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Jeong BJ, Jiang F, Sung JY, Jung SP, Oh DW, Gnanamuthu RM, Vediappan K, Lee CW. Biomass-Derived Carbon Utilization for Electrochemical Energy Enhancement in Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:999. [PMID: 38921875 PMCID: PMC11206735 DOI: 10.3390/nano14120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cathodes made of LiFePO4 (LFP) offer numerous benefits including being non-toxic, eco-friendly, and affordable. The distinctive olivine structure of LFP cathodes contributes to their electrochemical stability. Nonetheless, this structure is also the cause of their low ionic and electronic conductivity. To enhance these limitations, an uncomplicated approach has been effectively employed. A straightforward solid-state synthesis technique is used to apply a coating of biomass from potato peels to the LFP cathode, boosting its electrochemical capabilities. Potato peels contain pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen, which are conducive to ionic and electronic movement and facilitate pathways for lithium-ion and electron transfer, thus elevating electrochemical performance. When coated with nitrogen-doped carbon derived from potato peel biomass (PPNC@LFP), the LFP cathode demonstrates an improved discharge capacity of 150.39 mAh g-1 at a 0.1 C-rate and 112.83 mAh g-1 at a 1.0 C-rate, in contrast to the uncoated LFP which shows capacities of 141.34 mAh g-1 and 97.72 mAh g-1 at the same rates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Jin Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (B.J.J.); (F.J.); (J.Y.S.); (S.P.J.); (D.W.O.)
- Center for the SMART Energy Platform, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (B.J.J.); (F.J.); (J.Y.S.); (S.P.J.); (D.W.O.)
- Center for the SMART Energy Platform, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (B.J.J.); (F.J.); (J.Y.S.); (S.P.J.); (D.W.O.)
| | - Soon Phil Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (B.J.J.); (F.J.); (J.Y.S.); (S.P.J.); (D.W.O.)
| | - Dae Won Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (B.J.J.); (F.J.); (J.Y.S.); (S.P.J.); (D.W.O.)
| | - RM. Gnanamuthu
- Centre for Nonlinear System, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 069, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kumaran Vediappan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; (B.J.J.); (F.J.); (J.Y.S.); (S.P.J.); (D.W.O.)
- Center for the SMART Energy Platform, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Bose S, Pal D, Ariya PA. On the Role of Starchy Grains in Ice Nucleation Processes. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 4:1039-1051. [PMID: 38779384 PMCID: PMC11106773 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of starchy food on climate change processes like ice nucleation. Here, we investigate the ice nucleation efficiency (INE) of eight different starchy food materials, namely, corn (CO), potato (PO), barley (BA), brown rice (BR), white rice (WR), oats (OA), wheat (WH), and sweet potato (SP), in immersion freezing mode under mixed-phase cloud conditions. Notably, among all these food materials, PO and BA exhibit the highest ice nucleation efficiency with ice nucleation temperatures as high as -4.3 °C (T50 ∼ -7.0 ± 0.5 °C) and -6.5 °C (T50 ∼ -7.2 ± 0.2 °C), respectively. We also explore the effect of environmentally relevant physicochemical conditions on ice nucleation efficiency, including different pH, temperature, UV/O3/NOx exposure, and various cocontaminants. The change in shape, size, surface properties, hydrophobicity, and crystallinity of materials accounted for the altered INE. The increase in shape, size, and hydrophobicity of the sample generally reduces the INE, whereas an increase in crystallinity enhances the INE of the sample under our experimental conditions. The results suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations slightly alter INE, indicating their role as catalysts in environmental matrices. The outcome of studies on the ice nucleation properties of these food-containing aerosols might help in the physicochemical understanding of other biomolecule-induced ice nucleation, which is still an underdeveloped research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bose
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Devendra Pal
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Parisa A. Ariya
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department
of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
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3
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Mulder PP, Mueller-Maatsch JT, Meijer N, Bosch M, Zoet L, Van Der Fels-Klerx H. Effects of dietary exposure to plant toxins on bioaccumulation, survival, and growth of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) larvae and lesser mealworm ( Alphitobius diaperinus). Heliyon 2024; 10:e26523. [PMID: 38404897 PMCID: PMC10884485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In their natural habitat, insects may bioaccumulate toxins from plants for defence against predators. When insects are accidently raised on feed that is contaminated with toxins from co-harvested herbs, this may pose a health risk when used for human or animal consumption. Plant toxins of particular relevance are the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are genotoxic carcinogens produced by a wide variety of plant species and the tropane alkaloids (TAs) which are produced by a number of Solanaceae species. This study aimed to investigate the transfer of these plant toxins from substrates to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and lesser mealworm (LMW). PAs and the TAs atropine and scopolamine were added to insect substrate simulating the presence of different PA- or TA-containing herbs, and BSFL and LMW were grown on these substrates. Bioaccumulation from substrate to insects varied widely among the different plant toxins. Highest bioaccumulation was observed for the PAs europine, rinderine and echinatine. For most PAs and for atropine and scopolamine, bioaccumulation was very low. In the substrate, PA N-oxides were quickly converted to the corresponding tertiary amines. More research is needed to verify the findings of this study at larger scale, and to determine the potential role of the insect and/or substrate microbiome in metabolizing these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P.J. Mulder
