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Suparmaniam U, Lam MK, Lim JW, Tan IS, Chin BLF, Shuit SH, Lim S, Pang YL, Kiew PL. Abiotic stress as a dynamic strategy for enhancing high value phytochemicals in microalgae: Critical insights, challenges and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108280. [PMID: 37944570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae showcase an extraordinary capacity for synthesizing high-value phytochemicals (HVPCs), offering substantial potential for diverse applications across various industries. Emerging research suggests that subjecting microalgae to abiotic stress during cultivation and the harvesting stages can further enhance the accumulation of valuable metabolites within their cells, including carotenoids, antioxidants, and vitamins. This study delves into the pivotal impacts of manipulating abiotic stress on microalgae yields, with a particular focus on biomass and selected HVPCs that have received limited attention in the existing literature. Moreover, approaches to utilising abiotic stress to increase HVPCs production while minimising adverse effects on biomass productivity were discussed. The present study also encompasses a techno-economic assessment (TEA) aimed at pinpointing significant bottlenecks in the conversion of microalgae biomass into high-value products and evaluating the desirability of various conversion pathways. The TEA methodology serves as a valuable tool for both researchers and practitioners in the quest to identify sustainable strategies for transforming microalgae biomass into high-value products and goods. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the pivotal role of abiotic stress in microalgae cultivation, promising insights that could lead to more efficient and sustainable approaches for HVPCs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uganeeswary Suparmaniam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hoong Shuit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Steven Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yean Ling Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peck Loo Kiew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia - Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chowdhary AK, Kishi M, Toda T. A novel process for the production of Chromochloris zofingiensis through dark-induced multi-nuclei formation. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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3
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Chen Q, Chen Y, Hu Q, Han D. Metabolomic analysis reveals astaxanthin biosynthesis in heterotrophic microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128811. [PMID: 36863528 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of gibberellic acid-3, high carbon/nitrogen ratio and salinity concentration can effectively enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis in Chromochloris zofingiensis under the heterotrophic conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remained yet to be investigated. The metabolomics analysis revealed that enhancement of the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathways (PPP), and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle led to astaxanthin accumulation under the induction conditions. The increased fatty acids can significantly increase astaxanthin esterification. The addition of appropriate concentrations of glycine (Gly) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) promoted astaxanthin biosynthesis in C. zofingiensis, as well as benefiting for biomass yield. With the addition of 0.5 mM GABA, the astaxanthin yield increased to 0.35 g·L-1, which was 1.97-fold higher than that of the control. This study advanced understanding about astaxanthin biosynthesis in heterotrophic microalga, and provided novel strategies for enhanced astaxanthin production in C. zofingiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Chen CY, Lu JC, Chang YH, Chen JH, Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Optimizing heterotrophic production of Chlorella sorokiniana SU-9 proteins potentially used as a sustainable protein substitute in aquafeed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128538. [PMID: 36581231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alternative protein sources for the reduction/replacement of fish meal in aqua-feeds are in urgent demand. Microalgae are considered sustainable protein sources for aquaculture due to their high-quality proteins with a complete profile of essential amino acids. This study examined the heterotrophic production of proteins from Chlorella sorokiniana SU-9. Culture parameters for maximal biomass and protein production are as follows: glucose - 10 g/L glucose, sodium nitrate - 1.5 g/L, and iron - 46 μM iron in BG-11 medium. Under optimal conditions, biomass content, protein content and protein productivity of SU-9 reached 4.14 ± 0.20 g/L, 403 ± 33 mg/g and 382 ± 36 mg/L/d, respectively. The protein profile of Chlorella sorokiniana SU-9 is comparable to fishmeal and soybean meal. The essential amino acids arginine, lysine and cysteine, along with glutamine and glutamate, were high. The production cost of SU-9 can be significantly reduced under heterotrophic cultivation conditions, making it a potential protein substitute in aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ci Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Heng Chen
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Wang T, Zhang T, Winter LR, Di J, Tu Q, Hu H, Hertwich E, Zimmerman JB, Elimelech M. Microalgae Commercialization Using Renewable Lignocellulose Is Economically and Environmentally Viable. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1144-1156. [PMID: 36599031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional phototrophic cultivation for microalgae production suffers from low and unstable biomass productivity due to limited and unreliable light transmission outdoors. Alternatively, the use of a renewable lignocellulose-derived carbon source, cellulosic hydrolysate, offers a cost-effective and sustainable pathway to cultivate microalgae heterotrophically with high algal growth rate and terminal density. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of cellulosic hydrolysate-mediated heterotrophic cultivation (Cel-HC) for microalgae production by performing economic and environmental comparisons with phototrophic cultivation through techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment. We estimate a minimum selling price (MSP) of 4722 USD/t for producing high-purity microalgae through Cel-HC considering annual biomass productivity of 300 t (dry weight), which is competitive with the conventional phototrophic raceway pond system. Revenues from the lignocellulose-derived co-products, xylose and fulvic acid fertilizer, could further reduce the MSP to 2976 USD/t, highlighting the advantages of simultaneously producing high-value products and biofuels in an integrated biorefinery scheme. Further, Cel-HC exhibits lower environmental impacts, such as cumulative energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions, than phototrophic systems, revealing its potential to reduce the carbon intensity of algae-derived commodities. Our results demonstrate the economic and environmental competitiveness of heterotrophic microalgae production based on renewable bio-feedstock of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Wang
- Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
- Suzhou Polynovo Biotech Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215129, China
| | - Lea R Winter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jinghan Di
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qingshi Tu
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hongying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Edgar Hertwich
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7495 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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6
