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Wang Y, Vallée E, Heuer C, Wang Y, Guo A, Zhang Z, Compton C. A scoping review on the epidemiology and public significance of Brucella abortus in Chinese dairy cattle and humans. One Health 2024; 18:100683. [PMID: 39010971 PMCID: PMC11247298 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella spp., is a re-emerging One Health disease with increased prevalence and incidence in Chinese dairy cattle and humans, severely affecting animal productivity and public health. In dairy cattle, B. abortus is the primary causative agent although infections with other Brucella species occur occasionally. However, the epidemiological and comparative importance of B. abortus in dairy cattle and humans remains inadequately understood throughout China due to the heterogeneity in locations, quality, and study methods. This scoping review aims to describe the changing status of B. abortus infection in dairy cattle and humans, investigate the circulating Brucella species and biovars, and identify factors driving the disease transmission by retrieving publicly accessible literature from four databases. After passing the prespecified inclusion criteria, 60 original articles were included in the final synthesis. Although the reported animal-level and farm-level prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle was lower compared to other endemic countries (e.g. Iran and India), it has been reported to increase over the last decade. The incidence of brucellosis in humans displayed seasonal increases. The Rose Bengal Test and Serum Agglutination Test, interpreted in series, were the most used serological test to diagnose Brucella spp. in dairy cattle and humans. B. abortus biovar 3 was the predominant species (81.9%) and biovar (70.3%) in dairy cattle, and B. melitensis biovar 3 was identified as the most commonly detected strain in human brucellosis cases. These strains were mainly clustered in Inner Mongolia and Shannxi Province (75.7%), limiting the generalizability of the results to other provinces. Live cattle movement or trade was identified as the key factor driving brucellosis transmission, but its transmission pattern remains unknown within the Chinese dairy sector. These knowledge gaps require a more effective One Health approach to be bridged. A coordinated and evidence-based research program is essential to inform regional or national control strategies that are both feasible and economical in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emilie Vallée
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cord Heuer
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450045, China
| | - Chris Compton
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Mikailov MM, Gunashev SA, Yanikova EA, Halikov AA, Bulashev AK. Indirect hemagglutination assay for diagnosing brucellosis: Past, present, and future. Vet World 2024; 17:811-819. [PMID: 38798281 PMCID: PMC11111721 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.811-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes enormous losses in livestock production worldwide and has a significant public health impact. None of the brucellosis-free countries is currently able to guarantee their ability to prevent the introduction of the pathogen due to the increase in tourism and the expansion of migration. The timely identification of infected animals is an effective means of preventing brucellosis and minimizing the epidemiological risk. The tube agglutination test, Rose Bengal plate test, complement fixation test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which are routinely used to identify seropositive productive animals, have limitations and results that do not always correlate. The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) stands out among non-traditional methods because it is affordable, has a simple protocol, and is more reliable than classical serological tests, especially in cases of questionable and/or false-negative results. The diagnostic value of the IHA has long been studied by laboratories in several countries, but mostly by post-soviet research teams; therefore, the results continue to be published in Russian-language journals, ensuring that the local scientific community can access the results. In addition, the efficacy of this test for the diagnosis of brucellosis and other infectious diseases has not yet been reviewed. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies on the development and use of IHA for the diagnosis of brucellosis and to determine the prospects for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Mikailov
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology of Farm Animals, Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
| | - Sh. A. Gunashev
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology of Farm Animals, Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
| | - E. A. Yanikova
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology of Farm Animals, Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
| | - A. A. Halikov
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology of Farm Animals, Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
| | - Aitbay K. Bulashev
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Wang Y, Vallée E, Compton C, Heuer C, Guo A, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Vignes M. A novel Bayesian Latent Class Model (BLCM) evaluates multiple continuous and binary tests: A case study for Brucella abortus in dairy cattle. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106115. [PMID: 38219433 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis, primarily caused by Brucella abortus, severely affects both animal health and human well-being. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for designing informed control and prevention measures. Lacking a gold standard test makes it challenging to determine optimal cut-off values and evaluate the diagnostic performance of tests. In this study, we developed a novel Bayesian Latent Class Model that integrates both binary and continuous testing outcomes, incorporating additional fixed (parity) and random (farm) effects, to calibrate optimal cut-off values by maximizing Youden Index. We tested 651 serum samples collected from six dairy farms in two regions of Henan Province, China with four serological tests: Rose Bengal Test, Serum Agglutination Test, Fluorescence Polarization Assay, and Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Our analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off values for FPA and C-ELISA were 94.2 mP and 0.403 PI, respectively. Sensitivity estimates for the four tests ranged from 69.7% to 89.9%, while specificity estimates varied between 97.1% and 99.6%. The true prevalences in the two study regions in Henan province were 4.7% and 30.3%. Parity-specific odds ratios for positive serological status ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 for different parity groups compared to primiparous cows. This approach provides a robust framework for validating diagnostic tests for both continuous and discrete tests in the absence of a gold standard test. Our findings can enhance our ability to design targeted disease detection strategies and implement effective control measures for brucellosis in Chinese dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Emilie Vallée
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chris Compton
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cord Heuer
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450045, China
| | - Matthieu Vignes
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Andrade RS, Oliveira MMD, Bueno Filho JSDS, Ferreira F, Godfroid J, Lage AP, Dorneles EMS. Accuracy of serological tests for bovine brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2024; 222:106079. [PMID: 38056065 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct methods for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis have several limitations, therefore serological tests are the basis for the diagnosis of the disease. However, a meta-analysis estimating the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) on the main tests used in bovine brucellosis control programs worldwide has not been performed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the DSe, DSp and thereby accuracy of serological tests individually used in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. The databases CABI, Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science were used to select articles. The search resulted in 5308 studies, of which 71 were selected for systematic review using quality assessment tools and 65 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis, 178 assays and 11 different serological tests were considered. To estimate DSe and DSp of the tests, studies were divided according to animal selection for the studies: (1) studies that carried out a random or consecutive selection of participants (noncasecontrol studies) and (2) all studies, including casecontrol studies. Considering only the non-case-control studies to estimate the DSe, the tests that exhibited the best and worst performance were the iELISA test (indirect enzyme immunoassay - bacterial suspension as antigen - BS) (96.5%, 95% CI: 94.1-97.9%) and 2ME (2- mercaptoethanol test) (85.0%, 95% CI: 79.6-89.1%), respectively; while for DSp, the FPA (fluorescence polarization assay) (99, 7%, 95% CI: 99.5-99.8%) and PCFIA tests (protein concentration fluorescence immunoassay) (78.5%, 95% CI: 70.0-85.1%) showed better and worse performance, respectively. Overall, our results showed an overestimation in the DSe and DSp of the eleven serological tests assessed when casecontrol studies were included in the meta-analysis, which is a concern considering its impacts on the time and costs associated with populational diagnosis of the diseases, since several of these tests are routinely used in the control and eradication programs of bovine brucellosis worldwide. Furthermore, the tests that exhibited the best DSe and DSp, iELISA (BS) and FPA, respectively, are relatively easy to perform and interpret and the test which showed the best overall accuracy was FPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Silva Andrade
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Martins de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Djokic V, Freddi L, de Massis F, Lahti E, van den Esker MH, Whatmore A, Haughey A, Ferreira AC, Garofolo G, Melzer F, Sacchini F, Koets A, Wyllie S, Fontbonne A, Girault G, Vicente AF, McGiven J, Ponsart C. The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2249126. [PMID: 37649455 PMCID: PMC10540651 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2249126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The zoonotic bacteria, Brucella canis, is becoming the leading cause of canine brucellosis in Europe. In dogs, it causes reproductive problems as well as non-specific lameness or discospondilitis. In humans, B. canis can be origin of chronic debilitating conditions characteristic to its genus such as undulant fever, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Although B. canis shows some pathogenic characteristics similar to B. abortus and B. melitensis, it lacks surface O-polysaccharide, like nonzoonotic B. ovis. This review shows that host-B. canis interactions are still poorly understood, with many knowledge and capability gaps, causing relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic tools. Currently, there is no vaccine for this rough Brucella species. Besides, antimicrobial therapy does not guarantee bacterial elimination, and infection relapses are frequently reported, increasing the risks of antibiotic resistance development. B. canis has been detected in dogs in almost all European countries which increased human exposure, but currently there is no systematic surveillance. Moreover, B. canis caused brucellosis is not included in Animal Health Law, and therefore there is no legal framework to tackle this emerging infectious disease. To map out the diagnostic strategies, identify risks for human infections and propose management scheme for infected pet and kennel dogs, we present current understanding of canine B. canis caused brucellosis, outline major knowledge gaps and propose future steps. To address and highlight challenges veterinary and public health services encounter in Europe, we developed two B. canis infection scenarios: of a single household pet and of a kennel dog in larger group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitomir Djokic
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fabrizio de Massis
- National and WOAH Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elina Lahti
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marielle H. van den Esker
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Whatmore
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Anna Haughey
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National and WOAH Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Flavio Sacchini
- National and WOAH Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ad Koets
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Wyllie
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Alain Fontbonne
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Acacia Ferreira Vicente
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - John McGiven