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith T.L. Mueller-Maatsch
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan Meijer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlou Bosch
- Ynsect NL (formerly Protifarm), Harderwijkerweg 141a, 3852 AB Ermelo, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Zoet
- Bestico, Industrieweg 6, 2651 BE Berkel en Rodenrijs, the Netherlands
| | - H.J. Van Der Fels-Klerx
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Tiţa O, Constantinescu MA, Tiţa MA, Bătuşaru C, Mironescu I. Sensory, textural, physico-chemical and enzymatic characterization of melted cheese with added potato and carrot peels. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1260076. [PMID: 38268668 PMCID: PMC10807040 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1260076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Food waste is one of the biggest societal problems in the globe due to its detrimental consequences on the environment. According to estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organization, this comes to about 1.3 billion tonnes per year. The current study aims to produce sustainable food products with high nutritional value by incorporating food waste. For the extraction of economically relevant products such as dietary fibers, biopolymers, natural antioxidants, and food additives, potato and carrot peel represent an inexpensive, valuable, and conveniently available resource. Cheese is a functional dairy product that people eat for its high nutritional content, which aids in the treatment of conditions including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and digestive problems in addition to giving them energy. Thus a control sample and 10 samples of melted cheese with various amounts of potato and carrot peelings were prepared. To explore the nutritional value of potato and carrot peels in melted cheese, an analysis was conducted on the fluctuation of physicochemical (acidity, pH, dry matter, water activity, and salt content) and enzymatic (L-lactic acid, lactose, D-glucose, and D-galactose) parameters. Consumer acceptability of the products was assessed by textural and sensory analysis. During the whole storage period, the samples of melted cheese with potato and carrot peels recorded higher values than the control sample, the results obtained for them being better. Samples with added potato or carrot wastes were more stable over time, as compared to control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Tiţa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Adriana Tiţa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | | | - Ion Mironescu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
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5
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Mushtaq Q, Joly N, Martin P, Qazi JI. Optimization of Alkali Treatment for Production of Fermentable Sugars and Phenolic Compounds from Potato Peel Waste Using Topographical Characterization and FTIR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:7250. [PMID: 37959670 PMCID: PMC10648272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato peel waste (PPW) was utilized as a bio-template for the production of valuable compounds such as reducing sugars (RS), total sugar (TS) and total phenolic compounds (TPC). Two methods of alkali treatments, i.e., chemical (NaOH) and thermochemical (NaOH assisted with autoclaving) processes, were employed for the deconstruction of PPW. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of alkali concentration (0.6-1.0 w/v), substrate concentration (5-15 g) and time (4-8 h) on the extraction of RS, TS and TP from PPW. The application of alkali plus steam treatment in Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three levels yielded the optimum releases of RS, TS and TP as 7.163, 28.971 and 4.064 mg/mL, respectively, corresponding to 10% substrate loading, in 0.6% NaOH for 8 h. However, the alkali treatment reported optimum extractions of RS, TS and TP as 4.061, 17.432 and 2.993 mg/mL, respectively. The thermochemical pretreatment was proven a beneficial process as it led to higher productions of TP. FTIR and SEM were used to analyze the deterioration levels of the substrate. The present work was used to explore the sustainable management of PPW, which is a highly neglected substrate bioresource but is excessively dumped in open environment, raising environmental concerns. The cost-effective methods for the breakdown of PPW starch into fermentable sugars might be utilized to extract valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Mushtaq
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Nicolas Joly
- University Artois, Unilasalle, ULR7519—Unité Transformations & Agro-Ressources, F-62408 Béthune, France;
| | - Patrick Martin
- University Artois, Unilasalle, ULR7519—Unité Transformations & Agro-Ressources, F-62408 Béthune, France;
| | - Javed Iqbal Qazi
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
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Ozer Uyar GE, Uyar B. Potato peel waste fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae to produce lactic acid and ethanol. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5908-5917. [PMID: 37823114 PMCID: PMC10563687 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato peel waste (PPW), a zero-value by-product generated from potato processing, is a promising fermentation substrate due to its large quantity of starch, nonstarch polysaccharides, lignin, protein, and lipid. Rhizopus oryzae is a filamentous fungus that is mainly known as a lactic acid producer and can ferment various agro-wastes. This study aimed to use R. oryzae for the fermentation of PPW. A series of batch fermentations were conducted to investigate the effects of different PPW loading rates (2%-8%) and particle sizes (0-4 mm). Under an initial PPW loading rate of 8% and particle size of 1-2 mm, the maximum ethanol (18.83 g/L) and lactic acid (3.14 g/L) concentrations, the highest ethanol (9.41 g/L·day) and lactic acid (1.89 g/L·day) average production rates were obtained. Under these conditions, the yield of ethanol and lactic acid was 0.235 g/gPPW and 0.039 g/gPPW, respectively. R. oryzae was shown to utilize PPW as a substrate to produce value-added bioproducts such as ethanol (major product) and lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basar Uyar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKocaeli UniversityKocaeliTurkey
