1
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Khan M, Imran M, Ashraf M, Ishaque W, Habib M. Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Having Potential Antiviral Properties from Priestia Aryabattai Strain MK1 and Bacillus sp. Strain MK2. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:260. [PMID: 38980435 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Viral diseases are a serious threat to humans while the most antiviral drugs have low efficiency and side effects on human health. Therefore, using microbial biopolymers as the drugs alternate to treat viral infections seems cost-effective and human friendly option. In the present study, thirty-four exopolysaccharides (EPSs) producing bacteria were isolated, and EPSs production capacity of five salt-tolerant isolates was determined under 0, 100 and 150 mM NaCl. Among these, two isolates exhibiting high anti-coliphage activity were identified through 16S rRNA gene analysis. Moreover, the EPSs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their composition was determined. Five salt-tolerant bacteria (MK1, MK2, MK10, MK22 and MK29) exhibited higher production of EPSs at 100 mM NaCl compared to that under non-saline control. At 100 mM NaCl, the yield of EPSs ranged between 105 and 330 mg 100 mL-1 broth. The EPSs produced by the isolates MK1 and MK2 exhibited higher anti-coliphage activity (plaque forming unit decreased from 43 × 106 mL-1 to 3 × 106 and 4 × 106 mL-1, respectively), and were comprised of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose and xylose sugars. FTIR spectroscopy depicted that EPSs are mainly composed of hydroxyl, aliphatic, carboxyl, sulfate and phosphate functional groups, which could have bound coliphage and thus conferred higher anti-coliphage activities to the EPSs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MK1 and MK2 isolates formed clades within genus Priestia and Bacillus sequences, respectively. High EPSs production capacity of bacterial isolates under saline condition and high anti-coliphage activity of the EPSs implies that bacterial biopolymers could be useful in antiviral drugs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Khan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ishaque
- Soil and Environmental Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mudasser Habib
- Animal Sciences, NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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2
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Zhang H, Li Y, Fu Y, Jiao H, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhou M, Yong YC, Liu J. A structure-functionality insight into the bioactivity of microbial polysaccharides toward biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122078. [PMID: 38616098 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides (MPs) are biopolymers secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi during their metabolic processes. Compared to polysaccharides derived from plants and animals, MPs have advantages such as wide sources, high production efficiency, and less susceptibility to natural environmental influences. The most attractive feature of MPs lies in their diverse biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities, which have demonstrated immense potential for applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and biomedicine. These bioactivities are precisely regulated by their sophisticated molecular structure. However, the mechanisms underlying this precise regulation are not yet fully understood and continue to evolve. This article presents a comprehensive review of the most representative species of MPs, including their fermentation and purification processes and their biomedical applications in recent years. In particular, this work presents an in-depth analysis into the structure-activity relationships of MPs across multiple molecular levels. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of investigating the structure-activity relationships, providing valuable insights into the broad and high-value utilization of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengbo Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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3
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Čuljak N, Bellich B, Pedroni A, Butorac K, Pavunc AL, Novak J, Banić M, Šušković J, Cescutti P, Kos B. Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains MC1 and D12: Functional properties and exopolysaccharides characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133215. [PMID: 38897515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a broad spectrum of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), commonly used as texturizers in food products. Due to their potential contribution to LAB probiotic properties, like adhesion to human epithelial cells and competitive exclusion of pathogens from human intestinal epithelial cells, this study was focussed on the structural and functional characterization of the EPSs produced by two Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains - MC1, originating from mother's milk, and D12, autochthonous from Croatian smoked fresh cheese. Whole-genome sequencing and functional annotation of both L. fermentum strains by RAST server revealed the genes involved in EPS production and transport, with some differences in functionally related genes. EPSs were extracted from the cell surface of both bacterial strains and purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characterization of the EPSs, achieved by chemical analyses and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, showed that both strains produce an identical mixture of three different EPSs containing galactofuranose and glucopyranose residues. However, a comparison of the functional properties showed that the MC1 strain adhered better to the Caco-2 cell line and exhibited stronger antimicrobial effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FP1 than the D12 strain, which may be attributed to the potential bacteriocin activity of the MC1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Advanced Translational Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Pedroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Alharbi NK, Azeez ZF, Alhussain HM, Shahlol AMA, Albureikan MOI, Elsehrawy MG, Aloraini GS, El-Nablaway M, Khatrawi EM, Ghareeb A. Tapping the biosynthetic potential of marine Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific sulphated exopolysaccharide producer: structural insights, bio-prospecting its antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency as a novel anti-infective lead. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385493. [PMID: 38659983 PMCID: PMC11039919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating global threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates prospecting uncharted microbial biodiversity for novel therapeutic leads. This study mines the promising chemical richness of Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific exopolysaccharide (EPSR2-7.22 g/L). It comprised 5 different monosaccharides with 48.11% uronic acid, 17.40% sulfate groups, and 6.09% N-acetyl glucosamine residues. EPSR2 displayed potent antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS+, TAC and FRAP assays. Of all the fungi tested, the yeast Candida albicans displayed the highest susceptibility and antibiofilm inhibition. The fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium glabrum showed moderate EPSR2 susceptibility. In contrast, the fungi Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma harzianum were resistant. Among G+ve tested bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis was the most susceptible, while Salmonella typhi was the most sensitive to G-ve pathogens. Encouragingly, EPSR2 predominantly demonstrated bactericidal effects against both bacterial classes based on MBC/MIC of either 1 or 2 superior Gentamicin. At 75% of MBC, EPSR2 displayed the highest anti-biofilm activity of 88.30% against B. subtilis, while for G-ve antibiofilm inhibition, At 75% of MBC, EPSR2 displayed the highest anti-biofilm activity of 96.63% against Escherichia coli, Even at the lowest dose of 25% MBC, EPSR2 reduced biofilm formation by 84.13% in E. coli, 61.46% in B. subtilis. The microbial metabolite EPSR2 from Bacillus licheniformis LHG166 shows promise as an eco-friendly natural antibiotic alternative for treating infections and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada K. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Aisha M. A. Shahlol
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Wadi-Al-Shatii University, Brack, Libya
| | - Mona Othman I. Albureikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Gamal Elsehrawy
- College of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdelaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ghfren S. Aloraini
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Mohammed Khatrawi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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5
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Li X, Zheng X, Yadav N, Saha S, Salama ES, Li X, Wang L, Jeon BH. Rational management of the plant microbiome for the Second Green Revolution. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100812. [PMID: 38213028 PMCID: PMC11009158 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the mid-20th century transformed agriculture worldwide and has resulted in environmental challenges. A new approach, the Second Green Revolution, seeks to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Plant microbiomes play critical roles in plant growth and stress responses, and understanding plant-microbiome interactions is essential for developing sustainable agricultural practices that meet food security and safety challenges, which are among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of key deterministic processes crucial for developing microbiome management strategies, including the host effect, the facilitator effect, and microbe-microbe interactions. A hierarchical framework for plant microbiome modulation is proposed to bridge the gap between basic research and agricultural applications. This framework emphasizes three levels of modulation: single-strain, synthetic community, and in situ microbiome modulation. Overall, rational management of plant microbiomes has wide-ranging applications in agriculture and can potentially be a core technology for the Second Green Revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Nikita Yadav
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Hermantown, MN 55811, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata 700125, West Bengal, India
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Likun Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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6