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Co-production of lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene by utilization of a mutant of the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Corrêa PS, de M. Júnior WG, Caetano NS. Antioxidant potential of extracts of Chromochloris zofingiensis cultivated in pilot-scale outdoor tubular photobioreactors under nitrogen limitation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wood EE, Ross ME, Jubeau S, Montalescot V, Stanley MS. Progress towards a targeted biorefinery of Chromochloris zofingiensis: a review. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:8127-8152. [PMID: 38510795 PMCID: PMC10948469 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biorefinery approaches offer the potential to improve the economics of the microalgae industry by producing multiple products from a single source of biomass. Chromochloris zofingiensis shows great promise for biorefinery due to high biomass productivity and a diverse range of products including secondary carotenoids, predominantly astaxanthin; lipids such as TAGs; carbohydrates including starch; and proteins and essential amino acids. Whilst this species has been demonstrated to accumulate multiple products, the development of an integrated downstream process to obtain these is lacking. The objective of this review paper is to assess the research that has taken place and to identify the steps that must be taken to establish a biorefinery approach for C. zofingiensis. In particular, the reasons why C. zofingiensis is a promising species to target for biorefinery are discussed in terms of cellular structure, potential products, and means to accumulate desirable components via the alteration of culture conditions. Future advances and the challenges that lie ahead for successful biorefinery of this species are also reviewed along with potential solutions to address them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02955-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor E. Wood
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
- Xanthella Ltd, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunstaffnage, Argyll, Oban PA37 1SZ Scotland, UK
| | - Michael E. Ross
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
| | - Sébastien Jubeau
- Xanthella Ltd, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunstaffnage, Argyll, Oban PA37 1SZ Scotland, UK
| | | | - Michele S. Stanley
- University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI); Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
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9
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Enhanced growth of Chromochloris zofingiensis through the transition of nutritional modes. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Ren Y, Deng J, Lin Y, Huang J, Chen F. Developing a Chromochloris zofingiensis Mutant for Enhanced Production of Lutein under CO2 Aeration. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030194. [PMID: 35323493 PMCID: PMC8950978 DOI: 10.3390/md20030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are competitive and commercial sources for health-benefit carotenoids. In this study, a Chromochloris zofingiensis mutant (Cz-pkg), which does not shut off its photosystem and stays green upon glucose treatment, was generated and characterized. Cz-pkg was developed by treating the algal cells with a chemical mutagen as N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and followed by a color-based colony screening approach. Cz-pkg was found to contain a dysfunctional cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). By cultivated with CO2 aeration under mixotrophy, the mutant accumulated lutein up to 31.93 ± 1.91 mg L−1 with a productivity of 10.57 ± 0.73 mg L−1 day−1, which were about 2.5- and 8.5-fold of its mother strain. Besides, the lutein content of Cz-pkg could reach 7.73 ± 0.52 mg g−1 of dry weight, which is much higher than that of marigold flower, the most common commercial source of lutein. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in the mutant Cz-pkg, most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of lutein and chlorophylls were not down-regulated upon glucose addition, suggesting that PKG may regulate the metabolisms of photosynthetic pigments. This study demonstrated that Cz-pkg could serve as a promising strain for both lutein production and glucose sensing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ren
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinquan Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (F.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (F.C.)
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Chen Q, Chen Y, Xu Q, Jin H, Hu Q, Han D. Effective Two-Stage Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Unicellular Green Microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis Enabled Ultrahigh Biomass and Astaxanthin Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:834230. [PMID: 35284408 PMCID: PMC8907917 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.834230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromochloris zofingiensis has obtained particular interest as a promising candidate for natural astaxanthin production. In this study, we established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process, by using which both the growth of C. zofingiensis and astaxanthin accumulation are substantially enhanced. Specifically, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 221.3 g L−1 was achieved under the optimum culture conditions in 7.5 L fermenter during 12 days. When scaled-up in the 500 L fermentor, the biomass yield reached 182.3 g L−1 in 9 days, while the astaxanthin content was 0.068% of DW. To further promote astaxanthin accumulation, gibberellic Acid-3 (GA3) was screened from a variety of phytohormones and was combined with increased C/N ratio and NaCl concentration for induction. When C. zofingiensis was grown with the two-stage cultivation strategy, the astaxanthin yield reached 0.318 g L−1, of which the biomass yield was 235.4 g L−1 and astaxanthin content was 0.144% of DW. The content of the total fatty acids increased from 23 to 42% of DW simultaneously. Such an astaxanthin yield was 5.4-fold higher than the reported highest record and surpassed the level of Haematococcus pluvialis. This study demonstrated that heterotrophic cultivation of C. zofingiensis is competitive for industrial astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Danxiang Han,
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12
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Composition, cultivation and potential applications of Chlorella zofingiensis – A comprehensive review. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Jin H, Chuai W, Li K, Hou G, Wu M, Chen J, Wang H, Jia J, Han D, Hu Q. Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4138-4151. [PMID: 34264522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella has achieved commercial success, but the application of Chlorella biomass is still limited due to the high cost of biomass production. In this study, an effective and industrially scalable heterotrphic cultivation technology has been developed for a production strain Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1. Under the optimized culturing conditions, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 271 and 247 g L-1 was achieved in 7.5 L bench-scale and 1000 L pilot-scale fermenters, respectively. Technoeconomic (TE) analysis indicated that the production cost of C. sorokiniana GT-1 could be reduced to $1601.27 per ton of biomass if the biomass concentration reached 200 g L-1 , which is 24.2% lower than that of the reported highest Chlorella biomass production through fermentation with the same TE model. Under the same growth conditions, the maximum biomass concentration of a low-starch mutant SLM2 was reduced to 93 g L-1 , which was 54% lower than that of the wild type, indicating the capabilities of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells in accumulating large amounts of starch are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-cell-density under the heterotrophic conditions. In addition, the ultrahigh-cell-density growth potential of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells was inferred to be related to the intrinsic biological characteristics including the tolerance to low dissolved oxygen and a moderate doubling time under the heterotrophic conditions as well. The breakthrough in cultivation technology is promising for Chlorella industry and would expand its applications in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Chuai
