1
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Tushar SI, Anik HR, Uddin MM, Mandal S, Mohakar V, Rai S, Sharma S. Nanocellulose-based porous lightweight materials with flame retardant properties: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122237. [PMID: 38823907 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses the development and application of nanocellulose (NC)-aerogels, a sustainable and biodegradable biomaterial, with enhanced flame retardant (FR) properties. NC-aerogels combine the excellent physical and mechanical properties of NC with the low density and thermal conductivity of aerogels, making them promising for thermal insulation and other fields. However, the flammability of NC-aerogels limits their use in some applications, such as electromagnetic interference shielding, oil/water separation, and flame-resistant textiles. The review covers the design, fabrication, modification, and working mechanism of NC porous materials, focusing on how advanced technologies can impart FR properties into them. The review also evaluates the FR performance of NC-aerogels by employing widely recognized tests, such as the limited oxygen index, cone calorimeter, and UL-94. The review also explores the integration of innovative and eco-friendly materials, such as MXene, metal-organic frameworks, dopamine, lignin, and alginate, into NC-aerogels, to improve their FR performance and functionality. The review concludes by outlining the potential, challenges, and limitations of future research on FR NC-aerogels, identifying the obstacles and potential solutions, and understanding the current progress and gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Islam Tushar
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Habibur Rahman Anik
- Department of Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Md Mazbah Uddin
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Vijay Mohakar
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Smriti Rai
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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2
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Wang R, Fu T, Yang YJ, Song X, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Scientific Discovery Framework Accelerating Advanced Polymeric Materials Design. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0406. [PMID: 38979514 PMCID: PMC11228074 DOI: 10.34133/research.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic polymer materials, as the most abundantly produced materials, possess a flammable nature, making them potential hazards to human casualties and property losses. Target polymer design is still hindered due to the lack of a scientific foundation. Herein, we present a robust, generalizable, yet intelligent polymer discovery framework, which synergizes diverse capabilities, including the in situ burning analyzer, virtual reaction generator, and material genomic model, to achieve results that surpass the sum of individual parts. Notably, the high-throughput analyzer created for the first time, grounded in multiple spectroscopic principles, enables in situ capturing of massive combustion intermediates; then, the created realistic apparatus transforming to the virtual reaction generator acquires exponentially more intermediate information; further, the proposed feature engineering tool, which embedded both polymer hierarchical structures and massive intermediate data, develops the generalizable genomic model with excellent universality (adapting over 20 kinds of polymers) and high accuracy (88.8%), succeeding discovering series of novel polymers. This emerging approach addresses the target polymer design for flame-retardant application and underscores a pivotal role in accelerating polymeric materials discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Teng Fu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuan Song
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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3
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Kumar V, Kuang W, Fifield LS. Carbon Fiber-Based Vitrimer Composites: A Path toward Current Research That Is High-Performing, Useful, and Sustainable. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3265. [PMID: 38998348 PMCID: PMC11243385 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In the polymeric material industry, thermosets and related composites have played a substantial role in the production of rubber and plastics. One important subset of these is thermoset composites with carbon reinforcement. The incorporation of carbon fillers and fibers gives polymeric materials improved electrical and mechanical properties, among other benefits. However, the covalently crosslinked network of thermosets presents significant challenges for recycling and reprocessing because of its intractable nature. The introduction of vitrimer materials opens a new avenue to produce biodegradable and recyclable thermosets. Carbon-reinforced vitrimer composites are pursued for high-performance, long-lasting materials with attractive physical properties, the ability to be recycled and processed, and other features that respond uniquely to stimuli. The development of carbon-reinforced vitrimer composites over the last few years is summarized in this article. First, an overview of vitrimers and the methods used to prepare carbon fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites is provided. Because of the vitrimer nature of such composites, reprocessing, healing, and recycling are viable ways to greatly extend their service life; these approaches are thoroughly explained and summarized. The conclusion is our prediction for developing carbon-based vitrimer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonard S. Fifield
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (V.K.); (W.K.)