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Cai Z, Guo Y, Ma A, Zhang H. NMR analysis of the side-group substituents in welan gum in comparison to gellan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127847. [PMID: 37924910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and applications of polysaccharides are highly dependent on their chemical structures, including the monosaccharide composition, degree of substitution, and position of substituent groups in the backbone. The occurrence of side groups or side chains in the chain backbone of polysaccharides is often an essential factor influencing their conformational and physicochemical properties. Welan gum produced by the fermentation of Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 microorganisms has been widely used in food, construction, and oil drilling fields. While understanding the physicochemical properties of welan gum solution has been highly developed, there is still little information about the determination strategy of the glycosyl side groups in welan gum. In this study, the NMR method was established to quantitatively determine the substituent groups in the chain backbone of welan gum. The delicate chemical structures of welan gum obtained at different fermentation conditions were clarified. The composition and content of side substituents were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography to confirm the accuracy of NMR analysis. The quantitative determination of substituent groups in gellan gum based on NMR analysis was also elaborated for comparison. This work provides insights for profoundly understanding the structure-function relationship of welan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Cai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aiqin Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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7
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El-Mahdy OM, Mohamed HI, El-Ansary AE. Optimizations of exopolysaccharide production by Fusarium nygamai strain AJTYC1 and its potential applications as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and emulsifier. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 37978435 PMCID: PMC10655473 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by microbes are recognized as biomacromolecules of great significance. EPSs from fungi are widely used in a variety of biotechnological fields, including medicine, bioremediation, and agriculture. RESULTS In this study, ten fungal isolates were isolated from Kafir El-Dair, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. Isolate 5 produced more exopolysaccharides than the other examined fungi. According to microscopic morphological traits and genetic confirmation by the 18S rRNA gene, isolate 5 was identified as Fusarium nygamai strain AJTYC1. The present study showed that Czapek's broth media, which contains 6 g/100 ml of sucrose, 10 g/100 ml of peptone, pH 6, and 1.8 × 105 CFU/ml of inoculum size and is incubated at 30 °C for 9 days, was suitable for the production of EPSs from Fusarium nygamai strain AJTYC1 by using static conditions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was employed in the characterization of EPSs, which exhibited the presence of carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, and glycosidic bonds. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected that EPSs consist of sucrose and glucose. The scavenging activity indicates that EPSs have good antioxidant activity. The partially purified exopolysaccharides produced from F. nygamai strain AJTYC1 exhibited excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against gram positive, gram negative and fungal strains. The EPSs at a dose of 1000 µg/ml exhibited anticancer activity against colorectal colon cancer (HCT116), breast cancer (MCF7), and hepatocellular cancer cell lines. Moreover, EPSs is an effective emulsifier of a variety of vegetable oils, and the emulsion it produces is generally stable for up to 168 h. CONCLUSIONS The production of EPSs from F. nygamai strain AJTYC1 can be used as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anticancer, and emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omima M El-Mahdy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 1575, Egypt
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 1575, Egypt.
| | - Abeer E El-Ansary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Srinivash M, Krishnamoorthi R, Mahalingam PU, Malaikozhundan B. Exopolysaccharide from Lactococcus hircilactis CH4 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii GRIPUMSK as new therapeutics to treat biofilm pathogens, oxidative stress and human colon adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126171. [PMID: 37558015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring biopolymers like exopolysaccharides (EPS) secreted by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has gained significant attention as they are cost effective, renewable and safe. In order to prevent the rapid increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria, the EPS of LAB offers novel approach of targeting the antibiotic resistant pathogens by limiting their effects on environment. Accordingly, in this study, the production, purification, characterization and biological properties of exopolysaccharides from Lactococcus hircilactis strain CH4 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii strain GRIPUMSK were performed. The optimization of lactic acid bacterial strains for exopolysaccharide production was done by response surface methodology and changing the carbon sources in the growth media. The carbohydrate and protein of exopolysaccharide 1 were 79.7 % and 8.7 % respectively and exopolysaccharide 2 were 75.2 % and 9.3 % respectively. When compared with the commercial emulsifier sodium dodecyl sulfate, both the exopolysaccharides have shown good emulsifying activity. Both the exopolysaccharides were linear homo-polysaccharide as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the exopolysaccharides were porous and capable of holding water. The exopolysaccharides were partially crystalline as confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectra. Exopolysaccharides from L. hircilactis and L. delbrueckii exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, S. flexneri, S. pyogenes, E. faecalis and C. albicans. Both the exopolysaccharides revealed significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability with the IC50 value of 100 μg/ml and 80 μg/ml respectively. Exopolysaccharides from L. hircilactis and L. delbrueckii at 100 μg/ml showed significant anticancer activity on HT-29 cells with 58.4 % and 58.7 % respectively. These findings proved that exopolysaccharides from the two selected lactic acid bacterial strains could be explored as natural bioactive carbohydrate polymer for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moovendran Srinivash
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Krishnamoorthi
- Plant Pathology Division, Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Spices Board (Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India), Myladumpara- 685553, Idukki, Kerala, India.
| | - Pambayan Ulagan Mahalingam
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul 624302, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Ramachandran T, Manoharan D, Natesan S, Rajaram SK, Karuppiah P, Shaik MR, Khan M, Shaik B. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles- Bacillus sp. MKUST-01 Exopolysaccharide (SeNPs-EPS) Conjugate for Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2520. [PMID: 37760961 PMCID: PMC10525696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous microbial metabolites generated predominantly during the development of bacteria. They have several biological potentials, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer actions. Polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles have high biological activity and are used in treatments and diagnostics. In this research, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are synthesized and conjugated with bacterial (Bacillus sp. MKUST-01) exopolysaccharide (EPS). Initially, the creation of SeNPs conjugates was verified through UV-Vis spectral examination, which exhibited a prominent peak at 264 nm. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further substantiated the existence of crystalline Se, as evidenced by a robust reflection at 29.78°. Another reflection observed at 23.76° indicated the presence of carbon originating from the EPS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the EPS capped with SeNPs displayed characteristic peaks at 3425 cm-1, 2926 cm-1, 1639 cm-1, and 1411 cm-1, corresponding to the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, and COO-groups. The SeNPs themselves were found to possess elongated rod-shaped structures with lengths ranging from 250 to 550 nm and a diameter of less than 70 nm, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. In contrast to the SeNPs, the SeNPs-EPS conjugates showed no hemolytic activity. The overall antioxidant activity of SeNPs-EPS conjugates outperformed 20% higher than SeNPs and EPS. Additionally, experimental observations involving gnotobiotic Artemia nauplii experiments were also recorded, such as the supplementation of EPS and SeNPs-EPS conjugates corresponding to enhanced growth and increased survival rates compared to Artemia nauplii fed with SeNPs and a microalgal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalaivasan Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Devaprakash Manoharan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Sivakumar Natesan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India; (T.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Shyam Kumar Rajaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar 625701, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ponmurugan Karuppiah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Baji Shaik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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10