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingcan Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Ye Y, Bai F, Liu J. The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:119. [PMID: 33992124 PMCID: PMC8126118 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The algal lipids-based biodiesel, albeit having advantages over plant oils, still remains high in the production cost. Co-production of value-added products with lipids has the potential to add benefits and is thus believed to be a promising strategy to improve the production economics of algal biodiesel. Chromochloris zofingiensis, a unicellular green alga, has been considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production because of its robust growth and ability of accumulating high levels of triacylglycerol under multiple trophic conditions. This alga is also able to synthesize high-value keto-carotenoids and has been cited as a candidate producer of astaxanthin, the strongest antioxidant found in nature. The concurrent accumulation of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin enables C. zofingiensis an ideal cell factory for integrated production of the two compounds and has potential to improve algae-based production economics. Furthermore, with the advent of chromosome-level whole genome sequence and genetic tools, C. zofingiensis becomes an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the production of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin by C. zofingiensis. We also update our understanding in the distinctive molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis, with an emphasis on triacylglycerol and astaxanthin biosynthesis and crosstalk between the two pathways. Furthermore, strategies for trait improvements are discussed regarding triacylglycerol and astaxanthin synthesis in C. zofingiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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15
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de Souza DS, Valadão RC, de Souza ERP, Barbosa MIMJ, de Mendonça HV. Enhanced Arthrospira platensis Biomass Production Combined with Anaerobic Cattle Wastewater Bioremediation. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2021; 15:412-425. [PMID: 33680280 PMCID: PMC7914118 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-021-10258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microalgae biomasses offer important benefits regarding macromolecules that serve as promising raw materials for sustainable production. In the present study, the microalgae Arthrospira platensis DHR 20 was cultivated in horizontal photobioreactors (HPBR), with and without temperature control, in batch mode (6 to 7 days), with anaerobically digested cattle wastewater (ACWW) as substrate. High dry biomass concentrations were observed (6.3-7.15 g L-1). Volumetric protein, carbohydrate, and lipid productivities were 0.299, 0.135, and 0.108 g L-1 day-1, respectively. Promising lipid productivities per area were estimated between 22.257 and 39.446 L ha-1 year-1. High CO2 bio-fixation rates were recorded (875.6-1051 mg L-1 day-1), indicating the relevant potential of the studied microalgae to mitigate atmospheric pollution. Carbon concentrations in biomass ranged between 41.8 and 43.6%. ACWW bioremediation was satisfactory, with BOD5 and COD removal efficiencies of 72.2-82.6% and 63.3-73.6%. Maximum values of 100, 95.5, 92.4, 80, 98, and 94% were achieved concerning the removal of NH4 +, NO3 -, Pt, SO4 2-, Zn, and Cu, respectively. Total and thermotolerant coliform removals reached 99-99.7% and 99.7-99.9%. This microalgae-mediated process is, thus, promising for ACWW bioremediation and valuation, producing a microalgae biomass rich in macromolecules that can be used to obtain friendly bio-based products and bioenergy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12155-021-10258-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Salvador de Souza
- Institute of Technology/Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Romulo Cardoso Valadão
- Institute of Technology/Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Edlene Ribeiro Prudêncio de Souza
- Institute of Technology/Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Maria Ivone Martins Jacintho Barbosa
- Institute of Technology/Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Henrique Vieira de Mendonça
- Institute of Technology/Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Campus, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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16
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Lin Y, Huang J. Characterization of an algal phosphomannose isomerase gene and its application as a selectable marker for genetic manipulation of tomato. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:63-70. [PMID: 33778226 PMCID: PMC7987571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a transgenic plant largely relies on a selectable marker gene that can confer antibiotic or herbicide resistance to plant cells. The existence of such selectable marker genes in genetically modified foods has long been criticized. Plant cells generally exhibit too low an activity of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) to grow with mannose as a sole carbon source. In this study, we characterized PMI from the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. and assessed its feasibility as a selectable marker for plant biotechnology. Chlorococcum sp. PMI (ChlPMI) was shown to be closely related to higher plants but more distant to bacterial counterparts. Overexpression of ChlPMI in tomato induced callus and shoot formation in media containing mannose (6 g/L) and had an average transformation rate of 3.9%. Based on this transformation system, a polycistronic gene cluster containing crtB, HpBHY, CrBKT and SlLCYB (BBBB) was co-expressed in a different tomato cultivar. Six putative transformants were achieved with a transformation rate of 1.4%, which produced significant amounts of astaxanthin due to the expression of the BBBB genes. Taken together, these findings indicate that we have established an additional tool for plant biotechnology that may be suitable for genetically modifying foods safely.
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Key Words
- Algae
- Astaxanthin
- BHY, β-carotene hydroxylase
- BKT, β-carotene ketolase
- Chl, Chlorococcum sp
- LCYB, Lycopene β-cyclase
- MS, Murashige and Skoog
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PMI, phosphomannose isomerase
- PSY, phytoene synthase
- Phosphomannose isomerase
- RACE, Rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- Tomato
- Transformation
- UPLC, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Patel AK, Singhania RR, Sim SJ, Dong CD. Recent advancements in mixotrophic bioprocessing for production of high value microalgal products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124421. [PMID: 33246239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, microalgal biomass has become an attractive and sustainable feedstock for renewable production of various biochemicals and biofuels. However, attaining required productivity remains a key challenge to develop industrial applications. Fortunately, mixotrophic cultivation strategy (MCS) is leading to higher productivity due to the metabolic ability of some microalgal strain to utilise both photosynthesis and organic carbon compared to phototrophic or heterotrophic processes. The potential of MCS is being explored by researchers for maximized biochemicals and biofuels production however it requires further development yet to reach commercialization stage. In this review, recent developments in the MCS bioprocess for selective value-added (carotenoids) products have been reviewed; synergistic mechanism of carbon and energy was conferred. Moreover, the metabolic regulation of microalgae under MCS for utilized carbon forms and carbon recycling was demonstrated; Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of large-scale MCS have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India.
| | | | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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18
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Wan X, Zhou XR, Moncalian G, Su L, Chen WC, Zhu HZ, Chen D, Gong YM, Huang FH, Deng QC. Reprogramming microorganisms for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin via metabolic engineering. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101083. [PMID: 33373616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for astaxanthin in food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications because of its superior anti-oxidative and coloring properties. However, naturally produced astaxanthin is expensive, mainly due to low productivity and limited sources. Reprogramming of microorganisms for astaxanthin production via metabolic engineering is a promising strategy. We primarily focus on the application of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering in enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin in microorganisms in this review. We also discuss the biosynthetic pathways of astaxanthin within natural producers, and summarize the achievements and challenges in reprogramming microorganisms for enhancing astaxanthin production. This review illuminates recent biotechnological advances in microbial production of astaxanthin. Future perspectives on utilization of new technologies for boosting microbial astaxanthin production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | | | - Gabriel Moncalian
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Qian-Chun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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19
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Azaman SNA, Satharasinghe DA, Tan SW, Nagao N, Yusoff FM, Yeap SK. Identification and Analysis of microRNAs in Chlorella sorokiniana Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101131. [PMID: 32992970 PMCID: PMC7599482 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a popular microalga with robust physiological and biochemical characteristics, which can be cultured under various conditions. The exploration of the small RNA content of Chlorella could improve strategies for the enhancement of metabolite production from this microalga. In this study, stress was introduced to the Chlorella sorokiniana culture to produce high-value metabolites such as carotenoids and phenolic content. The small RNA transcriptome of C. sorokiniana was sequenced, focusing on microRNA (miRNA) content. From the analysis, 98 miRNAs were identified in cultures subjected to normal and stress conditions. The functional analysis result showed that the miRNA targets found were most often involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, followed by protein metabolism, cell cycle, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, terpenoids, and lipids was found mostly in stress conditions. These results may help to improve our understanding of regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in the biological and metabolic process of Chlorella species. It is important and timely to determine the true potential of this microalga species and to support the potential for genetic engineering of microalgae as they receive increasing focus for their development as an alternative source of biofuel, food, and health supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Ani Azaman
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules (VacBio), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norio Nagao
- 102 Naname-go, Shinkamigoto-cho, Minami Matsuura-gun, Nagasaki 857-4214, Japan;
| | - Fatimah M. Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, 43900 Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Haske-Cornelius O, Vu T, Schmiedhofer C, Vielnascher R, Dielacher M, Sachs V, Grasmug M, Kromus S, Guebitz G. Cultivation of heterotrophic algae on enzymatically hydrolyzed municipal food waste. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Kou Y, Liu M, Sun P, Dong Z, Liu J. High light boosts salinity stress-induced biosynthesis of astaxanthin and lipids in the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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23
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A symbiotic yeast to enhance heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using sucrose as the carbon source. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2243-2252. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Jin H, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Li K, Hou G, Xu Q, Chuai W, Zhang C, Han D, Hu Q. Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus and application of the cells to photoautotrophic culture enhance biomass and lipid production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:96-108. [PMID: 31612991 PMCID: PMC6916281 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although production of biodiesels from microalgae is proved to be technically feasible, a commercially viable system has yet to emerge. High‐cell‐density fermentation of microalgae can be coupled with photoautotrophic cultivation to produce oils. In this study, by optimizing culturing conditions and employing a sophisticated substrate feed control strategy, ultrahigh‐cell‐density of 286 and 283.5 g/L was achieved for the unicellular alga Scenedesmus acuminatus grown in 7.5‐L bench‐scale and 1,000‐L pilot‐scale fermenters, respectively. The outdoor scale‐up experiments indicated that heterotrophically grown S. acuminatus cells are more productive in terms of both biomass and lipid accumulation when they are inoculated in photobioreactors for lipid production as compared to the cells originally grown under photoautotrophic conditions. Technoeconomic analysis based on the pilot‐scale data indicated that the cost of heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for biomass production is comparable with that of the open‐pond system and much lower than that of tubular PBR, if the biomass yield was higher than 200 g/L. This study demonstrated the economic viability of heterotrophic cultivation on large‐scale microalgal inocula production, but ultrahigh‐productivity fermentation is a prerequisite. Moreover, the advantages of the combined heterotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivation of microalgae for biofuels production were also verified in the pilot‐scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Chuai
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, SDIC Biotech Investment Corporation, Beijing, China
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25
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Lappa IK, Papadaki A, Kachrimanidou V, Terpou A, Koulougliotis D, Eriotou E, Kopsahelis N. Cheese Whey Processing: Integrated Biorefinery Concepts and Emerging Food Applications. Foods 2019; 8:E347. [PMID: 31443236 PMCID: PMC6723228 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese whey constitutes one of the most polluting by-products of the food industry, due to its high organic load. Thus, in order to mitigate the environmental concerns, a large number of valorization approaches have been reported; mainly targeting the recovery of whey proteins and whey lactose from cheese whey for further exploitation as renewable resources. Most studies are predominantly focused on the separate implementation, either of whey protein or lactose, to configure processes that will formulate value-added products. Likewise, approaches for cheese whey valorization, so far, do not exploit the full potential of cheese whey, particularly with respect to food applications. Nonetheless, within the concept of integrated biorefinery design and the transition to circular economy, it is imperative to develop consolidated bioprocesses that will foster a holistic exploitation of cheese whey. Therefore, the aim of this article is to elaborate on the recent advances regarding the conversion of whey to high value-added products, focusing on food applications. Moreover, novel integrated biorefining concepts are proposed, to inaugurate the complete exploitation of cheese whey to formulate novel products with diversified end applications. Within the context of circular economy, it is envisaged that high value-added products will be reintroduced in the food supply chain, thereby enhancing sustainability and creating "zero waste" processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliada K Lappa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kachrimanidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | | | - Effimia Eriotou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
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26