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4
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Yeoh GH, De Cachinho Cordeiro IM, Wang W, Wang C, Yuen ACY, Chen TBY, Vargas JB, Mao G, Garbe U, Chua HT. Carbon-based Flame Retardants for Polymers: A Bottom-up Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403835. [PMID: 38814633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This state-of-the-art review is geared toward elucidating the molecular understanding of the carbon-based flame-retardant mechanisms for polymers via holistic characterization combining detailed analytical assessments and computational material science. The use of carbon-based flame retardants, which include graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerenes, in their pure and functionalized forms are initially reviewed to evaluate their flame retardancy performance and to determine their elevation of the flammability resistance on various types of polymers. The early transition metal carbides such as MXenes, regarded as next-generation carbon-based flame retardants, are discussed with respect to their superior flame retardancy and multifunctional applications. At the core of this review is the utilization of cutting-edge molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which sets a precedence of an alternative bottom-up approach to fill the knowledge gap through insights into the thermal resisting process of the carbon-based flame retardants, such as the formation of carbonaceous char and intermediate chemical reactions offered by the unique carbon bonding arrangements and microscopic in-situ architectures. Combining MD simulations with detailed experimental assessments and characterization, a more targeted development as well as a systematic material synthesis framework can be realized for the future development of advanced flame-retardant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Timothy Bo Yuan Chen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Juan Baena Vargas
- Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO), North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ulf Garbe
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Hui Tong Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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5
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Dun L, Ouyang Z, Sun Q, Yue X, Wu G, Li B, Kang W, Wang Y. A Simple and Efficient Magnesium Hydroxide Modification Strategy for Flame-Retardancy Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1471. [PMID: 38891418 PMCID: PMC11174588 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide, as a green inorganic flame-retardancy additive, has been widely used in polymer flame retardancy. However, magnesium hydroxide is difficult to disperse with epoxy resin (EP), and its flame-retardancy performance is poor, so it is difficult to use in flame-retardant epoxy resin. In this study, an efficient magnesium hydroxide-based flame retardant (MH@PPAC) was prepared by surface modification of 2-(diphenyl phosphine) benzoic acid (PPAC) using a simple method. The effect of MH@PPAC on the flame-retardancy properties for epoxy resins was investigated, and the flame-retardancy mechanism was studied. The results show that 5 wt% MH@PPAC can increase the limiting oxygen index for EP from 24.1% to 38.9%, achieving a V-0 rating. At the same time, compared to EP, the peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production rate, and peak CO generation rate for EP/5 wt% MH@PPAC composite material decreased by 53%, 45%, 51.85%, and 53.13% respectively. The cooperative effect for PPAC and MH promotes the formation of a continuous and dense char layer during the combustion process for the EP-blend material, significantly reducing the exchange for heat and combustible gases, and effectively hindering the combustion process. Additionally, the surface modification of PPAC enhances the dispersion of MH in the EP matrix, endowing EP with superior mechanical properties that meet practical application requirements, thereby expanding the application scope for flame-retardant EP-blend materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Dun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; (L.D.); (Q.S.)
- Hofmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.O.); (X.Y.); (G.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Zeen Ouyang
- Hofmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.O.); (X.Y.); (G.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Qihao Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; (L.D.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xiaoju Yue
- Hofmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.O.); (X.Y.); (G.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Guodong Wu
- Hofmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.O.); (X.Y.); (G.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Bohan Li
- Hofmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.O.); (X.Y.); (G.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Weidong Kang
- Jinxi Industries Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China;
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; (L.D.); (Q.S.)
- Hofmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.O.); (X.Y.); (G.W.); (B.L.)