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7
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Grillo G, Tabasso S, Capaldi G, Radosevic K, Radojčić-Redovniković I, Gunjević V, Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G. Food-Waste Valorisation: Synergistic Effects of Enabling Technologies and Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Bioactives from Violet Potato Peels. Foods 2023; 12:2214. [PMID: 37297459 PMCID: PMC10252353 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of valuable bioactive compounds from the main underutilised by-products of the food industry is one of the greatest challenges to be addressed in circular economy. Potato peels are the largest waste generated during potato processing. However, they could be a potential source of valuable bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that can be reused as natural antioxidants. Currently, environmentally benign enabling technologies and new types of non-toxic organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds may dramatically improve the sustainability of these processes. This paper focuses on the potential inherent in the valorisation of violet potato peels (VPPs) by recovering antioxidants using natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) under ultrasound (US)- and microwave (MW)-assisted extraction. Both the enabling technologies provided performances that were superior to those of conventional extractions in terms of antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. In particular, the most promising approach using NaDES is proven to be the acoustic cavitation with a Trolox eq. of 1874.0 mmolTE/gExtr (40 °C, 500 W, 30 min), vs. the 510.1 mmolTE/gExtr of hydroalcoholic extraction (80 °C, 4 h). The shelf-life of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts have been assessed over a period of 24 months, and found that NaDES granted a 5.6-fold shelf-life extension. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts was evaluated in vitro using the MTS assay on human tumour Caco-2 cells and normal human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). In particular, NaDES-VPPs extracts exhibited a significantly more pronounced antiproliferative activity compared to the ethanolic extracts without a noteworthy difference between effects on the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Capaldi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Kristina Radosevic
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Ivana Radojčić-Redovniković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Veronika Gunjević
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
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Vilakazi SP, Muchaonyerwa P, Buthelezi-Dube NN. Characteristics and liming potential of biochar types from potato waste and pine-bark. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282011. [PMID: 36802405 PMCID: PMC9943015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amount of wastes are burnt or left to decompose on site or at landfills where they cause air pollution and nutrient leaching to groundwater. Waste management strategies that return these food wastes to agricultural soils recover the carbon and nutrients that would otherwise have been lost, enrich soils and improve crop productivity. This study characterised biochar produced by pyrolysis of potato peels (PP), cull potato (CP) and pine bark (PB) at 350 and 650°C. The biochar types were analysed for pH, phosphorus (P) and other elemental composition. Proximate analysis was done following ASTM standard 1762-84, while surface functional groups and external morphology characteristics were determined using FTIR and SEM; respectively. Pine bark biochar had higher yield and fixed carbon (FC), and lower ash content and volatile matter than biochar types from potato wastes. The liming potential of CP 650°C is greater than that of PB biochars. Biochar types from potato waste had more functional groups even at high pyrolysis temperature relative to pine bark. Potato waste biochars showed an increase in pH, calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), K and P content with increasing pyrolysis temperature. These findings imply that biochar from potato waste may be valuable for soil C storage, remediating acidity and increasing availability of nutrients especially K and P in acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samukelisiwe P. Vilakazi
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Pardon Muchaonyerwa
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Nkosinomusa N. Buthelezi-Dube
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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The ‘Edge Effect’ Phenomenon in Plants: Morphological, Biochemical and Mineral Characteristics of Border Tissues. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ‘edge’ effect is considered one of the fundamental ecological phenomena essential for maintaining ecosystem integrity. The properties of plant outer tissues (root, tuber, bulb and fruit peel, tree and shrub bark, leaf and stem trichomes) mimic to a great extent the ‘edge’ effect properties of different ecosystems, which suggests the possibility of the ‘edge’ effect being applicable to individual plant organisms. The most important characteristics of plant border tissues are intensive oxidant stress, high variability and biodiversity of protection mechanisms and high adsorption capacity. Wide variations in morphological, biochemical and mineral components of border tissues play an important role in the characteristics of plant adaptability values, storage duration of roots, fruit, tubers and bulbs, and the diversity of outer tissue practical application. The significance of outer tissue antioxidant status and the accumulation of polyphenols, essential oil, lipids and minerals, and the artificial improvement of such accumulation is described in connection with plant tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Methods of plant ‘edge’ effect utilization in agricultural crop breeding, production of specific preparations with powerful antioxidant value and green nanoparticle synthesis of different elements have been developed. Extending the ‘edge’ effect phenomenon from ecosystems to individual organisms is of fundamental importance in agriculture, pharmacology, food industry and wastewater treatment processes.
