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Chiș A, Noubissi PA, Pop OL, Mureșan CI, Fokam Tagne MA, Kamgang R, Fodor A, Sitar-Tăut AV, Cozma A, Orășan OH, Hegheș SC, Vulturar R, Suharoschi R. Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Mechanisms of Action, Focus on Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 38202328 PMCID: PMC10780634 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a tropical tree native to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan; it is cultivated for its nutritious leaves, pods, and seeds. This scientific study was conducted to outline the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds from M. oleifera. The existing research has found that the plant is used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals: flavonoids and polyphenols. The compounds are thought to exert their anti-inflammatory effects due to: (1) inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes: quercetin and kaempferol inhibit the pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase); (2) regulation of cytokine production: isothiocyanates modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway; isothiocyanates inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β); and (3) antioxidant activity: M. oleifera contains flavonoids, polyphenols, known to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. The review includes M. oleifera's effects on cardiovascular protection, anti-hypertensive activities, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This research could prove valuable for exploring the pharmacological potential of M. oleifera and contributing to the prospects of developing effective medicines for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Paul Aimé Noubissi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Oana-Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Ioana Mureșan
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michel Archange Fokam Tagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454, Cameroon;
| | - René Kamgang
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Simona Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Afsharfar M, Salimi Z, Aminnezhad kavkani B, Shekari S, Abbastorki S, Majidi N, Gholamalizadeh M, Jarrahi AM, Hajipour A, Shafaei H, Doaei S. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with the different types of dietary carbohydrates: a cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1139-1143. [PMID: 37975105 PMCID: PMC10638219 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Many factors like sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and obesity are involved in the increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dietary consumption of carbohydrates may has a role in the risk of NAFLD. This study aimed to investigate the association of NAFLD with the different types of dietary carbohydrates. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 4200 participants including 660 patients with NAFLD and 3540 helathy individuals without NAFLD ages 35 to 70 in sabzevar, Iran. Data on socio-deomgraphic status, anthropomrtric measurments, blood tests, and dietary intake of different types of dietary carbohydrates was collected. Results The patients with NAFLD had a significantly higher dietary intake of glucose (29.38 ± 18.29 vs. 27.42 ± 15.96 g/d, P = 0.01) and fructose (33.99 ± 20.19 vs. 31.95 ± 18.34 g/d, P = 0.01) compared to the healthy people. A positive association was observed between NAFLD with the total intake of carbohydrates after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (OR: 1.001, CI 95%: 1-1.002, P = 0.04) The association remained significant after further adjustments for for education level, marital status, physical activity, smoking, and drinking alcohol (Model 2) and after additional adjustments for calorie intake (Model 3). Conclusions This study showed a positive association between total dietary carbohydrate and NAFLD. In particular, the amount of dietary of carbohydrates (regardless of the type of carbohydrate) may worsen NAFLD. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Afsharfar
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saheb Abbastorki
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Majidi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti Nursing and Midwifery School of Rasht, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Naghizadeh MM, Osati S, Homayounfar R, Masoudi-Nejad A. Food co-consumption network as a new approach to dietary pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20703. [PMID: 38001137 PMCID: PMC10673913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns strongly correlate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed societies. In this study, we introduce a new definition, the co-consumption network (CCN), which depicts the common consumption patterns of food groups through network analysis. We then examine the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD by analyzing this network. We selected 1500 individuals living in Tehran, Iran, cross-sectionally. They completed a food frequency questionnaire and underwent scanning via the FibroScan for liver stiffness, using the CAP score. The food items were categorized into 40 food groups. We reconstructed the CCN using the Spearman correlation-based connection. We then created healthy and unhealthy clusters using the label propagation algorithm. Participants were assigned to two clusters using the hypergeometric distribution. Finally, we classified participants into two healthy NAFLD networks, and reconstructed the gender and disease differential CCNs. We found that the sweet food group was the hub of the proposed CCN, with the largest cliques of size 5 associated with the unhealthy cluster. The unhealthy module members had a significantly higher CAP score (253.7 ± 47.8) compared to the healthy module members (218.0 ± 46.4) (P < 0.001). The disease differential CCN showed that in the case of NAFLD, processed meat had been co-consumed with mayonnaise and soft drinks, in contrast to the healthy participants, who had co-consumed fruits with green leafy and yellow vegetables. The CCN is a powerful method for presenting food groups, their consumption quantity, and their interactions efficiently. Moreover, it facilitates the examination of the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeed Osati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang MY, Prabahar K, Găman MA, Zhang JL. Vitamin E supplementation in the treatment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Evidence from an umbrella review of meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:380-389. [PMID: 37503812 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted this umbrella review of meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials to clarify the effects of vitamin E administration on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), degrees of steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to identify pertinent articles published up to June 2023. To calculate the overall effect size (ES) and confidence intervals (CI), random-effects model was used. RESULTS Six meta-analyses were included in the umbrella review. By pooling ES based on the random-effects model, we found that vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased ALT (ES -6.47, 95% CI -11.73 to -1.22, P = 0.01), AST (ES -5.35, 95% CI -9.78 to -0.93, P = 0.01), degrees of fibrosis (ES -0.24, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.12, P < 0.001) and steatosis (ES -0.67, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.45, P < 0.001) in NAFLD patients, but had no effect on GGT. In the subgroup analyses, we detected that fibrosis scores notably decreased when vitamin E dosage was >600 IU/day (ES -0.25, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.10, P = 0.002) and when the treatment duration was ≥12 months (ES -0.24, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.12, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitamin E administration improves ALT, AST, fibrosis, and steatosis in NAFLD subjects. Fibrosis scores were significantly reduced when vitamin E dosage exceeded 600 IU/day or with a treatment duration of at least 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jin Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Komiya Y, Sugiyama M, Koyama C, Kameshima S, Ochiai M, Adachi Y, Yokoyama I, Fukasawa H, Yoshioka K, Arihara K. Dietary olive oil intake induces female-specific hepatic lipid accumulation without metabolic impairment in mice. Nutr Res 2023; 112:11-19. [PMID: 36934523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is one of the most widely researched Mediterranean diet components in both experimental models and clinical studies. However, the relationship between dietary olive oil intake and liver function in a healthy state of the body remains unclear. Because men are at a greater risk of developing hepatic diseases than women, and because