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6
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Lin W, Yuan Y, Xu L, Wang W. Recent Progress in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardance and Fire-Warning Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1858. [PMID: 38675677 PMCID: PMC11055176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, MXene, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, present a promising avenue for eco-friendly flame retardants. Their inherent characteristics, including metal-like conductivity, high specific surface area, electron transport capacity, and solution processability, make them highly suitable for applications in both structural fire protection and fire alarm systems. This review offers an up-to-date exploration of advancements in flame retardant composites, utilizing pristine graphene-like nanosheets, versatile graphene-like nanosheets with multiple functions, and collaborative systems based on these nanomaterials. Moreover, graphene-like 2D nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in the development of early fire alarm systems, enabling timely warnings. This review provides an overview of flame-retarding and fire-warning mechanisms, diverse multifunctional nanocomposites, and the evolving trends in the development of fire alarm systems anchored in graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and their derivatives. Ultimately, the existing challenges and prospective directions for the utilization of graphene-like 2D nanomaterials in flame retardant and fire-warning applications are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Yao Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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7
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Gyawali B, Rahimi R, Alizadeh H, Mohammadi M. Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD)-Mediated dsRNA Delivery for the Control of Fusarium Head Blight Disease in Wheat. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1526-1535. [PMID: 38422985 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a class of fluorescent carbon materials, have displayed significant potential in various fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. Because of their extremely small size, generally less than 100 nm, they also have tremendous potential in plant science research, especially for the delivery of nucleic acids, breaking the barrier of cell walls. In this study, we synthesized GQDs with a size range of 2-5 nm, characterized them, and surface-functionalized them with branched polyethylenimine (bPEI). We then used the surface-functionalized GQDs as carriers to deliver double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that target two growth-and-development-related genes in Fusarium graminearum─the causative organism of the Fusarium head blight disease of wheat. The successful binding of dsRNA to GQDs-bPEIs was demonstrated through gel-shifting assays, showcasing the potential for efficient dsRNA delivery. We designed dsRNAs targeting the MGV1 and RAS1 genes of F. graminearum by using the pssRNAit pipeline, ensuring high specificity and no off-target effects. The coding sequences of the designed dsRAS1 and dsMGV1 were cloned into the L4440 vector and transformed into the Escherichia coli HT115 strain for dsRNA production. Fungal culture analysis revealed that the inclusion of dsRNAs in potato dextrose agar (PDA) media effectively slowed down the growth. Exogenous spraying experiments both in plate cultures and in intact wheat spikes demonstrated that the dsRNA:GQDs-bPEIs treatment was more effective in restricting fungal mycelium growth or the number of infected spikelets compared to naked dsRNA treatment. Our study demonstrates the promising potential of graphene quantum dots as carriers for dsRNA-based fungal disease management in wheat and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Gyawali
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran 11366, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Liu Y, Cheng F, Li K, Yao J, Li X, Xia Y. Lightweight, flame retardant Janus carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel with fire-warning properties for smart sensor. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121730. [PMID: 38220348 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight, flame retardant biomass aerogels combining with multi-functionalities are promising for thermal insulation, noise absorption and smart sensors. However, high flammability hinders the application of these aerogels in extreme condition. Herein, lightweight, flame retardant aerogel with fire-warning properties fabricated from resource-abundant graphite and green carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is reported. During sonicating expandable graphite (EG) in CMC solution, CMC not only fabricates the downsizing process via hydrogen bonding effect but also forms stable dispersions. Then biomass aerogel is fabricated by freeze-drying strategy and enhanced by metal ionic cross-linking method. This aerogel demonstrates Janus properties for electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Due to the synergistic flame retardant effect of graphite nanocomposite and metal ions with a barrier effect and catalytic carbonization capacity, the flame retardancy of these aerogels are enhanced with fire-warning properties. Furthermore, these aerogels are used for monitoring physical deformations as smart sensors, which provides inspiration and a sustainable solution for developing low-cost biomass aerogel with multifunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Qingdao Yuanhai New Material Technology co., Ltd, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiuyong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Chen Q, Huo S, Lu Y, Ding M, Feng J, Huang G, Xu H, Sun Z, Wang Z, Song P. Heterostructured Graphene@Silica@Iron Phenylphosphinate for Fire-Retardant, Strong, Thermally Conductive Yet Electrically Insulated Epoxy Nanocomposites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310724. [PMID: 38429241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The portfolio of extraordinary fire retardancy, mechanical properties, dielectric/electric insulating performances, and thermal conductivity (λ) is essential for the practical applications of epoxy resin (EP) in high-end industries. To date, it remains a great challenge to achieve such a performanceportfolio in EP due to their different and even mutually exclusive governing mechanisms. Herein, a multifunctional additive (G@SiO2 @FeHP) is fabricated by in situ immobilization of silica (SiO2 ) and iron phenylphosphinate (FeHP) onto the graphene (G) surface. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of G, SiO2 and FeHP, the addition of 1.0 wt% G@SiO2 @FeHP enables EP to achieve a vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.5%. Besides, both heat release and smoke generation of as-prepared EP nanocomposite are significantly suppressed due to the condensed-phase function of G@SiO2 @FeHP. Adding 1.0 wt% G@SiO2 @FeHP also brings about 44.5%, 61.1%, and 42.3% enhancements in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of EP nanocomposite. Moreover, the EP nanocomposite exhibits well-preserved dielectric and electric insulating properties and significantly enhanced λ. This work provides an integrated strategy for the development of multifunctional EP materials, thus facilitating their high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Yixia Lu
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiabing Feng
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
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10
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Wang X, Xing W, Tang G. Advances in Novel Flame-Retardant Technologies for Fire-Safe Polymeric Materials. Molecules 2024; 29:573. [PMID: 38338320 PMCID: PMC10856323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue, titled "Advances in Novel Flame-Retardant Technologies for Fire-Safe Polymeric Materials", aims to detail the recent advances in the design and preparation of novel flame retardants for use in fire-safe polymeric materials [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
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11
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Zhang J, Zhang HY, Xu WR, Zhang YC. Sustainable biomass-based composite biofilm: Sodium alginate, TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanocrystals, and MXene nanosheets for fire-resistant materials and next-generation sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:795-804. [PMID: 37866051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of natural biomass for the development of fireproof materials and next-generation sensors faces various challenges in the field of fire safety and prevention. In this study, renewable sodium alginate (SA), TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanocrystals (TOChNs), and MXene nanosheets were employed to fabricate a sustainable, flexible, and flame-retardant composite biofilm, donated as STM, utilizing a simple and environmentally friendly evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. The incorporation of SA, TOChNs, and MXene in a weight ratio of 50/10/40 led to improved mechanical properties of the resulting STM-40 films, as evidenced by increased tensile strength and Young's modulus values of approximately 36 MPa and 4 GPa, respectively. Notably, these values were approximately 3 and 11 times higher than those observed for the pure SA film. Moreover, the STM-40 films demonstrated highly sensitive fire alarm capabilities, exhibiting a superior flame alarm response time of 0.6 s and a continuous alarm time of approximately 492 s when exposed to flames. The STM exhibited exceptional flame retardancy due to the synergistic carbonization between MXene and SA/TOChNs, resulting in a limiting oxygen index of 45.0 %. Furthermore, its maximum heat release rate decreased by over 90.1 % during the test. This study presents a novel approach for designing and developing fire-retardant fire alarm sensors by utilizing natural biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Resource Utilization and Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Health Management College, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Zhang
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Wen-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Resource Utilization and Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yu-Cang Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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12
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Li X, Sánchez Del Río Sáez J, Du S, Sánchez Díaz R, Ao X, Wang DY. Bio-based chitosan-based film as a bifunctional fire-warning and humidity sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126466. [PMID: 37659494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Early fire detection is an efficient method to mitigate disastrous fire loss. However, developing smart low-temperature fire-warning sensors that better diminish fire hazards, especially those caused by household appliances, is still challenging. Herein, a salts-modified chitosan (salts-modified CS) based sensor with integrated fire-warning and humidity-monitoring capability is proposed using an easy assembling method. This sensor can respond to temperatures as low as 50 °C and a flame within 2 s quickly and detect relative humidity (RH) range above 50 % at 50 °C and 75 °C sensitively. This system can be reusable for multiple ignitions and works in high-humidity environments (>50 %). Furthermore, the comparison between different salts-modified CS films is carried out to elucidate the mechanism of the formation of electric current under the joint driven by temperature and humidity. Moreover, real-time temperature and RH monitoring can be achieved with a wireless transmission section. This design shows a promising approach for multifunctional CS-based sensors and paves a path to developing a new generation of smart fire-warning detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Sánchez Del Río Sáez