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Peng W, Guo X, Xu X, Zou D, Zou H, Yang X. Advances in Polysaccharide Production Based on the Co-Culture of Microbes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2847. [PMID: 37447493 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides are natural carbohydrates that can confer adhesion capacity to cells and protect them from harsh environments. Due to their various physiological activities, these macromolecules are widely used in food, medicine, environmental, cosmetic, and textile applications. Microbial co-culture is an important strategy that is used to increase the production of microbial polysaccharides or produce new polysaccharides (structural alterations). This is achieved by exploiting the symbiotic/antagonistic/chemo-sensitive interactions between microbes and stimulating the expression of relevant silent genes. In this article, we review the performance of polysaccharides produced using microbial co-culture in terms of yield, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, in addition to the advantages and application prospects of co-culture. Moreover, the potential for microbial polysaccharides to be used in various applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Dan Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hang Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xingyong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Nowak A, Kutyła M, Kaczmarek J, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Jędryczka M. Differences in the Production of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Other Metabolites of Plenodomus ( Leptosphaeria) Infecting Winter Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). Metabolites 2023; 13:759. [PMID: 37367918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Plenodomus (Leptosphaeria) are phytopathogens of the Brassicaceae family, which includes oilseed rape. The spores of these fungi spread by airborne transmission, infect plants, and cause crop losses. The secondary metabolism of P. lingam and P. biglobosus was studied and compared, with the main focus being on the ability to produce Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). In spite of the 1.5-2-fold faster growth rate of P. biglobosus on Czapek-Dox and other screening media, the average yield of EPS in this fungus was only 0.29 g/L, compared to that of P. lingam (0.43 g/L). In turn, P. biglobosus showed a higher capacity to synthesise IAA, i.e., 14 µg/mL, in contrast to <1.5 µg/mL produced by P. lingam. On the other hand, the P. lingam strains showed higher β-glucanase activity (350-400 mU/mL), compared to 50-100 mU/mL in P. biglobosus. Invertase levels were similar in both species (250 mU/mL). The positive correlation between invertase activity and EPS yield contrasted with the absence of a correlation of EPS with β-glucanase. Plenodomus neither solubilised phosphate nor used proteins from milk. All strains showed the ability to synthesise siderophores on CAS agar. P. biglobosus exhibited the highest efficiency of amylolytic and cellulolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Nowak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kutyła
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaczmarek
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jędryczka
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
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Prasad S, Purohit SR. Microbial exopolysaccharide: Sources, stress conditions, properties and application in food and environment: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124925. [PMID: 37236568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial glucan or exopolysaccharides (EPS) have caught an eye of researchers from decades. The unique characteristics of EPS make it suitable for various food and environmental applications. This review overviews the different types of exopolysaccharides, sources, stress conditions, properties, characterization techniques and applications in food and environment. The yield and production condition of EPS is a major factor affecting the cost and its applications. Stress conditions are very important as it stimulates the microorganism for enhanced EPS production and affects its properties. As far as application is concerned specific properties of EPS such as, hydrophilicity, less oil uptake behavior, film forming ability, adsorption potential have applications in both food and environment sector. Novel and improved method of production, feed stock and right choice of microorganisms with stress conditions are critical for desired functionality and yield of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanstuti Prasad
- Food and Bioprocessing Lab, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Purohit
- Food and Bioprocessing Lab, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
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Gojgic-Cvijovic G, Jakovljevic D, Zivkovic L, Cosovic V, Pavlovic V, Nikolic I, Maravic N, Dokic L. Synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified levan and investigation of its microstructural, physicochemical, and emulsifying properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124837. [PMID: 37178878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, levan from Bacillus licheniformis NS032 was modified in an aqueous medium by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), and the properties of the obtained derivatives were studied. The maximum efficiency in the synthesis reaction was achieved at 40 °C and a polysaccharide slurry concentration of 30 %. Increasing the reagent concentration (2-10 %) led to an increase in the degree of substitution (0.016-0.048). Structures of derivatives were confirmed by FTIR and NMR. Scanning electronic microscopy, thermogravimetry, and dynamic light scattering analyses showed that the derivatives with degrees of substitution of 0.025 and 0.036 retained levan's porous structure and thermostability and showed better colloidal stability than the native polysaccharide. The intrinsic viscosity of derivatives increased upon modification, while the surface tension of the 1 % solution was lowered to 61 mN/m. Oil-in-water emulsions prepared with sunflower oil (10 % and 20 %) by mechanical homogenization and 2 and 10 % derivatives in the continuous phase showed mean oil droplet sizes of 106-195 μm, while the distribution curves exhibited bimodal character. The studied derivatives have a good capacity to stabilize emulsions, as they have a creaming index ranging from 73 % to 94 %. The OSA-modified levans could have potential applications in new formulations of emulsion-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Jakovljevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Zivkovic
- University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Cosovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Maravic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Dokic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Richa, Roy Choudhury A. Self-assembled pH-stable gellan/κ-carrageenan bigel: Rheological studies and viscosity prediction by neural network. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124057. [PMID: 36933592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study focused on analysing and predicting the effect of physicochemical parameters on the rheological properties of the novel polysaccharide-based bigel. This is the first study to report a bigel fabricated entirely from polysaccharides and develop a neural network to predict the modulation in its rheology. This bi-phasic gel had gellan and κ-carrageenan as the constitutive elements in the aqueous and the organic phase, respectively. Physicochemical studies revealed the influence of organogel in eliciting high mechanical strength and smooth surface morphology to the bigel. Furthermore, variation in physiochemical parameters indicated the bigel's inertness towards change in pH of the system. However, variation in temperature led to a noticeable change in the rheology of the bigel. It was observed that after gradual decline, the bigel regained its original viscosity as the temperature increased beyond 80 °C. Insights from this study can pave way for the development of highly-stable polysaccharide bigels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
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Li J, Li Q, Wu Q, Gao N, Wang Z, Yang Y, Shan A. Exopolysaccharides of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorate Salmonella typhimurium-induced intestinal inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 36872332 PMCID: PMC9987055 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella typhimurium (S.T), as an important foodborne bacterial pathogen, can cause diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Numerous studies have confirmed that exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have various biological functions, but the mechanism through which EPSs improve the immunity of animals against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is unclear. Here, we explored the protective effect of EPSs of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on the S.T-infected intestine. METHODS Mice received adequate food and drinking water for one week before the start of the experiment. After 7 d of prefeeding, 2×108 CFU/mL S.T solution and an equivalent volume of saline (control group) were given orally for 1 d. On the fourth day, the mice were treated with 0.5 mg/mL EPSs, 1.0 mg/mL EPSs, 2.0 mg/mL EPSs, or 2.0 mg/mL penicillin for 7 d. Finally, the body and relative organ weight, histological staining, and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokines were determined. RESULTS The S.T-infected mice exhibited symptoms of decreased appetite, somnolence, diarrhea and flagging spirit. Treatment with EPSs and penicillin improved the weight loss of the mice, and the high dose of EPSs showed the best therapeutic effect. EPSs significantly ameliorated S.T-induced ileal injury in mice. High-dose EPSs were more effective than penicillin for alleviating ileal oxidative damage induced by S.T. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of mice showed that the regulatory effects of EPSs on inflammatory cytokines were better than those of penicillin. EPSs could inhibit the expression and activation of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and thereby suppress the level of S.T-induced ileal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS EPSs attenuate S.T-induced immune responses by inhibiting the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, EPSs could promote bacterial aggregation into clusters, which may be a potential strategy for reducing the bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qiuke Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
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Díaz-Cornejo S, Otero MC, Banerjee A, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F. Biological properties of exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus spp. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127276. [PMID: 36525789 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a constant search for ecofriendly bioproducts, which could contribute to various biomedical applications. Among bioproducts, exopolysaccharides are prominent contemporary extracellular biopolymers that are produced by a great variety of bacterial species. These homo- or heteropolymers are composed of monomeric sugar units linked by glycosidic bonds, which are secreted to the external medium. Bacillus spp. are reported to be present in different ecosystems and produce exopolysaccharides with different biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral anti-inflammatory, among others. Since a great diversity of bacterial strains are able to produce exopolysaccharides, a great variation in the molecular composition is observed, which is indeed present in some of the chemical structures predicted until date. These molecular characteristics and their relations with different biological functions are discussed in order to visualize future applications in biomedical section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Díaz-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel, 3605 Talca, Chile
| | - María Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel, 3605 Talca, Chile.