hepatic metabolism is regulated by sex hormones, we hypothesized that olive oil-induced changes in hepatic metabolism would differ by sex. To test our hypothesis, 12-week-old C57BL/6JJcl male and female mice were fed an olive oil diet for 4 weeks. Blood was collected and serum biochemical components were analyzed. Hepatic lipid accumulation was determined via histological analysis using Sudan III staining. Finally, transcript expression levels of hepatic metabolism-related genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed significant increased hepatic lipid droplet accumulation in olive oil-fed female mice. Serum biochemical and liver messenger RNA expression analyses revealed that the hepatic lipid accumulation was nonpathological and did not involve inflammation. Moreover, the expression of genes related to triacylglycerol and fatty acid synthesis (Dgat1, Dgat2, Agpat3, and Fasn) was significantly upregulated in the liver of olive oil-fed female mice compared with control female mice. Our study demonstrates female-specific hepatic lipid accumulation without liver impairment in a dietary olive oil-fed mouse model. These findings provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of sex-dependent hepatic lipid metabolism of dietary oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Chika Koyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameshima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masaru Ochiai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuto Adachi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Issei Yokoyama
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hanae Fukasawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshioka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Iwanaga S, Matsuse H, Hashida R, Bekki M, Kawaguchi T, Shiba N. The Effect of Walking Combined with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Liver Stiffness and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. Kurume Med J 2023; 67:137-146. [PMID: 36450482 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms674001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Increased liver stiffness and insulin resistance are important therapeutic targets in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A hybrid training system (HTS) has been developed which combines application of electrical stimulation and volitional contractions. We compared the effect of walking exercise (5.6 km/h) both with and without simultaneous HTS on liver stiffness and insulin resistance. In a single-blind, controlled trial, 32 subjects with NAFLD were randomized to 12 weeks of triweekly 30 minute walking exercise with either HTS (HTS group) or without HTS (control group). Transient elastography for the assessment of liver stiffness, body weight, visceral fat, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were evaluated. Data were evaluated using the linear model after adjusting the baseline value. In the subjects with BMI of 27 kg/m2 or more, the decrement of transient elastography in the HTS group was significantly larger than in the control group (mean ± standard error: Δ2.13 ± 0.64 kPa vs. Δ-0.67 ± 0.42 kPa, p=0.0009). There were no significant differences between groups in other endpoints. These results showed that simultaneously combining electrical stimulation with walking exercise could potentially improve liver stiffness in people who have NAFLD. In fact, because the exercise effect was increased by HTS without increasing the walking speed, this HTS could be especially useful for obese or overweight subjects, in whom NAFLD and joint problems often coexist. However, its effects on insulin resistance and body composition were not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Iwanaga
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital
| | - Hiroo Matsuse
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital
| | - Ryuki Hashida
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital
| | | | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Naoto Shiba
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital
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Ye S, Liu Y, Zhang T, Feng H, Liu Y, Ma L. Analysis of the correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of colorectal neoplasms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1068432. [PMID: 36438843 PMCID: PMC9682006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1068432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at assessing the potential association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and colorectal neoplasms (CRN). PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for cohort studies. 14 cohort studies with a total population of 38,761,773 were included for meta-analysis after selection. The results showed that NAFLD is related to an increased risk of CRN (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.14-1.32; I2 = 70.7%, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, NAFLD were found to be the independent risk factor of colorectal adenoma (CRA) (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.15-1.45; I2 = 66.4%) and colorectal cancer (CRC) (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.12-1.15; I2 = 69.4%). There is no close correlation between smoking status of NAFLD patients and CRN. Interestingly, bioinformatics analysis revealed that there were overlap of dysregulated gene sets among NAFLD, CRC, and two recently identified regulated cell death types, ferroptosis and cuproptosis, respectively. Our meta- and bioinformatics analysis shows that NAFLD increases the risk of CRN. Ferroptosis and cuproptosis may be the critical links between NAFLD and CRN, respectively. These findings here support that NAFLD is necessary to be considered as an emerging risk factor for CRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Ye
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huijin Feng
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lianjun Ma
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Exploring the Protective Effects and Mechanism of Huaji Jianpi Decoction against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5440347. [PMID: 36199550 PMCID: PMC9529445 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5440347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper was designed to predict the mechanisms of the active components of Huaji Jianpi Decoction (HJJPD) against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on network pharmacology-combined animal experiments. The candidate compounds of HJJPD and its relative targets were obtained from TCMSP and PharmMapper web server, and the intersection genes for NAFLD were discerned using OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET. Then, the target protein-protein interaction (PPI) and component-target-pathway networks were constructed. Moreover, gene function annotation (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to study the potential signaling pathways associated with HJJPD’s effect on NAFLD. Molecular docking simulation was preformed to validate the binding affinity between potential core components and key targets. Eventually, the candidate targets, the possible pathway, and the mechanism of HJJPD were predicted by the network pharmacology-based strategy, followed by experimental validation in the NAFLD mice model treated with HJJPD. A total of 55 candidate compounds and 36 corresponding genes were identified from HJJPD that are associated with activity against NAFLD, and then the network of them was constructed. Inflammatory response and lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways were identified as the critical signaling pathways mediating the therapeutic effect of the active bioactive ingredients on NAFLD. Compared with the model group, the liver wet weight, liver/body ratio, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum in the HJJPD low-dose (17.52 g/kg·d), medium-dose (35.04 g/kg·d), and high-dose (70.07 g/kg·d) groups significantly decreased (
). Light microscope observation shows that HJJPD could control the degree of lipid denaturation of the mouse liver tissue to a great extent. RT-qPCR results show that the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPARG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), antiserine/threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2) in the liver tissues of the three HJJPD groups (17.52 g/kg·d, 35.04 g/kg·d, and 70.07 g/kg·d) were significantly lower than those in the model group (
). HJJPD can exert its effect by inhibiting hepatic steatosis and related mRNA expression and decreasing the levels of other liver-related indexes. This study suggested that HJJPD exerted its effect on NAFLD by modulating multitargets with multicompounds through multipathways. It also demonstrated that the network pharmacology-based approach might provide insights for understanding the interrelationship between complex diseases and interventions of HJJPD.
