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Malinow I, Fong DC, Miyamoto M, Badran S, Hong CC. Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy: a review of current clinical approaches and pathogenesis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1404942. [PMID: 38966492 PMCID: PMC11223501 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1404942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare, yet life-threatening cardiovascular condition characterized by systolic dysfunction with biventricular dilatation and reduced myocardial contractility. Therapeutic options are limited with nearly 40% of children undergoing heart transplant or death within 2 years of diagnosis. Pediatric patients are currently diagnosed based on correlating the clinical picture with echocardiographic findings. Patient age, etiology of disease, and parameters of cardiac function significantly impact prognosis. Treatments for pediatric DCM aim to ameliorate symptoms, reduce progression of disease, and prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. Many therapeutic agents with known efficacy in adults lack the same evidence in children. Unlike adult DCM, the pathogenesis of pediatric DCM is not well understood as approximately two thirds of cases are classified as idiopathic disease. Children experience unique gene expression changes and molecular pathway activation in response to DCM. Studies have pointed to a significant genetic component in pediatric DCM, with variants in genes related to sarcomere and cytoskeleton structure implicated. In this regard, pediatric DCM can be considered pediatric manifestations of inherited cardiomyopathy syndromes. Yet exciting recent studies in infantile DCM suggest that this subset has a distinct etiology involving defective postnatal cardiac maturation, such as the failure of programmed centrosome breakdown in cardiomyocytes. Improved knowledge of pathogenesis is central to developing child-specific treatment approaches. This review aims to discuss the established biological pathogenesis of pediatric DCM, current clinical guidelines, and promising therapeutic avenues, highlighting differences from adult disease. The overarching goal is to unravel the complexities surrounding this condition to facilitate the advancement of novel therapeutic interventions and improve prognosis and overall quality of life for pediatric patients affected by DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Malinow
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel C. Fong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Badran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine Helen Devos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States
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2
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Dellefave-Castillo LM, Cirino AL, Callis TE, Esplin ED, Garcia J, Hatchell KE, Johnson B, Morales A, Regalado E, Rojahn S, Vatta M, Nussbaum RL, McNally EM. Assessment of the Diagnostic Yield of Combined Cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmia Genetic Testing. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7:966-974. [PMID: 35947370 PMCID: PMC9366660 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Genetic testing can guide management of both cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias, but cost, yield, and uncertain results can be barriers to its use. It is unknown whether combined disease testing can improve diagnostic yield and clinical utility for patients with a suspected genetic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield and clinical management implications of combined cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia genetic testing through a no-charge, sponsored program for patients with a suspected genetic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study involved a retrospective review of DNA sequencing results for cardiomyopathy- and arrhythmia-associated genes. The study included 4782 patients with a suspected genetic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia who were referred for genetic testing by 1203 clinicians; all patients participated in a no-charge, sponsored genetic testing program for cases of suspected genetic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia at a single testing site from July 12, 2019, through July 9, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Positive gene findings from combined cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia testing were compared with findings from smaller subtype-specific gene panels and clinician-provided diagnoses. Results Among 4782 patients (mean [SD] age, 40.5 [21.3] years; 2551 male [53.3%]) who received genetic testing, 39 patients (0.8%) were Ashkenazi Jewish, 113 (2.4%) were Asian, 571 (11.9%) were Black or African American, 375 (7.8%) were Hispanic, 2866 (59.9%) were White, 240 (5.0%) were of multiple races and/or ethnicities, 138 (2.9%) were of other races and/or ethnicities, and 440 (9.2%) were of unknown race and/or ethnicity. A positive result (molecular diagnosis) was confirmed in 954 of 4782 patients (19.9%). Of those, 630 patients with positive results (66.0%) had the potential to inform clinical management associated with adverse clinical outcomes, increased arrhythmia risk, or targeted therapies. Combined cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia gene panel testing identified clinically relevant variants for 1 in 5 patients suspected of having a genetic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia. If only patients with a high suspicion of genetic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia had been tested, at least 137 positive results (14.4%) would have been missed. If testing had been restricted to panels associated with the clinician-provided diagnostic indications, 75 of 689 positive results (10.9%) would have been missed; 27 of 75 findings (36.0%) gained through combined testing involved a cardiomyopathy indication with an arrhythmia genetic finding or vice versa. Cascade testing of family members yielded 402 of 958 positive results (42.0%). Overall, 2446 of 4782 patients (51.2%) had only variants of uncertain significance. Patients referred for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy had the lowest rate of variants of uncertain significance (81 of 176 patients [46.0%]), and patients referred for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia had the highest rate (48 of 76 patients [63.2%]). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, comprehensive genetic testing for cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias revealed diagnoses that would have been missed by disease-specific testing. In addition, comprehensive testing provided diagnostic and prognostic information that could have potentially changed management and monitoring strategies for patients and their family members. These results suggest that this improved diagnostic yield may outweigh the burden of uncertain results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Dellefave-Castillo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allison L Cirino
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | | | - John Garcia
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Ana Morales
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Sun M, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Gregorich ZR, Ren J, Ge Y, Guo W. SR Protein Kinases Regulate the Splicing of Cardiomyopathy-Relevant Genes via Phosphorylation of the RSRSP Stretch in RBM20. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1526. [PMID: 36140694 PMCID: PMC9498672 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) regulates mRNA splicing specifically in muscle tissues. Missense mutations in the arginine/serine (RS) domain of RBM20 lead to abnormal gene splicing and have been linked to severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in human patients and animal models. Interestingly, many of the reported DCM-linked missense mutations in RBM20 are in a highly conserved RSRSP stretch within the RS domain. Recently, it was found that the two Ser residues within this stretch are constitutively phosphorylated, yet the identity of the kinase(s) responsible for phosphorylating these residues, as well as the function of RSRSP phosphorylation, remains unknown. (2) Methods: The ability of three known SR protein kinases (SRPK1, CLK1, and AKT2) to phosphorylate the RBM20 RSRSP stretch and regulate target gene splicing was evaluated by using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. (3) Results: We found that all three kinases phosphorylated S638 and S640 in the RSRSP stretch and regulated RBM20 target gene splicing. While SRPK1 and CLK1 were both capable of directly phosphorylating the RS domain in RBM20, whether AKT2-mediated control of the RS domain phosphorylation is direct or indirect could not be determined. (4) Conclusions: Our results indicate that SR protein kinases regulate the splicing of a cardiomyopathy-relevant gene by modulating phosphorylation of the RSRSP stretch in RBM20. These findings suggest that SR protein kinases may be potential targets for the treatment of RBM20 cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Sun
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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Gropler MRF, Lipshultz SE, Wilkinson JD, Towbin JA, Colan SD, Canter CE, Lavine KJ, Simpson KE. Pediatric and adult dilated cardiomyopathy are distinguished by distinct biomarker profiles. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:206-215. [PMID: 34404929 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that pediatric and adult dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represent distinct diseases. Few diagnostic tools exist for pediatric cardiologists to assess clinical status and prognosis. We hypothesized that pediatric DCM would have a unique biomarker profile compared to adult DCM and controls. METHODS We utilized a DNA aptamer array (SOMAScan) to compare biomarker profiles between pediatric and adult DCM. We simultaneously measured 1310 plasma proteins and peptides from 39 healthy children (mean age 3 years, interquartile range (IQR) 1-14), 39 ambulatory subjects with pediatric DCM (mean age 2.7 years, IQR 1-13), and 40 ambulatory adults with DCM (mean age 53 years, IQR 46-63). RESULTS Pediatric and adult DCM patients displayed distinct biomarker profiles, despite similar clinical characteristics. We identified 20 plasma peptides and proteins that were increased in pediatric DCM compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Unbiased multidimensionality reduction analysis suggested previously unrecognized heterogeneity among pediatric DCM subjects. Biomarker profile analysis identified four subgroups of pediatric DCM with distinguishing clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the emerging concept that pediatric and adult DCM are distinct disease entities, signify the need to develop pediatric-specific biomarkers for disease prognostication, and challenge the paradigm that pediatric DCM should be viewed as a single disease. IMPACT Pediatric and adult DCM patients displayed distinct biomarker profiles, despite similar clinical characteristics and outcomes. Our findings suggest that pediatric DCM may be a heterogeneous disease with various sub-phenotypes, including differing biomarker profiles and clinical findings. These data provide prerequisite information for future prospective studies that validate the identified pediatric DCM biomarkers, address their diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance, and explore the full extent of heterogeneity amongst pediatric DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R F Gropler