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Feng L, Qian T, Yang G, Mu J. Characteristics of exopolysaccharides produced by isolates from natural bioflocculant of Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1068922. [PMID: 36713164 PMCID: PMC9874098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1068922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel types of exopolysaccharides (EPS) EPS-S8, EPS-S5, and EPS-F10 were extracted and purified from bacterial isolates Bacillus sp. GHS8, Pseudoalteromonas sp. GHS5 and Psychrobacter sp. GHF10, which were originated from natural bioflocculant of Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM), respectively. The EPS had similar function groups C-H, N-H, C-O, and C = O. The EPS were composed of different monosaccharides (EPS-F10, Man: GlcN: GlcUA: GalUA = 1:0.66:5.75:0.51; EPS-S5, Man: Gal: GlcN: Rib = 1: 0.50: 2.94: 0.26; EPS-S8, Man: Gal: GlcN = 1:1.54:7.69). The molecular weights (Mw) of EPS were ordered as 51.4 kDa (EPS-S5) > 9.15 kDa (EPS-S8) > 4.41 kDa (EPS-F10). Three types of EPS all showed higher peak flocculation activities than the reported crude EPS from the RPM. Besides, the EPS also exhibited efficient decoloration and antioxidation activities, especially for EPS-S8, which might be due to the low Mw and specific monosaccharide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Mu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Jun Mu, ✉
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Microbial Polysaccharide Overlaid Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Selenium Nanowire. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and selenium nanowires (Se NWs) using microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a mediator and then examine their antibacterial and ecotoxicity effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. At 100 µg/mL, EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs all exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial properties, drastically inhibiting the development of aquatic Gram(-) pathogens. In addition, antibiofilm studies using a microscope revealed that EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs at 75 µg/mL prevented biofilm development. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity was carried out via Danio rerio embryos and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. Danio rerio embryos were determined at different time intervals (6 hpf, 12 hpf, 24 hpf and 48 hpf). The maximum survival rate (100%) was obtained in a control group. Correspondingly, EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs and EPS-Se NWs treated embryos showed a considerable survival rate with 93.3%, 86.7% and 77.2%, respectively, at 100 µg/mL for 48 hpf. The total mortality of C. cornuta was seen at 100 µg/mL, with 56.7% in EPS, 60.0% in EPS-ZnO NPs, and 70.0% in EPS-Se NWs. For C. cornuta, the LC50 values for EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs were 90.32, 81.99, and 62.99 µg/mL, respectively. Under a microscope, morphological alterations in C. cornuta were analyzed. After 24 h, an amount of dark substance was seen in the guts of C. cornuta exposed to 100 µg/mL, but in the control group, all of the living C. cornuta were swimming as usual. Our results show that EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs were less harmful than EPS-Se NWs, and that they were successfully employed to shield freshwater crustaceans from the toxins in aquatic environments.
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Khan R, Shah MD, Shah L, Lee PC, Khan I. Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031935. [PMID: 36407542 PMCID: PMC9671505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial polysaccharides are unique due to their higher purity, hydrophilic nature, and a finer three-dimensional fibrous structure. Primarily, these polymers provide protection, support, and energy to the microorganism, however, more recently several auxiliary properties of these biopolymers have been unmasked. Microbial polysaccharides have shown therapeutic abilities against various illnesses, augmented the healing abilities of the herbal and Western medicines, improved overall health of the host, and have exerted positive impact on the growth of gut dwelling beneficial bacteria. Specifically, the review is discussing the mechanism through which bacterial polysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, they are holding promising application in the 3D printing. The review is also discussing a perspective about the metagenome-based screening of polysaccharides, their integration with other cutting-edge tools, and synthetic microbiome base intervention of polysaccharides as a strategy for prebiotic intervention. This review has collected interesting information about the bacterial polysaccharides from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Up to our knowledge, this is the first of its kind review article that is summarizing therapeutic, prebiotics, and commercial application of bacterial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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In vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Lactobacillus salivarius KC27L. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 86:105507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Exopolysaccharide production from Alkalibacillus sp. w3: statistical optimization and biological activity. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrobial exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a broad range of applications. Thus, there is an increasing interest in the production, characterization, and use of EPS derived from various microorganisms. Extremophile polysaccharides have unique properties and applications due to its unique structures. The importance of exopolysaccharides synthesized by a new bacterial strain, Alkalibacillus sp. w3, was highlighted in this study. Alkalibacillus sp. w3, a haloalkalitolerant firmicute that was recovered from a salt lake, was optimized for EPS production, and its biological activities were studied. Exopolysaccharide synthesis was observed in Horikoshi I broth medium. The optimal culture conditions for achieving the highest exopolysaccharide production were a 7-day incubation period, pH 10, and 250 g/L of NaCl. The most effective carbon and nitrogen sources for EPS production were glucose and a combination of yeast extract and peptone. Additionally, Plackett-statistical Burman’s design showed that all factors tested had a favorable impact, with glucose having the greatest significance on the production of EPS. The model’s best predictions for culture conditions resulted in a two-fold improvement in EPS production compared to the original yield before optimization. The recovered EPS contained 65.13% carbohydrates, 30.89% proteins, and 3.98% lipids. Moreover, EPS produced by Alkalibacillus sp. w3 demonstrated anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines, with IC50 values as low as 11.8 and 15.5 µg/mL, respectively, besides antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. Based on these results, EPS made by Alkalibacillus sp. w3 has many useful properties, which make it suitable for use in the medical field.
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Li F, Hu X, Qin L, Li H, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lu J, Li Y, Bao M. Characterization and protective effect against ultraviolet radiation of a novel exopolysaccharide from Bacillus marcorestinctum QDR3-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1373-1383. [PMID: 36151616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been applied to various fields, EPS for UVR-mediated oxidative stress repair still needs further exploration. In this study, a novel EPS was isolated from the fermentation medium of Bacillus sp. QDR3-1 and its yield was 4.8 g/L (pH 8.0, 12 % glucose, 30 °C and 6 % NaCl). The pure fraction (named EPS-M1) was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. EPS-M1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of Man, Glc, Gal, and Fuc with a molecular weight of 33.8 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed a rough surface and reticular structure of EPS-M1, and EPS-M1 formed spherical aggregates in aqueous solution observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal analysis revealed that the degradation temperature of EPS-M1 was 306 °C. Moreover, methylation and NMR analysis determined that EPS-M1 was consisted of →3)-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-Manp-(1→, →4,6)-Glcp-(1→, →3)-Glcp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Fucp-(1→, and T-Manp-(1→. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and the repair ability of UVR-mediated cell damage of EPS-M1 were studied with L929 cells. The results showed that EPS-M1 had good biocompatibility and it could mitigate UVR-mediated cell damage by regulating the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Caspase-3/7 activity. Overall, the structure analysis and the protective effects of EPS against L929 cells exposed to UVR provided an experimental basis for EPS in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liying Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Alshawwa SZ, Alshallash KS, Ghareeb A, Elazzazy AM, Sharaf M, Alharthi A, Abdelgawad FE, El-Hossary D, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Helmy YA. Assessment of Pharmacological Potential of Novel Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Marine Kocuria sp. Strain AG5: Broad-Spectrum Biological Investigations. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091387. [PMID: 36143424 PMCID: PMC9504734 DOI: 10.3390/life12091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 17 clinically approved Drugs and over 20 prodrugs under clinical investigations, marine bacteria are believed to have a potential supply of innovative therapeutic bioactive compounds. In the current study, Kocuria sp. strain AG5 isolated from the Red Sea was identified and characterized by biochemical and physiological analysis, and examination of a phylogenetic 16S rRNA sequences. Innovative exopolysaccharide (EPS) was separated from the AG5 isolate as a major fraction of EPS (EPSR5, 6.84 g/L−1). The analysis of EPSR5 revealed that EPSR5 has a molecular weight (Mw) of 4.9 × 104 g/mol and number average molecular weight (Mn) of 5.4 × 104 g/mol and contains sulfate (25.6%) and uronic acid (21.77%). Analysis of the monosaccharide composition indicated that the EPSR5 fraction composes of glucose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, and xylose in a molar ratio of 2.0:0.5:0.25:1.0, respectively. Assessment of the pharmacological potency of EPSR5 was explored by examining its cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholine esterase influences. The antioxidant effect of EPSR5 was dose- and time-dependently increased and the maximum antioxidant activity (98%) was observed at 2000 µg/mL after 120 min. Further, EPSR5 displayed a significant repressive effect regarding the proliferation of HepG-2, A-549, HCT-116, MCF7, HEP2, and PC3 cells with IC50 453.46 ± 21.8 µg/mL, 873.74 ± 15.4 µg/mL, 788.2 ± 32.6 µg/mL, 1691 ± 44.2 µg/mL, 913.1 ± 38.8 µg/mL, and 876.4 ± 39.8 µg/mL, respectively. Evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the anti-inflammatory activity of EPSR5 indicated that EPSR5 has a significant inhibitory activity toward lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activities (IC50 15.39 ± 0.82 µg/mL and 28.06 ± 1.1 µg/mL, respectively). Finally, ESPR5 presented a substantial hemolysis suppressive action with an IC50 of 65.13 ± 0.89 µg /mL, and a considerable inhibitory activity toward acetylcholine esterase activity (IC50 797.02 μg/mL). Together, this study reveals that secondary metabolites produced by Kocuria sp. strain AG5 marine bacteria serve as an important source of pharmacologically active compounds, and their impact on human health is expected to grow with additional global work and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities—Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh Province, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elazzazy
- National Research Centre, Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia El-Hossary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Chang A, Ye Z, Ye Z, Deng J, Lin J, Wu C, Zhu H. Citric acid crosslinked sphingan WL gum hydrogel films supported ciprofloxacin for potential wound dressing application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Zhang Q, Ren T, Gan J, Sun L, Guan C, Zhang Q, Pan S, Chen H. Synthesis and Rheological Characterization of a Novel Salecan Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071492. [PMID: 35890387 PMCID: PMC9323046 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salecan (Sal) is a novel microbial polysaccharide. In the present research, thermal treatment was performed to fabricate Sal hydrogel. The effect of Sal concentration on water holding capacity, swelling properties, texture properties, and microstructure of the hydrogels was discussed. It was found that the equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS) of Sal hydrogels was above 1500%, inferred Sal was a highly hydrophilic polysaccharide. As Sal concentration increased from 3.5 to 8.0 wt%, the hardness increased from 0.88 to 2.07 N and the water hold capability (WHC) increased from 91.3% to 98.2%. Furthermore, the internal network structure of Sal hydrogel also became denser and more uniform. Rheological studies suggested that elastic hydrogel formed under the gelation process. All these results demonstrated that Sal hydrogel prepared by thermal treatment had good gelling properties, which opened up a new safe way for the preparation of Sal hydrogel and broadened the application range of Sal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinling Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Teng Ren
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Jing Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, No. 30 Qingquan Road, Laishan Strict, Yantai 264000, China;
| | - Lirong Sun
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Chenxia Guan
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), No. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.Z.); (T.R.); (L.S.); (C.G.); (Q.Z.); (S.P.)
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0631-568-8079
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26
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Lucena MDA, Ramos IFDS, Geronço MS, de Araújo R, da Silva Filho FL, da Silva LMLR, de Sousa RWR, Ferreira PMP, Osajima JA, Silva-Filho EC, Rizzo MDS, Ribeiro AB, da Costa MP. Biopolymer from Water Kefir as a Potential Clean-Label Ingredient for Health Applications: Evaluation of New Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:3895. [PMID: 35745016 PMCID: PMC9231297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to characterize the exopolysaccharide obtained from water kefir grains (EPSwk), a symbiotic association of probiotic microorganisms. New findings of the technological, mechanical, and biological properties of the sample were studied. The EPSwk polymer presented an Mw of 6.35 × 105 Da. The biopolymer also showed microcrystalline structure and characteristic thermal stability with maximum thermal degradation at 250 °C. The analysis of the monosaccharides of the EPSwk by gas chromatography demonstrated that the material is composed of glucose units (98 mol%). Additionally, EPSwk exhibited excellent emulsifying properties, film-forming ability, a low photodegradation rate (3.8%), and good mucoadhesive properties (adhesion Fmax of 1.065 N). EPSwk presented cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this study expand the potential application of the exopolysaccharide from water kefir as a potential clean-label raw material for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa de Alencar Lucena
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
| | - Igor Frederico da Silveira Ramos
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
| | - Maurycyo Silva Geronço
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
| | - Ricardo de Araújo
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
| | | | - Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues da Silva
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal;
| | - Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (R.W.R.d.S.); (P.M.P.F.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (R.W.R.d.S.); (P.M.P.F.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil;
| | - Josy Anteveli Osajima
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
| | - Edson Cavalcanti Silva-Filho
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
| | - Márcia dos Santos Rizzo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil;
| | - Alessandra Braga Ribeiro
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcilia Pinheiro da Costa
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil; (M.d.A.L.); (I.F.d.S.R.); (M.S.G.); (R.d.A.); (J.A.O.); (E.C.S.-F.); (M.P.d.C.)
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil;
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27
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Niknezhad SV, Kianpour S, Jafarzadeh S, Alishahi M, Najafpour Darzi G, Morowvat MH, Ghasemi Y, Shavandi A. Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide from waste molasses using Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH: a kinetic and optimization study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10128. [PMID: 35710936 PMCID: PMC9203581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH produces an exopolysaccharide (EPS) named Pantoan through using sugar beet molasses (SBM) as an inexpensive and widely available carbon source. This study aims to investigate the kinetics and optimization of the Pantoan biosynthesis using Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH in submerged culture. During kinetics studies, the logistic model and Luedeking-Piret equation are precisely fit with the obtained experimental data. The response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) method is applied to evaluate the effects of four factors (SBM, peptone, Na2HPO4, and Triton X-100) on the concentration of Pantoan in batch culture of Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH. The experimental and predicted maximum Pantoan production yields are found 9.9 ± 0.5 and 10.30 g/L, respectively, and the best prediction factor concentrations are achieved at 31.5 g/L SBM, 2.73 g/L peptone, 3 g/L Na2HPO4, and 0.32 g/L Triton X-100 after 48 h of submerged culture fermentation, at 30 °C. The functional groups and major monosaccharides (glucose and galactose) of a purified Pantoan are described and confirmed by 1HNMR and FTIR. The produced Pantoan is also characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and the rheological properties of the biopolymer are investigated. The present work guides the design and optimization of the Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH culture media, to be fine-tuned and applied to invaluable EPS, which can be applicable in food and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71987-54361, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kianpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Jafarzadeh
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Alishahi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71987-54361, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter Unit, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Carrero‐Puentes S, Fuenmayor C, Jiménez‐Pérez C, Guzmán‐Rodríguez F, Gómez‐Ruiz L, Rodríguez‐Serrano G, Alatorre‐Santamaría S, García‐Garibay M, Cruz‐Guerrero A. Development and characterization of an exopolysaccharide‐functionalized acid whey cheese (requesón) using
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
ssp.