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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Liver Tissue in Rats with NAFLD. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4165839. [PMID: 36124071 PMCID: PMC9482528 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To observe the improvement effect of aerobic exercise on liver tissue of rats with NAFLD, explore whether it can reduce NAFLD symptoms without drug dependence, and provide certain data support for the relief of NAFLD by aerobic exercise. Methods. 40 healthful male SD rats have been divided into ordinary diet and high-fat diet. To observe whether the molding is forming after 6 weeks, then divide the rats into control (C), model (M), and exercise (E) group. E group received 8-week aerobic exercise intervention. Serum and liver samples were taken and analyzed after the last intervention. Results. The morphological of hepatocytes between C and M group becomes different, and the accumulation of fat and inflammatory cells was significant, suggesting that NAFLD symptoms appeared, that is, the model was successfully established. Compared with M group, the morphology of rats in E group was improved in varying degrees. The quantity of ALT, AST, and MDA of rats in M group is increased, and the SOD activity is significantly reduced (
). However, aerobic exercise intervention changed those result (
). Conclusions. Aerobic exercise can relieve oxidative stress damage, lipid peroxidation levels, and chronic inflammatory status in rats with NAFLD, which can reduce NAFLD symptoms without drug dependence, and is expected to become a means of NAFLD treatment.
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Mitsala A, Tsalikidis C, Romanidis K, Pitiakoudis M. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extrahepatic Cancers: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4478-4510. [PMID: 35877216 PMCID: PMC9325209 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the main driver and leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. The umbrella term NAFLD describes a range of liver conditions closely related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. At the same time, several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, are considered to be common causes of death among patients with NAFLD. At first, our review herein aims to investigate the role of NAFLD in developing colorectal neoplasms and adenomatous polyps based on the current literature. We will also explore the connection and the missing links between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. Interestingly, any relationship between NAFLD and extrahepatic malignancies could be attributable to several shared metabolic risk factors. Overall, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and related disorders may increase the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis of NAFLD is essential for preventing the progression of the disease and avoiding its severe complications. In addition, cancer screening and early detection in these patients may improve survival and reduce any delays in treatment.
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A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9233650. [PMID: 35602098 PMCID: PMC9117022 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9233650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines fat accumulation in the liver, and it is commonly associated with metabolic syndromes like diabetes and obesity. Progressive NAFLD leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH is currently a frequent cause of liver transplantation. Oxidative stress is often contributed to the progression of NAFLD, and hence, antioxidants such as silymarin, silybin, or silibinin, pentoxifylline, resveratrol, and vitamins A, C, and E are used in clinical trials against NAFLD. Silymarin induces the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a fatty acid sensor, which promotes the transcription of genes that are required for the enzymes involved in lipid oxidation in hepatocytes. Silybin inhibits sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate response element-binding protein to downregulate the expression of genes responsible for de novo lipogenesis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-α expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Thus, it prevents NAFLD to NASH progression. Resveratrol inhibits methylation at Nrf-2 promoters and NF-κB activity via SIRT1 activation in NAFLD conditions. However, clinically, resveratrol has not shown promising beneficial effects. Vitamin C is beneficial in NAFLD patients. Vitamin E is not effectively regressing hepatic fibrosis. Hence, its combination with antifibrotic agents is used as an adjuvant to produce a synergistic antifibrotic effect. However, to date, none of these antioxidants have been used as a definite therapeutic agent in NAFLD patients. Further, these antioxidants should be studied in NAFLD patients with larger populations and multiple endpoints in the future.
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12
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Liu H, Niu Q, Wang T, Dong H, Bian C. Lipotoxic hepatocytes promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression by delivering microRNA-9-5p and activating macrophages. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 17:3745-3759. [PMID: 35261562 PMCID: PMC8898344 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
M1-polarized macrophages are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms responsible for the activation of macrophages in NAFLD have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed at investigating the physiological mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles (EVs)-encapsulated microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) derived from lipotoxic hepatocytes might activate macrophages in NALFD. After blood sample and cell collection, EVs were isolated and identified followed by co-culture with macrophages. Next, the palmitic acid-induced cell and high fat diet-induced mouse NALFD models were established to explore the in vitro and in vivo effects of EVs-loaded miR-9-5p on NAFLD as evidenced by inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory reactions in macrophages. Additionally, the targeting relationship between miR-9-5p and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. miR-9-5p was upregulated in the NAFLD-EVs, which promoted M1 polarization of THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, miR-9-5p could target TGM2 to inhibit its expression. Downregulated miR-9-5p in NAFLD-EVs alleviated macrophage inflammation and M1 polarization as evidenced by reduced levels of macrophage inflammatory factors, positive rates of CD86+ CD11b+, and levels of macrophage surface markers in vitro. Moreover, the effect of silencing of miR-9-5p was replicated in vivo, supported by reductions in TG, TC, AST and ALT levels and attenuated pathological changes. Collectively, lipotoxic hepatocytes-derived EVs-loaded miR-9-5p downregulated the expression of TGM2 and facilitated M1 polarization of macrophages, thereby promoting the progression of NAFLD. This highlights a potential therapeutic target for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Department of Liver Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Department of Liver Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
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13
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The Risk Factors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in Iran. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:5980390. [PMID: 35178085 PMCID: PMC8845117 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5980390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in severely obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Assessing the prevalence and severity of NAFLD seems crucial since it may affect the prevention or development of more severe forms of fatty liver. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 severely obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Abdominal ultrasonography was done, and clinical and biochemical factors (liver enzymes, lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS)) were assessed. Results. The mean body mass index (BMI) was
kg/m2. The prevalence of NAFLD was 49.12% (mild steatosis: 37.5%, moderate steatosis: 36.6%, and severe steatosis: 25.8%). The main risk factors of NAFLD were weight (
), BMI (
), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (
), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (
), serum triglycerides (TGs) (
), and FBS (
). The results revealed a statistically significant decrease in the mean level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (
). However, no significant association was found between the severity of liver steatosis and the presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and dyslipidemia. Conclusions. More severe NAFLD was associated with increased weight and BMI. Elevated ALT, AST, TG, and FBS levels and decreased HDL-C levels were also the risk factors of NAFLD and its progress to more severe conditions.