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica Automática y Física Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shuanglan Du
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xiang Ao
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Wang D, Shi S, Mao Y, Lei L, Fu S, Hu J. Biodegradable Dual-Network Cellulosic Composite Bioplastic Metafilm for Plastic Substitute. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310995. [PMID: 37899667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
With the escalating environmental and health concerns over petroleum-based plastics, sustainable and biodegradable cellulosic materials are a promising alternative to plastics, yet remain unsatisfied properties such as fragility, inflammability and water sensitivity for practical usage. Herein, we present a novel dual-network design strategy to address these limitations and fabricate a high-performance cellulosic composite bioplastic metafilm with the exceptional mechanical toughness (23.5 MJ m-3 ), flame retardance, and solvent resistance by in situ growth of cyclotriphosphazene-bridged organosilica network within bacterial cellulose matrix. The phosphorus, nitrogen-containing organosilica network, verified by the experimental and theoretical results, plays a triple action on significantly enhancing tensile strength, toughness, flame retardance and water resistance of composite bioplastic metafilm. Furthermore, cellulosic bioplastic composite metafilm demonstrates a higher maximum usage temperature (245 °C), lower thermal expansion coefficient (15.19 ppm °C-1 ), and better solvent resistance than traditional plastics, good biocompatibility and natural biodegradation. Moreover, the composite bioplastic metafilm have a good transparency of average 74 % and a high haze over 80 %, which can serve as an outstanding substrate substitute for commercial polyethylene terephthalate film to address the demand of flexible ITO films. This work paves a creative way to design and manufacture the competitive bioplastic composite to replace daily-used plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yanyun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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14
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Zhou X, Jiang F, Hu Z, Wu F, Gao M, Chai Z, Wang Y, Gu X, Wang Y. Study on the Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam with Phytic Acid-Functionalized Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2023; 28:6267. [PMID: 37687096 PMCID: PMC10488967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composite was prepared by compounding phytic acid (PA)-functionalized Graphite oxide (PA-GO) with flame-retardant poly (Ammonium phosphate) (APP) and expandable graphite (EG). The effects of PA-GO on the thermal, flame-retardant, and mechanical properties of RPUF were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer, a limiting oxygen index (LOI) tester, a UL-94 vertical combustion tester, a cone calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, and a universal tensile testing machine. The results indicated that there was a significant synergistic flame-retardant effect between PA-GO and the intumescent flame retardants (IFR) in the RPUF matrix. Compared with RPUF-1, the addition of 0.3 wt% PA-GO could increase LOI from 25.7% to 26.5%, increase UL-94 rating from V-2 to V-0, and reduce the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) by 28.5% and 22.2%, respectively. Moreover, the amount of residual char increased from 22.2 wt% to 24.6 wt%, and the char layer was continuous and dense, with almost no holes. Meanwhile, the loss of mechanical properties was apparently lightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Faqun Wu
- Dean’s Office, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China;
| | - Ming Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhihua Chai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
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15
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Wu Y, Wang X, Yao L, Chang S, Wang X. Thermal Insulation Mechanism, Preparation, and Modification of Nanocellulose Aerogels: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5836. [PMID: 37570806 PMCID: PMC10421090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy problems have become increasingly prominent. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective measure to save energy. As an efficient energy-saving material, nanocellulose aerogels have broad application prospects. However, nanocellulose aerogels have problems such as poor mechanical properties, high flammability, and they easily absorbs water from the environment. These defects restrict their thermal insulation performance and severely limit their application. This review analyzes the thermal insulation mechanism of nanocellulose aerogels and summarizes the methods of preparing them from biomass raw materials. In addition, aiming at the inherent defects of nanocellulose aerogels, this review focuses on the methods used to improve their mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity in order to prepare high-performance thermal insulation materials in line with the concept of sustainable development, thereby promoting energy conservation, rational use, and expanding the application of nanocellulose aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lihong Yao
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Wood Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (S.C.); (X.W.)