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - James D Wilkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Steven D Colan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles E Canter
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen E Simpson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Sarohi V, Srivastava S, Basak T. A Comprehensive Outlook on Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): State-Of-The-Art Developments with Special Emphasis on OMICS-Based Approaches. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060174. [PMID: 35735803 PMCID: PMC9225617 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains an enigmatic cardiovascular disease (CVD) condition characterized by contractile dysfunction of the myocardium due to dilation of the ventricles. DCM is one of the major forms of CVD contributing to heart failure. Dilation of the left or both ventricles with systolic dysfunction, not explained by known causes, is a hallmark of DCM. Progression of DCM leads to heart failure. Genetic and various other factors greatly contribute to the development of DCM, but the etiology has still remained elusive in a large number of cases. A significant number of studies have been carried out to identify the genetic causes of DCM. These candidate-gene studies revealed that mutations in the genes of the fibrous, cytoskeletal, and sarcomeric proteins of cardiomyocytes result in the development of DCM. However, a significant proportion of DCM patients are idiopathic in nature. In this review, we holistically described the symptoms, causes (in adults and newborns), genetic basis, and mechanistic progression of DCM. Further, we also summarized the state-of-the-art diagnosis, available biomarkers, treatments, and ongoing clinical trials of potential drug regimens. DCM-mediated heart failure is on the rise worldwide including in India. The discovery of biomarkers with a better prognostic value is the need of the hour for better management of DCM-mediated heart failure patients. With the advent of next-generation omics-based technologies, it is now possible to probe systems-level alterations in DCM patients pertaining to the identification of novel proteomic and lipidomic biomarkers. Here, we also highlight the onset of a systems-level study in Indian DCM patients by applying state-of-the-art mass-spectrometry-based “clinical proteomics” and “clinical lipidomics”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sarohi
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, School of Basic Sciences (SBS), Mandi 175075, HP, India; (V.S.); (S.S.)
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, Mandi 175075, HP, India
| | - Shriya Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, School of Basic Sciences (SBS), Mandi 175075, HP, India; (V.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Trayambak Basak
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, School of Basic Sciences (SBS), Mandi 175075, HP, India; (V.S.); (S.S.)
- BioX Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Mandi, Mandi 175075, HP, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-1905-267826
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6
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Malakootian M, Bagheri Moghaddam M, Kalayinia S, Farrashi M, Maleki M, Sadeghipour P, Amin A. Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by a pathogenic nucleotide variant in RBM20 in an Iranian family. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:106. [PMID: 35527250 PMCID: PMC9079971 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the dilation and impaired contraction of 1 or both ventricles and can be caused by a variety of disorders. Up to 50% of idiopathic DCM cases have heritable familial diseases, and the clinical screening of family members is recommended. Identifying a genetic cause that can explain the DCM risk in the family can help with better screening planning and clinical decision-making. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has aided significantly in the detection of causative genes in many genetically heterogeneous diseases. In the present study, we applied WES to identify the causative genetic variant in a family with heritable DCM.
Methods
WES was applied to identify genetic variants on a 26-year-old man as the proband of a family with DCM. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the variant in the patient and all the available affected and unaffected family members. The pathogenicity of the variant was evaluated through co-segregation analysis in the family and employment of in silico predictive software.
Results
WES demonstrated the missense pathogenic heterozygous nucleotide variant, c.1907G > A, (p.Arg636His, rs267607004, NM_0011343), in exon 9 of the RBM20 gene in the proband. The variant was co-segregated in all the affected family members in a heterozygous form and the unaffected family members. The in silico analysis confirmed the variant as pathogenic.
Conclusion
Pathogenic RBM20 nucleotide variants are associated with arrhythmogenic DCM. We believe that our report is the first to show an RBM20 variant in Iranian descent associated with DCM.
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Anfinson M, Fitts RH, Lough JW, James JM, Simpson PM, Handler SS, Mitchell ME, Tomita-Mitchell A. Significance of α-Myosin Heavy Chain ( MYH6) Variants in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:144. [PMID: 35621855 PMCID: PMC9147009 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart disease (CHD) with complex genetic inheritance. HLHS segregates with other left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) malformations in families, and can present as either an isolated phenotype or as a feature of a larger genetic disorder. The multifactorial etiology of HLHS makes it difficult to interpret the clinical significance of genetic variants. Specific genes have been implicated in HLHS, including rare, predicted damaging MYH6 variants that are present in >10% of HLHS patients, and which have been shown to be associated with decreased transplant-free survival in our previous studies. MYH6 (α-myosin heavy chain, α-MHC) variants have been reported in HLHS and numerous other CHDs, including LVOT malformations, and may provide a genetic link to these disorders. In this paper, we outline the MYH6 variants that have been identified, discuss how bioinformatic and functional studies can inform clinical decision making, and highlight the importance of genetic testing in HLHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anfinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.A.); (J.W.L.)
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.S.H.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Robert H. Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - John W. Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.A.); (J.W.L.)
| | - Jeanne M. James
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Pippa M. Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Stephanie S. Handler
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.S.H.); (M.E.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael E. Mitchell
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.S.H.); (M.E.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.S.H.); (M.E.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Sun M, Jin Y, Braz CU, Khatib H, Hacker TA, Liss M, Gotthardt M, Granzier H, Ge Y, Guo W. RBM20 phosphorylation and its role in nucleocytoplasmic transport and cardiac pathogenesis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22302. [PMID: 35394688 PMCID: PMC9233413 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101811rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-serine (RS) domain(s) in splicing factors are critical for protein-protein interaction in pre-mRNA splicing. Phosphorylation of RS domain is important for splicing control and nucleocytoplasmic transport in the cell. RNA-binding motif 20 (RBM20) is a splicing factor primarily expressed in the heart. A previous study using phospho-antibody against RS domain showed that RS domain can be phosphorylated. However, its actual phosphorylation sites and function have not been characterized. Using middle-down mass spectrometry, we identified 16 phosphorylation sites, two of which (S638 and S640 in rats, or S637 and S639 in mice) were located in the RSRSP stretch in the RS domain. Mutations on S638 and S640 regulated splicing, promoted nucleocytoplasmic transport and protein-RNA condensates. Phosphomimetic mutations on S638 and S640 indicated that phosphorylation was not the major cause for RBM20 nucleocytoplasmic transport and condensation in vitro. We generated a S637A knock-in (KI) mouse model (Rbm20S637A ) and observed the reduced RBM20 phosphorylation. The KI mice exhibited aberrant gene splicing, protein condensates, and a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like phenotype. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that KI mice had altered expression and splicing of genes involving cardiac dysfunction, protein localization, and condensation. Our in vitro data showed that phosphorylation was not a direct cause for nucleocytoplasmic transport and protein condensation. Subsequently, the in vivo results reveal that RBM20 mutations led to cardiac pathogenesis. However, the role of phosphorylation in vivo needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Timothy A. Hacker
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Martin Liss