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14
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Zhang R, Guan Q, Zhang M, Ding Y, Tang Z, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Y, Jiang R, Cui Y, Wang J. Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3167-3179. [PMID: 36268197 PMCID: PMC9578360 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s383907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is a major factor involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, an easily detected surrogate marker of IR, has not been explored sufficiently on its relationship with incident MAFLD risk. This study sought to investigate the association of baseline TyG index with the risk of MAFLD in a Chinese cohort. METHODS This health check-up cohort was constructed with eligible 2056 Chinese from a community. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL]×fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Cox proportion hazard models were used to evaluate the longitudinal association between baseline TyG index and the risk of MAFLD. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 2.5 ± 0.5 years, about 12.8% of the subjects developed MAFLD, and the incidence of MAFLD trended to increase with the quartile TyG index (P trend < 0.05). After adjusting for all confounders, TyG index was independently correlated with the risk of incident MAFLD (HR = 1.784, 95% CI = 1.383-2.302, P < 0.001), and the risk of MAFLD in the highest quartile of TyG index was two times higher than that in the lowest quartile (95% CI = 1.377-2.992, P = 0.001). The restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the relationship between TyG index and the risk of MAFLD was linear in males (P for total < 0.001; P for non-linearity = 0.746), but nonlinear in females (P for non-linearity = 0.040). CONCLUSION A high baseline TyG index was independently associated with a high risk of incident MAFLD, and we might develop the strategy of MAFLD prevention based on the TyG index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Guan
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Ding
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongzhe Tang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of General Practice, Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Jiang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Wang; Yan Cui, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-25-86869557, Email ;
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15
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Wang M, Zhang M, Yang Q, Wang Q, Ma B, Li Z, Cheng W, Tang H, Feng S, Wang Z. Metabolomic profiling of M. speciosa champ at different growth stages. Food Chem 2021; 376:131941. [PMID: 34973642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Millettia speciosa Champ (M. speciosa) is an edible food and folk medicine and extracts from its roots exhibit a hepatoprotective effect. However, its metabolic growth process and the best harvest time have not been reported. This study systematically evaluated the metabolomic profiling of M. speciosa root extracts at different growth stages through the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results revealed there were significant differences among extracts from six ages of M. speciosa, and 110 compounds were identified. Pharmacological studies showed that 5-year and 20-year old M. speciosa roots may exhibit higher fat-lowering effects, while 5-year-old (M.s-5Y) showed better hepatoprotective activity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. Hence, our study suggested that M.s-5Y may have potent efficacy in ameliorating NAFLD, which might be useful in determining the optimum time to harvest M. speciosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; National Genebank of Tropical Crops, Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; National Genebank of Tropical Crops, Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; National Genebank of Tropical Crops, Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China
| | - Bokai Ma
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; National Genebank of Tropical Crops, Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China.
| | - Huan Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; National Genebank of Tropical Crops, Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China
| | - Shixiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China.
| | - Zhunian Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; National Genebank of Tropical Crops, Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Danzhou, Haikou 571737, China.
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16
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Chaiwong S, Chatturong U, Chanasong R, Deetud W, To-on K, Puntheeranurak S, Chulikorn E, Kajsongkram T, Raksanoh V, Chinda K, Limpeanchob N, Trisat K, Somran J, Nuengchamnong N, Prajumwong P, Chootip K. Dried mulberry fruit ameliorates cardiovascular and liver histopathological changes in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:356-368. [PMID: 34195030 PMCID: PMC8240167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic disease encompasses most contemporary non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Mulberry fruits of Morus alba L. are a favoured food and a traditional medicine. While they are anti-atherosclerotic and reduce hyperlipidemic risk factors, studies need wider scope that include ameliorating cardiovascular and liver pathologies if they are to become clinically effective treatments. Therefore, the present study sought to show that freshly dried mulberry fruits (dMF) might counteract the metabolic/cardiovascular pathologies in mice made hyperlipidemic by high-fat diet (HF). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE C57BL/6J mice were fed for 3 months with either: i) control diet, ii) HF, iii) HF+100 mg/kg dMF, or iv) HF+300 mg/kg dMF. Body weight gain, food intake, visceral fat accumulation, fasting blood glucose, plasma lipids, and aortic, heart, and liver histopathologies were evaluated. Adipocyte lipid accumulation, autophagy, and bile acid binding were also investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION HF increased food intake, body weight, visceral fat, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TC/HDL ratio, blood glucose, aortic collagen, arterial and cardiac wall thickness, and liver lipid. Both dMF doses prevented hyperphagia, body weight gain, and visceral fat accumulation, lowered blood glucose, plasma TG and unfavourable TC/HDL and elevated plasma HDL beyond baseline. Arterial and cardiac wall hypertrophy, aortic collagen fibre accumulation and liver lipid deposition ameliorated in dMF-fed mice. Clinical trials on dMF are worthwhile but outcomes should be holistic commensurate with the constellation of disease risks. Here, dMF should supplement the switch to nutrient-rich from current energy-dense diets that are progressively crippling national health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Chaiwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Usana Chatturong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rachanee Chanasong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Watcharakorn Deetud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kittiwoot To-on
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Puntheeranurak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ekarin Chulikorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tanwarat Kajsongkram
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Veerada Raksanoh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nanteetip Limpeanchob
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kanittaporn Trisat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piya Prajumwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Chootip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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17