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16
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Hu WY, Yu KX, Zheng QN, Hu QL, Cao CF, Cao K, Sun W, Gao JF, Shi Y, Song P, Tang LC. Intelligent cyclic fire warning sensor based on hybrid PBO nanofiber and montmorillonite nanocomposite papers decorated with phenyltriethoxysilane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 647:467-477. [PMID: 37271091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An abundance of early warning graphene-based nano-materials and sensors have been developed to avoid and prevent the critical fire risk of combustible materials. However, there are still some limitations that should be addressed, such as the black color, high-cost and single fire warning response of graphene-based fire warning materials. Herein, we report an unexpected montmorillonite (MMT)-based intelligent fire warning materials that have excellent fire cyclic warning performance and reliable flame retardancy. Combining phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) molecules, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofiber (PBONF), and layers of MMT to form a silane crosslinked 3D nanonetwork system, the homologous PTES decorated MMT-PBONF nanocomposites are designed and fabricated via a sol-gel process and low temperature self-assembly method. The optimized nanocomposite paper shows good mechanical flexibility (good recovery after kneading or bending process), high tensile strength of ∼81 MPa and good water resistance. Furthermore, the nanocomposite paper exhibits high-temperature flame resistance (almost unchanged structure and size after 120 s combustion), sensitive flame alarm response (∼0.3 s response once exposure onto a flame), cyclic fire warning performance (>40 cycles), and adaptability to complex fire situations (several fire attack and evacuation scenarios), showing promising applications for monitoring the critical fire risk of combustible materials. Therefore, this work paves a rational way for design and fabrication of MMT-based smart fire warning materials that combine excellent flame shielding and sensitive fire alarm functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ke-Xin Yu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qi-Na Zheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qi-Liang Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Cao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weifu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jie-Feng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Campus, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Long-Cheng Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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17
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Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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18
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Turning waste into valuables: In situ deposition of polypyrrole on the obsolete mask for Cr(VI) removal and desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2023; 306:122643. [PMID: 36406342 PMCID: PMC9661547 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global mask consumption has been exacerbated because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Simultaneously, the traditional mask disposal methods (incineration and landfill) have caused serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. Herein, a simple and green mass-production method has been proposed to recycle carbon protective mask (CPM) into the carbon protective mask/polydopamine/polypyrrole (CPM/PDA/PPy) composite by in situ polymerization of PPy. The CPM/PDA/PPy composite was used for the removal of Cr(VI) and salt ions to produce clean water. The synergistic effect of PPy and the CPM improved the removal capability of Cr(VI). The CPM/PDA/PPy composite provided high adsorption capacity (358.68 mg g-1) and economic value (811.42 mg $-1). Consequently, the CPM/PDA/PPy (cathode) was combined with MnO2 (anode) for desalination in CDI cells, demonstrated excellent desalination capacity (26.65 mg g-1) and ultrafast salt adsorption rate (6.96 mg g-1 min-1), which was higher than conventional CDI cells. Our work proposes a new low-carbon strategy to recycle discarded masks and demonstrates their utilization in Cr(VI) removal and seawater desalination.
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19
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Cui Y, Zhu J, Tong H, Zou R. Advanced perspectives on MXene composite nanomaterials: Types synthetic methods, thermal energy utilization and 3D-printed techniques. iScience 2022; 26:105824. [PMID: 36632064 PMCID: PMC9826899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MXene, 2D material, can be synthesized as single flake with 1 nm thickness by using phase change material, polymer and graphene oxide. Meanwhile, the MXene and its composite derivative materials have been applied widely in electro-to-thermal conversion, photo-to-thermal conversion, thermal energy storage, and 3D printing ink aspects. Furthermore, the forward-looking utilization of the MXene nanomaterials in hydrogen energy storage, radio frequency field application, CO2 capture and remediation of environmental pollution, is explored. This article reveals that the efficiencies of the photo-to-thermal and electro-to-thermal energy conversions with the MXene nanomaterials could reach about 80-90%. In parallel, it is demonstrated that the MXene printed ink has the excellent rheological property and high viscosity and stability of liquid, which contribute to arranging the multi-dimensional architectures with functional materials and controlling the flow rate of the MXene ink in the range of 0.03-0.15 mL/min for speedily printing and various printing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Cui
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan 250101, China,Corresponding author
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hui Tong
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Ran Zou
- School of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Jinan 250101, China,Corresponding author
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20
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Fabrication of Inorganic Coatings Incorporated with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Improving Fire Retardancy of Wooden Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245542. [PMID: 36559909 PMCID: PMC9784433 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame-retardant chemicals are frequently used within consumer products and can even be employed as a treatment on the surface of different types of materials (e.g., wood, steel, and textiles) to prevent fire or limit the rapid spread of flames. Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) nanosheets are a promising construction coating nanomaterial that can be blended with sodium metasilicate and gypsum to reduce the flammability of construction buildings. In this work, we designed and fabricated novel and halogen-free FGO sheets using the modified Hummers method; and subsequently functionalized them by pentaerythritol through a chemical impregnation process before dispersing them within the construction coating. Scanning electron microscopic images confirm that the FGO-filled coating was uniformly dispersed on the surface of wooden substrates. We identified that the FGO content is a critical factor affecting the fire retardancy. Thermogravimetric analysis of the FGO coating revealed that higher char residue can be obtained at 700 °C. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry, the exothermic peak contained a temperature delay in the presence of FGO sheets, primarily due to the formation of a thermal barrier. Such a significant improvement in the flame retardancy confirms that the FGO nanosheets are superior nanomaterials to be employed as a flame-retardant construction coating nanomaterial for improving thermal management within buildings.
