’an
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710054, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Xiang-bing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, SheffieldS1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Baolin Guo
- State
Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute
of Science and Technology, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Goran Ungar
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China,Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, SheffieldS1 3JD, U.K.,;
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11
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Morphology and Properties of Polyolefin Elastomer/Polyamide 6/Poly(lactic Acid) In Situ Special-Shaped Microfibrillar Composites: Influence of Viscosity Ratio. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214556. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Situ microfibrillation is an easy and economical processing method, which has drawn wide concern in recent years. In Situ special-shaped microfibrillar composites, which with poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 (PA6/PLA) together formed special-shaped microfibrils in polyolefin elastomer (POE) matrix, were successfully prepared by using multistage stretching extrusion technology. Four types of PA6 with different viscosity were utilized to investigate the effect of viscosity ratio of PA6 to PLA on the structure evolution of special-shaped microfibrils and the mechanical properties of POE/(PA6/PLA) composites. The morphological observation showed that the viscosity ratio was closely associated to the size and shape of PA6 and greatly affected the microfibrillar morphology of PLA/PA6. When the viscosity ratio of PA6 to PLA was less than 2.2, the “gourd-skewers-like” structure microfibrils were obtained. When the viscosity ratio of PA6/PLA to 14.2 was further increased, the “trepang” structure microfibrils were dominant. The “gourd skewers” structure microfibrils were favorable to improvement the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and viscoelastic properties of POE/(PA6/PLA) blends compared to the “trepang” structure microfibrils. In addition, the morphology of microfibrils exhibited a negligible effect on the melting and crystallization temperature and crystallization degree of PLA and POE matrix. This work provides a new strategy for designing the in situ special-shaped microfibrillar composites with improved mechanical properties.
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12
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Chen X, Yao J, Yu J, Mi M, Xu Y, Bai H. Toward Heat-Resistant and Transparent Poly( l-lactide) by Tailoring Crystallization with an Aliphatic Amide as a Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ju Yao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Mi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang H, Liu H, Zhang N. A Review of Microinjection Moulding of Polymeric Micro Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1530. [PMID: 36144153 PMCID: PMC9504769 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micro devices are gaining huge market potential in broad areas of medical devices, diagnostic devices, drug delivery, and optical applications. Current research is focusing on developing functional polymeric micro devices on a mass-production scale. Microinjection moulding is a promising technique suitable for fabricating polymeric micro devices. This review aims to summarise the primary achievements that have been achieved in various aspects of microinjection moulding of polymer micro devices, consisting of micro parts and micro surface structures. The relationships of the machine, process, rheology, tooling, micro/nanoscale replication, morphology, properties, and typical applications are reviewed in detail. Finally, a conclusion and challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Developing a cerium lactate antibacterial nucleating agent for multifunctional polylactic acid packaging film. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:56-66. [PMID: 35973481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the packaging industry, people have high requirements for the functionality of packaging materials. As a representative biodegradable packaging material, polylactic acid (PLA) still has some problems. Multifunctional additives in PLA are an effective modification method. In this paper, cerium lactate (Ce-LA) was synthesized by a precipitation method and integrated into PLA to prepare a functional PLA composite. The results showed that Ce-LA not only significantly improved the crystallinity but also imparted antibacterial ability to PLA. When the concentration of Ce-LA was 0.9 %, the crystallinity of PLA reached 39.35 %, which was 77 % higher than that of pure PLA. When the addition of Ce-LA was 1.8 %, the antibacterial rates of PLA against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 93 % and 85 %, respectively. This study provides a beneficial solution for the development of PLA packaging materials with high crystallinity and antibacterial properties.