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell BiologyMax Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell BiologyMax Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative BiologySchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Human Proteomics ProgramSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
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9
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Bovo E, Nikolaienko R, Kahn D, Cho E, Robia SL, Zima AV. Presenilin 1 is a direct regulator of the cardiac sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102468. [PMID: 34517214 PMCID: PMC8541915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The gamma secretase catalytic subunit presenilin 1 (PS1) is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons, where it regulates Ca2+ signaling. PS1 is also expressed in heart, but its role in regulation of cardiac Ca2+ transport remains unknown. Since the type 2 sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) plays a central role in cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, we studied whether PS1 regulates the cardiac SERCA2a function. The experiments were conducted in an inducible human SERCA2a stable T-Rex-293 cell line transfected with fluorescently labeled PS1 and the ER Ca2+ sensor R-CEPIA1er. Confocal imaging showed that that PS1 is localized predominantly in the ER membrane. Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments in HEK293 cells transfected with fluorescently labeled SERCA2a and PS1 revealed that the two proteins directly interact with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The functional significance of this interaction was investigated in a heterologous cellular environment using a novel approach to directly measure ER Ca2+ dynamics. Measurements of SERCA2a-mediated Ca2+ transport showed that PS1 enhanced Ca2+ uptake at low ER Ca2+ loads (<0.15 mM) and reduced uptake at high loads (>0.35 mM). The results of this study revealed that PS1 could act as an important regulator of the cardiac Ca2+ pump function with a complex stimulatory/inhibitory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Kahn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen Cho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seth L Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Hershberger RE, Cowan J, Jordan E, Kinnamon DD. The Complex and Diverse Genetic Architecture of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2021; 128:1514-1532. [PMID: 33983834 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our insight into the diverse and complex nature of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) genetic architecture continues to evolve rapidly. The foundations of DCM genetics rest on marked locus and allelic heterogeneity. While DCM exhibits a Mendelian, monogenic architecture in some families, preliminary data from our studies and others suggests that at least 20% to 30% of DCM may have an oligogenic basis, meaning that multiple rare variants from different, unlinked loci, determine the DCM phenotype. It is also likely that low-frequency and common genetic variation contribute to DCM complexity, but neither has been examined within a rare variant context. Other types of genetic variation are also likely relevant for DCM, along with gene-by-environment interaction, now established for alcohol- and chemotherapy-related DCM. Collectively, this suggests that the genetic architecture of DCM is broader in scope and more complex than previously understood. All of this elevates the impact of DCM genetics research, as greater insight into the causes of DCM can lead to interventions to mitigate or even prevent it and thus avoid the morbid and mortal scourge of human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray E Hershberger
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.E.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.,Human Genetics (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.,Department of Internal Medicine and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Jason Cowan
- Human Genetics (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.,Department of Internal Medicine and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Elizabeth Jordan
- Human Genetics (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.,Department of Internal Medicine and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Daniel D Kinnamon
- Human Genetics (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.,Department of Internal Medicine and the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute (R.E.H., J.C., E.J., D.D.K.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to give an update on recent findings related to the cardiac splicing factor RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) and RBM20 cardiomyopathy, a form of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in RBM20. RECENT FINDINGS While most research on RBM20 splicing targets has focused on titin (TTN), multiple studies over the last years have shown that other splicing targets of RBM20 including Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CAMK2D) might be critically involved in the development of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. In this regard, loss of RBM20 causes an abnormal intracellular calcium handling, which may relate to the arrhythmogenic presentation of RBM20 cardiomyopathy. In addition, RBM20 presents clinically in a highly gender-specific manner, with male patients suffering from an earlier disease onset and a more severe disease progression. Further research on RBM20, and treatment of RBM20 cardiomyopathy, will need to consider both the multitude and relative contribution of the different splicing targets and related pathways, as well as gender differences.
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12
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Malignant Arrhythmogenic Role Associated with RBM20: A Comprehensive Interpretation Focused on a Personalized Approach. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020130. [PMID: 33671899 PMCID: PMC7918949 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RBM20 gene encodes the muscle-specific splicing factor RNA-binding motif 20, a regulator of heart-specific alternative splicing. Nearly 40 potentially deleterious variants in RBM20 have been reported in the last ten years, being found to be associated with highly arrhythmogenic events in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Frequently, malignant arrhythmias can be a primary manifestation of disease. The early recognition of arrhythmic genotypes is crucial in avoiding lethal episodes, as it may have an impact on the adoption of personalized preventive measures. Our study performs a comprehensive update of data concerning rare variants in RBM20 that are associated with malignant arrhythmogenic phenotypes with a focus on personalized medicine.
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13
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Ihara K, Sasano T, Hiraoka Y, Togo-Ohno M, Soejima Y, Sawabe M, Tsuchiya M, Ogawa H, Furukawa T, Kuroyanagi H. A missense mutation in the RSRSP stretch of Rbm20 causes dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17894. [PMID: 33110103 PMCID: PMC7591520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a fatal heart disease characterized by left ventricular dilatation and cardiac dysfunction. Recent genetic studies on DCM have identified causative mutations in over 60 genes, including RBM20, which encodes a regulator of heart-specific splicing. DCM patients with RBM20 mutations have been reported to present with more severe cardiac phenotypes, including impaired cardiac function, atrial fibrillation (AF), and ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death, compared to those with mutations in the other genes. An RSRSP stretch of RBM20, a hotspot of missense mutations found in patients with idiopathic DCM, functions as a crucial part of its nuclear localization signals. However, the relationship between mutations in the RSRSP stretch and cardiac phenotypes has never been assessed in an animal model. Here, we show that Rbm20 mutant mice harboring a missense mutation S637A in the RSRSP stretch, mimicking that in a DCM patient, demonstrated severe cardiac dysfunction and spontaneous AF and ventricular arrhythmias mimicking the clinical state in patients. In contrast, Rbm20 mutant mice with frame-shifting deletion demonstrated less severe phenotypes, although loss of RBM20-dependent alternative splicing was indistinguishable. RBM20S637A protein cannot be localized to the nuclear speckles, but accumulated in cytoplasmic, perinuclear granule-like structures in cardiomyocytes, which might contribute to the more severe cardiac phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Marina Togo-Ohno
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yurie Soejima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidesato Ogawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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14
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Upadhyay SK, Mackereth CD. Structural basis of UCUU RNA motif recognition by splicing factor RBM20. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4538-4550. [PMID: 32187365 PMCID: PMC7192616 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate splicing factor RBM20 (RNA binding motif protein 20) regulates protein isoforms important for heart development and function, with mutations in the gene linked to cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have identified the four nucleotide RNA motif UCUU as a common element in pre-mRNA targeted by RBM20. Here, we have determined the structure of the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domain from mouse RBM20 bound to RNA containing a UCUU sequence. The atomic details show that the RRM domain spans a larger region than initially proposed in order to interact with the complete UCUU motif, with a well-folded C-terminal helix encoded by exon 8 critical for high affinity binding. This helix only forms upon binding RNA with the final uracil, and removing the helix reduces affinity as well as specificity. We therefore find that RBM20 uses a coupled folding-binding mechanism by the C-terminal helix to specifically recognize the UCUU RNA motif.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron D Mackereth
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.,Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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15