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Manipulation of trophic capacities in Haematococcus pluvialis enables low-light mediated growth on glucose and astaxanthin formation in the dark. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Liu J, Sun Z, Mao X, Gerken H, Wang X, Yang W. Multiomics analysis reveals a distinct mechanism of oleaginousness in the emerging model alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:1060-1077. [PMID: 30828893 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromochloris zofingiensis, featured due to its capability to simultaneously synthesize triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin, is emerging as a leading candidate alga for production uses. To better understand the oleaginous mechanism of this alga, we conducted a multiomics analysis by systematically integrating time-resolved transcriptomes, lipidomes and metabolomes in response to nitrogen deprivation. The data analysis unraveled the distinct mechanism of TAG accumulation, which involved coordinated stimulation of multiple biological processes including supply of energy and reductants, carbon reallocation from protein and starch, and 'pushing' and 'pulling' carbon to TAG synthesis. Unlike the model alga Chlamydomonas, de novo fatty acid synthesis in C. zofingiensis was promoted, together with enhanced turnover of both glycolipids and phospholipids, supporting the drastic need of acyls for TAG assembly. Moreover, genomewide analysis identified many key functional enzymes and transcription factors that had engineering potential for TAG modulation. Two genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), the first committed enzyme for TAG assembly, were found in the C. zofingiensis genome; in vivo functional characterization revealed that extrachloroplastic GPAT instead of chloroplastic GPAT played a central role in TAG synthesis. These findings illuminate distinct oleaginousness mechanisms in C. zofingiensis and pave the way towards rational manipulation of this alga to becone an emerging model for trait improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuemei Mao
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Henri Gerken
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University Polytechnic campus, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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28
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Zhang C, Zhang F, Dong S, He Y, Xu X, Peng J, Yuan J. The Discrepancy of Fatty Acid Composition of Astaxanthin Esters and Total Fatty Acids in Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic
Chlorella zofingiensis. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu‐Wen Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Tangjia Town Zhuhai, Guangzhou 519000 China
| | - Feng‐Lin Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Tangjia Town Zhuhai, Guangzhou 519000 China
| | - Shu‐Jun Dong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Tangjia Town Zhuhai, Guangzhou 519000 China
| | - Yong‐Yi He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Tangjia Town Zhuhai, Guangzhou 519000 China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine SciencesSun Yat‐Sen University, Xiaoguwei Island, Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Juan Peng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Tangjia Town Zhuhai, Guangzhou 519000 China
| | - Jian‐Ping Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine SciencesSun Yat‐Sen University, Xiaoguwei Island, Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
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Sun Z, Zhang Y, Sun LP, Liu J. Light Elicits Astaxanthin Biosynthesis and Accumulation in the Fermented Ultrahigh-Density Chlorella zofinginesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5579-5586. [PMID: 31038310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth and astaxanthin production of Chlorella zofingiensis were examined under both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions, and it was found that, in comparison to the photoautotrophic mode, the heterotrophic mode led to high algal densities but attenuated intracellular astaxanthin accumulation. Following the heterotrophy-photoautotrophy transition, a considerable increase in the astaxanthin content was observed, accompanied by the upregulation of key carotenogenic genes, including phytoene synthase (PSY), β-carotenoid hydroxylase (CHYb), β-carotenoid ketolase 1 (BKT1), and β-carotenoid ketolase 2 (BKT2). In contrast, the astaxanthin content and carotenogenic genes underwent an opposite change following the photoautotrophy-heterotrophy transition, suggesting the key role of light in stimulating astaxanthin biosynthesis. To improve the astaxanthin production by C. zofingiensis, a novel heterotrophy-photoinduction culture strategy without dilution was developed and evaluated. The astaxanthin content and productivity reached 2.7 mg g-1 of dry weight and 9.9 mg L-1 day-1, respectively, which were 4.0- and 2.5-fold higher than that obtained under the heterotrophic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Sun D, Zhang Y, Chen F. Glucose triggers cell structure changes and regulates astaxanthin biosynthesis in Chromochloris zofingiensis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Rasouli Z, Parsa M, Ahmadzadeh H. FEATURES OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS CULTIVATED UNDER AUTOTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CONDITIONS. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v12i4.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of Spirulina platensis in Zarrouk media containing 0–20 g l-1 glucose was studied in a photobioreactor for 30 days using a light intensity of 3 klux. Various parameters were measured to evaluate the enhancement of cell performance with glucose such as cell number, osmolarity, membrane stability, biomass productivity, doubling time, stress intensity, stress tolerance, chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrates, and lipid contents. Based on the results, we concluded that S. platensis is able to grow and produce some ingredients in Zarrouk media containing up to 20 g l-1 of glucose which is the first to be reported. The cell concentration of the mixotrophic cultures (80 cells per mm2) corresponded well to the sum of the autotrophic cell concentrations (50 cells per mm2), showing that the addition of carbohydrate positively effects on the microalgae growth. The continuous operation supplemented with 0.5 g l-1 of glucose (G0.5) led to the maximum cell concentration about 9.06 g l-1 wet and 1.32 g l-1 dry weights. The highest tolerance index, specific growth rate, biomass productivity, cell division, osmolarity and membrane stability index were respectively 102.5%, 0.15 d-1, 0.04 g l-1d-1, 0.26 div d-1, 0.87 osmol kg-1 and 93.8%, obtained in the same treatment. Chlorophyll (6.7 % in G0; 0.046 g l-1 in G0.5), protein (79.9 % and 0.884 g l-1 in G0.5), carbohydrates (55.5% in G20; 0.492 g l-1 in G6) and lipid (53.3% in G10; 0.636 g l-1 in G0) percentages and yields were mostly enhanced in the mixotrophic condition. This study indicated that mixotrophic growth of S. platensis is useful for commercial biomass production.
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Cezare-Gomes EA, Mejia-da-Silva LDC, Pérez-Mora LS, Matsudo MC, Ferreira-Camargo LS, Singh AK, de Carvalho JCM. Potential of Microalgae Carotenoids for Industrial Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:602-634. [PMID: 30613862 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation, when compared to the growth of higher plants, presents many advantages such as faster growth, higher biomass productivity, and smaller land area requirement for cultivation. For this reason, microalgae are an alternative platform for carotenoid production when compared to the traditional sources. Currently, commercial microalgae production is not well developed but, fortunately, there are several studies aiming to make the large-scale production feasible by, for example, employing different cultivation systems. This review focuses on the main carotenoids from microalgae, comparing them to the traditional sources, as well as a critical analysis about different microalgae cultivation regimes that are currently available and applicable for carotenoid accumulation. Throughout this review paper, we present relevant information about the main commercial microalgae carotenoid producers; the comparison between carotenoid content from food, vegetables, fruits, and microalgae; and the great importance and impact of these molecule applications, such as in food (nutraceuticals and functional foods), cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, feed (colorants and additives), and healthcare area. Lastly, the different operating systems applied to these photosynthetic cultivations are critically discussed, and conclusions and perspectives are made concerning the best operating system for acquiring high cell densities and, consequently, high carotenoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleane A Cezare-Gomes
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lauris Del Carmen Mejia-da-Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lina S Pérez-Mora
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Matsudo
- Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. Benedito Pereira dos Santos, 1303, Itajubá, MG, 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia S Ferreira-Camargo