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15
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Jia S, Han L, Chen Y, Pan H, Wang X, Zhang H, Dong L, Zhang H. Effect of initial crystallization on microstructure and mechanical properties of uniaxially pre-stretched poly(L-lactic acid). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Huang A, Song X, Liu F, Wang H, Geng L, Chen B, Peng X, Wang Z, Tian G. Facile preparation of anisotropic
PLA
/
CNT
nanocomposites by hot and cold rolling processes for improving mechanical and conductive properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Xincheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Haokun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Lihong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Binyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products, School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China
| | - Genlin Tian
- Department of Biomaterials International Center for Bamboo and Rattan Beijing China
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17
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The influence of melt temperature on the crystal orientation of polypropylene containing talc. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Marano S, Laudadio E, Minnelli C, Stipa P. Tailoring the Barrier Properties of PLA: A State-of-the-Art Review for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1626. [PMID: 35458376 PMCID: PMC9029979 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well recognized that the production of petroleum-based packaging materials has created serious ecological problems for the environment due to their resistance to biodegradation. In this context, substantial research efforts have been made to promote the use of biodegradable films as sustainable alternatives to conventionally used packaging materials. Among several biopolymers, poly(lactide) (PLA) has found early application in the food industry thanks to its promising properties and is currently one of the most industrially produced bioplastics. However, more efforts are needed to enhance its performance and expand its applicability in this field, as packaging materials need to meet precise functional requirements such as suitable thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties. In particular, improving the mass transfer properties of materials to water vapor, oxygen, and/or carbon dioxide plays a very important role in maintaining food quality and safety, as the rate of typical food degradation reactions (i.e., oxidation, microbial development, and physical reactions) can be greatly reduced. Since most reviews dealing with the properties of PLA have mainly focused on strategies to improve its thermal and mechanical properties, this work aims to review relevant strategies to tailor the barrier properties of PLA-based materials, with the ultimate goal of providing a general guide for the design of PLA-based packaging materials with the desired mass transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marano
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.L.); (P.S.)
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19
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Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Biocomposites with Differently Treated Cellulose Fibers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082390. [PMID: 35458593 PMCID: PMC9032581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The growing concern about environmental pollution has generated an increased demand for biobased and biodegradable materials intended particularly for the packaging sector. Thus, this study focuses on the effect of two different cellulosic reinforcements and plasticized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The cellulose fibers containing lignin (CFw) were isolated from wood waste by mechanical treatment, while the ones without lignin (CF) were obtained from pure cellulose by acid hydrolysis. The biocomposites were prepared by means of a melt compounding-masterbatch technique for the better dispersion of additives. The effect of the presence or absence of lignin and of the size of the cellulosic fibers on the properties of PLA and PLA/PHB was emphasized by using in situ X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and mechanical and thermal analyses. An improvement of the mechanical properties of PLA and PLA/PHB was achieved in the presence of CF fibers due to their smaller size, while CFw fibers promoted an increased thermal stability of PLA/PHB, owing to the presence of lignin. The overall thermal and mechanical results show the great potential of using cheap cellulose fibers from wood waste to obtain PLA/PHB-based materials for packaging applications as an alternative to using fossil based materials. In addition, in situ X-ray diffraction analysis over a large temperature range has proven to be a useful technique to better understand changes in the crystal structure of complex biomaterials.
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20
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Nucleating Agents to Enhance Poly(l-Lactide) Fiber Crystallization during Industrial-Scale Melt Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071395. [PMID: 35406268 PMCID: PMC9002846 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleating agent N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalamide (BHET) has promising effects on poly(l-lactide) (PLA) under quiescent conditions and for injection molding applications, but its suitability for industrial-scale fiber melt spinning is unclear. We therefore determined the effects of 1% and 2% (w/w) BHET on the crystallinity, tenacity, and elongation at break of PLA fibers compared to pure PLA and PLA plus talc as a reference nucleating agent. Fibers were spun at take-up velocities of 800, 1400 and 2000 m/min and at drawing at ratios of 1.1–4.0, reaching a final winding speed of 3600 m/min. The fibers were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography and tensile testing. Statistical analysis of variance was used to determine the combined effects of the spin-line parameters on the material properties. We found that the fiber draw ratio and take-up velocity were the most important factors affecting tenacity and elongation, but the addition of BHET reduced the mechanical performance of the fibers. The self-organizing properties of BHET were not expressed due to the rapid quenching of the fibers, leading to the formation of α′-crystals. Understanding the behavior of BHET in the PLA matrix provides information on the performance of nucleation agents during high-speed processing that will allow processing improvements in the future.
