1
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Ran X, Gao Y, He X, Wang Z, Mo Y, Li Y. Enhanced glucose-1-phosphate production from corn stover using cellulases with reduced β-glucosidase activity via Trbgl1 gene knockout in Trichoderma reesei Rut C30. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110503. [PMID: 39208708 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The scarcity of cellulases with low β-glucosidase activity poses a significant technological challenge in precisely controlling the partial hydrolysis of lignocellulose to cellobiose, crucial for producing high-value chemicals such as starch, inositol, and NMN. Trichoderma reesei is a primary strain in cellulase production. Therefore, this study targeted the critical β-glucosidase gene, Trbgl1, resulting in over an 86 % reduction in β-glucosidase activity. However, cellulase production decreased by 19.2 % and 20.3 % with lactose or cellulose inducers, respectively. Notably, transcript levels of cellulase genes and overall yield remained unaffected with an inducer containing sophorose. This indicates that β-glucosidase BGL1 converts lactose or cellulose to sophorose through transglycosylation activity, inducing cellulase gene transcription. The resulting enzyme cocktail, comprising recombinant cellulase and cellobiose phosphorylase, was applied for corn stover hydrolysis, resulting in a 24.3 % increase in glucose-1-phosphate yield. These findings provide valuable insights into obtaining enzymes suitable for the high-value utilization of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ran
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yushan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zancheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yi Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
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2
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Raheja Y, Singh V, Sharma G, Tsang A, Chadha BS. A thermostable and inhibitor resistant β-glucosidase from Rasamsonia emersonii for efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosics biomass. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:567-582. [PMID: 38470501 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The present study reports a highly thermostable β-glucosidase (GH3) from Rasamsonia emersonii that was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. Extracellular β-glucosidase was purified to homogeneity using single step affinity chromatography with molecular weight of ~ 110 kDa. Intriguingly, the purified enzyme displayed high tolerance to inhibitors mainly acetic acid, formic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural at concentrations exceeding those present in acid steam pretreated rice straw slurry used for hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation in 2G ethanol plants. Characteristics of purified β-glucosidase revealed the optimal activity at 80 °C, pH 5.0 and displayed high thermostability over broad range of temperature 50-70 °C with maximum half-life of ~ 60 h at 50 °C, pH 5.0. The putative transglycosylation activity of β-glucosidase was appreciably enhanced in the presence of methanol as an acceptor. Using the transglycosylation ability of β-glucosidase, the generated low cost mixed glucose disaccharides resulted in the increased induction of R. emersonii cellulase under submerged fermentation. Scaling up the recombinant protein production at fermenter level using temporal feeding approach resulted in maximal β-glucosidase titres of 134,660 units/L. Furthermore, a developed custom made enzyme cocktail consisting of cellulase from R. emersonii mutant M36 supplemented with recombinant β-glucosidase resulted in significantly enhanced hydrolysis of pretreated rice straw slurry from IOCL industries (India). Our results suggest multi-faceted β-glucosidase from R. emersonii can overcome obstacles mainly high cost associated enzyme production, inhibitors that impair the sugar yields and thermal inactivation of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
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3
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Zhao XQ, Liu CG, Bai FW. Making the biochemical conversion of lignocellulose more robust. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:418-430. [PMID: 37858385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is an alternative to fossil resources, but its biochemical conversion is not economically competitive. While decentralized processing can reduce logistical cost for this feedstock, sugar platforms need to be developed with energy-saving pretreatment technologies and cost-effective cellulases, and products must be selected correctly. Anaerobic fermentation with less energy consumption and lower contamination risk is preferred, particularly for producing biofuels. Great effort has been devoted to producing cellulosic ethanol, but CO2 released with large quantities during ethanol fermentation must be utilized in situ for credit. Unless titer and yield are improved substantially, butanol cannot be produced as an advanced biofuel. Microbial lipids produced through aerobic fermentation with low yield and intensive energy consumption are not affordable as feedstocks for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Science, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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4
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Ma X, Li S, Tong X, Liu K. An overview on the current status and future prospects in Aspergillus cellulase production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117866. [PMID: 38061590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase is a new research point besides glucoamylase, amylase, and protease in the enzyme industry. Cellulase can decompose lignocellulosic biomass into small-molecule sugars, which facilitates microbial utilization; thus, it has a vast market potential in the field of feed, food, energy, and chemistry. The Aspergillus was the first strain used in cellulase preparation because of its safety and non-toxicity, strong growth ability, and high enzyme yield. This review provides the latest research and advances on preparing cellulase from Aspergillus. The metabolic mechanisms of cellulase secretion by Aspergillus, the selection of fermentation substrates, the comparison of the fermentation modes, and the effect of fermentation conditions have been discussed in this review. Also, the subsequent separation and purification techniques of Aspergillus cellulase, including salting out, organic solvent precipitation, ultrafiltration, and chromatography, have been declared. Further, bottlenecks in Aspergillus cellulase preparation and corresponding feasible approaches, such as genetic engineering, mixed culture, and cellulase immobilization, have also been proposed in this review. This paper provides theoretical support for the efficient production and application of Aspergillus cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengpin Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxia Tong
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Liu
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, China.