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Oleszek M, Kowalska I, Bertuzzi T, Oleszek W. Phytochemicals Derived from Agricultural Residues and Their Valuable Properties and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:342. [PMID: 36615534 PMCID: PMC9823944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues as a source of high-value by-products is very important. The main objective of the paper is a review of the newest studies on biologically active compounds included in non-edible parts of crops with the highest amount of waste generated annually in the world. The review also provides the newest data on the chemical and biological properties, as well as the potential application of phytochemicals from such waste. The review shows that, in 2020, there were above 6 billion tonnes of residues only from the most popular crops. The greatest amount is generated during sugar, oil, and flour production. All described residues contain valuable phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial and very often anti-cancer activity. Many studies show interesting applications, mainly in pharmaceuticals and food production, but also in agriculture and wastewater remediation, as well as metal and steel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- DIANA, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Cazón P, Puertas G, Vázquez M. Production and Characterization of Active Bacterial Cellulose Films Obtained from the Fermentation of Wine Bagasse and Discarded Potatoes by Komagateibacter xylinus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235194. [PMID: 36501589 PMCID: PMC9737754 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato waste, such as peels, broken or spoiled potatoes and grape bagasse residues from the winery industry, can be used for the biotechnological production of high-value products. In this study, green, sustainable and highly productive technology was developed for the production of antioxidant bacterial cellulose (BC). The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of a low-cost culture medium based on wine bagasse and potato waste to synthesize BC. Results show that the production of BC by Komagateibacter xylinus in the GP culture medium was five-fold higher than that in the control culture medium, reaching 4.0 g/L BC in 6 days. The compounds of the GP culture medium improved BC production yield. The mechanical, permeability, swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity and optical properties of the BC films from the GP medium were determined. The values obtained for the tensile and puncture properties were 22.77 MPa for tensile strength, 1.65% for elongation at break, 910.46 MPa for Young's modulus, 159.31 g for burst strength and 0.70 mm for distance to burst. The obtained films showed lower permeability values (3.40 × 10-12 g/m·s·Pa) than those of other polysaccharide-based films. The BC samples showed an outstanding antioxidant capacity (0.31-1.32 mg GAE/g dried film for total phenolic content, %DPPH• 57.24-78.00% and %ABTS•+ 89.49-86.94%) and excellent UV-barrier capacity with a transmittance range of 0.02-0.38%. Therefore, a new process for the production of BC films with antioxidant properties was successfully developed.
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12
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Srenuja D, Shanmugam A, Nair Sinija VR. Novel zero waste tactics for commercial vegetables – recent advances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2022-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Commercial vegetables include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, and eggplant due to their surplus production, availability, and affordability. The valorisation of the massive wastage of commercial vegetables and providing a long-term solution has been challenging. The review addresses the implications of biowastes on the environment and fosters the recent investigations into valorising commercial vegetable waste to develop multiple value-added products. It discussed the outcomes of the multiple technologies, majorly on green chemistry extraction, while outlining other methods such as fermentation, enzymatic treatments, 3D printing foods, high-pressure homogenisation, microencapsulation, bio-absorption method, and pyrolysis for their respective vegetable wastes. Agri-residues can be a valuable source for formulating functional ingredients, natural additives, biodiesel, dyes, and animal feed. This comprehensive review proposes a strategy to upcycle low-cost biowaste to boost the economic and ecological benefits. The current review captures the interests and great collaborations between researchers, industrialists, policymakers, waste management bodies, and eco-activists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekka Srenuja
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
| | - Akalya Shanmugam
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
- Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
| | - Vadakkepulppara Ramachandran Nair Sinija
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
- Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
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Ebrahimian F, Denayer JFM, Karimi K. Potato peel waste biorefinery for the sustainable production of biofuels, bioplastics, and biosorbents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127609. [PMID: 35840021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potato is the fourth most abundant crop harvested annually worldwide. Potato peel waste (PPW) is the main waste stream of potato-processing industries which is generated in large quantities and is a threat to the environment globally. However, owing to its compositional characteristics, availability, and zero cost, PPW is a renewable resource for the production of high-value bioproducts. Hence, this study provides a state-of-the-art overview of advancements in PPW valorization through biological and thermochemical conversions. PPW has a high potential for biofuel and biochemical generation through detoxification, pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Moreover, many other valuable chemicals, including bio-oil, biochar, and biosorbents, can be produced via thermochemical conversions. However, several challenges are associated with the biological and thermochemical processing of PPW. The insights provided in this review pave the way toward a PPW-based biorefinery development, providing sustainable alternatives to fossil-based products and mitigating environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ebrahimian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Joeri F M Denayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Castañeda-Figueredo JS, Torralba-Dotor AI, Pérez-Rodríguez CC, Moreno-Bedoya AM, Mosquera-Vivas CS. Removal of lead and chromium from solution by organic peels: effect of particle size and bio-adsorbent. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10275. [PMID: 36051267 PMCID: PMC9424956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organic wastes can be used in innovative methods to treat water pollution through the adsorption process. In this work, we evaluated the effect of particle size (500-2000, 250-500, and less than 250 μm) and bio-adsorbent (orange, potato, and passion fruit peels) on the removal of lead and chromium from solution. The size and type of peels affected the capacity to adsorb metal ions (p < 0.05). Passion fruit peel had the highest metal adsorption, followed by orange and potato, since the cation exchange capacity (217.70 ± 39.57 cmol (+) kg-1) and the specific surface area (141.10-1095.29 cm2 g-1) were higher in the passion fruit rind. The size of the adsorbent did not affect the organic matter, ash, exchange capacity, surface chemistry, or pH of the peels. However, these properties differed among the bio-adsorbents (p < 0.05). The Freundlich equation explained the adsorption of the metallic ions on the orange rind and of lead on the passion fruit. The linear model was the best fit for the adsorption isotherms of the metals on potato peel. The adsorption of chromium on the passion fruit had a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.3 mg g-1. These results indicate that plant waste materials, especially passion fruit peel, have the potential as feasible and low-cost adsorbents in pilot studies for the treatment of polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana María Moreno-Bedoya
- Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad ECCI, 111311, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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15
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McClements DJ, Öztürk B. Utilization of Nanotechnology to Improve the Application and Bioavailability of Phytochemicals Derived from Waste Streams. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6884-6900. [PMID: 33787251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are relatively small molecular species found in edible plants that may exhibit a diverse range of techno- and biofunctional attributes. In particular, there has been great interest in the identification, isolation, and utilization of dietary phytochemicals that can be used as natural pigments, antioxidants, or antimicrobials or that may improve human health and wellbeing by preventing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Relatively high levels of these phytochemicals are often present in the waste streams produced by the food and agriculture industry, such as the peels, stems, roots, or leaves of plants, that are normally discarded or turned into animal foods. From an economic and environmental perspective, it would be advantageous to convert these waste streams into value-added functional ingredients, which is consistent with the creation of a more circular economy. Bioactive phytochemicals can be isolated from agricultural and food waste streams using green extraction methods and then incorporated into plant-based functional foods or biodegradable active packaging materials. The utilization of phytochemicals in the food industry is often challenging. They may chemically degrade in the presence of light, heat, oxygen, and some pH conditions, thereby altering their biological activity. They may have low solubility in aqueous solutions and gastrointestinal fluids, thereby making them difficult to introduce into foods and leading to a low bioavailability. These challenges can sometimes be overcome using nanoencapsulation, which involves trapping the phytochemicals inside tiny food-grade particles. These nanoparticles may be assembled from edible lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and/or surfactants and include nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, and biopolymer nanoparticles. In this manuscript, we review a number of important phytochemicals and nanoencapsulation methods used to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Bengü Öztürk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
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16
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Abstract
Growing environmental concerns, increased population, and the need to meet the diversification of the source of global energy have led to increased demand for biofuels. However, the high cost of raw materials for biofuels production has continued to slow down the acceptability, universal accessibility, and affordability of biofuels. The cost of feedstock and catalysts constitutes a major component of the production cost of biofuels. Potato is one of the most commonly consumed food crops among various populations due to its rich nutritional, health, and industrial benefits. In the current study, the application of potato peel waste (PPW) for biofuel production was interrogated. The present state of the conversion of PPW to bioethanol and biogas, through various techniques, to meet the ever-growing demand for renewable fuels was reviewed. To satisfy the escalating demand for biohydrogen for various applications, the prospects for the synthesis of biohydrogen from PPW were proposed. Additionally, there is the potential to convert PPW to low-cost, ecologically friendly, and biodegradable bio-based catalysts to replace commercial catalysts. The information provided in this review will enrich scholarship and open a new vista in the utilization of PPW. More focused investigations are required to unravel more avenues for the utilization of PPW as a low-cost and readily available catalyst and feedstock for biofuel synthesis. The application of PPW for biofuel application will reduce the pump price of biofuels, ensure the appropriate disposal of waste, and contribute towards environmental cleanliness.
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Taghian Dinani S, van der Goot AJ. Challenges and solutions of extracting value-added ingredients from fruit and vegetable by-products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7749-7771. [PMID: 35275755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2049692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Every year, huge amounts of fruit and vegetable by-products in the food processing factories are produced. These by-products have great potential to be used for different targets especially the extraction of value-added ingredients. The target of this study is to review the challenges of extraction of value-added ingredients from fruit and vegetable by-products on the industrial scale and to describe current trends in solving these problems. In addition, some strategies such as multi-component extraction as well as application of fermentation before or after the extraction process, and production of biofuel, organic fertilizers, animal feeds, etc. on final residues after extraction of value-added ingredients are discussed in this review paper. In fact, simultaneous extraction of different value-added ingredients from fruit and vegetable by-products can increase the extraction efficiency and reduce the cost of value-added ingredients as well as the final volume of these by-products. After extraction of value-added ingredients, the residues can be used to produce biofuels, or they can be used to produce organic fertilizers, animal feeds, etc. Therefore, the application of several appropriate strategies to treat the fruit and vegetable by-products can increase their application, protect the environment, and improve the food economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atze Jan van der Goot
- Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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18
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Effects of different gelatinization degrees of potato flour on gluten network integrity and dough stickiness. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Tsiundyk O, Iegorov B, Lapinska A, Fihurska L. USING RAW POTATO PEEL IN THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRUDED FEED ADDITIVE. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v15i2.