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21
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Wu B, Kong C, Cai Y, Ye L, Chen S, Li S, Zhao X. Formation and reinforcing effect of epitaxial oriented crystallization of polyethylene induced by self‐assembly nucleating agent under stress. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yudong Cai
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Beijing China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shangtao Chen
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Beijing China
| | - Shuanhong Li
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Beijing China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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22
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Wang W, Saperdi A, Dodero A, Castellano M, Müller AJ, Dong X, Wang D, Cavallo D. Crystallization of a Self-Assembling Nucleator in Poly(l-lactide) Melt. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:5880-5888. [PMID: 34650340 PMCID: PMC8499044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, crystallization of a soluble nucleator N, N', N″-tricyclohexyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylamide (TMC-328) in a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix has been studied at different temperatures. Based on the change in solubility with temperature, different levels of supersaturation of TMC-328 in a PLLA matrix can be obtained. This nucleator presents a fibrous structure produced via self-assembling and develops into an interconnected network when the temperature is lowered. The TMC-328 crystal nuclei density is quantified via optical microscopy, using the average distance of the adjacent fibrillar structure, which shows a steady decrease with the decrease in temperature. The crystallization rates of TMC-328 were assessed through rheological measurements of network formation. Both fibrils' density and crystallization kinetics display a power law dependence on supersaturation. For the first time, the solid-melt interfacial energy, the size of the critical nucleus, and the number of molecules making up the critical nucleus of the nucleator TMC-328 in the PLLA matrix have been determined by adopting the classical nucleation theory. The subsequent crystallization of PLLA induced by this nucleator was investigated as a function of the fibrils' spatial density. The crystallization rate of PLLA is enhanced with the increase in the TMC-328 fibrils' density because of the availability of a larger nucleating surface. The self-assembled fibril of TMC-328 can serve as shish to form a hybrid shish-kebab structure after the crystallization of PLLA, regardless of the number of nucleation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Angelo Saperdi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Andrea Dodero
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Maila Castellano
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia—San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Xia Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
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23
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Wu Y, Lin X, Li J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Song L, Hao X, Lin F, Wang S, Dong T. Polylactic Acid/Cerium Fluoride Films: Effects of Cerium Fluoride on Mechanical Properties, Crystallinity, Thermal Behavior, and Transparency. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4882. [PMID: 34500972 PMCID: PMC8432698 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PLA is widely used in the field of disposable products for its good transparency, high strength, high modulus, and good processing performance. However, the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLA are weak. In actual production, the PLA products that are typically obtained are amorphous with poor heat resistance, which greatly limits the application range of PLA products. Finding an effective nucleating agent to improve the transparency of PLA has been a hot topic in research. This study found that Cerium fluoride (CeF3) can effectively improve the crystallinity of PLA/CeF3 (P/F) films. When the content of CeF3 in PLA was 1 wt %, the retention ratio of visible light transmittance was 82.36%, the crystallinity was 29.8%, and the tensile strength was 59.92 MPa. Compared to pure PLA, the crystallinity of P/F1 increased by 56% and tensile strength increased by 8.76%. This study provided an alternative scheme that maintained the PLA film's transparency and improved the crystallinity of PLA, which significantly expanded the application of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yincai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (F.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xintu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Jinlei Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Chuanxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xihai Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (F.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Tungalag Dong
- School of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, China;
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24
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Goodsel J, Madbouly S. Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable material that can be processed using the common processing techniques, such as injection molding, extrusion, and blow molding. PLA has widely been researched and tested due to its biodegradable nature. As a biodegradable material, PLA can be subject to some inherently poor qualities, such as its brittleness, weak mechanical properties, small processing windows, or poor electrical and thermal properties. In order to nullify some of these issues, nanofiller composites have been added to the polymer matrix, such as nanocellulose, nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Dye-clay hybrid nanopigments (DCNP) have been used to explore potential applications in the food packaging industry with promising results. Several different compatibilizers have been studied as well, with the goal of increasing the mechanical properties of blends. A key application for PLA is in wound healing and surgical work, with a few studies described in the present chapter. Finally, the superwettability of dopamine modified PLA is examined, with promising results for separation of oily wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Goodsel
- Behrend College, School of Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , Erie , PA 16563 , USA
| | - Samy Madbouly
- Behrend College, School of Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , Erie , PA 16563 , USA
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25
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Pan H, Wang X, Jia S, Lu Z, Bian J, Yang H, Han L, Zhang H. Fiber-induced crystallization in polymer composites: A comparative study on poly(lactic acid) composites filled with basalt fiber and fiber powder. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:45-54. [PMID: 33892033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with the silane coupling agent treated basalt fiber (SBF) and basalt fiber powder (SBFP) were prepared. The crystalline morphology, mechanical properties, and heat resistance of PLA/SBF/SBFP composites were investigated. The results indicated that SBF or SBFP not only acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents for PLA crystallization but also improved the mechanical properties and heat resistance of PLA. Morphological analyses showed that SBFP could play nucleating role to reduce the spherulites size of PLA, and SBF could restrict the mobility of PLA chains and construct interface crystallization for PLA during isothermal crystallization process. The composites with higher SBF loading, the "Transcrystalline-network" built in the composites significantly improved the heat resistance properties of PLA. Due to the synergistic effect of SBF and SBFP, the PLA/SBF/SBFP composites showed high heat deformation temperature (HDT), especially after isothermal crystallization, the HDT increased to 150.5 °C for the PLA/SBF/SBFP 50/10/40 composite, much higher (about 190%) than that of pure PLA (71.7 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China.; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shiling Jia
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China.; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junjia Bian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lijing Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China..