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, R. Abolição, s/n° - Vila São Pedro, Santo André, SP, 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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Mao X, Wu T, Kou Y, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Liu J. Characterization of type I and type II diacylglycerol acyltransferases from the emerging model alga Chlorella zofingiensis reveals their functional complementarity and engineering potential. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:28. [PMID: 30792816 PMCID: PMC6371474 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green alga Chlorella zofingiensis has been recognized as an industrially relevant strain because of its robust growth under multiple trophic conditions and the potential for simultaneous production of triacylglycerol (TAG) and the high-value keto-carotenoid astaxanthin. Nevertheless, the mechanism of TAG synthesis remains poorly understood in C. zofingiensis. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is thought to catalyze the committed step of TAG assembly in the Kennedy pathway. C. zofingiensis genome is predicted to possess eleven putative DGAT-encoding genes, the greatest number ever found in green algae, pointing to the complexity of TAG assembly in the alga. RESULTS The transcription start site of C. zofingiensis DGATs was determined by 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and their coding sequences were cloned and verified by sequencing, which identified ten DGAT genes (two type I DGATs designated as CzDGAT1A and CzDGAT1B, and eight type II DGATs designated as CzDGTT1 through CzDGTT8) and revealed that the previous gene models of seven DGATs were incorrect. Function complementation in the TAG-deficient yeast strain confirmed the functionality of most DGATs, with CzDGAT1A and CzDGTT5 having the highest activity. In vitro DGAT assay revealed that CzDGAT1A and CzDGTT5 preferred eukaryotic and prokaryotic diacylglycerols (DAGs), respectively, and had overlapping yet distinctive substrate specificity for acyl-CoAs. Subcellular co-localization experiment in tobacco leaves indicated that both CzDGAT1A and CzDGTT5 were localized at endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Upon nitrogen deprivation, TAG was drastically induced in C. zofingiensis, accompanied by a considerable up-regulation of CzDGAT1A and CzDGTT5. These two genes were probably regulated by the transcription factors (TFs) bZIP3 and MYB1, as suggested by the yeast one-hybrid assay and expression correlation. Moreover, heterologous expression of CzDGAT1A and CzDGTT5 promoted TAG accumulation and TAG yield in different hosts including yeast and oleaginous alga. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents a pioneering work on the characterization of both type I and type II C. zofingiensis DGATs by systematically integrating functional complementation, in vitro enzymatic assay, subcellular localization, yeast one-hybrid assay and overexpression in yeast and oleaginous alga. These results (1) update the gene models of C. zofingiensis DGATs, (2) shed light on the mechanism of oleaginousness in which CzDGAT1A and CzDGTT5, have functional complementarity and probably work in collaboration at ER contributing to the abundance and complexity of TAG, and (3) provide engineering targets for future trait improvement via rational manipulation of this alga as well as other industrially relevant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Mao
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yaping Kou
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Ying Shi
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Bélanger-Lépine F, Tremblay A, Huot Y, Barnabé S. Cultivation of an algae-bacteria consortium in wastewater from an industrial park: Effect of environmental stress and nutrient deficiency on lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:657-665. [PMID: 30059946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of microalgae-sourced products depends on the economic feasibility. In the case of fatty acids, it is crucial to obtain high lipid yield, especially in the form of storage lipids (TAGs). However, the production of these lipids often comes into competition with the microalgae biomass, resulting in a decrease in growth. A microalgae culture integration project was conducted in an industrial park in Canada in order to cultivate microalgae from park's wastewaters and then obtain products from the biomass. Different deficiencies and stresses were tested to evaluate what condition allowed the induction of the highest lipids accumulation without compromising the growth of microalgae. The results showed that the medium controlled to pH 7.0 allowed reaching the largest amount of extracted lipids (28 ± 4.3%). Companies involved in this project could be able to make significant savings by the reduced wastewater treatment costs and by not adding expensive nutrients in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Bélanger-Lépine
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Tremblay
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Yannick Huot
- Canada Research Chair in Earth Observation and Phytoplankton Ecophysiology, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Simon Barnabé
- Department of Environmental Science, Industrial Research Chair in Environment and Biotechnology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
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de Mendonça HV, Ometto JPHB, Otenio MH, Marques IPR, Dos Reis AJD. Microalgae-mediated bioremediation and valorization of cattle wastewater previously digested in a hybrid anaerobic reactor using a photobioreactor: Comparison between batch and continuous operation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1-11. [PMID: 29571041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scenedesmus obliquus (ACOI 204/07) microalgae were cultivated in cattle wastewater in vertical alveolar flat panel photobioreactors, operated in batch and continuous mode, after previous digestion in a hybrid anaerobic reactor. In batch operation, removal efficiencies ranges of 65 to 70% of COD, 98 to 99% of NH4+ and 69 to 77.5% of PO4-3 after 12days were recorded. The corresponding figures for continuous flow were from 57 to 61% of COD, 94 to 96% of NH4+ and 65 to 70% of PO4-3 with mean hidraulic retention time of 12days. Higher rates of CO2 fixation (327-547mgL-1d-1) and higher biomass volumetric productivity (213-358mgL-1d-1) were obtained in batch mode. This microalgae-mediated process can be considered promising for bioremediation and valorization of effluents produced by cattle breeding yielding a protein-rich microalgal biomass that could be eventually used as cattle feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Vieira de Mendonça
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus São Pedro, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto
- Earth System Science Centre, National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Otenio
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabel Paula Ramos Marques
- National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, I.P. (LNEG), Bioenergy Unit, Estrada Paço do Lumiar, 22, Edifício F, R/C, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto José Delgado Dos Reis
- National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, I.P. (LNEG), Bioenergy Unit, Estrada Paço do Lumiar, 22, Edifício F, R/C, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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Enhanced biomass and lipid production for cultivating Chlorella pyrenoidosa in anaerobically digested starch wastewater using various carbon sources and up-scaling culture outdoors. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Raphidocelis subcapitata (=Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) provides an insight into genome evolution and environmental adaptations in the Sphaeropleales. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8058. [PMID: 29795299 PMCID: PMC5966456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sphaeropleales are a dominant group of green algae, which contain species important to freshwater ecosystems and those that have potential applied usages. In particular, Raphidocelis subcapitata is widely used worldwide for bioassays in toxicological risk assessments. However, there are few comparative genome analyses of the Sphaeropleales. To reveal genome evolution in the Sphaeropleales based on well-resolved phylogenetic relationships, nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid genomes were sequenced in this study. The plastid genome provides insights into the phylogenetic relationships of R. subcapitata, which is located in the most basal lineage of the four species in the family Selenastraceae. The mitochondrial genome shows dynamic evolutionary histories with intron expansion in the Selenastraceae. The 51.2 Mbp nuclear genome of R. subcapitata, encoding 13,383 protein-coding genes, is more compact than the genome of its closely related oil-rich species, Monoraphidium neglectum (Selenastraceae), Tetradesmus obliquus (Scenedesmaceae), and Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chromochloridaceae); however, the four species share most of their genes. The Sphaeropleales possess a large number of genes for glycerolipid metabolism and sugar assimilation, which suggests that this order is capable of both heterotrophic and mixotrophic lifestyles in nature. Comparison of transporter genes suggests that the Sphaeropleales can adapt to different natural environmental conditions, such as salinity and low metal concentrations.