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Quiat D, Witkowski L, Zouk H, Daly KP, Roberts AE. Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Genetic Testing in Pediatric Primary Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Testing Outcomes and the Effects of Variant Reclassification. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016195. [PMID: 32458740 PMCID: PMC7428992 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic testing in pediatric primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients has identified numerous disease-causing variants, but few studies have evaluated genetic testing outcomes in this population in the context of patient and familial clinical data or assessed the clinical implications of temporal changes in genetic testing results. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with primary DCM who presented to our institution between 2008 and 2018. Variants identified by genetic testing were reevaluated for pathogenicity on the basis of current guidelines for variant classification. A total of 73 patients with primary DCM presented to our institution and 63 (86%) were probands that underwent cardiomyopathy-specific gene testing. A disease-causing variant was identified in 19 of 63 (30%) of cases, with at least 9/19 (47%) variants occurring de novo. Positive family history was not associated with identification of a causal variant. Reclassification of variants resulted in the downgrading of a large proportion of variants of uncertain significance and did not identify any new disease-causing variants. Conclusions Clinical genetic testing identifies a causal variant in one third of pediatric patients with primary DCM. Variant reevaluation significantly decreased the number of variants of uncertain significance, but a large burden of variants of uncertain significance remain. These results highlight the need for periodic reanalysis of genetic testing results, additional investigation of genotype-phenotype correlations in DCM through large, multicenter genetic studies, and development of improved tools for functional characterization of variants of uncertain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Quiat
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Laboratory for Molecular MedicinePartner’s HealthcareCambridgeMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Hana Zouk
- Laboratory for Molecular MedicinePartner’s HealthcareCambridgeMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of PediatricsDivision of GeneticsBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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16
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Mazzarotto F, Tayal U, Buchan RJ, Midwinter W, Wilk A, Whiffin N, Govind R, Mazaika E, de Marvao A, Dawes TJ, Felkin LE, Ahmad M, Theotokis PI, Edwards E, Ing AY, Thomson KL, Chan LL, Sim D, Baksi AJ, Pantazis A, Roberts AM, Watkins H, Funke B, O’Regan DP, Olivotto I, Barton PJ, Prasad SK, Cook SA, Ware JS, Walsh R. Reevaluating the Genetic Contribution of Monogenic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2020; 141:387-398. [PMID: 31983221 PMCID: PMC7004454 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.037661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is genetically heterogeneous, with >100 purported disease genes tested in clinical laboratories. However, many genes were originally identified based on candidate-gene studies that did not adequately account for background population variation. Here we define the frequency of rare variation in 2538 patients with DCM across protein-coding regions of 56 commonly tested genes and compare this to both 912 confirmed healthy controls and a reference population of 60 706 individuals to identify clinically interpretable genes robustly associated with dominant monogenic DCM. METHODS We used the TruSight Cardio sequencing panel to evaluate the burden of rare variants in 56 putative DCM genes in 1040 patients with DCM and 912 healthy volunteers processed with identical sequencing and bioinformatics pipelines. We further aggregated data from 1498 patients with DCM sequenced in diagnostic laboratories and the Exome Aggregation Consortium database for replication and meta-analysis. RESULTS Truncating variants in TTN and DSP were associated with DCM in all comparisons. Variants in MYH7, LMNA, BAG3, TNNT2, TNNC1, PLN, ACTC1, NEXN, TPM1, and VCL were significantly enriched in specific patient subsets, with the last 2 genes potentially contributing primarily to early-onset forms of DCM. Overall, rare variants in these 12 genes potentially explained 17% of cases in the outpatient clinic cohort representing a broad range of adult patients with DCM and 26% of cases in the diagnostic referral cohort enriched in familial and early-onset DCM. Although the absence of a significant excess in other genes cannot preclude a limited role in disease, such genes have limited diagnostic value because novel variants will be uninterpretable and their diagnostic yield is minimal. CONCLUSIONS In the largest sequenced DCM cohort yet described, we observe robust disease association with 12 genes, highlighting their importance in DCM and translating into high interpretability in diagnostic testing. The other genes analyzed here will need to be rigorously evaluated in ongoing curation efforts to determine their validity as Mendelian DCM genes but have limited value in diagnostic testing in DCM at present. This data will contribute to community gene curation efforts and will reduce erroneous and inconclusive findings in diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mazzarotto
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.M., I.O.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (F.M., I.O.)
| | - Upasana Tayal
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Rachel J. Buchan
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - William Midwinter
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Alicja Wilk
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences (N.W. A.d.M., T.J.W.D., D.P.O., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Risha Govind
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Erica Mazaika
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Antonio de Marvao
- Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences (N.W. A.d.M., T.J.W.D., D.P.O., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J.W. Dawes
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences (N.W. A.d.M., T.J.W.D., D.P.O., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne E. Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Mian Ahmad
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Pantazis I. Theotokis
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Elizabeth Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Alexander Y. Ing
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA (A.Y.I.)
| | - Kate L. Thomson
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom (K.L.T.)
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.L.T., H.W.)
| | | | - David Sim
- National Heart Centre Singapore (L.L.H.C., D.S., S.A.C.)
| | - A. John Baksi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Antonis Pantazis
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Angharad M. Roberts
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (K.L.T., H.W.)
| | - Birgit Funke
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (B.F.)
| | - Declan P. O’Regan
- Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences (N.W. A.d.M., T.J.W.D., D.P.O., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.M., I.O.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (F.M., I.O.)
| | - Paul J.R. Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Sanjay K. Prasad
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences (N.W. A.d.M., T.J.W.D., D.P.O., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
- National Heart Centre Singapore (L.L.H.C., D.S., S.A.C.)
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (S.A.C.)
| | - James S. Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., T.J.W.D., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-London Institute of Medical Sciences (N.W. A.d.M., T.J.W.D., D.P.O., S.A.C., J.S.W.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (F.M., U.T., R.J.B., W.M., A.W., N.W., R.G., E.M., L.E.F., M.A., P.I.T., E.E., A.J.B., A.A.P., A.M.R., P.J.R.B., S.K.P., S.A.C., J.S.W.)
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.W.)
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17
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Yamamoto T, Miura A, Itoh K, Takeshima Y, Nishio H. RNA sequencing reveals abnormal LDB3 splicing in sudden cardiac death. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Verhagen JMA, van den Born M, van der Linde HC, G J Nikkels P, Verdijk RM, Kivlen MH, van Unen LMA, Baas AF, Ter Heide H, van Osch-Gevers L, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, Herkert JC, Bertoli-Avella AM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Wessels MW, Verheijen FW, Hassel D, Hofstra RMW, Hegde RS, van Hasselt PM, van Ham TJ, van de Laar IMBH. Biallelic Variants in ASNA1, Encoding a Cytosolic Targeting Factor of Tail-Anchored Proteins, Cause Rapidly Progressive Pediatric Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:397-406. [PMID: 31461301 PMCID: PMC7205403 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Pediatric cardiomyopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of heart muscle disorders associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although knowledge of the genetic basis of pediatric cardiomyopathy has improved considerably, the underlying cause remains elusive in a substantial proportion of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M A Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Myrthe van den Born
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology (P.G.J.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rob M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology (R.M.V.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Maryann H Kivlen
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom (M.H.K., R.S.H.)
| | - Leontine M A van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Annette F Baas
- Department of Genetics (A.F.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette Ter Heide
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (H.t.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lennie van Osch-Gevers
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (L.v.O.-G.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Marianne Hoogeveen-Westerveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Johanna C Herkert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (J.C.H.)
| | | | - Marjon A van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (D.H.)
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom (M.H.K., R.S.H.)