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
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26
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Park IH, Lee JY, Ahn SJ, Choi HJ. Melt Rheology and Mechanical Characteristics of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Alkylated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2402. [PMID: 33086526 PMCID: PMC7603137 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites were synthesized by a solution blending and coagulation method using alkylated graphene oxide (AGO) as a reinforcing agent. Turbiscan confirmed that the alkylation of GO led to enhanced compatibility between the matrix and the filler. The improved dispersity of the filler resulted in superior interfacial adhesion between the PLA chains and AGO basal plane, leading to enhanced mechanical and rheological properties compared to neat PLA. The tensile strength and elongation at break, i.e., ductility, increased by 38% and 42%, respectively, at the same filler content nanocomposite (PLA/AGO 1 wt %) compared to nonfiller PLA. Rheological analysis of the nanocomposites in the molten state of the samples was performed to understand the filler network formed inside the matrix. The storage modulus increased significantly from PLA/AGO 0.5 wt % (9.6 Pa) to PLA/AGO 1.0 wt % (908 Pa). This indicates a percolation threshold between the two filler contents. A steady shear test was performed to examine the melt flow characteristics of PLA/AGO nanocomposites at 170 °C, and the viscosity was predicted using the Carreau-Yasuda model.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.H.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.H.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Seung Jae Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.H.P.); (J.Y.L.)
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27
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Yu MM, Yang WJ, Niu DY, Cai XX, Weng YX, Dong WF, Chen MQ, Xu PW, Wang Y, Chu H, Ma PM. Enhancing the Crystallization Performance of Poly(L-lactide) by Intramolecular Hybridizing with Tunable Self-assembly-type Oxalamide Segments. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Malafeev KV, Moskalyuk OA, Yudin VE, Morganti P, Ivan’kova EM, Popova EN, Elokhovskii VY, Vaganov GV. Study of Physicomechanical Properties of Composite Fibers Based on Polylactide and Modified Chitin Nanofibrils. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Andrzejewski J, Skórczewska K, Kloziński A. Improving the Toughness and Thermal Resistance of Polyoxymethylene/Poly(lactic acid) Blends: Evaluation of Structure-Properties Correlation for Reactive Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E307. [PMID: 32028602 PMCID: PMC7077397 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focuses on the development of polyoxymethylene (POM)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with increased impact and thermal resistance. The study was conducted in two phases; in the first part, a series of unmodified blends with PLA content of 25, 50, and 75 wt.% was prepared, while the second part focused on the modification of the PLA/POM (50/50) blends. An ethylene/butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (E/BA/GMA) elastomer (EBA) was used to improve the impact strength of the prepared blends, while reactive blending was used to improve interfacial interactions. We used a multifunctional epoxy chain extender (CE) as the compatibilizer. Static tensile tests and notched Izod measurement were used to evaluate the mechanical performance of the prepared samples. The thermomechanical properties were investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) analysis and heat deflection temperature (HDT)/Vicat softening temperature (VST) methods. The crystallinity was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) measurements, while the rheology was evaluated using a rotational rheometer. The paper also includes a structure analysis performed using the SEM method. The structural tests show partial miscibility of the POM/PLA systems, resulting in the perfect compatibility of both phases. The impact properties of the final blends modified by the EBA/CE system were found to be similar to pure POM resin, while the E modulus was visibly improved. Favorable changes were also noticeable in the case of the thermomechanical properties. The results of most of the conducted measurements and microscopic observations confirm the high efficiency of the reaction for PLA as well as for the modified POM/PLA mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Andrzejewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Processing Division, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Kloziński
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
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30
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Liu T, Lian X, Li L, Peng X, Kuang T. Facile fabrication of fully biodegradable and biorenewable poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) in-situ nanofibrillar composites with high strength, good toughness and excellent heat resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Strong and ductile poly (lactic acid) achieved by carbon dioxide treatment at room temperature. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091529. [PMID: 31546970 PMCID: PMC6780387 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase the mechanical performance of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments by annealing and/or blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were reported. For filament printing at 210 °C, the PLA crystallinity increased significantly upon annealing. Specifically, for 2 h of annealing at 100 °C, the fracture surface became sufficiently coarse such that the PLA notched impact strength increased significantly (15 kJ m−2). The Vicat softening temperature (VST) increased to 160 °C, starting from an annealing time of 0.5 h. Similar increases in VST were obtained by blending with PHB (20 wt.%) at a lower printing temperature of 190 °C due to crystallization control. For the blend, the strain at break increased due to the presence of a second phase, with annealing only relevant for enhancing the modulus.