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Blasco JM, Moreno E, Muñoz PM, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I. A review of three decades of use of the cattle brucellosis rough vaccine Brucella abortus RB51: myths and facts. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:211. [PMID: 37853407 PMCID: PMC10583465 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle brucellosis is a severe zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by Brucella abortus and B. melitensis. In some countries with appropriate infrastructure, animal tagging and movement control, eradication was possible through efficient diagnosis and vaccination with B. abortus S19, usually combined with test-and-slaughter (T/S). Although S19 elicits anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies that may interfere in the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), this issue is minimized using appropriate S19 vaccination protocols and irrelevant when high-prevalence makes mass vaccination necessary or when eradication requisites are not met. However, S19 has been broadly replaced by vaccine RB51 (a rifampin-resistant rough mutant) as it is widely accepted that is DIVA, safe and as protective as S19. These RB51 properties are critically reviewed here using the evidence accumulated in the last 35 years. Controlled experiments and field evidence shows that RB51 interferes in immunosorbent assays (iELISA, cELISA and others) and in complement fixation, issues accentuated by revaccinating animals previously immunized with RB51 or S19. Moreover, contacts with virulent brucellae elicit anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies in RB51 vaccinated animals. Thus, accepting that RB51 is truly DIVA results in extended diagnostic confusions and, when combined with T/S, unnecessary over-culling. Studies supporting the safety of RB51 are flawed and, on the contrary, there is solid evidence that RB51 is excreted in milk and abortifacient in pregnant animals, thus being released in abortions and vaginal fluids. These problems are accentuated by the RB51 virulence in humans, lack diagnostic serological tests detecting these infections and RB51 rifampicin resistance. In controlled experiments, protection by RB51 compares unfavorably with S19 and lasts less than four years with no evidence that RB51-revaccination bolsters immunity, and field studies reporting its usefulness are flawed. There is no evidence that RB51 protects cattle against B. melitensis, infection common when raised together with small ruminants. Finally, data acumulated during cattle brucellosis eradication in Spain shows that S19-T/S is far more efficacious than RB51-T/S, which does not differ from T/S alone. We conclude that the assumption that RB51 is DIVA, safe, and efficaceous results from the uncritical repetition of imperfectly examined evidence, and advise against its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Blasco
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - E Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - P M Muñoz
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, España
| | - R Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Moriyón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Moriyón I, Blasco JM, Letesson JJ, De Massis F, Moreno E. Brucellosis and One Health: Inherited and Future Challenges. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2070. [PMID: 37630630 PMCID: PMC10459711 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One Health is the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment, a concept that historically owes much to the study of brucellosis, including recent political and ethical considerations. Brucellosis One Health actors include Public Health and Veterinary Services, microbiologists, medical and veterinary practitioners and breeders. Brucellosis awareness, and the correct use of diagnostic, epidemiological and prophylactic tools is essential. In brucellosis, One Health implementation faces inherited and new challenges, some aggravated by global warming and the intensification of breeding to meet growing food demands. In endemic scenarios, disease awareness, stakeholder sensitization/engagement and the need to build breeder trust are unresolved issues, all made difficult by the protean characteristics of this zoonosis. Extended infrastructural weaknesses, often accentuated by geography and climate, are critically important. Capacity-building faces misconceptions derived from an uncritical adoption of control/eradication strategies applied in countries with suitable means, and requires additional reference laboratories in endemic areas. Challenges for One Health implementation include the lack of research in species other than cattle and small ruminants, the need for a safer small ruminant vaccine, the need to fill in the infrastructure gap, the need for realistic capacity-building, the creation of reference laboratories in critical areas, and the stepwise implementation of measures not directly transposed from the so-called developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moriyón
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Medical School, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Blasco
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jean Jacques Letesson
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms, Narilis, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Fabrizio De Massis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica;
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Bugeza J, Roesel K, Moriyon I, Mugizi D, Alinaitwe L, Kivali V, Kankya C, Cook EAJ. Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti- Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1213592. [PMID: 38455915 PMCID: PMC10910896 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1213592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Brucellosis is endemic in Uganda and is a major cause of production losses in livestock. Early detection and quantification of the disease is vital for its control and eradication. The aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughtered livestock. Materials and methods Sera from 886 cattle, 925 small ruminants, and 900 pigs were collected from regional abattoirs in Northern, Eastern and Central Uganda. To estimate sero-prevalence, sera were serially tested using a combination of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Native Hapten (NH) immunoprecipitation test. True sero-prevalence was estimated using the Rogan-Gladden estimator considering the sensitivity and specificity of the NH immunoprecipitation test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies. Results and discussion Small ruminants showed the highest seroprevalence (6.7%, 95% CI = 4.2-7.1) followed by cattle (3.8%, 95% CI = 2.4-4.9) and pigs (2.8%, 95% CI = 1.1-2.9). Seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies was associated with region of origin (OR = 4.6,95%CI=1.49-17.75, p = 0.013) for cattle; sex (OR = 2.90, 95% C = 1.5-6.34, p = 0.004), age (OR=4.04, 95% CI = 1.07-8.52, p = 0.006) and species (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.08-6.98, p = 0.048) for small ruminants; and finally sex for pigs (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.07-8.52, p = 0.041). Progressive control interventions must include both cattle and small ruminants since they play a bigger role in the maintenance and dissemination of Brucella. The interventions should adopt a risk-based approach with regions at higher risk being given top priority. Bacteriological and molecular studies should be undertaken to clarify the role of pigs and the goat-cattle cross infections in the epidemiological cycle of brucellosis in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bugeza
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
- Vaccinology Research Program, National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), Kampala, Uganda
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kristina Roesel
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ignacio Moriyon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, ISTUN (Instituto de Salud Tropical) y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, España (Spain)
| | - Denis Mugizi
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lordrick Alinaitwe
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Velma Kivali
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clovice Kankya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Bányász B, Antal J, Dénes B. False Positives in Brucellosis Serology: Wrong Bait and Wrong Pond? Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050274. [PMID: 37235322 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the status of resolving the problem of false positive serologic results (FPSR) in Brucella serology, compiles our knowledge on the molecular background of the problem, and highlights some prospects for its resolution. The molecular basis of the FPSRs is reviewed through analyzing the components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, especially the surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with details related to brucellae. After evaluating the efforts that have been made to solve target specificity problems of serologic tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) resolving the FPSR problem requires a deeper understanding than we currently possess, both of Brucella immunology and of the current serology tests; (ii) the practical solutions will be as expensive as the related research; and (iii) the root cause of FPSRs is the application of the same type of antigen (S-type LPS) in the currently approved tests. Thus, new approaches are necessary to resolve the problems stemming from FPSR. Such approaches suggested by this paper are: (i) the application of antigens from R-type bacteria; or (ii) the further development of specific brucellin-based skin tests; or (iii) the application of microbial cell-free DNA as analyte, whose approach is detailed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Bányász
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Immunology, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Antal
- Omixon Biocomputing Ltd., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Dénes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
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Seroprevalence, associated risk factors, and molecular detection of bovine brucellosis in rural areas of Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 95:101971. [PMID: 36921504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out on six villages in northern Egypt to evaluate the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis among 989 unvaccinated household cattle by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA) and to investigate the existence of Brucella DNA using real-time PCR in 100 milk and 100 sera from seropositive cattle and 50 sera from seronegative cattle. The overall seroprevalence was 20.7% and 23.7% by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. Based on the iELISA results, the seroprevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the village II (34.7%) and cattle > 7 years (30.1%). More males than females were non-significant seropositive (P = 0.6). There was 95% agreement between RBPT and iELISA, although iELISA showed a higher positivity rate (23.7%, 95% CI: 0.21-0.26) than RBPT (20.7%, 95% CI: 0.18-0.24). DNA of Brucella was confirmed in 16 milk samples by IS711 qPCR from seropositive cattle, however, no Brucella DNA was detected in serum samples tested positive and negative. Brucella abortus was the only species detected based on the alkB gene. Prevalence is highly related to the sampling site and the age of the animals. In conclusion, although qPCR is more accurate and commonly used in the diagnosis of most infectious diseases but in this situation iELISA is preferred and recommended for continuous screening and animal movement restriction and vaccination protocols, especially in high-risk areas.
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Vaccine properties of Brucella melitensis 16MΔwzm and reactivation of placental infection in pregnant sheep. Vaccine 2023; 41:1554-1566. [PMID: 36653223 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease, is endemic in many developing countries. Besides causing significant economic losses for the livestock industry, it has severe consequences for human health. In endemic regions, small ruminants infected by Brucella melitensis are the main source of human brucellosis. Rev1, the only vaccine currently recommended to control the disease in sheep and goats, has several drawbacks. Rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS) mutants have been tested as alternatives, but most lack efficacy. Those in the Wzm/Wzt system responsible for O-polysaccharide export to the periplasm have been proposed as promising vaccine candidates, although to date they have been scarcely investigated in the natural host. In the present work, we studied the biological properties of a 16MΔwzm in-frame deletion mutant, including its safety in pregnant mice and sheep. In mice, 16MΔwzm prevented placental and fetal infections before parturition and protected against B. melitensis and Brucella ovis infections. In sheep, 16MΔwzm was equally safe in lambs, rams, and non-pregnant ewes, inducing some transient Rose Bengal reactions (<7 weeks). The serological reactions occurred earlier and more strongly in pregnant than in non-pregnant ewes and were significantly reduced when conjunctival rather than subcutaneous vaccination was used. In ewes vaccinated at mid-pregnancy, 16MΔwzm was not shed in vaginal discharges during the pregnancy and did not induce abortions/stillbirths. However, some ewes showed a transitory reactivation of infection in placentas and/or milk at parturition, accompanied by a seroconversion in smooth LPS (S-LPS) and/or R-LPS tests. Overall, 16MΔwzm can be considered as a safe vaccine for lambs, rams, and non-pregnant ewes, but its use at mid-pregnancy should be avoided to prevent vaccine dissemination at parturition. If the efficacy results against B. melitensis and B. ovis observed in mice are confirmed by further studies in the natural host, 16MΔwzm could constitute a useful vaccine.