bulgaricus. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carrero‐Puentes
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia
| | - Carlos Fuenmayor
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia
| | - Carlos Jiménez‐Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Gómez‐Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
| | | | | | - Mariano García‐Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Lerma Mexico City Mexico
| | - Alma Cruz‐Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
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29
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Erginkaya Z, Konuray-Altun G. Potential biotherapeutic properties of lactic acid bacteria in foods. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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de Morais JL, Garcia EF, Viera VB, Silva Pontes ED, de Araújo MGG, de Figueirêdo RMF, Dos Santos Moreira I, do Egito AS, Dos Santos KMO, Barbosa Soares JK, do Egypto Queiroga RDCR, de Oliveira MEG. Autochthonous adjunct culture of Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007 improved the techno-functional, physicochemical, and sensory properties of goat milk Greek-style yogurt. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1889-1899. [PMID: 34998541 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007 as an autochthonous adjunct culture in the production of goat milk Greek-style yogurt. The techno-functional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of the control yogurt (containing only starter culture, CY) and the probiotic yogurt (with the probiotic strain added, PY) were assessed during 28 d of refrigerated storage. Furthermore, we determined the survival of the strain throughout the gastrointestinal tract under simulated conditions. The PY yogurt had a lower extent of proteolysis index and a higher depth of proteolysis index. These results indicate that the proteolytic enzymes of L. mucosae may have a possible action in PY. The PY formulation exhibited viscosity almost 1.5 times as high as CY over the refrigeration period, probably due to higher production of exopolysaccharides by the probiotic strain, which directly interferes with the microstructure, texture, and viscosity of the product. The PY formulation received higher scores for color, flavor, and global acceptance at 1 d of storage and higher texture scores at 28 d. The counts of L. mucosae remained high (>7 log cfu/g and >8.5 log cfu/g) throughout mouth-ileum digestion and storage, respectively, in PY. The autochthonous adjunct culture of L. mucosae CNPC007 can be used for production of a novel potentially probiotic goat yogurt without negatively affecting the general characteristics of the product quality, adding value associated with maintaining its functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lima de Morais
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Gastronomy, Center for Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraíba, 58058-600, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Education and Health Centre, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58175-000, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Edson Douglas Silva Pontes
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Education and Health Centre, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58175-000, Cuité, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo
- Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products, Center of Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Inácia Dos Santos Moreira
- Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products, Center of Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Education and Health Centre, Federal University of Campina Grande, 58175-000, Cuité, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Elieidy Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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31
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Kheyrandish S, Rastgar A, Hamidi M, Sajjadi SM, Sarab GA. Evaluation of anti-tumor effect of the exopolysaccharide from new cold-adapted yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16 on chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell line. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:21-28. [PMID: 35217074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the development and application of fungal exopolysaccharides (EPS) as natural biopolymers are on the rise. The present study is based on the investigation of possible antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of EPS from the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16 on BCR-ABL positive cells (K562). The cytotoxicity, colony formation assays lactate and dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were performed to assess the possible cancer cell death. To elucidate the underlying antiproliferative mechanism of the EPS, cell cycle analysis following real-time PCR (gene expression assessment) were evaluated. The results indicated that, the EPS with an IC50 dose of 1500 μg/ml, reduced the viability of K562 cells without having toxic effects on normal cells as well as decrease in size and number of colonies in EPS-treated group (p < 0.0001). The increase of LDH was 2.75 times more than the control (p < 0.0001). Gene expression revealed up- and down-regulation of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes in EPS group compared with the control. Moreover, the DPPH scavenging activity of the EPS in treated cells was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.0001). Taken together, we concluded that the EPS from GUMS16 strain is able to inhibit the growth of K562 cells besides having antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setare Kheyrandish
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rastgar
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; BioMatter-Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Anani Sarab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Claus-Desbonnet H, Nikly E, Nalbantova V, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanova S, Pierre G, Benbassat N, Katsarov P, Michaud P, Lukova P, Delattre C. Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules. Viruses 2022; 14:426. [PMID: 35216019 PMCID: PMC8879384 DOI: 10.3390/v14020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that our scientific resources and the medical community are not sufficiently developed to combat rapid viral spread all over the world. A number of viruses causing epidemics have already disseminated across the world in the last few years, such as the dengue or chinkungunya virus, the Ebola virus, and other coronavirus families such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The outbreaks of these infectious diseases have demonstrated the difficulty of treating an epidemic before the creation of vaccine. Different antiviral drugs already exist. However, several of them cause side effects or have lost their efficiency because of virus mutations. It is essential to develop new antiviral strategies, but ones that rely on more natural compounds to decrease the secondary effects. Polysaccharides, which have come to be known in recent years for their medicinal properties, including antiviral activities, are an excellent alternative. They are essential for the metabolism of plants, microorganisms, and animals, and are directly extractible. Polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention due to their therapeutic properties, low toxicity, and availability, and seem to be attractive candidates as antiviral drugs of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Elsa Nikly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Vanya Nalbantova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Niko Benbassat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Elhami V, Antunes EC, Temmink H, Schuur B. Recovery Techniques Enabling Circular Chemistry from Wastewater. Molecules 2022; 27:1389. [PMID: 35209179 PMCID: PMC8877087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where it becomes less and less accepted to just send waste to landfills and release wastewater into the environment without treatment, numerous initiatives are pursued to facilitate chemical production from waste. This includes microbial conversions of waste in digesters, and with this type of approach, a variety of chemicals can be produced. Typical for digestion systems is that the products are present only in (very) dilute amounts. For such productions to be technically and economically interesting to pursue, it is of key importance that effective product recovery strategies are being developed. In this review, we focus on the recovery of biologically produced carboxylic acids, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs), medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LCDAs) being directly produced by microorganisms, and indirectly produced unsaturated short-chain acids (USCA), as well as polymers. Key recovery techniques for carboxylic acids in solution include liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, and membrane separations. The route toward USCA is discussed, including their production by thermal treatment of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers and the downstream separations. Polymers included in this review are extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Strategies for fractionation of the different fractions of EPS are discussed, aiming at the valorization of both polysaccharides and proteins. It is concluded that several separation strategies have the potential to further develop the wastewater valorization chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Elhami
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Process and Catalysis Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (V.E.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Evelyn C. Antunes
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Process and Catalysis Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (V.E.); (E.C.A.)
- Wetsus—European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus—European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boelo Schuur
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Process and Catalysis Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (V.E.); (E.C.A.)