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5
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Zhang X, Chen G, Kang J, Bello A, Fan Z, Liu P, Su E, Lang K, Ma B, Li H, Xu X. β-Glucosidase-producing microbial community in composting: Response to different carbon metabolic pressure influenced by biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119506. [PMID: 37951109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Poor management of agricultural waste will cause a lot of environment pollution and the composting process is one of the most effective measures for resource reuse of agricultural waste. β-Glucosidase-producing microbial communities play a vital role in cellulose degradation during composting and regulate cellulase production via differentially expressed glucose/non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase genes. Biochar is widely used as an amendment in compost to accelerate cellulose degradation during composting. However, Biochar-mediated impacts on β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities in compost are unclear. Here, different carbon metabolism pressures were set in natural and biochar compost to elucidate the regulation mechanism and interaction of the β-glucosidase microbial community. Results showed that the addition of biochar decreased the transcription of β-glucosidase genes and led to a reduction of β-glucosidase activity. Micromonospora and Cellulosimicrobium were the predominant functional communities determining cellulose degradation during biochar compost. Biochar addition strengthened the response of the functional microbial community to carbon metabolism pressure. And adding biochar altered the key β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities, influencing cellulase and the interaction between these communities to respond to the different carbon metabolic pressure of compost. Biochar also shifted the co-occurrence network of β-glucosidase-producing microbial community by changing the keystone species. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that high glucose decreased the complexity and stability of the functional microbial network. Most functional microorganisms from Streptomyces produce non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase, which were the key bacterial communities affecting β-glucosidase activity in the non-glucose treatment. This study provides new insights into the response of functional microbial communities and the regulation of enzyme production during the transformation of cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingxue Kang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ayodeji Bello
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Peizhu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Erlie Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kaice Lang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Zhang S, Ni D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. A comprehensive review on the properties, production, and applications of functional glucobioses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37819266 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2261053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucobiose is a range of disaccharides consisting of two glucose molecules, generally including trehalose, kojibiose, sophorose, nigerose, laminaribiose, maltose, cellobiose, isomaltose, and gentiobiose. The difference glycosidic bonds of two glucose molecules result in the diverse molecular structures, physiochemical properties and physiological functions of these glucobioses. Some glucobioses are abundant in nature but have unconspicuous roles on health like maltose, whereas some rare glucobioses display remarkable biological effects. It is unpractical process to extract these rare glucobioses from natural resources, while biological synthesis is a feasible approach. Recently, the production and application of glucobiose have attracted considerable attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of glucobioses, including their natural sources and physicochemical properties like structure, sweetness, digestive performance, toxicology, and cariogenicity. Specific enzymes used for the production of various glucobioses and fermentation production processes are summarized. Additionally, their versatile functions and broad applications are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resoruces, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resoruces, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resoruces, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resoruces, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resoruces, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resoruces, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Iyyappan J, Pravin R, Al-Ghanim KA, Govindarajan M, Nicoletti M, Baskar G. Dual strategy for bioconversion of elephant grass biomass into fermentable