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Pediatrics (P.M.v.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Ingrid M B H van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
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19
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Yotti R, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. Advances in the Genetic Basis and Pathogenesis of Sarcomere Cardiomyopathies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:129-153. [PMID: 30978303 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are common heart muscle disorders that are caused by pathogenic variants in sarcomere protein genes. HCM is characterized by unexplained cardiac hypertrophy (increased chamber wall thickness) that is accompanied by enhanced cardiac contractility and impaired relaxation. DCM is defined as increased ventricular chamber volume with contractile impairment. In this review, we discuss recent analyses that provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that cause these conditions. HCM studies have uncovered the critical importance of conformational changes that occur during relaxation and enable energy conservation, which are frequently disturbed by HCM mutations. DCM studies have demonstrated the considerable prevalence of truncating variants in titin and have discerned that these variants reduce contractile function by impairing sarcomerogenesis. These new pathophysiologic mechanisms open exciting opportunities to identify new pharmacological targets and develop future cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Yotti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; , .,Cardiovascular Division and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; ,
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20
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Watanabe T, Kimura A, Kuroyanagi H. Alternative Splicing Regulator RBM20 and Cardiomyopathy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:105. [PMID: 30547036 PMCID: PMC6279932 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM20 is a vertebrate-specific RNA-binding protein with two zinc finger (ZnF) domains, one RNA-recognition motif (RRM)-type RNA-binding domain and an arginine/serine (RS)-rich region. RBM20 has initially been identified as one of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-linked genes. RBM20 is a regulator of heart-specific alternative splicing and Rbm20ΔRRM mice lacking the RRM domain are defective in the splicing regulation. The Rbm20ΔRRM mice, however, do not exhibit a characteristic DCM-like phenotype such as dilatation of left ventricles or systolic dysfunction. Considering that most of the RBM20 mutations identified in familial DCM cases were heterozygous missense mutations in an arginine-serine-arginine-serine-proline (RSRSP) stretch whose phosphorylation is crucial for nuclear localization of RBM20, characterization of a knock-in animal model is awaited. One of the major targets for RBM20 is the TTN gene, which is comprised of the largest number of exons in mammals. Alternative splicing of the TTN gene is exceptionally complicated and RBM20 represses >160 of its consecutive exons, yet detailed mechanisms for such extraordinary regulation are to be elucidated. The TTN gene encodes the largest known protein titin, a multi-functional sarcomeric structural protein specific to striated muscles. As titin is the most important factor for passive tension of cardiomyocytes, extensive heart-specific and developmentally regulated alternative splicing of the TTN pre-mRNA by RBM20 plays a critical role in passive stiffness and diastolic function of the heart. In disease models with diastolic dysfunctions, the phenotypes were rescued by increasing titin compliance through manipulation of the Ttn pre-mRNA splicing, raising RBM20 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Division of Pathology, Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Integrated Research Projects on Intractable Diseases Advanced Technology Laboratories, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Integrated Research Projects on Intractable Diseases Advanced Technology Laboratories, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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Matyushenko AM, Koubassova NA, Shchepkin DV, Kopylova GV, Nabiev SR, Nikitina LV, Bershitsky SY, Levitsky DI, Tsaturyan AK. The effects of cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in the head-to-tail overlap junction of α-tropomyosin on its properties and interaction with actin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:1266-1274. [PMID: 30240712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) plays a crucial role in the regulation of muscle contraction by controlling actin-myosin interaction. Tpm coiled-coil molecules bind each other via overlap junctions of their N- and C-termini and form a semi-rigid strand that binds the helical surface of an actin filament. The high bending stiffness of the strand is essential for high cooperativity of muscle regulation. Point mutations M8R and K15N in the N-terminal part of the junction and the A277V one in the C-terminal part are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, while the M281T and I284V mutations are related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To reveal molecular mechanism(s) underlying these pathologies, we studied the properties of recombinant Tpm carrying these mutations using several experimental approaches and molecular dynamic simulation of the junction. The M8R and K15N mutations weakened the interaction between the N- and C-termini of Tpm in the overlap junction and reduced the Tpm affinity for actin. These changes possibly led to a reduction in the regulation cooperativity. The C-terminal mutations caused only small and controversial changes in properties of Tpm and its complex with actin. Their involvement in disease phenotype is possibly caused by interaction with other sarcomere proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Matyushenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119071, Russia; Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Natalia A Koubassova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia; Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, 1 Mitchurinsky prosp., Moscow 119192, Russia
| | - Daniil V Shchepkin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Galina V Kopylova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Salavat R Nabiev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Larisa V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Bershitsky
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia
| | - Dmitrii I Levitsky
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119071, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory bld. 40, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Andrey K Tsaturyan
- Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, 1 Mitchurinsky prosp., Moscow 119192, Russia.
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22
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Zahr HC, Jaalouk DE. Exploring the Crosstalk Between LMNA and Splicing Machinery Gene Mutations in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 30050558 PMCID: PMC6052891 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes for the nuclear lamina proteins lamins A and C, are responsible for a diverse group of diseases known as laminopathies. One type of laminopathy is Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart muscle disease characterized by dilation of the left ventricle and impaired systolic function, often leading to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. LMNA is the second most commonly mutated gene in DCM. In addition to LMNA, mutations in more than 60 genes have been associated with DCM. The DCM-associated genes encode a variety of proteins including transcription factors, cytoskeletal, Ca2+-regulating, ion-channel, desmosomal, sarcomeric, and nuclear-membrane proteins. Another important category among DCM-causing genes emerged upon the identification of DCM-causing mutations in RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20), an alternative splicing factor that is chiefly expressed in the heart. In addition to RBM20, several essential splicing factors were validated, by employing mouse knock out models, to be embryonically lethal due to aberrant cardiogenesis. Furthermore, heart-specific deletion of some of these splicing factors was found to result in aberrant splicing of their targets and DCM development. In addition to splicing alterations, advances in next generation sequencing highlighted the association between splice-site mutations in several genes and DCM. This review summarizes LMNA mutations and splicing alterations in DCM and discusses how the interaction between LMNA and splicing regulators could possibly explain DCM disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana E. Jaalouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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23
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Phosphorylation of the RSRSP stretch is critical for splicing regulation by RNA-Binding Motif Protein 20 (RBM20) through nuclear localization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8970. [PMID: 29895960 PMCID: PMC5997748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM20 is a major regulator of heart-specific alternative pre-mRNA splicing of TTN encoding a giant sarcomeric protein titin. Mutation in RBM20 is linked to autosomal-dominant familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), yet most of the RBM20 missense mutations in familial and sporadic cases were mapped to an RSRSP stretch in an arginine/serine-rich region of which function remains unknown. In the present study, we identified an R634W missense mutation within the stretch and a G1031X nonsense mutation in cohorts of DCM patients. We demonstrate that the two serine residues in the RSRSP stretch are constitutively phosphorylated and mutations in the stretch disturb nuclear localization of RBM20. Rbm20S637A knock-in mouse mimicking an S635A mutation reported in a familial case showed a remarkable effect on titin isoform expression like in a patient carrying the mutation. These results revealed the function of the RSRSP stretch as a critical part of a nuclear localization signal and offer the Rbm20S637A mouse as a good model for in vivo study.