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Basiri S. Applications of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in the Food Industry. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2021.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high molecular weight polysaccharides secreted by microorganisms in the surrounding environment. In addition to the favorable benefits of these compounds for microorganisms, including microbial cell protection, they are used in various food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Investigating the functional and health-promoting characteristics of microbial EPS, identifying the isolation method of these valuable compounds, and their applications in the food industry are the objectives of this study. EPS are used in food industries as thickeners, gelling agents, viscosifiers, and film formers. The antioxidative, anticancer, prebiotic, and cholesterol-lowering effects of some of these compounds make it possible to use them in functional food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Basiri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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35
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Samuel MS, Datta S, Chandrasekar N, Balaji R, Selvarajan E, Vuppala S. Biogenic Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Enterococcus faecalis: Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3290. [PMID: 34947639 PMCID: PMC8705913 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is emerging as a potential method for nanoparticle synthesis due to its non-toxicity and simplicity. In the present study, a bacterium resistant to heavy metals was isolated from a metal-contaminated site and we aimed to report the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via co-precipitation using bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from Enterococcus faecalis_RMSN6 strains. A three-variable Box-Behnken design was used for determining the optimal conditions of the Fe3O4 NPs synthesis process. The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs were thoroughly characterized through multiple analytical techniques such as XRD, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and finally SEM analysis to understand the surface morphology. Fe3O4 NPs were then probed for the Cr(VI) ion adsorption studies. The important parameters such as optimization of initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions, effects of contact time, pH of the solution and contact time on quantity of Cr(VI) adsorbed were studied in detail. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanoparticles was found to be 98.03 mg/g. The nanoparticles could retain up to 73% of their efficiency of chromium removal for up to 5 cycles. Additionally, prepared Fe3O4 NPs in the concentration were subjected to cytotoxicity studies using an MTT assay. The investigations using Fe3O4 NPs displayed a substantial dose-dependent effect on the A594 cells. The research elucidates that the Fe3O4 NPs synthesized from EPS of E. faecalis_RMSN6 can be used for the removal of heavy metal contaminants from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin S. Samuel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 21302, West Bengal, India;
| | - Saptashwa Datta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Narendhar Chandrasekar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641022, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Ethiraj Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Srikanth Vuppala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 3220133 Milan, Italy
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36
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Chen Z, Ni D, Cheng M, Zhu Y, Mu W. Comparative study of physicochemical properties of dextran and reuteran synthesised by two glucansucrases that are highly similar in amino acid sequence. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 China
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37
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Cao F, Liang M, Liu J, Liu Y, Renye JA, Qi PX, Ren D. Characterization of an exopolysaccharide (EPS-3A) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus ZJUIDS-2-01 isolated from traditional yak yogurt. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1331-1343. [PMID: 34673108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yak yogurt, one of the naturally fermented dairy products prepared by local herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, contains a diverse array of microorganisms. We isolated and identified a novel Streptococcus thermophilus strain, ZJUIDS-2-01, from the traditional yak yogurt. We further purified and carried out detailed structural, physiochemical, and bioactivity studies of an exopolysaccharide (EPS-3A) produced by S. thermophilus ZJUIDS-2-01. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of EPS-3A was estimated to be 1.38 × 106 Da by High-Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC). The monosaccharide analysis established its composition to be glucose, galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and rhamnose in a ratio of 5.2:2.5:6.4:1.0. The molecular structure of EPS-3A was determined by the combination of permethylation analysis, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The ζ-potential measurements indicated that EPS-3A had a pKa value of ~4.40. The DSC yielded a melting point (Tm) of 80.4 °C and enthalpy change (ΔH) of 578 J/g for EPS-3A, comparable to those of the xanthan gum (XG), a commercial EPS. EPS-3A exhibited better O/W emulsion stability and flocculating capacity than XG. Furthermore, it also demonstrated similar antioxidant activity to XG and promising in vitro antibacterial properties. This work evidenced that EPS-3A derived from S. thermophilus ZJUIDS-2-01 holds the potential for food and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiwei Cao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - John A Renye
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Phoebe X Qi
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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38
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Islamov B, Petrova O, Mikshina P, Kadyirov A, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. The Role of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Exopolysaccharides in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12781. [PMID: 34884586 PMCID: PMC8657720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), one of the members of the soft rot Pectobacteriaceae, forms biofilm-like structures known as bacterial emboli when colonizing the primary xylem vessels of the host plants. The initial extracellular matrix of the bacterial emboli is composed of the host plant's pectic polysaccharides, which are gradually substituted by the Pba-produced exopolysaccharides (Pba EPS) as the bacterial emboli "mature". No information about the properties of Pba EPS and their possible roles in Pba-plant interactions has so far been obtained. We have shown that Pba EPS possess physical properties that can promote the maintenance of the structural integrity of bacterial emboli. These polymers increase the viscosity of liquids and form large supramolecular aggregates. The formation of Pba EPS aggregates is provided (at least partly) by the acetyl groups of the Pba EPS molecules. Besides, Pba EPS scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of which is known to be associated with the formation of bacterial emboli. In addition, Pba EPS act as suppressors of the quantitative immunity of plants, repressing PAMP-induced reactions; this property is partly lost in the deacetylated form of Pba EPS. Overall, our study shows that Pba EPS play structural, protective, and immunosuppressive roles during Pba-plant interactions and thus should be considered as virulence factors of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Aidar Kadyirov
- Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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Lu H, Liu S, Zhang S, Chen Q. Light Irradiation Coupled with Exogenous Metal Ions to Enhance Exopolysaccharide Synthesis from Agaricus sinodeliciosus ZJU-TP-08 in Liquid Fermentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110992. [PMID: 34829279 PMCID: PMC8618256 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote Agaricus sinodeliciosus var. Chaidam ZJU-TP-08 growth and metabolites accumulation, a novel integrated strategy was developed by adopting high levels of metal ions coupled with light treatment. The results revealed that yellow and blue light could significantly promote biomass and exopolysaccharides production, respectively. Furthermore, the yellow–blue light shift strategy could stimulate exopolysaccharides formation. Ca2+ ions coupled with blue light mostly promoted exopolysaccharides production related to oxidative stress, which was 42.00% and 58.26% higher than that of Ca2+ ions coupled with the non-light and dark cultivation without Ca2+ ions in 5-L bioreactor. RNA-seq was performed to uncover the underlined molecular mechanism regulated by light-induced gene expressions in exopolysaccharides biosynthesis and oxidative stress. The findings of this work provide valuable insights into adopting metal ions coupled with the light-assisted method for the macrofungus submerged fermentation for exopolysaccharides production.
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40
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Carvalho DN, Reis RL, Silva TH. Marine origin materials on biomaterials and advanced therapies to cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6718-6736. [PMID: 34494053 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The body's self-repair capacity is limited, including injuries on articular cartilage zones. Over the past few decades, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has focused its studies on the development of natural biomaterials for clinical applications aiming to overcome this self-therapeutic bottleneck. This review focuses on the development of these biomaterials using compounds and materials from marine sources that are able to be produced in a sustainable way, as an alternative to mammal sources (e.g., collagens) and benefiting from their biological properties, such as biocompatibility, low antigenicity, biodegradability, among others. The structure and composition of the new biomaterials require mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage tissue. To design an ideal temporary tissue-scaffold, it needs to provide a suitable environment for cell growth (cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation), towards the regeneration of the damaged tissues. Overall, the purpose of this review is to summarize various marine sources to be used in the development of different tissue-scaffolds with the capability to sustain cells envisaging cartilage tissue engineering, analysing the systems displaying more promising performance, while pointing out current limitations and steps to be given in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Nuno Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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41
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Bacterial Extracellular Polymers: A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotic microbial cells especially bacteria are highly emphases for their exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. EPS are the higher molecular weight natural extracellular compounds observe at the surface of the bacterial cells. Nowadays bacterial EPS represent rapidly emerging as new and industrially important biomaterials because it having tremendous physical and chemical properties with novel functionality. Due to its industrial demand as well as research studies the different extraction processes have been discovered to remove the EPS from the microbial biofilm. The novelties of EPS are also based on the microbial habitat conditions such as higher temperature, lower temperature, acidic, alkaliphilic, saline, etc. Based on its chemical structure they can be homopolysaccharide or heteropolysaccharide. EPSs have a wide range of applications in various industries such as food, textile, pharmaceutical, heavy metal recovery, agriculture, etc. So, this review focus on the understanding of the structure, different extraction processes, biosynthesis and genetic engineering of EPS as well as their desirable biotechnological applications.
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42
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Gangalla R, Gattu S, Palaniappan S, Ahamed M, Macha B, Thampu RK, Fais A, Cincotti A, Gatto G, Dama M, Kumar A. Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172842. [PMID: 34502882 PMCID: PMC8434388 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer's activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produced by B. amyloliquefaciens RK3 was purified, and the yield was estimated to be 10.35 gL-1. Following purification, the polysaccharide was structurally and chemically analysed. The structural analysis revealed the polysaccharide consists of α-d-mannopyranose (α-d-Manp) and β-d-galactopyranose (β-d-Galp) monosaccharide units connected through glycosidic linkages (i.e., β-d-Galp(1→6)β-d-Galp (1→6)β-d-Galp(1→2)β-d-Galp(1→2)[β-d-Galp(1→6)]β-d-Galp(1→2)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp (1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging of polysaccharides emphasise their compactness and branching in the usual tubular heteropolysaccharide structure. The purified exopolysaccharide significantly impacted the plaques formed by the amyloid proteins during Alzheimer's disease. Further, the results also highlighted the potential applicability of exopolysaccharide in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gangalla
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
| | - Sampath Gattu
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India;
| | - Sivasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Baswaraju Macha
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
| | - Raja Komuraiah Thampu
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Cincotti
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Gatto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Murali Dama
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (A.K.)