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Ke Y, Liu S, Zhang Z, Hu J. Circulating angiopoietin-like proteins in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 34034750 PMCID: PMC8152125 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) are closely related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, and may be a key in metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (newly named metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)) is based on metabolic dysfunction. There may be some correlation between ANGPTLs and MAFLD, but the specific correlation is unclear. This study aims to explore the predictive role of ANGPTLs in MAFLD and its progression. Methods Seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WANFANG, CBM and Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched with free terms and MeSH terms. The random-effects model was used to pool the data, and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were taken as the overall outcome. No language restrictions existed in the article selection. RevMan 5.3, Stata 16 and MetaXL software were applied to analyse the data and the GRADE system was utilized to assess the certainty of evidence. Results After reviewing 823 related articles, 13 studies (854 cases and 610 controls) met the inclusion criteria, and contributed to this meta-analysis. The results showed that circulating ANGPTL8 level was significantly elevated in the MAFLD group than in the healthy control group (SMD = 0.97 pg/mL, 95%CI: 0.77, 1.18). Conversely, there was no significant difference in the ANGPTL4 (SMD = 0.11 ng/mL, 95%CI: − 0.32, 0.54) and ANGPTL3 (SMD = − 0.95 ng/mL, 95%CI: − 4.38, 2.48) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that: 1) the MAFLD group had significantly higher ANGPTL8 levels than the healthy control group in Asian and other races; 2) the ANGPTL8 levels in Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 patients with MAFLD were higher than those in the healthy control group; 3) the higher ANGPTL8 levels were observed in moderate to severe MAFLD group than the healthy control group. Meta-regression demonstrated that BMI might effectively explain the high heterogeneity. No significant publication bias existed (P > 0.05). The certainty of evidence was assessed as very low by the GRADE system. Conclusions The ANGPTLs may be related to MAFLD. The increased ANGPTL8 level may be positively correlated with different situations of MAFLD, which may act as a potential indicator to monitor the development trends. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01481-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Ke
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Clinical Evaluation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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18
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Domech CR, Travieso JCF, Guridi ZD, Fernández MIC, del Vallín SL, Carralero AR, Batallie EF, Alvarez AMA, Dorta LF, Ferrer JI, Castaño SM, García MR, Rivero GJ, Alvarez YV. Comparative study of the effects of Abexol and atorvastatin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 7:55-65. [PMID: 34027116 PMCID: PMC8122099 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2021.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the efficacy and safety of Abexol and atorvastatin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Material and methods: The present study had a monocentric, randomized, double-blinded, comparative design with 4 parallel groups - group 1 (Abexol), group 2 (atorvastatin), group 3 (combined therapy) and group 4 (placebo) - to which dietary recommendations and physical activity practice were provided twice a day, for 24 weeks. Significant changes in the ultrasound analysis of the liver were considered a primary efficacy variable. Insulin resistance improvement (HOMA2-IR) was considered as a co-primary efficacy criterion. Significant changes in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid profile variables and the anthropometric variables were evaluated as secondary variables of effectiveness. Statistical analysis of all data was according to the intention to treat method. RESULTS The groups were statistically homogeneous at baseline conditions. At the end of the 6 months of treatment about 50% of the patients in all groups showed a decrease of at least one degree in echogenicity, while the rest remained the same. There were no significant changes in the values of liver enzymes or anthropometric variables evaluated. Treatment with atorvastatin and combined therapy significantly reduced levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol. The treatments were safe and well tolerated, although in the atorvastatin group the number of adverse events reported was greater than in the rest of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Abexol and atorvastatin showed comparable efficacy and safety in patients with NAFLD, with advantages for treatment with atorvastatin with respect to its effects on the lipid profile of these patients.
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19
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Zhang R, Wang M, Wang M, Zhang L, Ding Y, Tang Z, Fu Z, Fan H, Zhang W, Wang J. Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Variation Were Involved in the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648844. [PMID: 34421816 PMCID: PMC8377425 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR), a key gene in the metabolism of vitamin D (VD), may affect the development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating VD level and its biological effects. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of serum VD level, VDR variation, and a combination of VDR SNP and environmental behavior factor on the risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 3023 subjects from a community in Nanjing were enrolled, including 1120 NAFLD cases and 1903 controls. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene were genotyped. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses indicated that VD sufficiency and VD insufficiency were significantly associated with a low risk of NAFLD (all P<0.05; all Ptrend<0.05, in a locus-dosage manner). After adjusting for gender and age, VDR rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A alleles were all reduced the risk of NAFLD (all PFDR=0.136, in dominant model; Ptrend =0.039, combined effects in a locus-dosage manner). The protective effects of two favorable alleles were more evident among subjects ≤40 years, non-hypertension, non-hyperglycemia and non-low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (all P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating curve of the combination of VDR SNP and exercise time for assessing NAFLD risk was slightly higher than that of only including exercise time or neither (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION High serum VD levels and VDR variants (rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A) might contribute to a low risk of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. The inclusion of VDR SNP and exercise time could improve the efficiency in assessment of NAFLD risk, which might provide a novel perspective for early screening and preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxian Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuxin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongzhe Tang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuqiang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Wang,
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little is known regarding the diagnostic performance of fibrosis scoring systems in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to determine the risk factors of NAFLD and evaluate the diagnostic performance of noninvasive fibrosis scoring systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included consecutive patients presented with dyspepsia from January 2017 to January 2019. Clinicodemographic and laboratory parameters including HOMA-IR were recorded. Anthropometric measurements were performed. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. The FIB4, NAFLD, BARD, and Nippon scores were calculated. RESULTS Totally, 1008 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 52.3 ± 15 years in the NAFLD group (25.8%) and 36.7 ± 15.7 years in the non-NAFLD group (74.2%). The frequency of NAFLD was 25.8%. Age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), platelet count, HbA1c, HDL, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio were independent risk factors for NAFLD. The most sensitive and specific tests in diagnosing NAFLD were HOMA-IR and Nippon score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age, BMI, DM, HbA1c, platelet count, HDL, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio were independent predictors of NAFLD. The most specific and sensitive predictors of the presence of NAFLD were Nippon score and HOMA-IR value, respectively. The place of fibrosis scores in the diagnosis of NAFLD patients requires further scrutinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muharrem Bayrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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21