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The paper is concerned with some aspects of processing raw potato peelings. It presents the dynamics of potato production in the world and in Ukraine, and analyses the figures on yields of this crop. Methods of processing potatoes at Ukrainian enterprises have been considered. It has been found that the bulk of the waste (15–60%) is formed during peeling raw potatoes. Methods of utilisation of potato peelings have been analysed. Problems of using fresh potato peel in the diet of farm livestock have been analysed. The technological operations of potato waste processing have been considered, and it has been substantiated how practical the method of extrusion is. The advantages of manufacturing an extruded feed additive with the use of potato peel have been shown. The physical properties, chemical composition, and term of storage of fresh potato peel have been determined. It has been found that fresh potato peel is poorly storable and hardly flowable, so it must be processed within 48 hours. To produce an extruded feed additive including crushed wheat grain and fresh potato peel in the ratio 9:1, a step-by-step scheme has been developed. The physical properties, the content of individual nutrients and minerals, and the shelf life of the extruded additive have been determined. It has been established that manufacturing the feed additive by the method suggested allows increasing the product’s nutritional value, prolonging its shelf life, improving its sanitary quality, technological properties, and conditions of feeding potato peel to livestock. It has been found that when the amount of potato peel introduced is 10% and that of crushed wheat grain is 90%, the optimal moisture content is 16.5%. Besides, this ratio results in the minimum energy consumption and in a coefficient of expansion high enough. During extrusion, the physical properties change: the moisture content, angle of repose, and bulk density decrease, while the flowability increases, which makes the feed additive suitable for use in the feed products technology. Besides, extrusion of the feed additive is accompanied by reduction in crude protein, crude fibre, and crude fat. It has been established that the shelf life of the additive is 4 months
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Muthurajan M, Veeramani A, Rahul T, Gupta RK, Anukiruthika T, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Valorization of Food Industry Waste Streams Using 3D Food Printing: A Study on Noodles Prepared from Potato Peel Waste. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Pacifico D, Lanzanova C, Pagnotta E, Bassolino L, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Matteo R, Lo Scalzo R, Balconi C. Sustainable Use of Bioactive Compounds from Solanum Tuberosum and Brassicaceae Wastes and by-Products for Crop Protection-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2174. [PMID: 33918886 PMCID: PMC8070479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed meals of oleaginous Brassicaceae, such as Eruca sativa, and potato peel are excellent plant matrices to recover potentially useful biomolecules from industrial processes in a circular strategy perspective aiming at crop protection. These biomolecules, mainly glycoalkaloids and phenols for potato and glucosinolates for Brassicaceae, have been proven to be effective against microbes, fungi, nematodes, insects, and even parasitic plants. Their role in plant protection is overviewed, together with the molecular basis of their synthesis in plant, and the description of their mechanisms of action. Possible genetic and biotechnological strategies are presented to increase their content in plants. Genetic mapping and identification of closely linked molecular markers are useful to identify the loci/genes responsible for their accumulation and transfer them to elite cultivars in breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches can be used to modify their allelic sequence and enhance the accumulation of the bioactive compounds. How the global challenges, such as reducing agri-food waste and increasing sustainability and food safety, could be addressed through bioprotector applications are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Laura Bassolino
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
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22
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Ben Jeddou K, Kammoun M, Hellström J, Gutiérrez‐Quequezana L, Rokka V, Gargouri‐Bouzid R, Ellouze‐Chaabouni S, Nouri‐Ellouz O. Profiling beneficial phytochemicals in a potato somatic hybrid for tuber peels processing: phenolic acids and anthocyanins composition. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1388-1398. [PMID: 33747453 PMCID: PMC7958572 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the peels of a CN1 somatic hybrid obtained from two dihaploid potato lines (Cardinal H14 and Nicola H1) in terms of the health-promoting phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and anthocyanins). The CN1 hybrid is defined by a pink tuber skin color making it different from the light-yellow-skinned "Spunta," which is the most commonly grown potato cultivar in Tunisia. Oven-dried peel samples derived from CN1 hybrid and cv. Spunta were ground, and phenolic compounds were extracted with water or methanol for quantification. Lyophilized peels were used for the phenolic acid and anthocyanin analyses. Higher total quantities of phenolic compounds were recovered in methanol extracts compared with water extracts. A slightly higher concentration of phenolic acids (100 mg/100 g DW) was obtained in the lyophilized peels extract of CN1 hybrid than in the cv. Spunta corresponding sample (83 mg/100 g DW). The profiles of the chlorogenic acid isomers were almost identical in both of CN1 hybrid and cv. Spunta. Caffeic acid (CA) and three caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs): 3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA, were identified from both genotypes, 5-CQA being the dominant form in both potatoes. Since the CN1 hybrid has a pink skin color, its anthocyanin profile was also determined. The anthocyanin quantity in the CN1 peels was 5.07 mg/100 g DW, involving six different anthocyanins that were identified within the extract, namely, Pelargonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, coumaroyl ester of pelargonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, coumaroyl ester of peonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, feruloyl ester of pelargonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, and feruloyl ester of peonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside. These results suggest that the peel waste of CN1 somatic hybrid can be considered as a promising source of high-value compounds for food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Ben Jeddou
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural ResourcesNational Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS)University of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Mariem Kammoun
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural ResourcesNational Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS)University of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Production SystemsNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)JokioinenFinland
| | | | - Veli‐Matti Rokka
- Production SystemsNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)JokioinenFinland
| | - Radhia Gargouri‐Bouzid
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural ResourcesNational Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS)University of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Semia Ellouze‐Chaabouni
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural ResourcesNational Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS)University of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Oumèma Nouri‐Ellouz
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural ResourcesNational Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS)University of SfaxSfaxTunisia
- Department of Biology and GeologyPreparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of SfaxSfaxTunisia