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24
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Guo W, Zhu C, Yin Z, Wang Q, Sun M, Cao H, Greaser ML. Splicing Factor RBM20 Regulates Transcriptional Network of Titin Associated and Calcium Handling Genes in The Heart. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:369-380. [PMID: 29725258 PMCID: PMC5930469 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) regulates pre-mRNA splicing of over thirty genes, among which titin is a major target. With RBM20 expression, titin expresses a larger isoform at fetal stage to a smaller isoform at adult resulting from alternative splicing, while, without RBM20, titin expresses exclusively a larger isoform throughout all ages. In addition to splicing regulation, it is unknown whether RBM20 also regulates gene expression. In this study, we employed Rbm20 knockout rats to investigate gene expression profile using Affymetrix expression array. We compared wild type to Rbm20 knockout at day1, 20 and 49. Bioinformatics analysis showed RBM20 regulates fewer genes expression at younger age and more at older age and commonly expressed genes have the same trends. GSEA indicated up-regulated genes are associated with heart failure. We examined titin binding partners. All titin direct binding partners are up-regulated and their increased expression is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Particularly, we found that genes involving calcium handling and muscle contraction are changed by RBM20. Intracellular calcium level measurement with individual cardiomyocytes further confirmed that changes of these proteins impact calcium handling. Selected genes from titin binding partners and calcium handling were validated with QPCR and western blotting. These data demonstrate that RBM20 regulates gene splicing as well as gene expression. Altered gene expression by RBM20 influences protein-protein interaction, calcium releasing and thus muscle contraction. Our results first reported gene expression impacted by RBM20 with heart maturation, and provided new insights into the role of RBM20 in the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion L Greaser
- Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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25
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Herkert JC, Abbott KM, Birnie E, Meems-Veldhuis MT, Boven LG, Benjamins M, du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, van Tintelen JP, van der Zwaag PA, Vos YJ, Sinke RJ, van den Berg MP, van Langen IM, Jongbloed JDH. Toward an effective exome-based genetic testing strategy in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Genet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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26
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van der Linde IHM, Hiemstra YL, Bökenkamp R, van Mil AM, Breuning MH, Ruivenkamp C, Ten Broeke SW, Veldkamp RF, van Waning JI, van Slegtenhorst MA, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Lekanne Deprez RH, Herkert JC, Boven L, van der Zwaag PA, Jongbloed JDH, Bootsma M, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM. A Dutch MYH7 founder mutation, p.(Asn1918Lys), is associated with early onset cardiomyopathy and congenital heart defects. Neth Heart J 2017; 25:675-681. [PMID: 28864942 PMCID: PMC5691818 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-017-1037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) gene commonly cause cardiomyopathy but are less frequently associated with congenital heart defects. Methods In this study, we describe a mutation in the MYH7 gene, c. 5754C > G; p. (Asn1918Lys), present in 15 probands and 65 family members. Results Of the 80 carriers (age range 0–88 years), 46 (57.5%) had cardiomyopathy (mainly dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)) and seven (8.8%) had a congenital heart defect. Childhood onset of cardiomyopathy was present in almost 10% of carriers. However, in only a slight majority (53.7%) was the left ventricular ejection fraction reduced and almost no arrhythmias or conduction disorders were noted. Moreover, only one carrier required heart transplantation and nine (11.3%) an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. In addition, the standardised mortality ratio for MYH7 carriers was not significantly increased. Whole exome sequencing in several cases with paediatric onset of DCM and one with isolated congenital heart defects did not reveal additional known disease-causing variants. Haplotype analysis suggests that the MYH7 variant is a founder mutation, and is therefore the first Dutch founder mutation identified in the MYH7 gene. The mutation appears to have originated in the western region of the province of South Holland between 500 and 900 years ago. Conclusion Clinically, the p. (Asn1918Lys) mutation is associated with congenital heart defects and/or cardiomyopathy at young age but with a relatively benign course. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-017-1037-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H M van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y L Hiemstra
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Bökenkamp
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M van Mil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M H Breuning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S W Ten Broeke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R F Veldkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - J I van Waning
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - R H Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C Herkert
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Boven
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P A van der Zwaag
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J D H Jongbloed
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Bootsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Patel MD, Mohan J, Schneider C, Bajpai G, Purevjav E, Canter CE, Towbin J, Bredemeyer A, Lavine KJ. Pediatric and adult dilated cardiomyopathy represent distinct pathological entities. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94382. [PMID: 28724792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common indication for heart transplantation in children. Despite similar genetic etiologies, medications routinely used in adult heart failure patients do not improve outcomes in the pediatric population. The mechanistic basis for these observations is unknown. We hypothesized that pediatric and adult DCM comprise distinct pathological entities, in that children do not undergo adverse remodeling, the target of adult heart failure therapies. To test this hypothesis, we examined LV specimens obtained from pediatric and adult donor controls and DCM patients. Consistent with the established pathophysiology of adult heart failure, adults with DCM displayed marked cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis compared with donor controls. In contrast, pediatric DCM specimens demonstrated minimal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis compared with both age-matched controls and adults with DCM. Strikingly, RNA sequencing uncovered divergent gene expression profiles in pediatric and adult patients, including enrichment of transcripts associated with adverse remodeling and innate immune activation in adult DCM specimens. Collectively, these findings reveal that pediatric and adult DCM represent distinct pathological entities, provide a mechanistic basis to explain why children fail to respond to adult heart failure therapies, and suggest the need to develop new approaches for pediatric DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaram Mohan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Caralin Schneider
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Geetika Bajpai
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrea Bredemeyer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, and.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Colpan M, Ly T, Grover S, Tolkatchev D, Kostyukova AS. The cardiomyopathy-associated K15N mutation in tropomyosin alters actin filament pointed end dynamics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 630:18-26. [PMID: 28732641 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Correct assembly of thin filaments composed of actin and actin-binding proteins is of crucial importance for properly functioning muscle cells. Tropomyosin (Tpm) mediates the binding of tropomodulin (Tmod) and leiomodin (Lmod) at the slow-growing, or pointed, ends of the thin filaments. Together these proteins regulate thin filament lengths and actin dynamics in cardiac muscle. The K15N mutation in the TPM1 gene is associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) but the effect of this mutation on Tpm's function is unknown. In this study, we introduced the K15N mutation in striated muscle α-Tpm (Tpm1.1) and investigated its interaction with actin, Tmod and Lmod. The mutation caused a ∼3-fold decrease in the affinity of Tpm1.1 for actin. The binding of Lmod and Tmod to Tpm1.1-covered actin filaments also decreased in the presence of the K15N mutation. Furthermore, the K15N mutation in Tpm1.1 disrupted the inhibition of actin polymerization and affected the competition between Tmod1 and Lmod2 for binding at the pointed ends. Our data demonstrate that the K15N mutation alters pointed end dynamics by affecting molecular interactions between Tpm1.1, Lmod2 and Tmod1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Colpan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| | - Thu Ly
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, United States
| | - Samantha Grover
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, United States
| | - Dmitri Tolkatchev
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, United States
| | - Alla S Kostyukova
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, United States.
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England J, Loughna S, Rutland CS. Multiple Species Comparison of Cardiac Troponin T and Dystrophin: Unravelling the DNA behind Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:E8. [PMID: 29367539 PMCID: PMC5715711 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have frequently been used as models for human disorders and mutations. Following advances in genetic testing and treatment options, and the decreasing cost of these technologies in the clinic, mutations in both companion and commercial animals are now being investigated. A recent review highlighted the genes associated with both human and non-human dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac troponin T and dystrophin were observed to be associated with both human and turkey (troponin T) and canine (dystrophin) dilated cardiomyopathies. This review gives an overview of the work carried out in cardiac troponin T and dystrophin to date in both human and animal dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer England
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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Insulin regulates titin pre-mRNA splicing through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR kinase axis in a RBM20-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2363-2371. [PMID: 28676430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Titin, a giant sarcomeric protein, is largely responsible for the diastolic properties of the heart. It has two major isoforms, N2B and N2BA due to pre-mRNA splicing regulated mainly by a splicing factor RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20). Mis-splicing of titin pre-mRNA in response to external stimuli may lead to altered ratio of N2B to N2BA, and thus, impaired cardiac contractile function. However, little is known about titin alternative splicing in response to external stimuli. Here, we reported the detailed mechanisms of titin alternative splicing in response to insulin. Insulin treatment in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR kinase axis, leading to increased N2B expression in the presence of RBM20, but not in NRCMs in the absence of RBM20. By inhibiting this kinase axis with inhibitors, decreased N2B isoform was observed in NRCMs and also in diabetic rat model treated with streptozotocin, but not in NRCMs and diabetic rats in the absence of RBM20. In addition to the alteration of titin isoform ratios in response to insulin, we found that RBM20 expression was increased in NRCMs with insulin treatment, suggesting that RBM20 levels were also regulated by insulin-induced kinase axis. Further, knockdown of p70S6K1 with siRNA reduced both RBM20 and N2B levels, while knockdown of 4E-BP1 elevated expression levels of RBM20 and N2B. These findings reveal a major signal transduction pathway for insulin-induced titin alternative splicing, and place RBM20 in a central position in the pathway, which is consistent with the reputed role of RBM20 in titin alternative splicing. Findings from this study shed light on gene therapeutic strategies at the molecular level by correction of pre-mRNA mis-splicing.