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Miptah HN, Ramli AS, Mohamad M, Hashim H, Tharek Z. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk categories in primary care: is there an association? BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:238. [PMID: 33218301 PMCID: PMC7679975 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. It’s prevalence is increasing globally. However, there is paucity in the evidence showing the association between NAFLD and CVD risk in primary care setting. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD among patients with ≥1 risk factor for NAFLD or CVD attending primary care clinics. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted in two clinics at a university primary care centre. Patients aged ≥18 years with ≥1 risk factor for NAFLD or CVD were recruited. Participants with history of established liver disease or chronic alcohol use were excluded. Socio-demographics, clinical related data, anthropometric measurements and blood investigation results were recorded in a proforma. Diagnosis of NAFLD was made using abdominal ultrasound. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the general Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Multiple logistic regression (MLogR) was performed to identify independent factors associated with NAFLD. Results A total of 263 participants were recruited. The mean age was 52.3 ± 14.7 years old. Male and female were equally distributed. Majority of the participants were Malays (79.8%). The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 54.4% (95%CI 48,60%). Participants in the high FRS category have higher prevalence of NAFLD (65.5%), followed by those in the moderate category (55.4%) and the low category (46.3%), p = 0.025. From MLogR, independent factors associated with NAFLD were being employed (OR = 2.44, 95%CI 1.26,4.70, p = 0.008), obesity with BMI ≥27.5 (OR = 2.89, 95%CI 1.21,6.91, p = 0.017), elevated fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L (OR = 2.79, 95%CI 1.44,5.43, p = 0.002), ALT ≥34 U/L (OR = 3.70, 95%CI 1.85,7.44, p < 0.001) and high FRS category (OR = 2.82, 95%CI 1.28,6.23, p = 0.010). Conclusion NAFLD is highly prevalent among patients with ≥1 risk factor for NAFLD or CVD in these primary care clinics. Patients who were obese, have elevated fasting glucose, elevated ALT and in the high FRS category were more likely to have NAFLD. This study underscores the importance of targeted screening for NAFLD in those with risk factors in primary care. Aggressive intervention must be executed in those with NAFLD in order to reduce CVD complications and risk of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayatul Najaa Miptah
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selayang Campus, Jalan Prima Selayang 7, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Safura Ramli
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selayang Campus, Jalan Prima Selayang 7, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mariam Mohamad
- Department of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hilwati Hashim
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahirah Tharek
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selayang Campus, Jalan Prima Selayang 7, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Nikseresht M, Azarmehr N, Arya A, Alipoor B, Fadaei R, Khalvati B, Abidi H, Doustimotlagh AH. Circulating mRNA and plasma levels of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1243-1249. [PMID: 33010062 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of the beginning and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been clarified exactly. The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) axis seems to play an imperative function in the onset and progression of this disease. The goal of the present study was to investigate the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression and plasma levels of RANKL and OPG cytokines in NAFLD patients and compare them with healthy group. Plasma levels of OPG and RANKL were determined with ELISA kits in 57 men with NAFLD and 25 healthy men as controls. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters tests were also evaluated in the study groups. RANKL and OPG mRNA contents were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. OPG contents were markedly decreased in NAFLD patients as compared with healthy patients [1.43 (1.05-5.45)] versus [2.94 (1.76-4.73)] ng/mL; P = 0.007). The levels of RANKL were significantly reduced in NAFLD patients [74.00 (56.26-203.52) ng/mL] than in healthy patients [119.37 (83.71-150.13) ng/mL]; (P = 0.03). Also, OPG and RANKL gene expression were significantly decreased in NAFLD patients in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that OPG may have a good capability to discriminate between NAFLD patients and normal individuals. A positive correlation was observed between OPG and RANKL in plasma sample (r = 0.495) (P = 0.000). Decreased plasma levels and gene expression of RANKL and OPG cytokines in NAFLD patients indicate that there is a relationship between these cytokines and the pathology of NAFLD disease. Confirmation of this association as well as the mechanism and role of these cytokines in NAFLD require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nikseresht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Nahid Azarmehr
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Arash Arya
- Internal medicine Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Behnam Alipoor
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Abidi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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23
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Abstract
Chronic fatty liver disease is common worldwide. This disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of chronic liver disease is primarily characterized by robust accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagens) that ultimately impairs the function of the organ. The role of the ECM in early stages of chronic liver disease is less well-understood, but recent research has demonstrated that several changes in the hepatic ECM in prefibrotic liver disease are not only present but may also contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed changes to the hepatic ECM that may contribute to inflammation during earlier stages of disease development, and to discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes may mediate the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Dolin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Fernandez-Travieso JC, Rodriguez-Perez I, Ruenes-Domech C, lIlnait-Ferrer J, Fernandez-Dorta L, Mendoza-Castano S. Benefits of the Therapy With Abexol in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology Res 2020; 13:73-80. [PMID: 32362966 PMCID: PMC7188363 DOI: 10.14740/gr1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Given the increasing incidence of NAFLD and the long-term consequences of this disease, it is important to identify the risk factors and therapeutic measures. Abexol is a mixture of beeswax alcohols with antioxidant, gastro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim was to conduct a pooled analysis of clinical trials data of the effects of Abexol treatment in patients with NAFLD. Methods The present analysis includes the data of all patients with NAFLD obtained from medium-term randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical studies with Abexol. One hundred patients with NAFLD received Abexol (100 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months. Significant changes in the ultrasound analysis of the liver were considered a primary efficacy variable. Secondary endpoints were decreased homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and insulin levels, and improved clinical symptoms. Statistical analysis of all data was according to the intention-to-treat method. Results Both groups were statistically homogeneous at baseline conditions. At 6 months of treatment, the number of Abexol-treated patients exhibiting a normal liver echo pattern on ultrasonography was greater than that of the placebo patients (P < 0.05). Abexol significantly reduced (P < 0.05) insulin levels and HOMA index. The proportion of Abexol patients showing symptom improvement was higher (P < 0.01) than that of the placebo group. Treatments were safe and well tolerated. Conclusions Treatment of Abexol during 6 months significantly ameliorates liver fat accumulation and insulin resistances, meanwhile improving clinical evolution in patients with NAFLD. The treatment was safe and well tolerated in these patients.