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Kong W, Zhu B, Su F, Wang Z, Shao C, Wang Y, Liu C, Shen C. Melting temperature, concentration and cooling rate-dependent nucleating ability of a self-assembly aryl amide nucleator on poly(lactic acid) crystallization. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Synergistic Mechanisms Underlie the Peroxide and Coagent Improvement of Natural-Rubber-Toughened Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Mechanical Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030565. [PMID: 30960549 PMCID: PMC6474129 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising bio-based and biodegradable thermoplastic with restricted industrial applications due to its brittleness and poor processability. Natural rubber (NR) has been used as a toughening agent, but further physical improvements are desired. In this study, rubber toughening efficiency was significantly improved through the synergistic use of a trifunctional acrylic coagent and an organic peroxide during reactive extrusion of PHBV and NR. The rheological, crystallization, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of PHBV/NR blends with 15% rubber loading were characterized. The peroxide and coagent synergistically crosslinked the rubber phase and grafted PHBV onto rubber backbones, leading to enhanced rubber modulus and cohesive strength as well as improved PHBV⁻rubber compatibility and blend homogeneity. Simultaneously, the peroxide⁻coagent treatment decreased PHBV crystallinity and crystal size and depressed peroxy-radical-caused PHBV degradation. The new PHBV/NR blends had a broader processing window, 75% better toughness (based on the notched impact strength data), and 100% better ductility (based on the tensile elongation data) than pristine PHBV. This new rubber-toughened PHBV material has balanced mechanical performance comparable to that of conventional thermoplastics and is suitable for a wide range of plastic applications.
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Achieving all-polylactide fibers with significantly enhanced heat resistance and tensile strength via in situ formation of nanofibrilized stereocomplex polylactide. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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38
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Sui T, Salvati E, Zhang H, Nyaza K, Senatov FS, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM. Probing the complex thermo-mechanical properties of a 3D-printed polylactide-hydroxyapatite composite using in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering. J Adv Res 2018; 16:113-122. [PMID: 30899594 PMCID: PMC6413298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ synchrotron X-ray study of PLA-HAp composite multi-scale thermo-mechanics. Mullins effect attributed to non-linear strain interaction of PLA lamella with HAp. Reversible PLA phase transformation at ∼60 °C, and irreversible above 92 °C. Compression → tension change of PLA lamella strain under tensile load & temperature. Addition of HAp filler enhances PLA shape memory effect and mechanical properties.