sugars using Trichoderma reesei towards bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128804. [PMID: 36849101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biodelignification and enzymatic hydrolysis of elephant grass were performed by recombinant and native strain of Trichoderma reesei, respectively. Initially, rT. reesei displaying Lip8H and MnP1 gene was used for biodelignification with NiO nanoparticles. Saccharification was performed by combining hydrolytic enzyme produced with NiO nanoparticles. Elephant grass hydrolysate was used for bioethanol production using Kluyveromyces marxianus. Maximum lignolytic enzyme production was obtained with 15 µg/L of NiO nanoparticles and initial pH of 5 at 32 °C. Subsequently, about 54% of lignin degradation was achieved after 192 h. Hydrolytic enzymes showed elevated enzyme activity and resulted in 84.52 ± 3.5 g/L of total reducing sugar at 15 µg/mL NiO NPs. About 14.65 ± 1.75 g/L of ethanol was produced using K. marxianus after 24 h. Thus, dual strategy employed for conversion of elephant grass biomass into fermentable sugar and subsequent biofuel production could become potential platform for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraj Iyyappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602107, India
| | - Ravichandran Pravin
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Li J, Chen Y, Gao Y, Mo Y, Long T, Yao B, Li Y. Engineering Trichoderma reesei for the hyperproduction of cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) on a sophorose-containing inducer to efficiently saccharify alkali-pretreated corn stover. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36563056 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei was induced to produce cellulase by a combination of glucose and β-disaccharide; however, lower levels of auxiliary proteins for degrading lignocellulosic biomass were detected by iTRAQ analysis compared with cellulose as an inducer, especially cellulose induced protein 1 (CIP1). In this study, A pdc1 promoter-driven overexpression of the endogenous Trcip1 gene was observed in T. reesei Rut C30, and the Trcip1 transcription levels of the two transformants, T. reesei OE-cip1-1 and OE-cip1-2, demonstrated 31.2- and 164.6-fold increases, respectively, but there was no significant change in cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase and filter paper activity at 48 h. The crude enzyme was then used to hydrolyze corn stover. For T. reesei OE-cip1-1 and OE-cip1-2, the hydrolysis efficiency increased by 25.0 and 28.6% with a solid loading of 5% at 2 h, respectively. Simultaneously, 85.5 and 85.2 g/L glucose were released using a cellulase cocktail at high solid loading (20%), and these glucose release rates were significantly greater than that of T. reesei Rut C30 cellulase (77.4 g/L) at 120 h. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the enhanced hydrolysis efficiency was primarily triggered by the decrease in the crystallinity of lignocellulose, and the fiber structure had varying degrees of loosening and disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushan Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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Cao C, Zhu Z, Xu C, Gong W, Zhou Y, Yan L, Hu Z, Xie C, Peng Y. Improving saccharification of ramie stalks by synergistic effect of in-house cellulolytic enzymes consortium. AMB Express 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 36114307 PMCID: PMC9481857 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high cost of cellulase is one of the main obstacles hindering the large-scale biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, developing efficient method for preparation of cellulase is promising. In the present study, the production of cellulase by Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus niger was optimized, and the synergistic effect of these cellulase on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated ramie stalks was also evaluated. The maximum CMCase (Carboxymethyl Cellulase) and filter paper activity (FPA) produced by T. reesei reached to 3.12 IU/mL and 0.13 IU/mL, respectively. The maximum activities of CMCase (3.68 IU/mL), FPA (0.04 IU/mL) and β-glucosidase (8.44 IU/mL) were obtained from A. niger. The results also showed that under the premise of the same FPA activity, the contribution of β-glucosidase activity to yield of reducing sugar was greater than that of CMCase. Besides, cellulase produced by T. reesei and A. niger had the best synergistic effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated ramie stalks. The highest reducing sugars yield (417 mg/g dry substrate) was achieved when enzyme cocktail was prepared at the ratio of 1:1, which was 1.36–3.35 folds higher than that of different single enzymes. The present research has provided a novel method for efficient preparation of enzymes consortium for enzymatic hydrolysis of ramie stalks.