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25
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Jiang J, Yan L, Shi Z, Wang L, Shan L, Efferth T. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of total flavonoids of Qu Zhi Ke (peel of Citrus changshan-huyou) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via modulation of NF-κB and MAPKs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153082. [PMID: 31541796 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus flavonoids, consisting of naringin, narirutin, neohesperidine, etc., have therapeutic activities for the treatment of lipometabolic disorders. The peel of Citrus changshan-huyou (Qu Zhi Ke, QZK) is a new source of flavonoids, but attracted little attention so far. HYPOTHESIS QZK should possess therapeutic effects against lipometabolic disorders due to the flavonoids it contains. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we extracted and purified the flavonoids of QZK (TFCH) and established an obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model of rats. TFCH was given orally for 8 weeks, and its anti-NAFLD effects and potential mechanism were evaluated. METHODS The flavonoid chemoprofile of TFCH was determined by using HPLC. High-fat diet was employed to induce NAFLD model in rats, and six groups were set up: negative control group, reference treatment group, model group, low-dose TFCH (25 mg/kg), intermediate-dose TFCH (50 mg/kg), and high-dose TFCH (100 mg/kg). Serum and liver levels of inflammatory cytokines and NAFLD markers were measured biochemically. The relative mRNA expressions of liver T-bet, GATA3, and TNF-α were tested by real time PCR (qPCR) analysis. The protein expression of p38 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK1/2, and p38 in liver were tested by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The histopathological observation showed that TFCH attenuated hepatic lesions with significantly decreased NAFLD activity scores. The biochemical data showed that TFCH significantly suppressed both systemic and intrahepatic inflammation by inhibiting IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and the qPCR analysis revealed a Th1/Th2 related anti-inflammatory mechanism of TFCH. Western blot results clarified that TFCH exerted hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of phosphorylated NF-κB and MAPKs, indicating a mechanism associated with NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION QZK is a new source of Citrus flavonoids for therapeutic use, and TFCH is a promising representative of Citrus flavonoids for anti-NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang You-du Biotech Limited Company, Quzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Citrus changshan-huyou Research Institute of Changshan City, Quzhou, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Xia H, Zhu X, Zhang X, Jiang H, Li B, Wang Z, Li D, Jin Y. Alpha-naphthoflavone attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in oleic acid-treated HepG2 hepatocytes and in high fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Huang L, Ding W, Wang MQ, Wang ZG, Chen HH, Chen W, Yang Q, Lu TN, Yang Q, He JM. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and toll-like receptor 4. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5239-5255. [PMID: 31378113 PMCID: PMC6833399 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519859750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the cellular mechanisms of action of tanshinone IIA on the fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet in an animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into one of three groups: regular rat diet (CON group) for 4 months; high-fat diet (HFD group) for 4 months; HFD for 2 months followed by tanshinone IIA treatment plus HFD (TAN group) for a further 2 months. A range of physical and biochemical markers of lipid accumulation and fatty liver disease were measured and compared between the groups. Results Tanshinone IIA treatment significantly reduced fat accumulation in the liver and plasma lipid levels that had been increased by HFD. The toll-like receptor (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway was silenced by tanshinone IIA treatment. Tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were reduced by tanshinone IIA. Hepatocyte apoptosis was inhibited by tanshinone IIA. Tanshinone IIA upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which resulted in an improvement in the oxidative status. Conclusion Tanshinone IIA ameliorates NAFLD by targeting PPAR-γ and TLR4, resulting in decreased plasma lipids and oxidative stress, suggesting this strategy may form the basis of novel NAFLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zheng-Gen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting-Na Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ji-Man He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, USA
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Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Experience Severe Impairment of Health-Related Quality of Life. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114:1636-1641. [PMID: 31464743 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there is substantial evidence suggesting poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), similar data in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not been fully assessed. The aim is to compare HRQL scores in patients with CHC to those with NASH. METHODS Matched patients with advanced fibrosis (bridging fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis) due to CHC and NASH completed Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), and Work Productivity and Activity Instrument questionnaire. RESULTS We included 1,338 patients with NASH with advanced fibrosis (mean age 57.2 years, 47% men, 55% cirrhosis) and 1,338 matched patients with CHC. Patients with CHC and NASH had similar rates of employment and psychiatric disorders (P > 0.05). As expected, patients with NASH had higher body mass index (mean 33.7 vs 27.6) and more type 2 diabetes (74% vs 16%) (all P < 0.01). Patients with NASH had significantly lower HRQL scores related to physical health: Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Physical Summary of SF-36, and Fatigue of CLDQ (P < 0.02). By contrast, patients with CHC had a lower Mental Health score of SF-36 and Emotional score of CLDQ and reported greater impairment in daily activities as measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Instrument questionnaire (P < 0.002). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for demographic parameters, cirrhosis, and history of psychiatric disorders, having NASH was associated with lower physical HRQL scores and higher mental health-related scores (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis have more impairment of their physical health-related scores than patients with CHC with advanced fibrosis. These data should dispel the misconception that NASH is an asymptomatic disease with little negative impact on patients' well-being.