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Cherdchukeattisak P, Fraser PD, Purton S, Brocklehurst TW. Detection and Enhancement of Ketocarotenoid Accumulation in the Newly Isolated Sarcinoid Green Microalga Chlorosarcinopsis PY02. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7010017. [PMID: 29439525 PMCID: PMC5872043 DOI: 10.3390/biology7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The sarcinoid alga PY02 is a newly isolated soil alga native to western Thailand. In this study PY02 is described, the carotenoid profile of the green and red forms of the algal cells are compared, and the effect of nitrogen reduction and media volume on ketocarotenoid production are reported. Partial sequences of the genes from elongation factor Tu (tufA) and 18S rRNA reveal that the alga is from the Chlorosarcinopsis genus. Growth studies demonstrated that Chlorosarcinopsis PY02 is capable of photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth. A gradual change in colony colour from green to red was observed over a period of four weeks under mixotrophic conditions. Pigment analysis of lyophilized red cells using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with Photo Diode Array Detection (PDA), showed for the first time that an alga from the genus Chlorosarcinopsis is capable of producing ketocarotenoids such as adonixanthin and 3-OH-echinenone, with canthaxanthin as the dominant pigment. Interestingly, a reduction of nitrogen in the medium exerts a positive effect on the rate of colour change from one month to less than seven days. Enhancements of the canthaxanthin content from 520 to 1504 or 1427 µg·gDW−1 were detected under 50% and 10% nitrogen content, respectively. An increase of 16% in biomass production of PY02 was unexpectedly detected from a 50% nitrogen reduction under mixotrophic culture. Notably, in liquid mixotrophic media with volumes of 15, 30 and 60 mL, the lowest volume produced a significantly higher biomass and canthaxanthin content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Saul Purton
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Huang W, Lin Y, He M, Gong Y, Huang J. Induced High-Yield Production of Zeaxanthin, Lutein, and β-Carotene by a Mutant of Chlorella zofingiensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:891-897. [PMID: 29319312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural resources of zeaxanthin are extremely limited. A Chlorella zofingiensis mutant (CZ-bkt1), which could accumulate high amounts of zeaxanthin, was generated and characterized. CZ-bkt1 was achieved by treating the algal cells with a chemical mutagen followed by a color-based colony-screening approach. CZ-bkt1 was found to consist of a dysfunctional carotenoid ketolase, leading to the accumulation of zeaxanthin rather than to its downstream ketocarotenoid astaxanthin. Light irradiation, glucose, NaCl, and nitrogen deficiency all induced CZ-bkt1 to accumulate zeaxanthin. CZ-bkt1 accumulated zeaxanthin up to 7.00 ± 0.82 mg/g when induced by high-light irradiation and nitrogen deficiency and up to 36.79 ± 2.23 mg/L by additional feeding with glucose. Furthermore, in addition to zeaxanthin, CZ-bkt1 also accumulated high amounts of β-carotene (7.18 ± 0.72 mg/g or 34.64 ± 1.39 mg/L) and lutein (13.81 ± 1.23 mg/g or 33.97 ± 2.61 mg/L). CZ-bkt1 is the sole species up to date with the ability to accumulate high amounts of the three carotenoids that are essential for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Huang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mingxia He
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuhao Gong
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, China
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Hu J, Nagarajan D, Zhang Q, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for pigment production: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Chen JH, Liu L, Wei D. Enhanced production of astaxanthin by Chromochloris zofingiensis in a microplate-based culture system under high light irradiation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:518-529. [PMID: 28898852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis is a promising producer of natural astaxanthin. In the present study, C. zofingiensis was first cultivated in shake flasks under low light irradiation and then subjected to continuous high light irradiation, which effectively promoted astaxanthin production. In addition, a microplate-based culture system in concert with high light irradiation from blue light and white light above 150μmolm-2s-1 was constructed and applied to improve astaxanthin production. Blue light exerted more positive influences on astaxanthin accumulation, but when the light intensity was increased to 300μmolm-2s-1, astaxanthin biosynthesis was substantially inhibited. Conversely, in a nitrogen-deprived culture under white light, the highest astaxanthin content for C. zofingiensis, 7.1mg/g, was obtained. The highest astaxanthin yield achieved was 38.9mg/L in a culture with 0.1g/L nitrate under the same culture conditions. This study demonstrates that C. zofingiensis has great potential for natural astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Chen
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
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Miazek K, Remacle C, Richel A, Goffin D. Beech wood Fagus sylvatica dilute-acid hydrolysate as a feedstock to support Chlorella sorokiniana biomass, fatty acid and pigment production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 230:122-131. [PMID: 28187341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the possibility of using beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) dilute-acid (H2SO4) hydrolysate as a feedstock for Chlorella sorokiniana growth, fatty acid and pigment production. Neutralized wood acid hydrolysate, containing organic and mineral compounds, was tested on Chlorella growth at different concentrations and compared to growth under phototrophic conditions. Chlorella growth was improved at lower loadings and inhibited at higher loadings. Based on these results, a 12% neutralized wood acid hydrolysate (Hyd12%) loading was selected to investigate its impact on Chlorella growth, fatty acid and pigment production. Hyd12% improved microalgal biomass, fatty acid and pigment productivities both in light and in dark, when compared to photoautotrophic control. Light intensity had substantial influence on fatty acid and pigment composition in Chlorella culture during Hyd12%-based growth. Moreover, heterotrophic Chlorella cultivation with Hyd12% also showed that wood hydrolysate can constitute an attractive feedstock for microalgae cultivation in case of lack of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- TERRA, AgricultureIsLife Platform, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium; Unit of Biological and Industrial Chemistry, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium.