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21
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Chen L, Wang CF, Liu C, Chen S. Facile Access to Fabricate Carbon Dots and Perspective of Large-Scale Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022:e2206671. [PMID: 36479832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with particle sizes < 10 nm, are constantly being developed for potential large-scale applications. Recently, methods allow CD synthesis to be carried out on large-scale preparation in a controlled fashion are potentially important for multiple disciplines, including bottom-up strategy, top-down method. In this review, the recent progresses in the research of the methods for large-scale production of CDs and their functionalization are summarized. Especially, the methods of CD synthesis, such as large-scale preparation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, magnetic hyperthermia microfluidic and other methods, along with functionalization of CDs, are summarized in detail. By promising applications of CDs, there are three aspects have been already reported, such as enhancing mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and energy storage. Also, future development of CDs is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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22
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Muhammed Raji A, Hambali HU, Khan ZI, Binti Mohamad Z, Azman H, Ogabi R. Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221144564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly flammable, necessitating the incorporation of flame retardants (FR) during production to lower combustibility, promoting its continuous use as insulation material in construction, transportation, and others. The popular approaches for correcting the high flammability of RPUF are copolymerization and blending (with FR). The second method has proven to be most effective as there are limited trade-offs in RPUF properties. Meanwhile, the high flammability of RPUF is still a significant hindrance in emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others), and this has continuously inspired research in the flame retardancy of RPUF. In this study, properties, and preparation methods of RPUF are described, factors responsible for the high flammability of PUF are discussed, and flame retardancy of RPUF is thoroughly reviewed. Notably, most FR for RPUF are inorganic nanoparticles, lignin, intumescent FR systems of expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and hybridized APP or EG with other FR. These could be due to their ease of processing, low cost, and being environmentally benign. Elaborate discussion on RPUF FR mechanisms were also highlighted. Lastly, a summary and future perspectives in fireproofing RPUF are provided, which could inspire the design of new FR for RPUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwasiu Muhammed Raji
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Department of Polymer and Textile Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hambali Umar Hambali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Zahid Iqbal Khan
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Binti Mohamad
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Azman
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Raphael Ogabi
- INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orleans, Bourges, France
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23
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Yan WJ, Xu S, Tian XY, Min JJ, Liu SC, Ding CJ, Wang NL, Hu Y, Fan QX, Li JS, Zeng HY. Novel bio-based lignosulfonate and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets dual modified layered double hydroxide as an eco-friendly flame retardant for polypropylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Chen X, Wang C, Liu S, Zhang A, Liu W, Qian L. Hierarchical hybrid glass fibers modified by hyperbranched polyphosphoramide and graphene oxide sheets to improve flame retardancy and suppress candlewick effect of poly(lactic acid)/glass fibers composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science South‐Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science South‐Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science South‐Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science South‐Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China
| | - Wei Liu
- Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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25
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Yang Z, Kang X, Lu S, Wang Z, Fang X, Li J, Liu B, Ding T, Xu Y. Synergistic effects of molybdenum disulfide on a novel intumescent flame retardant polyformaldehyde system. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Xinglong Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Shike Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Jiantong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Baoying Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Tao Ding
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
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26