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Evidence of co-exposure with Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, and Rift Valley fever virus among various species of wildlife in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010596. [PMID: 35939503 PMCID: PMC9359551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-infection, especially with pathogens of dissimilar genetic makeup, may result in a more devastating impact on the host. Investigations on co-infection with neglected zoonotic pathogens in wildlife are necessary to inform appropriate prevention and control strategies to reduce disease burden in wildlife and the potential transmission of these pathogens between wildlife, livestock and humans. This study assessed co-exposure of various Kenyan wildflife species with Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Methodology A total of 363 sera from 16 different wildlife species, most of them (92.6%) herbivores, were analysed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG antibodies against Brucella spp, C. burnetii and RVFV. Further, 280 of these were tested by PCR to identify Brucella species. Results Of the 16 wildlife species tested, 15 (93.8%) were seropositive for at least one of the pathogens. Mean seropositivities were 18.9% (95% CI: 15.0–23.3) for RVFV, 13.7% (95% CI: 10.3–17.7) for Brucella spp and 9.1% (95% CI: 6.3–12.5) for C. burnetii. Buffaloes (n = 269) had higher seropositivity for Brucella spp. (17.1%, 95% CI: 13.0–21.7%) and RVFV (23.4%, 95% CI: 18.6–28.6%), while giraffes (n = 36) had the highest seropositivity for C. burnetii (44.4%, 95% CI: 27.9–61.9%). Importantly, 23 of the 93 (24.7%) animals positive for at least one pathogen were co-exposed, with 25.4% (18/71) of the positive buffaloes positive for brucellosis and RVFV. On molecular analysis, Brucella DNA was detected in 46 (19.5%, CI: 14.9–24.7) samples, with 4 (8.6%, 95% CI: 2.2–15.8) being identified as B. melitensis. The Fisher’s Exact test indicated that seropositivity varied significantly within the different animal families, with Brucella (p = 0.013), C. burnetii (p = <0.001) and RVFV (p = 0.007). Location was also significantly associated (p = <0.001) with Brucella spp. and C. burnetii seropositivities. Conclusion Of ~20% of Kenyan wildlife that are seropositive for Brucella spp, C. burnetii and RVFV, almost 25% indicate co-infections with the three pathogens, particularly with Brucella spp and RVFV. Infection of an animal with more than one pathogen may result into a more devastating impact. Only few studies have investigated co-infection with multiple pathogens in wildlife, despite their key role as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Therefore, there is need for investigations on co-infection with neglected zoonotic pathogens in wildlife to inform prevention and control approaches and reduce disease impact in wildlife and potential transmission of these pathogens between wildlife, livestock, and humans. This study assessed co-exposure of various Kenyan wildlife species with three zoonotic pathogens, including Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Results from this study revealed widespread, but varied exposure levels to the three individual pathogens within the several wildlife species. Likewise, the study also found the presence of co-exposure with the three pathogens. The findings from this study points to the need for establishment of surveillance and control programmes that target multiple pathogens in the wildlife populations to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious pathogens in wildlife and their zoonotic transmission.
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Sotolongo-Rodríguez D, Gomez-Flores R, Navarro-Soto MC, Arellano-Reynoso B, Tamez-Guerra P, Ramírez-Pfeiffer C. Evaluation of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay for the Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Goat Milk. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060303. [PMID: 35737355 PMCID: PMC9229069 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk ring test is a detection assay for antibodies against Brucella in bovine milk. It has good sensitivity but tends to give false positive results. In this study, we standardized the application of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for the detection of antibodies against B.melitensis in goat milk. We obtained negative serum and milk samples from healthy goat flocks in the northern zone of Nuevo León. Positive milk and negative, weak, and strong controls were obtained by mixing volumes of positive control serum with negative control milk. Milk samples were treated with citric acid, after which an FPA was performed. Results were then compared with the Rose Bengal test and the FPA in serum. Milk treatment allowed the quantification of antibodies in samples. Significant differences were found between the 2%, 4%, and 6% groups, compared with the control group (F3, 67 = 17.45, p < 0.0001) but not between the 2% and 4% groups (p = 0.0718). The cut-off value was 74.1 mP, with a sensitivity (Se) of 95% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%. Se and Sp values in field milk samples were 84% and 74.55%, respectively. Despite the FPA test on milk samples showed lower Se and Sp than the FPA test on serum samples, its cutoff may be adjusted. It may be recommended as a screening test in goat milk and become useful for the control and eradication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianelys Sotolongo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (D.S.-R.); (P.T.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (D.S.-R.); (P.T.-G.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (C.R.-P.)
| | - Magda Celina Navarro-Soto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Escobedo C.P. 66054, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (D.S.-R.); (P.T.-G.)
| | - Carlos Ramírez-Pfeiffer
- Coordinación de Investigación Institucional, Universidad México Americana del Norte, Ciudad Reynosa C.P. 88640, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (C.R.-P.)
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Selim A, Kandeel S, Alshaya DS, Attia KA, AlKahtani MD, Albohairy FM, Megahed A. A Comparison of logistic regression and classification tree to assess brucellosis associated risk factors in dairy cattle. Prev Vet Med 2022; 203:105664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moreno E, Blasco JM, Moriyón I. Facing the Human and Animal Brucellosis Conundrums: The Forgotten Lessons. Microorganisms 2022; 10:942. [PMID: 35630386 PMCID: PMC9144488 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species. Historically, the disease received over fifty names until it was recognized as a single entity, illustrating its protean manifestations and intricacies, traits that generated conundrums that have remained or re-emerged since they were first described. Here, we examine confusions concerning the clinical picture, serological diagnosis, and incidence of human brucellosis. We also discuss knowledge gaps and prevalent confusions about animal brucellosis, including brucellosis control strategies, the so-called confirmatory tests, and assumptions about the primary-binding assays and DNA detection methods. We describe how doubtfully characterized vaccines have failed to control brucellosis and emphasize how the requisites of controlled safety and protection experiments are generally overlooked. Finally, we briefly discuss the experience demonstrating that S19 remains the best cattle vaccine, while RB51 fails to validate its claimed properties (protection, differentiating infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), and safety), offering a strong argument against its current widespread use. These conundrums show that knowledge dealing with brucellosis is lost, and previous experience is overlooked or misinterpreted, as illustrated in a significant number of misguided meta-analyses. In a global context of intensifying livestock breeding, such recurrent oversights threaten to increase the impact of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Moreno
- Tropical Disease Research Program, National University, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica;
| | | | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Institute for Tropical Health and Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Navarra and IdISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Lukambagire AS, Shirima GM, Shayo DD, Mathew C, Yapi RB, Kasanga CJ, Mmbaga BT, Kazwala RR, Halliday JEB. Brucellosis testing patterns at health facilities in Arusha region, northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265612. [PMID: 35320293 PMCID: PMC8942238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is listed as one of six priority zoonoses in Tanzania's One Health strategic plan which highlights gaps in data needed for the surveillance and estimation of human brucellosis burdens. This study collected data on current testing practices and test results for human brucellosis in Arusha region, northern Tanzania. METHODS Retrospective data were extracted from records at 24 health facilities in Arusha region for the period January 2012 to May 2018. Data were captured on: the test reagents used for brucellosis, procurement and testing protocols, the monthly number of patients tested for brucellosis and the monthly number testing positive. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate relationships between health facility characteristics and the probability that brucellosis testing was conducted in a given month, and the proportion of individuals testing positive. RESULTS Four febrile Brucella agglutination tests were used widely. The probability of testing for brucellosis in a given month was significantly associated with an interaction between year of testing and facility ownership. Test probability increased over time with more pronounced increases in privately owned as compared to government facilities. The proportion of individuals testing positive for brucellosis was significantly associated with facility type and district, with individuals tested in hospitals in Meru, Monduli and Ngorongoro districts more likely to test positive. CONCLUSIONS Febrile Brucella agglutination tests, known for their poor performance, were the mainstay of brucellosis testing at health facilities in northern Tanzania. The study indicates that historical data on human brucellosis in Arusha and other regions are likely to provide an inaccurate measure of true disease burden due to poor performance of the tests used and variation in testing practices. Measures to address these identified shortcomings could greatly improve quality of testing and surveillance data on brucellosis and ultimately inform prevention and control of this priority disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulHamid Settenda Lukambagire
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College-Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Damas Davis Shayo
- Regional Health Management Team, Arusha Regional Medical Office, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Coletha Mathew
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Richard B. Yapi
- Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Christopher Julius Kasanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Blandina Theophile Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College-Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rudovick Reuben Kazwala
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jo E. B. Halliday
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Sarangi LN, Surendra KSNL, Rana SK, Thodangala N, Prasad A, Muthappa PN, Sharma GK. Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes in different epidemiological scenarios. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 195:106449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lotfi Z, Pourmahdi Borujeni M, Ghorbanpoor M, Ghadrdan Mashhadi AR. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in Arabian horses. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1056-1064. [PMID: 35122678 PMCID: PMC9122437 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, mainly occurs in horses by Brucella abortus, Brucella canis and Brucella suis. The disease in equines is often asymptomatic, but the clinical signs in horses are mostly characterized by bursitis, arthritis and tenosynovitis. Objectives This study, thus, aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in the Arabian horses of Khuzestan province, South‐west Iran. Methods To that end, the blood samples randomly collected from 180 Arabian horses were analyzed for the presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), 2‐mercaptoethanol test (2‐ME) and a commercial i‐ELISA kit. Results The ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut‐off point for S/P values in i‐ELISA turned out to be 26.25%. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis based on parallel interpretation of the test results was 12.22% (Positive/Tested = 22/180). The prevalence of acute and chronic brucellosis was 8.3 and 3.9%, respectively. The seroprevalence of brucellosis with RBPT and i‐ELISA methods was 1.11% (2/180) and 7.22% (13/180), respectively. According to what SAT revealed, 9.44% (17/180) of sera had a titer of 40 or greater, and at 2‐ME, 7.22% of samples (13 out of 180 samples) depicted a titer of 40. The results of i‐ELISA, SAT and 2‐ME were significantly different from those of RBPT (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between i‐ELISA, SAT and 2‐ME in findings (p > 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study recommend that i‐ELISA be used for screening purposes of brucellosis in horses. The findings confirmed that Arabian horses are natural hosts for the Brucellae. It is, thus, necessary to adopt appropriate prevention and control programs by health authorities and horse owners so as to reduce the distribution and transmission of the infection in the regions where brucellosis is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Lotfi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pourmahdi Borujeni
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbanpoor
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Ghadrdan Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rodrigues Dos Santos Souza M, Martins Soares Filho P, Arrais Hodon M, Gomes de Souza P, Osório Silva CH. Evaluation of diagnostic tests' sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in bovine carcasses showing brucellosis suggestive lesions, condemned by Brazilian Federal Meat Inspection Service in the Amazon Region of Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2022; 200:105567. [PMID: 35016132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cervical bursitis is a suggestive lesion of bovine brucellosis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of two brucellosis serological tests, Rose Bengal (RB) and serum agglutination test with 2-mercaptoethanol (SAT/2-ME), and of isolation and identification (bacteriology) were evaluated through Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA). A total of 165 paired serum and cervical bursitis samples detected at inspection by Brazilian federal meat inspection services were analyzed. The best model fit to the data occurred when accounting for the conditional dependence between serological tests. According to this model, RB and SAT/2-ME had almost the same sensitivity, 0.960 [0.903 - 0.992] and 0.963 [0.906 - 0.994] with 95 % Credible Interval (95 %CrI), respectively. Specificities were 0.9068 [0.562 - 0.997] and 0.875 [0.546 - 0.990] for RB and SAT/2-ME, respectively, also with 95 %CrI. Bacteriology had lower sensitivity than serological tests, 0.594 (95 %CrI: [0.525 - 0.794]) and the highest specificity of all evaluated tests, 0.992 (95 %CrI: [0.961-1.00]). Prevalence of infected animals was 0.829 (95 %CrI: [0.700-0.900]). BLCA showed that both RB and SAT/2-ME fitted to the purpose of initial screening the brucellosis suspect in carcasses with cervical bursitis in a reliable way. The results of RB or SAT/2-ME can guide the sanitary actions for brucellosis control and help the implementation of a risk-based surveillance system in the meat production chain. This strategy is especially true in remote areas with large beef cattle herds, raised extensively, where in vivo tests are rarely performed due to logistic and management constraints, as in the Northern region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Martins Soares Filho