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Calcio Gaudino E, Colletti A, Grillo G, Tabasso S, Cravotto G. Emerging Processing Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Bioactive Compounds from Potato Peels. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111598. [PMID: 33153164 PMCID: PMC7692071 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato peel (PP) is the major underutilised by-product in the potato-processing industry and a potential source of valuable bioactive molecules. Among them, glycoalkaloids and polyphenols are important precursors for steroid hormones and natural antioxidants, respectively. Moreover, the huge quantities of industrial potato-peel waste that are produced are a rich source of primary metabolites, which principally include starch as well as non-starch polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, lignin and cellulose. All carbohydrates are prone to undergo fermentation to produce ethanol, lactic and acetic acid. Finally, the main portion of PP is made up of alcohol-insoluble matter with a dietary fibre content of approximatively 40%. The present review summarises the recent advances and emerging technologies in potato-peel extraction and further valorisation processing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
- Centre of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6707183
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24
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Zhang Z, Poojary MM, Choudhary A, Rai DK, Lund MN, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound processing of coffee silver skin, brewer's spent grain and potato peel wastes for phenolic compounds and amino acids: a comparative study. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:2273-2282. [PMID: 33967324 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Awareness towards utilizing food-processing by-products are increasing in health as well as environmental purview. Coffee silver skin (CSS), potato peel (PP) and brewer's spent grain (BSG) are voluminous by-products in their respective processing industries. The present study compared these three by-products for their prospective utilization in producing polyphenols-rich aqueous extracts by using ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAE). A probe-type sonicator was used for ultrasound treatments. The total phenolic contents in the extracts were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while the phenolic profiles of the extract was characterized by LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. The microstructure of the samples after UAE was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ultrasound treatment enhanced the rate of extraction and recovered 2.79, 2.12 and 0.66 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of TPC from CSS, PP and BSG, respectively in 30 min, which correspond to recoveries of 97.6%, 84.5% and 84.6%, respectively, compared to conventional solid-liquid extractions carried out for 24 h. The extraction yield was dependent on the particle size of the raw materials and the highest yield was obtained from the materials with 100-250 µm particle size. The SEM imaging revealed that ultrasound treatment caused prominent tissue damage. Extracts contained mainly hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of phenolic acids. PP and CSS had the highest amounts of umami free amino acids (0.13 mg/g in each), while BSG contained the highest amount of essential amino acids (92 mg/g). The present work shows that CSS, PP and BSG are good sources of polyphenols and UAE can be employed to enhance the extraction efficiency as means of a green approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zhang
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alka Choudhary
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
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25
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Starch-Based Foam Packaging Developed from a By-Product of Potato Industrialization (Solanum tuberosum L.). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of petroleum-based packaging and its disposal in the environment poses several environmental problems, driving research into the development of biopolymers as substitutes for conventional polymers. Therefore, this study used the by-product of potato industrialization as the main raw material, xanthan gum as a plasticizer, and natural oat fiber as reinforcement to develop a biodegradable foam through thermo-pressing. The morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of the final product were investigated. The water absorption and solubility index were highest in the sample with 20% plasticizer and 20% fiber. The water activity was not affected by variations in additives. The samples with the highest concentration of additives had the highest mechanical tensile strength, but there was a limit to these levels for foam resistance. The most accentuated visual effect was the yellow color. It is believed that hydrolysis was the main foam degradation mechanism, which took between 14 and 20 days for total decomposition. The combination of a by-product from potato industrialization with xanthan gum and natural oat fiber made it possible to produce a promising substitute for synthetic polymers, providing an environmentally friendly solution for both the use of agro-industrial by-products and reducing the volume of petroleum-based packaging waste.
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Development of nano-silver alkaline protease bio-conjugate depilating eco-benign formulation by utilizing potato peel based medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:261-271. [PMID: 32105689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new bio-conjugate nano-silver enzyme conjugate complex (BC-nAg-Akp) was formulated containing alkaline protease (Akp). The present research involved synthesis of nAg particles in acetone concentrated enzyme sol using 0.005 M AgNO3 solution formed within interaction time of 24 h through photo catalysis. The BC-nAG-Akp composite exhibited 1.9-fold increase in enzyme activity. The formulation was characterized using techniques viz., SEM, SEM-EDS, TEM, and DLS spectroscopy. The TEM analysis revealed synthesis of silver nano rods with size dimensions ranging from 40 to 80 nm. Likewise, the mean hydrodynamic diameter was 114 nm with polydispersity index of 0.260 and had the largest diffusion constant of 4.28 × 108 amongst the three forms of the formulation (crude, acetone concentrated and partially purified) on DLS characterization. The SEM-EDS analysis showed occurrence of 18.32 and 3.79%weight and %atom of Ag element respectively. The prepared formulation was investigated for its dehairing performance. The ideal dehairing was achieved at 37 °C after 12 h of treatment. The histopathological studies revealed that complete dehairing with minimal rarefication was achieved and was found perform better compared to the commercial Akp and control (crude enzyme) formulations.
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Ben-Othman S, Jõudu I, Bhat R. Bioactives From Agri-Food Wastes: Present Insights and Future Challenges. Molecules 2020; 25:E510. [PMID: 31991658 PMCID: PMC7037811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable utilization of agri-food wastes and by-products for producing value-added products (for cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food industrial applications) provides an opportunity for earning additional income for the dependent industrial sector. Besides, effective valorisation of wastes/by-products can efficiently help in reducing environmental stress by decreasing unwarranted pollution. The major focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on valorisation of agri-food wastes and by-products with focus laid on bioactive compounds and bioactivity. The review covers the bioactives identified from wastes and by-products of plants (fruits, exotic fruits, vegetables and seeds), animals (dairy and meat) and marine (fish, shellfish seaweeds) resources. Further, insights on the present status and future challenges of sustainably utilizing agri-food wastes/by-products for value addition will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ben-Othman
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (S.B.-O.); (I.J.)
| | - Ivi Jõudu
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (S.B.-O.); (I.J.)