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Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of exopolysaccharide from Enterococcus strains isolated from traditional Iranian Kishk. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Moradi M, Guimarães JT, Sahin S. Current applications of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria in the development of food active edible packaging. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Syahputra G, Gustini N, Bustanussalam B, Hapsari Y, Sari M, Ardiansyah A, Bayu A, Putra MY. Molecular docking of secondary metabolites from Indonesian marine and terrestrial organisms targeting SARS-CoV-2 ACE-2, M pro, and PL pro receptors. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e68432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the uncontrolled spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), development and distribution of antiviral drugs and vaccines have gained tremendous importance. This study focused on two viral proteases namely main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2) to identify which of these are essential for viral replication. We screened 102 secondary metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 isolated from 36 terrestrial plants and 36 marine organisms from Indonesian biodiversity. These organisms are typically presumed to have antiviral effects, and some of them have been used as an immunomodulatory activity in traditional medicine. For the molecular docking procedure to obtain Gibbs free energy value (∆G), toxicity, ADME and Lipinski, AutoDock Vina was used. In this study, five secondary metabolites, namely corilagin, dieckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A, proanthocyanidins, and isovitexin, were found to inhibit ACE-2, Mpro, and PLpro receptors in SARS-CoV-2, with a high affinity to the same sites of ptilidepsin, remdesivir, and chloroquine as the control molecules. This study was delimited to molecular docking without any validation by simulations concerned with molecular dynamics. The interactions with two viral proteases and human ACE-2 may play a key role in developing antiviral drugs for five active compounds. In future, we intend to investigate antiviral drugs and the mechanisms of action by in vitro study.
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Carvalho LT, Vieira TA, Zhao Y, Celli A, Medeiros SF, Lacerda TM. Recent advances in the production of biomedical systems based on polyhydroxyalkanoates and exopolysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1514-1539. [PMID: 33989687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, growing attention has been devoted to naturally occurring biological macromolecules and their ensuing application in agriculture, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. They inherently have antigenicity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility and cytocompatibility, which are ideal properties for the design of biomedical devices, especially for the controlled delivery of active ingredients in the most diverse contexts. Furthermore, these properties can be modulated by chemical modification via the incorporation of other (macro)molecules in a random or controlled way, aiming at improving their functionality for each specific application. Among the wide variety of natural polymers, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) are often considered for the development of original biomaterials due to their unique physicochemical and biological features. Here, we aim to fullfil a gap on the present associated literature, bringing an up-to-date overview of ongoing research strategies that make use of PHAs (poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly (3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(3-hydroxypropionate), poly (3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate), and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)) and EPS (bacterial cellulose, alginates, curdlan, pullulan, xanthan gum, dextran, hyaluronan, and schizophyllan) as sources of interesting and versatile biomaterials. For the first time, a monograph addressing the properties, pros and cons, status, challenges, and recent progresses regarding the application of these two important classes of biopolymers in biomedicine is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layde T Carvalho
- Biotechnology Department, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Vieira
- Biotechnology Department, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery 449 and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone F Medeiros
- Biotechnology Department, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Talita M Lacerda
- Biotechnology Department, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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47
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Selenium-Containing Polysaccharides—Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Chemical Modifications and Biological Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenosugars are a group of sugar derivatives of great structural diversity (e.g., molar masses, selenium oxidation state, and selenium binding), obtained as a result of biosynthesis, chemical modification of natural compounds, or chemical synthesis. Seleno-monosaccharides and disaccharides are known to be non-toxic products of the natural metabolism of selenium compounds in mammals. In the case of the selenium-containing polysaccharides of natural origin, their formation is also postulated as a form of detoxification of excess selenium in microorganisms, mushroom, and plants. The valency of selenium in selenium-containing polysaccharides can be: 0 (encapsulated nano-selenium), IV (selenites of polysaccharides), or II (selenoglycosides or selenium built into the sugar ring to replace oxygen). The great interest in Se-polysaccharides results from the expected synergy between selenium and polysaccharides. Several plant- and mushroom-derived polysaccharides are potent macromolecules with antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and other biological properties. Selenium, a trace element of fundamental importance to human health, has been shown to possess several analogous functions. The mechanism by which selenium exerts anticancer and immunomodulatory activity differs from that of polysaccharide fractions, but a similar pharmacological effect suggests a possible synergy of these two agents. Various functions of Se-polysaccharides have been explored, including antitumor, immune-enhancement, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Due to being non-toxic or much less toxic than inorganic selenium compounds, Se-polysaccharides are potential dietary supplements that could be used, e.g., in chemoprevention.
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Luft L, Confortin TC, Todero I, Neto JRC, Tonato D, Felimberti PZ, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. Different techniques for concentration of extracellular biopolymers with herbicidal activity produced by Phoma sp. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1392-1401. [PMID: 31526308 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1669720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural ability of microorganisms to secrete high levels of bioactive compounds make them attractive hosts for producing novel compounds. Microbial biopolymers have potential applications in most of the sectors of the world economy. According to the physicochemical properties, they present some advantages, such as biodegradability, reproducibility, and stability. Based on this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate different methods for concentration and characterisation of extracellular biopolymers produced by Phoma sp. Extracellular biopolymers were produced by submerged fermentation and were concentrated by hollow fibre membranes and by adsorption. The structural characterisation of purified biopolymers was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Phytotoxic effects were assessed through absorption assays in detached leaves of Cucumis sativus and evaluated on the seventh day after application. The surface tension was evaluated for each sample. Hollow-fibre microfiltration membrane presented a higher purification factor than hollow-fibre ultrafiltration membrane. Extracellular biopolymers were identified in the permeate and retentate fractions, but in higher concentration in the retentate fractions. The adsorption process was efficient for recovering more than 88% of extracellular biopolymers from cell-free fermented broth. The best performance was obtained by using silica and activated carbon as adsorbent, with a recovery higher than 93%. The herbicidal activity was proportional to the concentration of biopolymers and the results are very promising for future applications because a concentrated solution of biopolymers can increase weed control. Membrane processes can be used to develop a liquid formulation of bioherbicide, whereas adsorption can be used to develop a solid formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Luft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tássia C Confortin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Tonato
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pietra Z Felimberti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul - RS, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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49
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Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: Techno-functional application in the food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Kant Bhatia S, Gurav R, Choi YK, Choi TR, Kim HJ, Song HS, Mi Lee S, Lee Park S, Soo Lee H, Kim YG, Ahn J, Yang YH. Bioprospecting of exopolysaccharide from marine Sphingobium yanoikuyae BBL01: Production, characterization, and metal chelation activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124674. [PMID: 33445012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacterial strain was isolated from the Eastern Sea (Sokcho Beach) of South Korea and identified as Sphingobium yanoikuyae BBL01. Media optimization was performed using response surface design, and a yield of 2.63 ± 0.02 g/L EPS was achieved. Purified EPS produced using lactose as the main carbon source was analyzed by GC-MS and found to be composed of α-D-xylopyranose (28.6 ± 2.0%), β-D-glucopyranose (21.0 ± 1.6%), α-D-mannopyranose (18.5 ± 1.2%), β-d-mannopyranose (13.1 ± 1.4%), β-D-xylopyranose (10.2 ± 2.1%), α-d-talopyranose (5.9 ± 1.1%), and β-d-galacturonic acid (2.43 ± 0.8%). Interestingly, different carbon sources (glucose, galactose, glycerol, lactose, sucrose, and xylose) showed no effect on EPS monomer composition, with a slight change in the mass percentage of various monosaccharides. Purified EPS was stable up to 233 °C, indicating its possible suitability as a thickening and gelling agent for food-related applications. EPS also showed considerable emulsifying, flocculating, free-radical scavenging, and metal-complexion activity, suggesting various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, 06978 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungoh Ahn
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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