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA) - MG / Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (Federal Animal and Plant Health Protection Laboratory (LFDA) - MG / Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply), Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/nº., CEP 33600-000, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mikael Arrais Hodon
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA) - MG / Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (Federal Animal and Plant Health Protection Laboratory (LFDA) - MG / Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply), Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/nº., CEP 33600-000, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes de Souza
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA) - MG / Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (Federal Animal and Plant Health Protection Laboratory (LFDA) - MG / Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply), Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/nº., CEP 33600-000, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Henrique Osório Silva
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - DET/UFV, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Blasco JM, Moreno E, Moriyón I. Efficacy of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1670-1673. [PMID: 34964556 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Blasco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) e Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Moreno
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - I Moriyón
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Spain
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Chacón-Díaz C, Zabalza-Baranguá A, San Román B, Blasco JM, Iriarte M, Salas-Alfaro D, Hernández-Mora G, Barquero-Calvo E, Guzmán-Verri C, Chaves-Olarte E, Grilló MJ, Moreno E. Brucella abortus S19 GFP-tagged vaccine allows the serological identification of vaccinated cattle. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260288. [PMID: 34807952 PMCID: PMC8608319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis induces abortion in cows, produces important economic losses, and causes a widely distributed zoonosis. Its eradication was achieved in several countries after sustained vaccination with the live attenuated Brucella abortus S19 vaccine, in combination with the slaughtering of serologically positive animals. S19 induces antibodies against the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), making difficult the differentiation of infected from vaccinated bovines. We developed an S19 strain constitutively expressing the green fluorescent protein (S19-GFP) coded in chromosome II. The S19-GFP displays similar biological characteristics and immunogenic and protective efficacies in mice to the parental S19 strain. S19-GFP can be distinguished from S19 and B. abortus field strains by fluorescence and multiplex PCR. Twenty-five heifers were vaccinated withS19-GFP (5×109 CFU) by the subcutaneous or conjunctival routes and some boosted with GFP seven weeks thereafter. Immunized animals were followed up for over three years and tested for anti-S-LPS antibodies by both the Rose Bengal test and a competitive ELISA. Anti-GFP antibodies were detected by an indirect ELISA and Western blotting. In most cases, anti-S-LPS antibodies preceded for several weeks those against GFP. The anti-GFP antibody response was higher in the GFP boosted than in the non-boosted animals. In all cases, the anti-GFP antibodies persisted longer, or at least as long, as those against S-LPS. The drawbacks and potential advantages of using the S19-GFP vaccine for identifying vaccinated animals in infected environments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Zabalza-Baranguá
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Beatriz San Román
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - José-María Blasco
- Unidad de Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Gobierno de Aragón, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Iriarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Dariana Salas-Alfaro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Mora
- Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Lagunilla, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Lagunilla, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Lagunilla, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Esteban Chaves-Olarte
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María-Jesús Grilló
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Lagunilla, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Yin D, Bai Q, Wu X, Li H, Shao J, Sun M, Zhang J. A Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein-Based p-ELISA Method for Diagnosing Bovine and Goat Brucellosis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708008. [PMID: 34568475 PMCID: PMC8455990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of brucellosis has increased annually, causing tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry in a lot of countries. Therefore, developing rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques is critical to control the spread of brucellosis. In this study, bioinformatics technology was used to predict the B cell epitopes of the main outer membrane proteins of Brucella, and the diagnostic efficacy of each epitope was verified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Then, a fusion protein containing 22 verified epitopes was prokaryotically expressed and used as an antigen in paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) for serodiagnosis of brucellosis. The multi-epitope-based p-ELISA was evaluated using a collection of brucellosis-positive and -negative sera collected from bovine and goat, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of detection-ELISA in diagnosing goat brucellosis were 98.85 and 98.51%. The positive and the negative predictive values were 99.29 and 98.15%, respectively. In diagnosing bovine brucellosis, the sensitivity and specificity of this method were 97.85 and 96.61%, with the positive and negative predictive values being identified as 98.28 and 97.33%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the B cell epitopes contained in major antigenic proteins of Brucella can be a very useful antigen source in developing a highly sensitive and specific method for serodiagnosis of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Yin
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiongqiong Bai
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Infection Control, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihong Shao
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Bodenham RF, Mazeri S, Cleaveland S, Crump JA, Fasina FO, de Glanville WA, Haydon DT, Kazwala RR, Kibona TJ, Maro VP, Maze MJ, Mmbaga BT, Mtui-Malamsha NJ, Shirima GM, Swai ES, Thomas KM, Bronsvoort BMD, Halliday JEB. Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009630. [PMID: 34428205 PMCID: PMC8384210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and control activities. METHODS AND FINDINGS Bayesian latent class analysis was used to evaluate performance of the Rose Bengal plate test (RBT) and a competitive ELISA (cELISA) in detecting Brucella spp. exposure at the individual animal-level for cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. Median posterior estimates of RBT sensitivity were: 0.779 (95% Bayesian credibility interval (BCI): 0.570-0.894), 0.893 (0.636-0.989), and 0.807 (0.575-0.966), and for cELISA were: 0.623 (0.443-0.790), 0.409 (0.241-0.644), and 0.561 (0.376-0.713), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Sensitivity BCIs were wide, with the widest for cELISA in sheep. RBT and cELISA median posterior estimates of specificity were high across species models: RBT ranged between 0.989 (0.980-0.998) and 0.995 (0.985-0.999), and cELISA between 0.984 (0.974-0.995) and 0.996 (0.988-1). Each species model generated seroprevalence estimates for two livestock subpopulations, pastoralist and non-pastoralist. Pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were: 0.063 (0.045-0.090), 0.033 (0.018-0.049), and 0.051 (0.034-0.076), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Non-pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were below 0.01 for all species models. Series and parallel diagnostic approaches were evaluated. Parallel outperformed a series approach. Median posterior estimates for parallel testing were ≥0.920 (0.760-0.986) for sensitivity and ≥0.973 (0.955-0.992) for specificity, for all species models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Brucella spp. surveillance in Tanzania using RBT and cELISA in parallel at the animal-level would give high test performance. There is a need to evaluate strategies for implementing parallel testing at the herd- and flock-level. Our findings can assist in generating robust Brucella spp. exposure estimates for livestock in Tanzania and wider sub-Saharan Africa. The adoption of locally evaluated robust diagnostic tests in setting-specific surveillance is an important step towards brucellosis prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F. Bodenham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Stella Mazeri
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) group, The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Crump
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - William A. de Glanville
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tito J. Kibona
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Venance P. Maro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael J. Maze
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Niwael J. Mtui-Malamsha
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gabriel M. Shirima
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Emanuel S. Swai
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Kate M. Thomas
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barend M. deC. Bronsvoort
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) group, The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jo E. B. Halliday
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Shi F, Tang Y, Xu ZH, Sun YX, Ma MZ, Chen CF. Visual typing detection of brucellosis with a lateral flow immunoassay based on coloured latex microspheres. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:199-208. [PMID: 34319629 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Treatment and preventive control strategies for Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) and Brucella abortus (B. abortus) infection differ. A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the rapid typing and detection of brucellosis by using polychromatic dye-doped latex microspheres (LMs) as a labelling material was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS This LFIA utilizes a double-antigen sandwich method in which the BP26 protein is used as the diagnostic antigen to detect brucellosis infection and the OMP31 protein is used as the identified antigen to distinguish between bovine and sheep brucellosis. Thus, people and animals infected with brucellosis can be diagnosed according to the different colours of the signals displayed on the detection lines. The results indicated that the accuracy of this assay was found to reach 98%, and the immunochromatographic test strip is highly accurate, shows good sensitivity and can facilitate typing diagnosis, among other features. CONCLUSIONS The established LFIA can distinguish B. melitensis infection from B. abortus infection and produces results in a short period of time while retaining the advantages of LFIAs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This technology lays a foundation for the development of multi-disease test strips and the establishment of methods for rapid, multi-specimen quantitative detection and is thus of great importance for the development of medical diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Xu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xiao Sun
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ze Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chuang-Fu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061744. [PMID: 34208005 PMCID: PMC8230616 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our study estimated the seroprevalence of brucellosis in bovine herds and identified the important risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease at livestock farms. A total of 220 sera from 46 bovine herds of district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan, was collected and subjected to brucellosis screening by serology. It resulted in 58.7% herd-based and 22.7% individual animal-based seroprevalence. Age, herd size and previous history of abortion came out as associated risk factors. Strict biosecurity, personal protection, quarantine measures and routine screening are recommended at livestock-holdings/farms, whereas disease awareness and pasteurization of milk are recommended for the general population to prevent zoonosis. Abstract Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion and infertility. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in district Gujranwala of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 220 bovine sera (112 from buffaloes, 108 from cattle) from 46 unvaccinated herds were collected. Parallel testing by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) showed a 58.7% (27/46) herd-level and 22.7% (50/220) animal-level seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher (p < 0.001, OR = 7.62) in adult animals (37.2%) compared to younger animals (4.9%). A herd size of >10 animals (p = 0.021, OR = 7.83), less housing space (p = 0.037, OR = 6.39) and history of abortion at the farm (p = 0.023, OR = 5.6) were found as risk factors associated with the seropositivity of brucellosis. There was a substantial agreement between the RBPT and I-ELISA results (Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) = 64.16, percent agreement = 89.5%). In conclusion, a relatively higher seroprevalence was found compared to the previous reports from the country. Standardization and validation of the advanced diagnostic tests would be needed. Biosecurity, personal protection, quarantine measures and routine screening of animals at the farm level and disease awareness programs and consumption of pasteurized milk in the human population will be helpful in preventing the transmission/zoonosis of the disease.