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Dewan S, McCabe KJ, Regnier M, McCulloch AD. Insights and Challenges of Multi-Scale Modeling of Sarcomere Mechanics in cTn and Tm DCM Mutants-Genotype to Cellular Phenotype. Front Physiol 2017; 8:151. [PMID: 28352236 PMCID: PMC5348544 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death characterized by impaired pump function and dilatation of cardiac ventricles. In this review we discuss various in silico approaches to elucidating the mechanisms of genetic mutations leading to DCM. The approaches covered in this review focus on bridging the spatial and temporal gaps that exist between molecular and cellular processes. Mutations in sarcomeric regulatory thin filament proteins such as the troponin complex (cTn) and Tropomyosin (Tm) have been associated with DCM. Despite the experimentally-observed myofilament measures of contractility in the case of these mutations, the mechanisms by which the underlying molecular changes and protein interactions scale up to organ failure by these mutations remains elusive. The review highlights multi-scale modeling approaches and their applicability to study the effects of sarcomeric gene mutations in-silico. We discuss some of the insights that can be gained from computational models of cardiac biomechanics when scaling from molecular states to cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Dewan
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly J McCabe
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zhu C, Chen Z, Guo W. Pre-mRNA mis-splicing of sarcomeric genes in heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:2056-2063. [PMID: 27825848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is an important biological process that allows production of multiple proteins from a single gene in the genome, and mainly contributes to protein diversity in eukaryotic organisms. Alternative splicing is commonly governed by RNA binding proteins to meet the ever-changing demands of the cell. However, the mis-splicing may lead to human diseases. In the heart of human, mis-regulation of alternative splicing has been associated with heart failure. In this short review, we focus on alternative splicing of sarcomeric genes and review mis-splicing related heart failure with relatively well studied Sarcomeric genes and splicing mechanisms with identified regulatory factors. The perspective of alternative splicing based therapeutic strategies in heart failure has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhu
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Lai A, Haas J, Holzer DB, Frese KS, Keller A, Jensen K, Katus HA, Meder B. Genotype-phenotype associations in dilated cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis on more than 8000 individuals. Clin Res Cardiol 2016; 106:127-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-016-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fiorillo C, Astrea G, Savarese M, Cassandrini D, Brisca G, Trucco F, Pedemonte M, Trovato R, Ruggiero L, Vercelli L, D'Amico A, Tasca G, Pane M, Fanin M, Bello L, Broda P, Musumeci O, Rodolico C, Messina S, Vita GL, Sframeli M, Gibertini S, Morandi L, Mora M, Maggi L, Petrucci A, Massa R, Grandis M, Toscano A, Pegoraro E, Mercuri E, Bertini E, Mongini T, Santoro L, Nigro V, Minetti C, Santorelli FM, Bruno C. MYH7-related myopathies: clinical, histopathological and imaging findings in a cohort of Italian patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:91. [PMID: 27387980 PMCID: PMC4936326 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7)-related myopathies are emerging as an important group of muscle diseases of childhood and adulthood, with variable clinical and histopathological expression depending on the type and location of the mutation. Mutations in the head and neck domains are a well-established cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy whereas mutation in the distal regions have been associated with a range of skeletal myopathies with or without cardiac involvement, including Laing distal myopathy and Myosin storage myopathy. Recently the spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in MYH7 has increased, blurring this scheme and adding further phenotypes to the list. A broader disease spectrum could lead to misdiagnosis of different congenital myopathies, neurogenic atrophy and other neuromuscular conditions. RESULTS As a result of a multicenter Italian study we collected clinical, histopathological and imaging data from a population of 21 cases from 15 families, carrying reported or novel mutations in MYH7. Patients displayed a variable phenotype including atypical pictures, as dropped head and bent spine, which cannot be classified in previously described groups. Half of the patients showed congenital or early infantile weakness with predominant distal weakness. Conversely, patients with later onset present prevalent proximal weakness. Seven patients were also affected by cardiomyopathy mostly in the form of non-compacted left ventricle. Muscle biopsy was consistent with minicores myopathy in numerous cases. Muscle MRI was meaningful in delineating a shared pattern of selective involvement of tibialis anterior muscles, with relative sparing of quadriceps. CONCLUSION This work adds to the genotype-phenotype correlation of MYH7-relatedmyopathies confirming the complexity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fiorillo
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternad and Child Health, University of Genova, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - G Astrea
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Savarese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - D Cassandrini
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Brisca
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Trucco
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Pedemonte
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Trovato
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Vercelli
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tasca
- Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M Pane
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P Broda
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - O Musumeci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G L Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Sframeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Gibertini
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Morandi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Petrucci
- Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Rare Diseases, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Massa
- Department of Systems Medicine (Neurology), University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternad and Child Health, University of Genova, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E Mercuri
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - T Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - V Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - C Minetti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternad and Child Health, University of Genova, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - F M Santorelli
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Zaklyazminskaya E, Dzemeshkevich S. The role of mutations in the SCN5A gene in cardiomyopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1799-805. [PMID: 26916278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The SCN5A gene encodes the alpha-subunit of the Nav1.5 ion channel protein, which is responsible for the sodium inward current (INa). Since 1995 several hundred mutations in this gene have been found to be causative for inherited arrhythmias including Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, cardiac conduction disease, sudden infant death syndrome, etc. As expected these syndromes are primarily electrical heart diseases leading to life-threatening arrhythmias with an "apparently normal heart". In 2003 a new form of dilated cardiomyopathy was identified associated with mutations in the SCN5A gene. Recently mutations have been also found in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and atrial standstill. The purpose of this review is to outline and analyze the following four topics: 1) SCN5A genetic variants linked to different cardiomyopathies; 2) clinical manifestations of the known mutations; 3) possible molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling; and 4) the potential implications of gene-specific treatment for those disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zaklyazminskaya
- Petrovsky Russian Research Centre of Surgery, Abricosovsky pereulok, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Sergei Dzemeshkevich
- Petrovsky Russian Research Centre of Surgery, Abricosovsky pereulok, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Ladd AN. New Insights Into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:125-85. [PMID: 27017008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression during development takes place both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate pre-mRNA processing, mRNA localization, stability, and translation. Many RBPs are expressed in the heart and have been implicated in heart development, function, or disease. This chapter will review the current knowledge about RBPs in the developing heart, focusing on those that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. The involvement of RBPs at each stage of heart development will be considered in turn, including the establishment of specific cardiac cell types and formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac morphogenesis, and postnatal maturation and aging. The contributions of RBPs to cardiac birth defects and heart disease will also be considered in these contexts. Finally, the interplay between RBPs and other regulatory factors in the developing heart, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ladd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a rare disorder of the heart muscle, affecting 1.13 cases per 100,000 children, from birth to 18 years of age. Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart transplantation in children over the age of 1. The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry funded in 1994 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was established to examine the epidemiology of the disease in children below 18 years of age. More than 3500 children across the United States and Canada have been enrolled in the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry, which has followed-up these patients until death, heart transplantation, or loss to follow-up. The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry has provided the most in-depth illustration of this disease regarding its aetiology, clinical course, associated risk factors, and patient outcomes. Data from the registry have helped in guiding the clinical management of cardiomyopathy in children under 18 years of age; however, questions still remain regarding the most clinically effective diagnostic and treatment approaches for these patients. Future directions of the registry include the use of next-generation whole-exome sequencing and cardiac biomarkers to identify aetiology-specific treatments and improve diagnostic strategies. This article provides a brief synopsis of the work carried out by the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry since its inception, including the current knowledge on the aetiologies, outcomes, and treatments of cardiomyopathy in children.