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, Institute of Botany, University of Liege, B22, Chemin de la vallée, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Unit of Biological and Industrial Chemistry, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Dorothee Goffin
- Cellule Innovation et Créativité, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
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43
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Zhang Z, Huang JJ, Sun D, Lee Y, Chen F. Two-step cultivation for production of astaxanthin in Chlorella zofingiensis using a patented energy-free rotating floating photobioreactor (RFP). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:515-522. [PMID: 27818161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, high light and nitrogen starvation with glucose-fed to the culture was found efficient to induce astaxanthin accumulation in Chlorella zofingiensis. Therefore, a two-step cultivation strategy including high biomass yield fermentation and outdoor induction with an energy-free RFP was conducted. During the fermentation, the highest cell density of 98.4gL-1 and astaxanthin yield of 73.3mgL-1 were achieved, which were higher than those so far reported in C. zofingiensis. During the outdoor induction, astaxanthin content was further increased by 1.5-fold leading to the highest astaxanthin productivity of 5.26mgL-1day-1 under an optimal dilution of 5-fold. Our work thus provided an effective two-step cultivation strategy for production of astaxanthin by C. zofingiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jim Junhui Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Dongzhe Sun
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuankun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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44
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Wang S, Wu Y, Wang X. Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using sucrose as the sole carbon source by co-culture with Rhodotorula glutinis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:615-620. [PMID: 27619713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae is a feasible alternative strategy to avoid the light limitation of photoautotrophic culture, but the heterotrophic utilization of disaccharides is difficult for microalgae. Aimed at this problem, a co-culture system was developed by mix culture of C. pyrenoidosa and R. glutinis using sucrose as the sole carbon source. In this system, C. pyrenoidosa could utilize glucose and fructose which were hydrolyzed from sucrose by R. glutinis. The highest specific growth rate and final cell number proportion of algae was 1.02day(-1) and 45%, respectively, when cultured at the initial algal cell number proportion of 95.24% and the final algal cell density was 111.48×10(6)cells/mL. In addition, the lipid content was also promoted due to the synergistic effects in mix culture. This study provides a novel approach using sucrose-riched wastes for the heterotrophic culture of microalgae and may effectively decrease the cost of carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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45
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Huang W, Ye J, Zhang J, Lin Y, He M, Huang J. Transcriptome analysis of Chlorella zofingiensis to identify genes and their expressions involved in astaxanthin and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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46
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Hu L, Li H, Qin R, Xu R, Li J, Li L, Wei P, Yang J. Plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25921. [PMID: 27174847 PMCID: PMC4865823 DOI: 10.1038/srep25921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The E. coli phosphomannose isomerase (EcPMI) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (SMG) in mannose (Man) selection-based plant transformation. Although some plant species exhibit significant PMI activity and active PMIs were even identified in Man-sensitive plants, whether plant PMIs can be used as SMGs remains unclear. In this study, we isolated four novel PMI genes from Chlorella variabilis and Oryza sativa. Their isoenzymatic activities were examined in vitro and compared with that of EcPMI. The active plant PMIs were separately constructed into binary vectors as SMGs and then transformed into rice via Agrobacterium. In both Indica and Japonica subspecies, our results indicated that the plant PMIs could select and produce transgenic plants in a pattern similar to that of EcPMI. The transgenic plants exhibited an accumulation of plant PMI transcripts and enhancement of the in vivo PMI activity. Furthermore, a gene of interest was successfully transformed into rice using the plant PMIs as SMGs. Thus, novel SMGs for Man selection were isolated from plants, and our analysis suggested that PMIs encoding active enzymes might be common in plants and could potentially be used as appropriate genetic elements in cisgenesis engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ruiying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Rongfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Minhas AK, Hodgson P, Barrow CJ, Adholeya A. A Review on the Assessment of Stress Conditions for Simultaneous Production of Microalgal Lipids and Carotenoids. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:546. [PMID: 27199903 PMCID: PMC4853371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal species are potential resource of both biofuels and high-value metabolites, and their production is growth dependent. Growth parameters can be screened for the selection of novel microalgal species that produce molecules of interest. In this context our review confirms that, autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms have demonstrated a dual potential, namely the ability to produce lipids as well as value-added products (particularly carotenoids) under influence of various physico-chemical stresses on microalgae. Some species of microalgae can synthesize, besides some pigments, very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VL-PUFA,>20C) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, those have significant applications in food and health. Producing value-added by-products in addition to biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and lipids has the potential to improve microalgae-based biorefineries by employing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic mode, which could be an offshoot of biotechnology. The review considers the potential of microalgae to produce a range of products and indicates future directions for developing suitable criteria for choosing novel isolates through bioprospecting large gene pool of microalga obtained from various habitats and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpreet K. Minhas
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat CentreNew Delhi, India
| | - Peter Hodgson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin UniversityVictoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityVictoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Alok Adholeya
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat CentreNew Delhi, India
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Kandimalla P, Desi S, Vurimindi H. Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae using industrial flue gases for biodiesel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9345-9354. [PMID: 26304814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to grow microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris and Botryococcus braunii in mixotropic cultivation mode using two different substrates, i.e. sewage and glucose as organic carbon sources along with flue gas inputs as inorganic carbon source. The experiments were carried out in 500 ml flasks with sewage and glucose-enriched media along with flue gas inputs. The composition of the flue gas was 7 % CO2, 210 ppm of NO x and 120 ppm of SO x . The results showed that S. quadricauda grown in glucose-enriched medium yielded higher biomass, lipid and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) (biodiesel) yields of 2.6, 0.63 and 0.3 g/L, respectively. Whereas with sewage, the biomass, lipid and FAME yields of S. quadricauda were 1.9, 0.46, and 0.21 g/L, respectively. The other two species showed closer results as well. The glucose utilization was measured in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction, which was up to 93.75 % by S. quadricauda in the glucose-flue gas medium. In the sewage-flue gas medium, the COD removal was achieved up to 92 % by S. quadricauda. The other nutrients and pollutants from the sewage were removed up to 75 % on an average by the same. Concerning the flue gas treatment studies, S. quadricauda could remove CO2 up to 85 % from the flue gas when grown in glucose medium and 81 % when grown in sewage. The SO x and NO x concentrations were reduced up to 50 and 62 %, respectively, by S. quadricauda in glucose-flue gas medium. Whereas, in the sewage-flue gas medium, the SO x and NO x concentrations were reduced up to 45 and 50 %, respectively, by the same. The other two species were equally efficient however with little less significant yields and removal percentages. This study laid emphasis on comparing the feasibility in utilization of readily available carbon sources like glucose and inexpensive leftover carbon sources like sewage by microalgae to generate energy coupled with economical remediation of waste. Therefore on an industrial scale, the sewage is more preferable. Because the results obtained in the laboratory demonstrated both sewage and glucose-enriched nutrient medium are equally efficient for algae cultivation with just a slight difference. Essentially, the sewage is cost effective and easily available in large quantities compared to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kandimalla
- Center for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085, India
| | - Sreekanth Desi
- Center for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085, India
| | - Himabindu Vurimindi
- Center for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500 085, India.
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Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of isoprenoids synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms as well as by some non-photosynthetic bacteria and fungi with broad applications in food, feed and cosmetics, and also in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Microalgae represent an important source of high-value products, which include carotenoids, among others. Carotenoids play key roles in light harvesting and energy transfer during photosynthesis and in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against photooxidative damage. Carotenoids are generally divided into carotenes and xanthophyls, but accumulation in microalgae can also be classified as primary (essential for survival) and secondary (by exposure to specific stimuli).In this chapter, we outline the high value carotenoids produced by commercially important microalgae, their production pathways, the improved production rates that can be achieved by genetic engineering as well as their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalia Henríquez
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Janeth Galarza
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier Gimpel
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
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50
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Nutrient and media recycling in heterotrophic microalgae cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1061-1075. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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