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Khurana SK, Sehrawat A, Tiwari R, Prasad M, Gulati B, Shabbir MZ, Chhabra R, Karthik K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Gupta VK, Dhama K, Sah R, Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:61-88. [PMID: 33353489 PMCID: PMC7833053 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Sehrawat
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Gulati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar, India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Revisiting Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Western Border Areas in Pakistan. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110929. [PMID: 33182549 PMCID: PMC7697571 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, globally known bacterial zoonosis, is endemic to Pakistan. B. abortus in bovines, B. melitensis in small ruminants and B. canis in dogs mainly cause this disease. A total of 1821 sera (1196 from sheep and 625 from goats) from animal herds near the Pakistan–Afghanistan border were collected. In parallel testing of sera for anti-Brucella antibodies (B. abortus and B. melitensis) was carried out by RBPT and indirect ELISA. The presence of Brucella DNA in sera was tested by real-time PCR. The overall percentage of seropositive samples was 0.99 (18/1821) by both tests. All positive samples originated from Baluchistan territory which translated into 1.76% (18/1021). None of the positive sera had signals for Brucella DNA and none of sera from goats carried detectable antibodies. Both tests showed an almost perfect agreement with Kappa statistics. The flock size was found to be associated with the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. The samples of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) tested negative in both serological tests and hence were not processed for real-time PCR. The present study shows the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies in sheep in the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. Diagnostic services need to be improved and test and slaughter policies might be implemented for eradication of Brucella infection in these areas. Awareness about the infection is needed at the farmer’s level. Isolation and molecular biology of the isolates could help with understanding the prevailing etiology in a better way.
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Ngamkala S, Angkawanish T, Nokkaew W, Thongtip N. Serological study on brucellosis in captive elephants ( Elephas maximus) and stray dogs in North Thailand. Vet World 2020; 13:1992-1997. [PMID: 33132616 PMCID: PMC7566264 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1992-1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Brucellosis is considered as an important zoonotic disease caused by various strains of Brucella in numerous host species. Although brucellosis has been reported in almost animal species, the relevance of brucellosis infection and diagnostic technique in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) has been limited. The present serological investigation aimed to investigate the antibody response to Brucella abortus in captive Asian elephants in North Thailand. Moreover, further serological survey was also conducted to detect the antibody response to Brucella canis in stray dogs cohabiting the same area as the elephant herd. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 40 captive Asian elephants and submitted for serological analysis based on B. abortus antigen using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-tube agglutination test (EDTA-TAT) as a supplementary test and by commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). In addition, serum samples were also obtained from 16 stray dogs that live nearby the elephant-raising area and were tested using commercial Dot-ELISA based on B. canis antigen. Results: Serological analysis in captive Asian elephants showed 100% seronegative (40/40) from all serological tests response to B. abortus. For stray dogs, 12.5% (2/16) had a low positive reaction response to B. canis. Conclusion: The serological survey for brucellosis in Asian elephant was adapted and applied using RBPT, EDTA-TAT, and iELISA in the present study. For future evaluation, we recommended the use of a combination of serological tests with validation together with comparing by direct detection such as bacterial isolation to provide an appropriate brucellosis surveillance program in Asian elephants. In addition, the surveillance of stray dogs or multispecies habitation should be kept into considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanit Ngamkala
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Taweepoke Angkawanish
- The National Elephant Institute, The Forest Industry Organization, Lampang 52190, Thailand
| | - Weerapun Nokkaew
- Clinic for Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Nikorn Thongtip
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Serological and Molecular Investigation of Brucellosis in Breeding Equids in Pakistani Punjab. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090673. [PMID: 32825067 PMCID: PMC7560188 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. Equines are susceptible to the infection when in close contact with infected animals. The objective of our study was to update the existing knowledge and detect and differentiate the causative agent of brucellosis in breeding equines in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and etiology of the infection in the equine population in three districts. A total of 448 equine sera were collected from three prefectures viz. Sahiwal, Khanewal, and Okara of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Ninety-six (21.4%) samples were found positive by RBPT, 3.56% (16/448) by iELISA, and 4.24% (19/448) by CFT. Real-time PCR demonstrated the presence of Brucella abortus-DNA in sero-positive samples. Age and location were found as risk factors. The study concludes equine brucellosis seroprevalence in the country where Brucella abortus as the main etiology. Fistulous withers and poll evil cases should be treated with care as they could be hazardous and a source of zoonotic transmission. Routine screening at an early age, vaccination in ruminants, and consumption of pasteurized dairy milk in humans is recommended for prevention of the infection. Specific tests need to be standardized and validated.
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Aragón-Aranda B, de Miguel MJ, Lázaro-Antón L, Salvador-Bescós M, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Moriyón I, Iriarte M, Muñoz PM, Conde-Álvarez R. Development of attenuated live vaccine candidates against swine brucellosis in a non-zoonotic B. suis biovar 2 background. Vet Res 2020; 51:92. [PMID: 32703299 PMCID: PMC7376850 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that cause brucellosis. B. abortus and B. melitensis infect domestic ruminants while B. suis (biovars 1-3) infect swine, and all these bacteria but B. suis biovar 2 are zoonotic. Live attenuated B. abortus S19 and B. melitensis Rev1 are effective vaccines in domestic ruminants, though both can infect humans. However, there is no swine brucellosis vaccine. Here, we investigated the potential use as vaccines of B. suis biovar 2 rough (R) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants totally lacking O-chain (Bs2ΔwbkF) or only producing internal O-chain precursors (Bs2Δwzm) and mutants with a smooth (S) LPS defective in the core lateral branch (Bs2ΔwadB and Bs2ΔwadD). We also investigated mutants in the pyruvate phosphate dikinase (Bs2ΔppdK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Bs2ΔpckA) genes encoding enzymes bridging phosphoenolpyruvate and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When tested in the OIE mouse model at the recommended R or S vaccine doses (108 and 105 CFU, respectively), CFU/spleen of all LPS mutants were reduced with respect to the wild type and decreased faster for the R than for the S mutants. At those doses, protection against B. suis was similar for Bs2ΔwbkF, Bs2Δwzm, Bs2ΔwadB and the Rev1 control (105 CFU). As described before for B. abortus, B. suis biovar 2 carried a disabled pckA so that a double mutant Bs2ΔppdKΔpckA had the same metabolic phenotype as Bs2ΔppdK and ppdK mutation was enough to generate attenuation. At 105 CFU, Bs2ΔppdK also conferred the same protection as Rev1. As compared to other B. suis vaccine candidates described before, the mutants described here simultaneously carry irreversible deletions easy to identify as vaccine markers, lack antibiotic-resistance markers and were obtained in a non-zoonotic background. Since R vaccines should not elicit antibodies to the S-LPS and wzm mutants carry immunogenic O-chain precursors and did not improve Bs2ΔwbkF, the latter seems a better R vaccine candidate than Bs2Δwzm. However, taking into account that all R vaccines interfere in ELISA and other widely used assays, whether Bs2ΔwbkF is advantageous over Bs2ΔwadB or Bs2ΔppdK requires experiments in the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Aragón-Aranda
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Jesús de Miguel
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leticia Lázaro-Antón
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Salvador-Bescós
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Iriarte
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar M Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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31
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Wang Y, Robertson ID, Cheng S, Wang Y, Hou L, Wang G, Wu X, Li X, Chen Y, Guo A. Evaluation of a milk ELISA as an alternative to a serum ELISA in the determination of the prevalence and incidence of brucellosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province, China. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:105086. [PMID: 32673936 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare a milk I-ELISA with a serum ELISA for the diagnosis of brucellosis in dairy cattle and then to use the milk I-ELISA to determine the prevalence and incidence of brucellosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province, China. The two tests were shown to have good agreement with a Cohen's kappa statistic of 0.747 (p < 0.001) when 147 animals originating from 4 dairy herds in the province were tested. The results of Bayesian Latent Class Analysis estimated that the sensitivity and specificity of the milk I-ELISA under field conditions were 87.2 % and 92.0 %, respectively. An epidemiological survey based on the milk I-ELISA was then conducted in 3091 cows from 15 commercial dairy herds from January to July 2018 in Hubei Province. The animal level real prevalence varied from 34.9 % (95 % CI: 28.5, 41.8) to 51.4 % (95 % CI: 48.2, 54.6) in the 15 herds tested. Most farms (93.3 %) tested contained at least one test-positive animal. As only ten farms met the inclusion criteria for the calculation of incidence risk, the overall real incidence risk in 10 of these farms was 0.4 % (95 % CI: 0.1, 1.2) per 3 months, which highlights the potential for spread of the disease within infected herds. It is concluded that the milk I-ELISA test could be used as a rapid screening test for brucellosis in unvaccinated dairy cows and, given the high occurrence of bovine brucellosis in this study, an effective prevention and control program needs to be developed and implemented in Hubei Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China
| | - Ian D Robertson
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, 6150 Australia.