Polylactide (PLA)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite components have attracted extensive attentions for a variety of biomedical applications. This study seeks to explore how the biocompatible PLA matrix and the bioactive HAp fillers respond to thermo-mechanical environment of a PLA-HAp composite manufactured by 3D printing using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The insight is obtained by in situ synchrotron small- and wide- angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) techniques. The thermo-mechanical cyclic loading tests (0–20 MPa, 22–56 °C) revealed strain softening (Mullins effect) of PLA-HAp composite at both room and elevated temperatures (<56 °C), which can be attributed primarily to the non-linear deformation of PLA nanometre-scale lamellar structure. In contrast, the strain softening of the PLA amorphous matrix appeared only at elevated temperatures (>50 °C) due to the increased chain mobility. Above this temperature the deformation behaviour of the soft PLA lamella changes drastically. The thermal test (0–110 °C) identified multiple crystallisation mechanisms of the PLA amorphous matrix, including reversible stress-induced large crystal formation at room temperature, reversible coupled stress-temperature-induced PLA crystal formation appearing at around 60 °C, as well as irreversible heating-induced crystallisation above 92 °C. The shape memory test (0–3.75 MPa, 0–70 °C) of the PLA-HAp composite demonstrates a fixing ratio (strain upon unloading/strain before unloading) of 65% and rather a ∼100% recovery ratio, showing an improved shape memory property. These findings provide a new framework for systematic characterisation of the thermo-mechanical response of composites, and open up ways towards improved material design and enhanced functionality for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Sui
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Salvati
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill Nyaza
- Skoltech - Skolkovo University of Science and Technology, Nobel St., 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation.,National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049, Leninsky Prospect, 4, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor S Senatov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049, Leninsky Prospect, 4, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei I Salimon
- Skoltech - Skolkovo University of Science and Technology, Nobel St., 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation.,National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049, Leninsky Prospect, 4, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Korsunsky
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.,Skoltech - Skolkovo University of Science and Technology, Nobel St., 3, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
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Zhao LS, Cai YH. Investigating the Physical Properties of Poly(L-lactic acid) Modified Using an Aromatics Succinic Dihydrazide Derivative. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18070088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Syazwan M, Sasaki T. Rapid crystallization and mesophase formation of poly(L-lactic acid) during precipitation from a solution. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVery rapid crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) are observed at room temperature when it is precipitated from a chloroform solution into a large amount of alcohols (non-solvents). The resulting crystalline phase contains both a highly ordered (α) and less ordered (α′) modifications, and the fraction of these phases depends on the alcohols used as the non-solvents: methanol tends to produce the highly ordered phase. The degree of crystallinity tends to be high for lower alcohols. When the precipitation occurs in n-hexane, almost no crystalline phase is formed, but a mesomorphic phase is formed as a precursor to the crystalline phase. The results suggest that the hydroxyl group of alcohols tends to promote the crystallization of PLLA. However, it is found that the precipitation in methanol at lower temperatures, such as 0°C, does not yield any crystalline phase. It is suggested that the present rapid crystallization during precipitation originates from the enhanced mobility of PLLA molecules in a metastable (non-equilibrium) liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Syazwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910 8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910 8507, Japan
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41
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Gao T, Zhang ZM, Li L, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Xie BH, Yang MB, Yang W. Tailoring Crystalline Morphology by High-Efficiency Nucleating Fiber: Toward High-Performance Poly(l-lactide) Biocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20044-20054. [PMID: 29786415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a high-melting-point poly(l-lactide) fiber (hPLLA fiber) with high-efficiency nucleation activity was prepared and introduced into PLLA matrix to prepare fully biodegradable PLLA biocomposites. The highly active nucleating surfaces of the hPLLA fiber induced chain ordering and lamellar organization, leading to a preferable formation of well-organized PLLA transcrystallinity at the surface of the hPLLA fiber under quiescent conditions. The construction of such compact transcrystallinity increased the crystallinity and enhanced the interfacial adhesion, which largely promoted heat resistance, tensile strength, and barrier property of PLLA biocomposites at a low content of hPLLA fiber. With the addition of 1 wt % hPLLA fiber, the storage modulus of the PLLA biocomposite was enhanced by 82 times from 4 to 330 MPa at 80 °C and the oxygen permeability coefficient and water permeability coefficient were decreased by 52 and 51% to be 5.9 × 10-15 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa and 4.5 × 10-14 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa, respectively, compared with those of pure PLLA. Moreover, the transparency of PLLA was maintained with the incorporation of hPLLA fiber. Thus, this strategy paved a new way to prepare high-performance and fully biodegradable biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Zheng-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Bang-Hu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , Sichuan , China