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Zhang P, Li Q, Chen Y, Peng N, Liu W, Wang X, Li Y. Induction of cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei by a glucose-sophorose mixture as an inducer prepared using stevioside. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17392-17400. [PMID: 35765440 PMCID: PMC9190947 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorose is currently the most effective inducer of cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei; however, the use of byproduct sophorose from the stevioside acid hydrolysis process has not been developed. In this study, stevioside was hydrolysed with different concentrations of HCl to obtain isosteviol and a mixture of glucose and sophorose (MGS). Isosteviol showed good inhibitory effects on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli after separation. At the same time, MGS, as a byproduct, was evaluated for cellulase production to determine the feasibility of this approach. MGS was compared with common soluble inducers, such as lactose, cellobiose, and a mixture of glucose and β-disaccharide (MGD), and induced higher cellulase production than the other inducers. The cellulase activity induced by MGS was 1.64- and 5.26-fold higher than that induced by lactose and cellobiose, respectively, and was not significantly different from that induced by MGD. The crude enzyme using MGS as an inducer with commercial β-glucosidase was further tested by hydrolyzing NaOH-pretreated corn stover with 5% solid loading, and 33.4 g L-1 glucose was released with a glucose yield of 96.04%. The strategy developed in this work will be beneficial for reducing inducer production cost through a simple stevia glycoside hydrolysis reaction and will contribute to studies aimed at improving cellulase production using soluble inducers for easier operation in industrial-scale cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Qian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Yudian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Nian Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Wenshu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
| | - Yonghao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology Chongqing 401331 China +86-23-65022211
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11
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Regulation of β-Disaccharide Accumulation by β-Glucosidase Inhibitors to Enhance Cellulase Production in Trichoderma reesei. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is a high-yield producer of cellulase for applications in lignocellulosic biomass conversion, but its cellulase production requires induction. A mixture of glucose and β-disaccharide has been demonstrated to achieve high-level cellulase production. However, as inducers, β-disaccharides are prone to be hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase (BGL) during fermentation, therefore β-disaccharides need to be supplemented through feeding to overcome this problem. Here, miglitol, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, was investigated as a BGL inhibitor, and exhibited an IC50 value of 2.93 μg/mL. The cellulase titer was more than two-fold when miglitol was added to the fermentation medium of T. reesei. This method was similar to the prokaryotic expression system using unmetabolized isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) as the inducer instead of lactose to continuously induce gene expression. However, cellulase activity was not enhanced with BGL inhibition when lactose or cellulose was used as an inducer, which demonstrated that the transglycosidase activity of BGL is important for the inducible activity of lactose and cellulose. This novel method demonstrates potential in stimulating cellulase production and provides a promising system for T. reesei protein expression.
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12
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Li Y, Zhang P, Zhu D, Yao B, Hasunuma T, Kondo A, Zhao X. Efficient preparation of soluble inducer for cellulase production and saccharification of corn stover using in-house generated crude enzymes. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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14
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Cellulase immobilized by sodium alginate-polyethylene glycol-chitosan for hydrolysis enhancement of microcrystalline cellulose. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Alarid‐García C, Hernández‐Calderón OM, Rios‐Iribe EY, González‐Llanes MD, Escamilla‐Silva EM. Production of β‐glucosidase by
Aspergillus niger
CDBB‐H
‐175 on submerged fermentation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alarid‐García
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán Mexico
| | | | - Erika Y. Rios‐Iribe
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán Mexico
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Fang H, Li C, Zhao J, Zhao C. Biotechnological Advances and Trends in Engineering Trichoderma reesei towards Cellulase Hyperproducer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Industrially Important Fungal Enzymes: Productions and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Gelain L, Kingma E, Geraldo da Cruz Pradella J, Carvalho da Costa A, van der Wielen L, van Gulik WM. Continuous production of enzymes under carbon-limited conditions by Trichoderma harzianum P49P11. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:177-183. [PMID: 33622533 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-limited chemostat cultures were performed using different carbon sources (glucose, 10 and 20 g/L; sucrose, 10 g/L; fructose/glucose, 5.26/5.26 g/L; carboxymethyl cellulose, 10 g/L; and carboxymethyl cellulose/glucose, 5/5 g/L) to verify the capability of the wild type strain Trichoderma harzianum to produce extracellular enzymes. All chemostat cultures were carried out at a fixed dilution rate of 0.05 h-1. Experiments using glucose, fructose/glucose and sucrose were performed in duplicate. Glucose condition was found to induce the production of enzymes that can catalyse the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (PNPGase). A concentration of 20 g/L of glucose in the feed provided the highest productivity (1048 ± 16 U/mol h). Extracellular polysaccharides were considered the source of inducers. Based on the obtained results, a new PNPGase production process was developed using mainly glucose. This process raises interesting possibilities of synthesizing the inducer substrate and the induced enzymes in a single step using an easily assimilated carbon source under carbon-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gelain
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Esther Kingma
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - José Geraldo da Cruz Pradella
- Federal University of São Paulo, Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes, 1201, S. J. Campos, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho da Costa
- University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luuk van der Wielen
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, V94 T9PX, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Walter M van Gulik
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
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19
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Yin YR, Sang P, Yang FL, Li T, Yang RF, Liu HY, Luo ZL, Li WJ, Yang LQ. Characterization of a Cu 2+, SDS, alcohol and glucose tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase from Bacillus sp. CGMCC 1.16541. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1467-1477. [PMID: 32748077 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A β-glucosidase gene (bsbgl1a) from Bacillus sp. CGMCC 1.16541 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and subsequently characterized. The amino acid sequence shared 83.64% identity with β-glucosidase (WP_066390903.1) from Fictibacillus phosphorivorans. The recombinant β-glucosidase (BsBgl1A) had a molecular weight of 52.2 kDa and could hydrolyze cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetrose, p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX). Optimal activity for BsBgl1A was recorded at 45 °C with a pH between 5.6 and 7.6, and 100% of its activity was maintained after a 24 h incubation between pH 4 and 9. Kinetic characterization revealed an enzymatic turnover (Kcat) of 616 ± 2 s-1 (with cellobiose) and 3.5 ± 0.1 s-1 (with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside). Interestingly, the recombinant enzyme showed cupric ion (Cu2+), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and alcohol tolerance at 10 mM for Cu2+ and 10% for both SDS and alcohol. Additionally, BsBgl1A had high tolerance for glucose (Ki = 2095 mM), which is an extremely desirable feature for industrial applications. Following the addition of BsBgl1A (0.05 mg/ml) to a commercial cellulase reaction system, glucose yields from sugarcane bagasse increased 100% after 1 day at 45 °C. This work identifies a Cu2+, SDS, alcohol, and glucose tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase with potential applications in the hydrolysis of cellulose for the bioenergy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rui Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Li Yang
- Xiaguan No. 1 Middle School, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Feng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Quan Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China.