| | - Shuang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China
| | - Liyue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Hubei Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xijuan Wu
- Hubei Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, 430070 Hubei Province, China.
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Yang X, He Z, Zhang G, Lu J, Zhang H, Ren H, Tian Y, Yang H, Chen C, Li L, Fu Y, Allain JP, Li C, Wang W. Evaluation of Reactivity of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Omp25 of Brucella spp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:145. [PMID: 32373546 PMCID: PMC7187720 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a serious zoonosis occurring mainly in developing countries, and its diagnosis is largely dependent on serologic detection and bacterial culture. In this study, we developed the murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a conserved and major outer membrane protein 25 (Omp25) of Brucella species (B. spp.) for use in clinical diagnosis. The mAbs to Omp25 were produced by hybridoma technique, which were utilized for developing various immunoassays for detection of Brucellae, including Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochemical staining (ICS), immunofluorescence staining (IFS), and flow cytometry assay (FCM). A number of five mAbs (2B10, 4A12, 4F10, 6C12, and 8F3) specific to Omp25 were selected, including 2 IgG1, 2 IgG2a, and 1 IgG2b. Among them, mAbs 6C12, 8F3, and 4A12 reacted highly with B. melitensis (M5-90), B. abortus (S19, 104M, and 2308), and B. suis strain (S2). No cross-reactivity with Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli was found. By mapping Omp25 epitopes, mAb 6C12 was found as reacting with a semi-conformational epitope, and mAbs 4A12 and 8F3 as recognizing a different linear epitope, respectively. The paired mAbs were tested for detecting Brucella species, suggesting that 8F3 was suitable for solid phase capture and 6C12 or 4A12 was suitable for conjugation with HRP for detection of Brucella Omp25 in ELISA. The FCM was established by mAb 6C12 for detecting intracellular Brucellae-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from brucellosis patients. In conclusion, mAbs against Omp25 are precious reagents for detection of Brucellae in clinical samples with various immunoassays. mAb 6C12-based FCM could be potentially used for the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy for brucellosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuoping He
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Animal Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- School of Animal Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Allain
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Emeritus Professor of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Fero E, Juma A, Koni A, Boci J, Kirandjiski T, Connor R, Wareth G, Koleci X. The seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella species circulating in the beef cattle herds in Albania. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229741. [PMID: 32134953 PMCID: PMC7058276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a ubiquitous zoonotic disease globally. It is endemic among bovines, sheep, and goats in Albania. The national control and eradication programs for brucellosis has been applied on sheep and goat farms as well as large dairy cattle farms, i.e., those with more than ten milking cows. The current study aims at estimating the herd and average individual animal prevalence of brucellosis in the national beef cattle herds, the missing information that was essential to propose the most appropriate control measures for this sub-population. Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used as serological tests and classical bacteriology for isolation. Results were also used to investigate the difference in sensitivity between the assays used. Methodology In total, 655 animals from 38 beef cattle herds from six southern districts of Albania were sampled. Sera were tested using RBT, FPA, and ELISA. Fifteen positive cows and a bull from eight high-prevalence positive herds were slaughtered, and particular tissue samples were collected for bacteriology. Results The overall herd seroprevalence in the tested beef cattle population was 55%, while the overall average within-herd prevalence (including only positive herds) was 38.3%, 42.7%, and 45.6% determined by the RBT, ELISA, and FPA, respectively. FPA was used for the first time in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Albania, and its sensitivity was higher than RBT and ELISA. Three B. abortus strains were identified, two from the supra-mammary lymph node of two cows and one from the epididymis of a seropositive bull. Conclusion Brucellosis was highly prevalent in beef cattle in the southern part of Albania, and B. abortus was isolated from this subpopulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first statistically based survey of bovine brucellosis in beef herds in Albania. Using the FPA in parallel with other serological tests improved overall diagnostic sensitivity. Test and slaughter policy is not a rational approach for the control of brucellosis in beef cattle in Albania, and vaccination is only applicable, including strict control of the movement of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi Fero
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Arla Juma
- Animal Health Laboratory, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | - Anita Koni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jonida Boci
- Animal Health Laboratory, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Robert Connor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
- Animal Health Expert, ISUV, Tirana, Albania
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
- * E-mail:
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Tian M, Song M, Yin Y, Lian Z, Li Z, Hu H, Guan X, Cai Y, Ding C, Wang S, Li T, Qi J, Yu S. Characterization of the main immunogenic proteins in Brucella infection for their application in diagnosis of brucellosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101462. [PMID: 32143107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic bacterial disease widespread in the world. The key step of control this disease is accurate diagnosis and elimination of diseased animals. The classic diagnostic methods, such as tube agglutination test, are inaccurate and nonspecific, because of cross-reaction with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9. Previously, several proteins were reported as Brucella main immunogens. In this study, we used animal infection model to evaluate antibody production against OMP16, BP26, BLS, BCSP31, VirB12, SodC and GroEL proteins and investigated their application in diagnosis of brucellosis. The results showed that the BP26 and BLS are two best immunogenic proteins. In further study, we detected 44 clinical bovine sera using western blot, showing that the BP26 and BLS reacted with 30 Brucella-positive sera, but false-positive results were also shown in 14 Brucella-free sera. In an indirect ELISA assay, compared to lipopolysaccharide-based ELISA, the conformance of the BP26-based ELISA was 92.68 % in Brucella-positive sera, but only 52.94 % in Brucella-free sera. The BLS-based ELISA can hardly differentiate positive sera from negative sera. Besides, truncated fragments of the BP26 protein cannot exclude false-positive results in detection of Brucella-free sera. Altogether, although Brucella main immunogenic proteins have good reaction with Brucella-positive sera, false-positive reaction with Brucella-free sera may lead to misdiagnosis of brucellosis, suggesting that it should be more careful to use these immunogenic proteins as antigen targets to diagnosis of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengmin Lian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zichen Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiang Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Jamil T, Melzer F, Saqib M, Shahzad A, Khan Kasi K, Hammad Hussain M, Rashid I, Tahir U, Khan I, Haleem Tayyab M, Ullah S, Mohsin M, Mansoor MK, Schwarz S, Neubauer H. Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1412. [PMID: 32098207 PMCID: PMC7068318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis remains a persistent infection in ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 828 (409 buffaloes and 419 cattle) sera were collected from 11 institutional-owned livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were tested by rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The seroprevalence along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Univariable and multivariable analysis of the epidemiological background data was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated to understand any association between the risk factors and the seroprevalence. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (Positive/Tested = 32/828) and 3.3% (27/828) was detected by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. The seroprevalence of 5.6% (CI 3.6-8.3) and 4.7%, (CI 2.8-7.2) and the odds ratio of 2.63 (CI 1.20-5.77) and 2.50 (CI 1.08-5.78) for testing positive by RBPT and iELISA, respectively were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in buffaloes than in cattle. Breed, sex, history of abortion and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in the animals were not found statistically significantly associated with the infection. RBPT and iELISA based results agreed almost perfect (k = 0.877). In total, Brucella abortus-DNA (9/27) was amplified from seropositive samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study identified for the first time the etiological agents of brucellosis at a molecular level at institutional-owned livestock farms in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Jamil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Asim Shahzad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Khushal Khan Kasi
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Baluchistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Imaad Rashid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Usman Tahir
- Livestock and Dairy Development, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54100, Pakistan;
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, sub-campus Jhang, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
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Trotta A, Marinaro M, Cirilli M, Sposato A, Adone R, Beverelli M, Buonavoglia D, Corrente M. Brucella melitensis B115-based ELISA to unravel false positive serologic reactions in bovine brucellosis: a field study. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:50. [PMID: 32046738 PMCID: PMC7011277 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a zoonosis whose incidence is not declining worldwide despite the global effort to control the disease. Accurate and precise diagnosis is a crucial step in any prophylaxis program but single tests to unequivocally detect animals infected with Brucella spp. are currently unavailable. In Italy, serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis is performed with two official tests: a rapid agglutination test (i.e., Rose Bengal Plate test, RBPT) and a complement fixation test (CFT) that detect antibodies directed mainly to the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS). Neither of the two tests is able to avoid the detection of false positive serological reactions (FPSRs) caused by bacteria sharing S-LPS components with Brucella spp. and responsible for the single reactors (SR) phenomenon. A B. melitensis R strain-based ELISA showed a good diagnostic performance in unravelling FP animals; however, since a limited number of animals were analyzed in that study, a large field study was conducted here to discriminate between Brucella-infected from FP animals, with the final aim of reducing the unnecessary slaughter of the latter. An ELISA based on a R strain of Brucella, i.e., Brucella melitensis B115, was employed to measure specific IgG responses in a collection of bovine sera (n = 648). Sera were obtained from 180 farms (either officially brucellosis-free or not brucellosis-free) recruited during an extended period of time (2014–2018) and were preliminarily assayed with the official tests by the Italian Reference Centers and then subjected to the ELISA. Results Negative sera, when subjected to the ELISA, gave O.D. values below the cutoff; SR sera, i.e. RBPT positive and CFT negative, as well as double positive (DP) sera, i.e. RBPT and CFT positive, gave O.D. values that were below the cutoff. All positive sera, i.e. from Brucella-infected animals, were RBPT positive and CFT positive (ICFTU ranging from 20 to 1280) and gave ELISA O.D. values above the cutoff. Conclusions The B. melitensis B115-based ELISA systematically unravelled all false positive (FP) sera while confirming the diagnosis in Brucella-infected animals. Thus, the test employed in the present study may complement the official assays to avoid the costly slaughter of FP animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Marinaro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Adone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Beverelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata (IZSPB), Sezione di Putignano, Contrada San Pietro Piturno, 70017, Putignano, BA, Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Kalleshamurthy T, Skariah S, Rathore Y, Ramanjinappa KD, Nagaraj C, Shome BR, Rahman H, Barman NN, Shome R. Comparative evaluation of fluorescence polarization assay and competitive ELISA for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis vis-a-vis sero-monitoring. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 170:105858. [PMID: 32014437 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that constitutes a serious public health hazard which is caused by a bacterium belonging to the genus Brucella. In the present study, two highly specific serological tests for brucellosis diagnosis, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) and competitive ELISA (cELISA) were standardized in the laboratory, evaluated and compared with rose bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect ELISA (iELISA) and commercial cELISA kit. For test evaluation, 1386 serum samples [apparently healthy animals (n = 260), samples from Brucella infected farms (n = 701) and B. abortus S19 vaccinated animals (n = 425)] were analyzed to assess suitable diagnostic test in B. abortus S19 post vaccinated bovine population. In apparently healthy brucellosis free farms, RBPT, iELISA, in-house FPA and cELISA were found to be highly specific than commercial cELISA. Commercial cELISA kit was comparatively more sensitive than other serological tests in samples collected from infected farms. The FPA showed sensitivity nearly equal to RBPT and in-house cELISA showed greater sensitivity than RBPT in infected farms. In animals with persistent vaccinal antibodies, only in-house FPA and cELISA recorded higher specificity of 87.64 and 90.27%, respectively. The other tests, RBPT and iELISA displayed similar reactivity with vaccine antibodies to that of infection antibodies whereas commercial cELISA kit showed an intermediate specificity of 47.69%. With these findings, RBPT, iELISA and cELISA are suggested for screening infected herds, and in-house developed FPA and cELISA tests with a proven specificity can be used for confirmatory diagnosis of brucellosis in B. abortus S19 post vaccinated animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India; Jain University, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jayanagar, Bengaluru 560041; India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Yashaswini Rathore
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Kavana D Ramanjinappa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Chaitra Nagaraj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Block-C, First Floor, NASC Complex, CG Centre, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
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Barbuddhe SB, Vergis J, Rawool DB. Immunodetection of bacteria causing brucellosis. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gusi AM, Bertu WJ, Jesús de Miguel M, Dieste-Pérez L, Smits HL, Ocholi RA, Blasco JM, Moriyón I, Muñoz PM. Comparative performance of lateral flow immunochromatography, iELISA and Rose Bengal tests for the diagnosis of cattle, sheep, goat and swine brucellosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007509. [PMID: 31216271 PMCID: PMC6602290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a world-wide extended zoonosis that causes a grave problem in developing economies. Animal vaccination and diagnosis are essential to control brucellosis, and the need for accurate but also simple and low-cost tests that can be implemented in low-infrastructure laboratories has been emphasized. METHODOLOGY We evaluated bovine, sheep, goat and swine lateral flow immunochromatography assay kits (LFA), the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and a well-validated protein G indirect ELISA (iELISA) using sera of Brucella culture-positive and unvaccinated brucellosis free livestock. Sera from cattle vaccinated with S19 and RB51 brucellosis vaccines were also tested. Finally, we compared RBT and LFA using sera of white Fulani cattle of unknown bacteriological status from a brucellosis endemic area of Nigeria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although differences were not statistically significant, RBT showed the highest values for diagnostic sensitivity/specificity in cattle (LFA, 96.6/98.8; RBT, 98.9/100; and iELISA, 96.6/100) and the iELISA yielded highest values in sheep (LFA, 94.0/100; RBT, 92.0/100; iELISA, 100/100), goats (LFA, 95.7/96.2; RBT, 97.8/100; iELISA, 100/100) and pigs (LFA, 92.3/100; RBT, 92.3/100; iELISA, 100/100). Vaccine S19 administered subcutaneously interfered in all tests but conjunctival application minimized the problem. Although designed not to interfere in serodiagnosis, vaccine RB51 interfered in LFA and iELISA but not in the RBT. We found closely similar apparent prevalence results when testing the Nigerian Fulani cattle by RBT and LFA. Although both RBT and LFA (showing similar diagnostic performance) are suitable for small laboratories in resource-limited areas, RBT has the advantage that a single reagent is useful in all animal species. Considering these advantages, its low cost and that it is also useful for human brucellosis diagnosis, RBT might be a good choice for resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amahyel M. Gusi
- Brucellosis Research Unit, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Wilson J. Bertu
- Brucellosis Research Unit, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - M. Jesús de Miguel
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Dieste-Pérez
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Henk L. Smits
- KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute / Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reuben A. Ocholi
- Brucellosis Research Unit, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - José M. Blasco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Bayramoglu G, Ozalp VC, Oztekin M, Arica MY. Rapid and label-free detection of Brucella melitensis in milk and milk products using an aptasensor. Talanta 2019; 200:263-271. [PMID: 31036183 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) aptasensor is designed for the diagnosis of Brucella melitensis bacteria, which affects the Mediterranean fever (brucellosis) from the zoonotic diseases that are very common in the Middle East Countries. The method is based on the selection of B. melitensis bacterium from solutions using B. melitensis specific binding aptamer (Apt) attached magnetic nanoparticles. The surface of the magnetic nanoparticles (i.e.,Fe3O4) was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then grafted with a hydrophilic macromonomer poly(ethyleneglycol)-methacrylate (PEG-MA) as a first block polymer and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) as a second block functional polymer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method [Fe3O4 @SiO2 @p(PEG-MA-GMA)], then, the specific binding aptamer was immobilized. The aptamer immobilized magnetic nanoparticles were used for the pre-concentration of the target bacterium, and the same aptamer sequence was also immobilized on the QCM chip and used for the quantitative detection of B. melitensis using QCM aptasensor. The detection limits of the QCM aptasensor were in the range 1.02-1.07 CFU mL-1, with recoveries up to 79%. The synthesized [Fe3O4 @SiO2 @p(PEGMA-GMA)] nanoparticles showed a good permanence and high isolation recoveries for the pull down of the target bacterium from food samples, after recycling eight times. The method was successfully applied to target bacterium determinations in milk and milk product samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Bayramoglu
- Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - V Cengiz Ozalp
- Kit-ARGEM R&D center and the Department of Bioengineering, Konya Food & Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey
| | - Merve Oztekin
- Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Yakup Arica
- Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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Yamazoe H. Antibody immobilization technique using protein film for high stability and orientation control of the immobilized antibody. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:209-214. [PMID: 30948054 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibody immobilization techniques is essential for creating antibody-based biomaterials. Although numerous methods for antibody immobilization have been demonstrated, low stability and disordered orientation of the immobilized antibody remain an important problem. In this work, an original antibody immobilization technique using a protein film, which achieved a high stability and orientation control of the immobilized antibody, has been described. In this method, an antibody-immobilized albumin film was prepared by adding the cross-linked albumin solution to the substrate, where antibodies were attached in uniform orientation, followed by subsequent drying, and detaching the formed film from the substrate by heating at 120 °C in a dry state. Antibodies in the film showed high antigen-binding capacity, at a level comparable to the oriented immobilized antibody using protein G. The stability of antibodies in the film was found to be significantly high; their antigen-binding capacity was completely retained even after storage at 40 °C in a dry state for one month. Thus, this approach provides useful information to immobilize the antibody on solid surfaces while controlling its orientation and increasing its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yamazoe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
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Characterization of circulating miRNA signature in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during Brucella abortus infection and evaluation as potential biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis in vaginal fluid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1945. [PMID: 30760784 PMCID: PMC6374377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria from the Brucella genus that can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Brucellosis also causes financial losses in animal production. Ruminants are highly susceptible to brucellosis, and the causative agent water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) is Brucella abortus. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are cropping up as promising biomarkers for several infectious diseases. The goals of this study were to characterize the serum miRNA signature associated with brucellosis in water buffaloes and investigate the miRNAs’ potential use as biomarkers in vaginal fluids. Next Generation Sequencing was used to assess miRNA expression profiles in Brucella-positive and Brucella-negative blood sera; dysregulated miRNAs in blood serum and vaginal fluids were validated using RT-qPCR. ROC curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNAs for Brucella. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were exploited to investigate the biological functions of dysregulated miRNAs. The results showed that 20 miRNAs were modulated, of which, 12 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated. These findings were corroborated by RT-qPCR, and ROC curves indicated that the miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for Brucella. GO and KEGG pathway analyses pointed out that some of these miRNAs are related to immune response and apoptosis. These results provided an overview of miRNA expression profiles and highlighted potential biomarkers for Brucella infection in water buffaloes. We also demonstrated the potential of vaginal fluids in studies involving microRNA detection. Further functional and mechanistic studies of these miRNAs may improve our understanding of the biological processes involved in Brucella infection and host immune response.