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Parizadeh SM, Parizadeh SA, Alizade-Noghani M, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Ghandehari M, Mottaghi-Moghaddam A, Goldani F, Khazaei M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Hassanian SM, Avan A. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:633-641. [PMID: 31092057 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1617696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy, ranking fourth among the causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Its incidence has increased in recent decades, and now more than one million CRC patients are diagnosed and thousands die annually. The 5-year survival rate varies with the stage at diagnosis, are approximately 90% in the early stages of disease, and less than 10% in advanced disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a major cause of chronic liver disease, and characterized by the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, has also emerged as a risk factor for CRC, and to be related with the development of colorectal polyps. Areas covered: The purpose of this current review is to summarize the main findings of studies that have investigated the role of NAFLD in development of CRC. Expert opinion: Various molecular pathways are altered during the development of NAFLD, which are also important in CRC tumorigenesis. There is growing body of evidence showing the potential role of activation of pro-inflammatory, disruption of anti-inflammatory pathways, increasing the activity of pathways involved in cell proliferation/survival. Thus targeting these dysregulated pathways via novel inhibitors can be a potential therapy for CRC prevention in cases with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Parizadeh
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | | | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- b Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandehari
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c Faculty of Medicine , Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Ali Mottaghi-Moghaddam
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goldani
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,d Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- e Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education , Falmer, Brighton , UK
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- a Metabolic syndrome Research center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,d Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,f Cancer Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Sun Y, Zhang N, Ding YL, Yu LJ, Cai J, Ma D, Yang W, Lu WK, Niu JL. Effect of lipid metabolism disorder on liver function in patients with malignant tumors after chemotherapy: a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:108. [PMID: 31077212 PMCID: PMC6511181 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the effect of lipid metabolism disorder on liver function in patients with malignant tumors after chemotherapy. METHOD A total of 428 patients with malignant tumors with normal liver function in our hospital between May 2013 to June 2018 were divided into an observation group (lipid metabolism disorder, n = 265) and control group (normal lipid metabolism, n = 163). The lipid metabolism levels and liver damage of the two groups were compared before and after chemotherapy. RESULTS No significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, tumor types, history of surgery, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; an indicator of liver function), and chemotherapy regimen were observed between the two groups. However, the observation group showed increased levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.000), triglycerides (P = 0.000), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.01), as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.000) before chemotherapy compared with the control group. Furthermore, patients with lipid metabolism disorders were more likely to develop abnormal liver function after chemotherapy. Moreover, mixed lipid metabolism disorder was more likely to cause severe liver damage after chemotherapy. Additionally, the number of patients with lipid metabolism disorders after chemotherapy (n = 367) was significantly increased compared with before chemotherapy (n = 265) (P < 0.01), indicating that chemotherapy might induce or aggravate an abnormal lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS After receiving chemotherapy, patients with malignant tumors presenting lipid metabolism disorders are more prone to liver damage and lipid metabolism disorders than patients with a normal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Nie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Yun-Long Ding
- Department of Neurology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Li-Jiang Yu
- Department of Oncology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - De Ma
- Department of Oncology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Oncology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Wang-Kun Lu
- Department of Oncology, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Jia-Li Niu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, JingJiang People's Hospital, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, No. 28, Zhongzhou Road, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China.
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Xu Y, Han J, Dong J, Fan X, Cai Y, Li J, Wang T, Zhou J, Shang J. Metabolomics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051220. [PMID: 30862046 PMCID: PMC6429195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As metabolomics is widely used in the study of disease mechanisms, an increasing number of studies have found that metabolites play an important role in the occurrence of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin in high-fat-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development using nontargeted metabolomics. A rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding with an HFD for 30 and 50 days. The results indicated quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity in 30-day HFD-induced NAFLD rats by regulating fatty acid related metabolites (adrenic acid, etc.), inflammation-related metabolites (arachidonic acid, etc.), oxidative stress-related metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid) and other differential metabolites (citric acid, etc.). However, quercetin did not improve NAFLD in the 50-day HFD; perhaps quercetin was unable to reverse the inflammation induced by a long-term high-fat diet. These data indicate that dietary quercetin may be beneficial to NAFLD in early stages. Furthermore, combining metabolomics and experimental approaches opens avenues to study the effects and mechanisms of drugs for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jichun Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jinjin Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
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Seth RK, Kimono D, Alhasson F, Sarkar S, Albadrani M, Lasley SK, Horner R, Janulewicz P, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Sullivan K, Chatterjee S. Increased butyrate priming in the gut stalls microbiome associated-gastrointestinal inflammation and hepatic metabolic reprogramming in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 350:64-77. [PMID: 29751049 PMCID: PMC6121708 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of the associated pathologies in Gulf War Illness (GWI) have been ascribed to chemical and pharmaceutical exposures during the war. Since an increased number of veterans complain of gastrointestinal (GI), neuroinflammatory and metabolic complications as they age and there are limited options for a cure, the present study was focused to assess the role of butyrate, a short chain fatty acid for attenuating GWI-associated GI and metabolic complications. Results in a GWI-mouse model of permethrin and pyridostigmine bromide (PB) exposure showed that oral butyrate restored gut homeostasis and increased GPR109A receptor copies in the small intestine (SI). Claudin-2, a protein shown to be upregulated in conditions of leaky gut was significantly decreased following butyrate administration. Butyrate decreased TLR4 and TLR5 expressions in the liver concomitant to a decrease in TLR4 activation. GW-chemical exposure showed no clinical signs of liver disease but a significant alteration of metabolic markers such as SREBP1c, PPAR-α, and PFK was evident. Liver markers for lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism that were significantly upregulated following GW chemical exposure were attenuated by butyrate priming in vivo and in human primary hepatocytes. Further, Glucose transporter Glut-4 that was shown to be elevated following liver complications were significantly decreased in these mice after butyrate administration. Finally, use of TLR4 KO mice completely attenuated the liver metabolic changes suggesting the central role of these receptors in the GWI pathology. In conclusion, we report a butyrate specific mechanistic approach to identify and treat increased metabolic abnormalities in GWI veterans with systemic inflammation, chronic fatigue, GI disturbances, metabolic complications and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratanesh Kumar Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Firas Alhasson
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Muayad Albadrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen K Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Ronnie Horner
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Patricia Janulewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, USC School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, USC School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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