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21
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22
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Srivastava N, Rathour R, Jha S, Pandey K, Srivastava M, Thakur VK, Sengar RS, Gupta VK, Mazumder PB, Khan AF, Mishra PK. Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E220. [PMID: 31174354 PMCID: PMC6627771 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Rishabh Rathour
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Sonam Jha
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Karan Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Rakesh Singh Sengar
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, U.P., India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | | | - Ahamad Faiz Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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23
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Chen Y, Li S, Jia Y. Purification and characterization of a novel β-glucosidase from Aspergillus flavus and its application in saccharification of soybean meal. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:671-678. [PMID: 30990111 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1599397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus has been regarded as a potential candidate for its production of industrial enzymes, but the details of β-glucosidase from this strain is very limited. In herein, we first reported a novel β-glucosidase (AfBglA) with the molecular mass of 94.2 kDa from A. flavus. AfBglA was optimally active at pH 4.5 and 60 °C and is stable between pH 3.5 and 9.0 and at a temperature of up to 55 °C for 30 min remaining more than 90% of its initial activity. It showed an excellent tolerance to Trypsin, Pepsin, Compound Protease, and Flavourzyme and its activity was not inhibited by specific certain cations. AfBglA displayed broad substrate specificity, it acted on all tested pNP-glycosides and barley glucan, indicating this novel β-glucosidase exhibited a β-1, 3-1, 4-glucanase activity. Moreover, the AfBglA could effectively hydrolyze the soybean meal suspension into glucose and exhibit a strong tolerance to the inhibition of glucose at a concentration of 20.0 g/L during the saccharification. The maximum amount of the glucose obtained by AfBglA corresponded to 67.0 g/kg soybean meal. All of these properties mentioned above indicated that the AfBglA possibly attractive for food and feed industry and saccharification of cellulolytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yangliu Liu
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Siting Li
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
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24
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Yang J, Deng L, Zhao C, Fang H. Heterologous expression of Neurospora crassa cbh1 gene in Pichia pastoris resulted in production of a neutral cellobiohydrolase I. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2795. [PMID: 30816014 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high production cost of cellulase is one of the limitations that hinder the commercialization of lignocellulose-based biorefineries. As one of the important cellulases, Neurospora crassa cellulase is not so intensively investigated as T. reesei cellulase. In this study, the cbh1gene (NCU07340) cloned from N. crassa was expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promotor. Six transformants with the highest resistance to G418 were selected by two rounds of transformant screening, among which the most robust producer of the recombinant cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) has an Avicelase activity of 0.22 U/mL. After fermentation optimization, it was improved to 0.30 U/mL. Interestingly, the optimal temperature and pH of the recombinant CBHI were 60°C and 7.2, respectively, and it was quite stable within the wide ranges of temperature and pH. This work is a good example for the future improvement and optimization of N. crassa cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Liu WC, Inwood S, Gong T, Sharma A, Yu LY, Zhu P. Fed-batch high-cell-density fermentation strategies for Pichia pastoris growth and production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:258-271. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1554620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Cang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sarah Inwood
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Li-Yan Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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26
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Bhatt SM, Bhat S. Role of Solid-State Fermentation to Improve Cost Economy of Cellulase Production. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Zhang F, Bunterngsook B, Li JX, Zhao XQ, Champreda V, Liu CG, Bai FW. Regulation and production of lignocellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma reesei for biofuels production. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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