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Tabasi M, Eybpoosh S, Bouzari S. Development of an indirect ELISA based on whole cell Brucella abortus S99 lysates for detection of IgM anti-Brucella antibodies in human serum. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:87-93. [PMID: 30961823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the diagnostic performance of an indirect-ELISA (I-ELISA) method based on whole cell Brucella abortus S99 lysates for detection of IgM anti-Brucella antibodies in a human serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in two species-rich endemic areas of Iran (Tehran and Lorestan provinces). Serum samples of 102 patients and 150 healthy individuals were tested by the new kit and the commercial Vircell kit for the presence of anti-Brucella IgM antibodies. The disease status was confirmed by Wright agglutination test. The difference in the mean optical densities (OD) recorded by the new and the Vircell kits for patients and healthy individuals were tested using Two-tailed Student t-test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the new kit were informed using Receiver operating curve analysis. The results were used to guide the choice of cutoff. Agreements in ODs recorded by the new and the Vircell kit was visually inspected using Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS The new I-ELISA showed excellent diagnostic performance (sensitivity and PPV = 95.7%, specificity and NPV = 97.8%) for the diagnosis of brucellosis. The cut-off area for the antibody index (AI) was determined to be 8-10, where AIs less than 8 and greater than 10 were considered Brucella-negative and -positive, respectively. AIs of 8-10 show equivocal results, requiring re-testing. The Vircell kit showed low (36.8%) sensitivity and perfect (100%) specificity on the same samples. The Bland-Altman plot showed low agreement between both tests in recording the OD values for the same individuals. CONCLUSION The new I-ELISA based on whole cell Brucella abortus S99 showed a good performance for the detection of Brucella spp. Lack of agreement between the new and the Vircell kit suggest that the performance of ELISA kits might be dependent on the geographical area under study. Hence, validation of the new and the Vircell kits is recommended prior to their implementation in other geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, Iran; Legal Medicine Research Centre, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; National Reference laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, Iran.
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Kalleshamurthy T, Yaranna C, Shekar R, Natesan K, Sahay S, Shome BR, Rahman H, Barbuddhe SB, Barman NN, Das SK, Shome R. Fluorescence polarization assay: Diagnostic evaluation for porcine brucellosis. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 156:46-51. [PMID: 30521866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis in pigs, caused by the bacterium Brucella suis, is an important zoonotic infection. In the present study, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) was standardized and compared with indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and competitive ELISA (cELISA) for diagnosis of porcine brucellosis. Test performances were evaluated using representative panel (n = 100), samples from swine brucellosis outbreak (n = 300), samples from brucellosis suspected animals (n = 291) and sera samples from apparently healthy animals (n = 1121). With panel samples, the FPA cut-off ≥11ΔmP was arrived with sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of 95.00 and 98.75%, respectively. Testing of samples from swine brucellosis outbreak, the diagnostic Se and Sp of 100 and 95.14% by iELISA, 73.91 and 100% by cELISA and 86.96 and 100% by FPA, respectively were recorded. Similarly, in case of swine brucellosis suspected samples, relative performance of FPA with cELISA had revealed higher kappa value of 0.864 with an accuracy of 93.47. Indirect ELISA was found to be highly sensitive but showed cross reactivity mainly for Yersinia enterocolitica O9 antibodies than cELISA and FPA. The high specificity of FPA test recorded in various types of samples in the study indicated that, FPA could serve as confirmatory test for individual animal diagnosis, outbreak confirmation, surveillance and quarantine of swine brucellosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India; Jain University, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jaya Nagar, Bengaluru- 560041, India
| | - Chaithra Yaranna
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ranjitha Shekar
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, NASC Complex, CG Centre, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, India
| | - Sailendra Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India.
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Kalleshamurthy T, Shekar R, Niranjanamurthy HH, Natesan K, Shome BR, Bambal RG, Sairiwal L, Barbuddhe SB, Sahare A, Kilari S, Rahman H, Shome R. Assessment of fluorescence polarization assay: a candid diagnostic tool inBrucella abortusstrain 19 vaccinated areas. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:694-701. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
- Centre for Post Graduate Studies; Jain University; Jaya Nagar, 3 block Bengaluru 560041 India
| | - Ranjitha Shekar
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Harish Heballi Niranjanamurthy
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
| | | | - Lipi Sairiwal
- Department of Animal Husbandry; Dairying and Fisheries; Krishi Bhavan New Delhi 110001 India
| | | | - Amol Sahare
- Intervet India; MSD Animal Health; Briahnagar, Off Pune-Nagar Road Wagholi 412207 Pune India
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Intervet India; MSD Animal Health; Briahnagar, Off Pune-Nagar Road Wagholi 412207 Pune India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute; NASC Complex, CG Centre, Pusa New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics; Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064 India
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Yahyaoui Azami H, Ducrotoy MJ, Bouslikhane M, Hattendorf J, Thrusfield M, Conde- Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Muñoz Álvaro PM, Mick V, Bryssinckx W, Welburn SC, Zinsstag J. The prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in ruminants in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203360. [PMID: 30226847 PMCID: PMC6143194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and brucellosis are major endemic zoonoses in ruminants in Morocco that impact on both animal and human health. This study presents an assessment of the epidemiological and socioeconomic burden of bacterial zoonoses in Sidi Kacem Province in Northern Morocco from a cross-sectional survey of 125 cattle and/or small ruminant-owning households. In total, 1082 sheep and goats were examined from 81 households. The single intradermal comparative cervical test to screen for bovine tuberculosis was undertaken on 1194 cattle from 123 households and all cattle were blood sampled. Cattle and small ruminant sera were tested for brucellosis using the standard Rose Bengal Test (sRBT) and the modified Rose Bengal Test (mRBT). Bacteriology was performed on 21 milk samples obtained from cattle that were seropositive for brucellosis for isolation and phenotyping of circulating Brucella strains. Individual and herd prevalence for BTB in cattle of 20.4% (95% CI 18%-23%) and 57.7% (95% CI 48%-66%), respectively, were observed in this study. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at individual and herd level was 1.9% (95% CI 1.2%-2.8%) and 9% (95% CI 4.5%-1.5%), respectively. Brucella pathogens were isolated from three cattle milk samples and were identified as B. abortus using Bruceladder® multiplex PCR and B. abortus biovar 1 by classical phenotyping. All small ruminants were seronegative to sRBT, two were positive to mRBT. A higher risk of BTB and brucellosis was observed in cattle in intensive livestock systems, in imported and crossed breeds and in animals from larger herds (>15). The three risk factors were usually present in the same herds, leading to higher transmission risk and persistence of both zoonoses. These results highlight the importance of implementing control strategies for both BTB and brucellosis to reduce productivity losses and the risk of transmission to humans. Prioritising control for BTB and brucellosis in intensive livestock production systems is essential for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Yahyaoui Azami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie J. Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Thrusfield
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Conde- Álvarez
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- IDISNA - Instituto de Salud Tropical y Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Muñoz Álvaro
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón– IA2 - (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Virginie Mick
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Sue C. Welburn
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3020065. [PMID: 30274461 PMCID: PMC6073575 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and lifetime sterility. There has been a momentous increase over the recent years in intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, followed by reduced milk yield and high temperature in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not clear and often misleading with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a serious threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.
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48
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Martínez-Gómez E, Ståhle J, Gil-Ramírez Y, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Zaccheus M, Moriyón I, Iriarte M, Widmalm G, Conde-Álvarez R. Genomic Insertion of a Heterologous Acetyltransferase Generates a New Lipopolysaccharide Antigenic Structure in Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1092. [PMID: 29887851 PMCID: PMC5981137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. In Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, the major species infecting domestic ruminants, the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) is a virulence factor. This S-LPS carries a N-formyl-perosamine homopolymer O-polysaccharide that is the major antigen in serodiagnostic tests and is required for virulence. We report that the Brucella O-PS can be structurally and antigenically modified using wbdR, the acetyl-transferase gene involved in N-acetyl-perosamine synthesis in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Brucella constructs carrying plasmidic wbdR expressed a modified O-polysaccharide but were unstable, a problem circumvented by inserting wbdR into a neutral site of chromosome II. As compared to wild-type bacteria, both kinds of wbdR constructs expressed shorter O-polysaccharides and NMR analyses showed that they contained both N-formyl and N-acetyl-perosamine. Moreover, deletion of the Brucella formyltransferase gene wbkC in wbdR constructs generated bacteria producing only N-acetyl-perosamine homopolymers, proving that wbdR can replace for wbkC. Absorption experiments with immune sera revealed that the wbdR constructs triggered antibodies to new immunogenic epitope(s) and the use of monoclonal antibodies proved that B. abortus and B. melitensis wbdR constructs respectively lacked the A or M epitopes, and the absence of the C epitope in both backgrounds. The wbdR constructs showed resistance to polycations similar to that of the wild-type strains but displayed increased sensitivity to normal serum similar to that of a per R mutant. In mice, the wbdR constructs produced chronic infections and triggered antibody responses that can be differentiated from those evoked by the wild-type strain in S-LPS ELISAs. These results open the possibilities of developing brucellosis vaccines that are both antigenically tagged and lack the diagnostic epitopes of virulent field strains, thereby solving the diagnostic interference created by current vaccines against Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonas Ståhle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Gil-Ramírez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mona Zaccheus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Iriarte
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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