- Chair of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Science, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (S.B.-O.); (I.J.)
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Effect of peeling and unpeeling on yield, chemical structure, morphology and pasting properties of starch extracted from three diverse potato cultivars of Pakistan. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Waglay A, Achouri A, Karboune S, Zareifard MR, L'Hocine L. Pilot plant extraction of potato proteins and their structural and functional properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Vardhan KH, Kumar PS, Panda RC. A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Benkeblia N. Potato Glycoalkaloids: occurrence, biological activities and extraction for biovalorisation – a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Benkeblia
- Department of Life Sciences – The Biotechnology Centre The University of the West Indies Mona Campus, Kingston 7 Kingston Jamaica
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32
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Cao Y, Zhang F, Guo P, Dong S, Li H. Effect of wheat flour substitution with potato pulp on dough rheology, the quality of steamed bread and in vitro starch digestibility. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Friend DFL, Leyva González ME, Caraballo MM, de Queiroz AAA. Biological properties of electrospun cellulose scaffolds from biomass. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1399-1414. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1636351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirta Mir Caraballo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, ICEX - Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas-MG, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Antonio Alencar de Queiroz
- High Voltage Laboratory Prof. Manuel Luís Barreira Martinez (LAT-EFEI)/Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy (ISEE), Federal University of Itajubá-UNIFEI, Itajubá-MG, Brazil
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34
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Biogas Potential from the Anaerobic Digestion of Potato Peels: Process Performance and Kinetics Evaluation. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article intends to promote the usage of potato peels as efficient substrate for the anaerobic digestion process for energy recovery and waste abatement. This study examined the performance of anaerobic digestion of potato peels in different inoculum-to-substrate ratios. In addition, the impact of combined treatment with cow manure and pretreatment of potato peels was examined. It was found that co-digestion of potato peel waste and cow manure yielded up to 237.4 mL CH4/g VSadded, whereas the maximum methane yield from the mono-digestion of potato peels was 217.8 mL CH4/g VSadded. Comparing the co-digestion to mono-digestion of potato peels, co-digestion in PPW/CM ratio of 60:40 increased the methane yield by 10%. In addition, grinding and acid hydrolysis applied to potato peels were positively effective in increasing the methane amount reaching 260.3 and 283.4 mL CH4/g VSadded respectively. Likewise, compared to untreated potato peels, pretreatment led to an elevation of the methane amount by 9% and 17% respectively and alleviated the kinetics of biogas production.
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35
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Cunha MCD, Masotti MT, Mondragón-Bernal OL, Alves JGLF. HIGHLY EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF L (+)-LACTIC ACID USING MEDIUM WITH POTATO, CORN STEEP LIQUOR AND CALCIUM CARBONATE BY Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180353s20170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Effects of high hydrostatic pressure and high pressure homogenization processing on characteristics of potato peel waste pectin. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:474-482. [PMID: 29891321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the effects of high pressure processing on potato peel waste pectins, the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and morphological features of the pectin treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) at 200 MPa for 5 min were studied. The potato peel waste pectins subjected to high pressure treatments exhibited increased galacturonic acid contents as well as decreased esterification degree, (Gal + Ara)/Rha ratio, and molecular weight. Furthermore, the potato peel waste pectins treated with high pressure had an increased viscosity and improved emulsifying properties. The morphological features, determined by atomic force microscopy, shown the degradation of side chains of the pectin induced by high pressure treatments. The results suggest that high pressure processing is an efficient technique to modify pectin from potato peel waste to a thickener or stabilizer agent, but high pressure homogenization shows a better effect.
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Miao W, Hatab S, Gu Y, Wang L, Xu X, Pan S. Rheological, sensory, and microstructural properties of fresh and frozen/thawed mashed potatoes enriched with different proteins. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1345982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Miao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaimaa Hatab
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Yiwei Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lufeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Pathak PD, Mandavgane SA, Puranik NM, Jambhulkar SJ, Kulkarni BD. Valorization of potato peel: a biorefinery approach. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:218-230. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1331337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav D. Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Sachin A. Mandavgane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Nikhil Manoj Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, India
| | | | - Bhaskar D. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratories, Pune, India
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39
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Jan K, Riar CS, Saxena DC. Characterization of agro-industrial byproducts and wastes for sustainable industrial application. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Ben Taher I, Fickers P, Chniti S, Hassouna M. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation conditions for improved bioethanol production from potato peel residues. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:397-406. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Taher
- Unité de recherche Sciences des Aliments, Ecole Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires de Tunis; Av Alain Savary, 58 Tunis 1003 Tunisia
- Laboratoire de génies biologique et agroalimentaire, Université Libre de Tunis; Av Kheireddine Pacha, 30 Tunis 1002 Tunisia
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interaction, Gembloux AgroBioTech-Université de Liège; Passage des déportés, 2 Gembloux 5030 Belgium
| | - Sofien Chniti
- Université de Rennes 1, ENSCR, CNRS, UMR 6226, avenue du Général Leclerc; CS 50837 Rennes Cedex 7 35708 France
| | - Mnasser Hassouna
- Unité de recherche Sciences des Aliments, Ecole Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires de Tunis; Av Alain Savary, 58 Tunis 1003 Tunisia
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