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Xin R, Zhang J, Sun X, Li H, Ren Z, Yan S. Polymorphic Behavior and Phase Transition of Poly(1-Butene) and Its Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E556. [PMID: 30966590 PMCID: PMC6415376 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of semicrystalline polymeric materials depend remarkably on their structures, especially for those exhibiting a polymorphic behavior. This offers an efficient way to tailor their properties through crystal engineering. For control of the crystal structure, and therefore the physical and mechanical properties, a full understanding of the polymorph selection of polymers under varied conditions is essential. This has stimulated a mass of research work on the polymorphic crystallization and related phase transformation. Considering that the isotactic poly(1-butene) (iPBu) exhibits pronounced polymorphs and complicated transition between different phases, the study on its crystallization and phase transformation has attracted considerable attention during the past decades. This review provides the context of the recent progresses made on the crystallization and phase transition behavior of iPBu. We first review the crystal structures of known crystal forms and then their formation conditions and influencing factors. In addition, the inevitable form II to form I spontaneous transition mechanism and the transformation kinetics is reviewed based on the existing research works, aiming for it to be useful for its processing in different phases and the further technical development of new methods for accelerating or even bypass its form II to form I transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Wang Y, Wei Z, Li Y. Toughening polylactide with epoxidized styrene-butadiene impact resin: Mechanical, morphological, and rheological characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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Yi L, Xu Y, Li D, Shen J, Guo S, Sue HJ. Fabrication of Scratch Resistant Polylactide with Multilayered Shish-kebab Structure through Layer-Multiplying Coextrusion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123, United States
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Lan Q, Yu J, Zhang J, He J. Nucleation Enhancement in Stereodefective Poly(l-lactide) by Free Volume Expansion Resulting from Low-Temperature Pressure CO₂ Preconditioning. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E120. [PMID: 30966156 PMCID: PMC6415141 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleation enhancement in a highly stereodefective poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) with an optical purity of 88% by low-temperature pressure (0 and 35 °C under 2 MPa) CO₂ preconditioning was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy (POM) as well as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Despite the preconditioning of the melt-quenched films for 2 h, IR results indicated that no trace of mesophase was generated and the samples remained in the glassy state. However, judging from the results of DSC, IR, and POM, when compared to the untreated sample, both the treated ones showed a significantly enhanced crystal nucleation effect, resulting in the corresponding greatly enhanced crystallization kinetics. Moreover, owing to the existence of the retrograde vitrification, the conditions of the previous low-pressure CO₂ conditioning affected the nucleation enhancement effect. When compared to the case of 35 °C, the much lower temperature of 0 °C was more effective for nucleation enhancement. The PALS results indicated that the enlarged free volume, which resulted from the CO₂ conditioning, largely accounted for the formation of locally ordered structures, providing many more potential nucleation sites for forming critical nuclei and thus the resulting enhanced crystallization kinetics in glassy PLLA. The present results have implications in understanding the nucleation enhancement effect, in particular in stereodefective PLLA systems, which possess extremely low crystallization ability and are thus probably too problematic to be evaluated by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Lan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiasong He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.
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Feng Y, Ma P, Xu P, Wang R, Dong W, Chen M, Joziasse C. The crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) with different types of nucleating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:955-962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Monga S, Kaushik A, Gupta B. Optimization of controlled ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide to hydroxyl terminated polylactides using zinc acetate catalyst. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Enhancing Stereocomplexation Ability of Polylactide by Coalescing from Its Inclusion Complex with Urea. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110592. [PMID: 30965892 PMCID: PMC6418699 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polylactide/urea complexes were successfully prepared by the electrospinning method, then the host urea component was removed to obtain a coalesced poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) blend. The crystallization behavior of the coalesced PLLA/PDLA blend (c-PLLA/PDLA) was studied by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The c-PLLA/PDLA was found to show better crystallization ability than normal PLLA/PDLA blend (r-PLLA/PDLA). More interestingly, the c-PLLA/PDLA effectively and solely crystallized into stereocomplex crystals during the non-isothermal melt-crystallization process, and the reason was attributed to the equally-distributing state of PLLA and PDLA chains in the PLLA/PDLA/urea complex, which led to good interconnection between PLLA and PDLA chains when the urea frameworks were instantly removed.
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Monnier X, Chevalier L, Esposito A, Fernandez-Ballester L, Saiter A, Dargent E. Local and segmental motions of the mobile amorphous fraction in semi-crystalline polylactide crystallized under quiescent and flow-induced conditions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Wang L, Gramlich WM, Gardner DJ. Improving the impact strength of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in fused layer modeling (FLM). POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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