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Morales A, Hershberger RE. The Rationale and Timing of Molecular Genetic Testing for Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1309-12. [PMID: 26518443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been challenging, owing in large part to marked genetic heterogeneity. However, lower costs from next-generation sequencing have enabled gene discovery and the expansion of genetic testing panels. These advances have improved molecular diagnostics and predictive testing in DCM. We provide a rationale and recommendation for clinical genetic testing in all DCM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Morales
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ray E Hershberger
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Simpson S, Edwards J, Emes RD, Cobb MA, Mongan NP, Rutland CS. A predictive model for canine dilated cardiomyopathy-a meta-analysis of Doberman Pinscher data. PeerJ 2015; 3:e842. [PMID: 25834770 PMCID: PMC4380154 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a prevalent and often fatal disease in humans and dogs. Indeed dilated cardiomyopathy is the third most common form of cardiac disease in humans, reported to affect approximately 36 individuals per 100,000 individuals. In dogs, dilated cardiomyopathy is the second most common cardiac disease and is most prevalent in the Irish Wolfhound, Doberman Pinscher and Newfoundland breeds. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterised by ventricular chamber enlargement and systolic dysfunction which often leads to congestive heart failure. Although multiple human loci have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, the identified variants are typically associated with rare monogenic forms of dilated cardiomyopathy. The potential for multigenic interactions contributing to human dilated cardiomyopathy remains poorly understood. Consistent with this, several known human dilated cardiomyopathy loci have been excluded as common causes of canine dilated cardiomyopathy, although canine dilated cardiomyopathy resembles the human disease functionally. This suggests additional genetic factors contribute to the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype.This study represents a meta-analysis of available canine dilated cardiomyopathy genetic datasets with the goal of determining potential multigenic interactions relating the sex chromosome genotype (XX vs. XY) with known dilated cardiomyopathy associated loci on chromosome 5 and the PDK4 gene in the incidence and progression of dilated cardiomyopathy. The results show an interaction between known canine dilated cardiomyopathy loci and an unknown X-linked locus. Our study is the first to test a multigenic contribution to dilated cardiomyopathy and suggest a genetic basis for the known sex-disparity in dilated cardiomyopathy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Simpson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Jennifer Edwards
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Richard D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK ; Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Malcolm A Cobb
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK ; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA
| | - Catrin S Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Leicestershire , UK
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Tariq M, Ware SM. Importance of genetic evaluation and testing in pediatric cardiomyopathy. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1156-1165. [PMID: 25429328 PMCID: PMC4244613 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i11.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathies are clinically heterogeneous heart muscle disorders that are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Phenotypes include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. There is substantial evidence for a genetic contribution to pediatric cardiomyopathy. To date, more than 100 genes have been implicated in cardiomyopathy, but comprehensive genetic diagnosis has been problematic because of the large number of genes, the private nature of mutations, and difficulties in interpreting novel rare variants. This review will focus on current knowledge on the genetic etiologies of pediatric cardiomyopathy and their diagnostic relevance in clinical settings. Recent developments in sequencing technologies are greatly impacting the pace of gene discovery and clinical diagnosis. Understanding the genetic basis for pediatric cardiomyopathy and establishing genotype-phenotype correlations may help delineate the molecular and cellular events necessary to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for heart muscle dysfunction in children.
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Abstract
Recent advances have expanded our ability to conduct a comprehensive genetic evaluation for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). By evaluating recent literature, this review aims to bring the reader up-to-date on the genetic evaluation of DCM. Updated guidelines have been published. Mutations in BAG3, including a large deletion, were identified in 2 % of DCM. Truncating mutations in TTN were reported in 25 % of DCM. Two new genes have been reported with autosomal recessive DCM. These studies illustrate the role of improved technologies while raising the possibility of a complex genetic model for DCM. The inclusion of TTN has led to an increased genetic testing detection rate of 40 %. While our ability to identify disease-causing variants has increased, so has the identification of variants of unknown significance. A genetic evaluation for DCM must therefore address this complexity.
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A1180V of cardiac sodium channel gene (SCN5A): is it a risk factor for dilated cardiomyopathy or just a common variant in Han Chinese? DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:531-5. [PMID: 24227891 PMCID: PMC3817650 DOI: 10.1155/2013/659528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study of a Chinese family with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) suggested that A1180V of the cardiac sodium channel gene (SCN5A) was associated with the disease within this family. According to data deposited in dbSNP, however, A1180V has been found in some small samples of the Asian population. In this study, we followed up the affected pedigree and expanded the investigation of the prevalence of A1180V in 460 unrelated healthy Han Chinese. Besides, we searched and analyzed it in other database as well. During the follow-up period, 1 A1180V carrier's condition deteriorated alot, and another 4 carriers progressed to DCM or atrioventricular block (AVB). We also found that the A1180V was absent among the 460 individuals (0%, 0/460), and the carrier frequency of A1180V among Chinese was about 0.51% obtained from the 1000 genome project. In conclusion, our finding suggests that A1180V is a potential risk factor for DCM, and it is extremely rare among Healthy Han Chinese.
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Identification of nuclear retention domains in the RBM20 protein. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2989-95. [PMID: 23886709 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RBM20 is a nuclear protein which regulates alternative splicing of expressed genes that have a key role in cardiac function. By cloning the human and mouse RBM20 cDNA, producing expressing vectors for truncated proteins, and comparing their sub-cellular distribution in transfected cells, we have identified the sequences necessary for RBM20 full nuclear retention. The region overlaps an RNA binding motif and a serine-arginine domain. The sequence is conserved in many species but belongs only to RBM20 orthologs. The RMB20 tissue specificity, together with the properties of its nuclear localization determinant, demonstrates a specific evolutionary selection of post-transcriptional regulation factors.
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Mook ORF, Haagmans MA, Soucy JF, van de Meerakker JBA, Baas F, Jakobs ME, Hofman N, Christiaans I, Lekanne Deprez RH, Mannens MMAM. Targeted sequence capture and GS-FLX Titanium sequencing of 23 hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy genes: implementation into diagnostics. J Med Genet 2013; 50:614-26. [PMID: 23785128 PMCID: PMC3756457 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathies poses a challenge. Multiple genes are involved but no clear genotype-phenotype correlations have been found so far. In the past, genetic evaluation for hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies was performed by sequential screening of a very limited number of genes. Recent developments in sequencing have increased the throughput, enabling simultaneous screening of multiple genes for multiple patients in a single sequencing run. OBJECTIVE Development and implementation of a next generation sequencing (NGS) based genetic test as replacement for Sanger sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to increase the number of genes that can be screened in a shorter time period, we enriched all exons of 23 of the most relevant HCM and DCM related genes using on-array multiplexed sequence capture followed by massively parallel pyrosequencing on the GS-FLX Titanium. After optimisation of array based sequence capture it was feasible to reliably detect a large panel of known and unknown variants in HCM and DCM patients, whereby the unknown variants could be confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The rate of detection of (pathogenic) variants in both HCM and DCM patients was increased due to a larger number of genes studied. Array based target enrichment followed by NGS showed the same accuracy as Sanger sequencing. Therefore, NGS is ready for implementation in a diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf R F Mook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Li S, Guo W, Dewey CN, Greaser ML. Rbm20 regulates titin alternative splicing as a splicing repressor. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2659-72. [PMID: 23307558 PMCID: PMC3575840 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin, a sarcomeric protein expressed primarily in striated muscles, is responsible for maintaining the structure and biomechanical properties of muscle cells. Cardiac titin undergoes developmental size reduction from 3.7 megadaltons in neonates to primarily 2.97 megadaltons in the adult. This size reduction results from gradually increased exon skipping between exons 50 and 219 of titin mRNA. Our previous study reported that Rbm20 is the splicing factor responsible for this process. In this work, we investigated its molecular mechanism. We demonstrate that Rbm20 mediates exon skipping by binding to titin pre-mRNA to repress the splicing of some regions; the exons/introns in these Rbm20-repressed regions are ultimately skipped. Rbm20 was also found to mediate intron retention and exon shuffling. The two Rbm20 speckles found in nuclei from muscle tissues were identified as aggregates of Rbm20 protein on the partially processed titin pre-mRNAs. Cooperative repression and alternative 3' splice site selection were found to be used by Rbm20 to skip different subsets of titin exons, and the splicing pathway selected depended on the ratio of Rbm20 to other splicing factors that vary with tissue type and developmental age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Clinical utility gene card for: dilated cardiomyopathy (CMD). Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:ejhg2012276. [PMID: 23249954 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Elliott PM, Mohiddin SA. Almanac 2011: Cardiomyopathies. The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology. Egypt Heart J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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50
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Elliott PM, Mohiddin SA. Almanac 2011: Cardiomyopathies. The national society journals present selected research that has driven recent advances in clinical cardiology. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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