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Lee SH, Lee SG, Lee JS, Ma BC. Understanding the Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant on Improving the Fire Safety of Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224904. [PMID: 36433031 PMCID: PMC9696838 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinations of multiple inorganic fillers have emerged as viable synergistic agents for boosting the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polymer materials. However, few studies on the effect of multiple inorganic fillers on the flame retardant behavior of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foam have been carried out. In this paper, a flame retardant combination of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and traditional flame retardants ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), melamine cyanurate (MC), calcium carbonate (CC), and expandable graphite (EG) was incorporated into RPU foam to investigate the synergistic effects of the combination of multiple IFR materials on the thermal stability and fire resistance of RPU foam. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that 8 parts per hundred polyols by weight (php) filler concentrations were compatible with RPU foam and yielded an increased amount of char residue compared to the rest of the RPU samples. The flame retardancy of multiple fillers on intumescent flame retardant RPU foam was also investigated using cone calorimeter (CCTs) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, which showed that RPU/IFR1 (APP/PER/MC/EG/CC/ATH) had the best flame retardant performance, with a low peak heat release rate (PHRR) of 82.12 kW/m2, total heat release rate (THR) of 15.15 MJ/m2, and high LOI value of 36%. Furthermore, char residue analysis revealed that the use of multiple fillers contributed to the generation of more intact and homogeneous char after combustion, which led to reduced decomposition of the RPU foam and hindered heat transfer between the gas and condensed phases.
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27
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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28
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A sustainable green electron reactive processing for fire safety of polypropylene nanocomposites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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30
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Li X, Vázquez-López A, Sánchez Del Río Sáez J, Wang DY. Recent Advances on Early-Stage Fire-Warning Systems: Mechanism, Performance, and Perspective. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:197. [PMID: 36201090 PMCID: PMC9537397 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early-stage fire-warning systems (EFWSs) have attracted significant attention owing to their superiority in detecting fire situations occurring in the pre-combustion process. Substantial progress on EFWSs has been achieved recently, and they have presented a considerable possibility for more evacuation time to control constant unintentional fire hazards in our daily life. This review mainly makes a comprehensive summary of the current EFWSs, including the working mechanisms and their performance. According to the different working mechanisms, fire alarms can be classified into graphene oxide-based fire alarms, semiconductor-based fire alarms, thermoelectric-based fire alarms, and fire alarms on other working mechanisms. Finally, the challenge and prospect for EFWSs are briefly provided by comparing the art of state of fire alarms. This work can propose a more comprehensive understanding of EFWSs and a guideline for the cutting-edge development direction of EFWSs for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Sánchez Del Río Sáez
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica Automática y Física Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Wu Y, Wu J, Mei C, Yang R, He W, Li X, Cai L, Guo M, Li J, Xia C. Thermal and flame-retardant properties of multilayered composites prepared through novel multilayering approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113724. [PMID: 35732201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal and flame-retardant properties of traditional composites have limitations that are not satisfied for the various applications. Multilayered materials have great potential to improve material properties. The present paper focused on designing new multilayering approach to fabricate flame retardant multilayered materials with a very basic instrument and several simple steps. Montmorillonite nanoparticles filled maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene composites were prepared by the melt-blending method, and the multilayered composites with polypropylene alternating multilayers were fabricated by the quadruple-layering approach. The multilayer structure was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer. The influence of layer structure on the thermal stability, thermal conductivity and flame-retardant properties was investigated by the comparison with the conventional composites. Multilayered composites showed enhanced flame-retardant properties with lower peak heat release rate and better char formation compared to conventional composites with the same mass fraction of montmorillonite. Multilayered composites had higher mass fraction of montmorillonite in filled layers and no fillers in other layers, which caused the unequal distribution of montmorillonite, resulting in changes of thermal and flame-retardant properties of the materials especially in the perpendicular direction to the film surface. This study demonstrates a unique multilayering approach that has potential to be used in variety applications such as food and medical packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Changtong Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Wen He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Liping Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jianzhang Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; DeHua TB New Decoration Materials Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; DeHua TB New Decoration Materials Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, China.
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32
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Diao W, Wang K, Jiao E, Yang H, Li Z, Wu K, Shi J. Excellent flame retardancy and air stability through surface coordination of few‐layer black phosphorus with
TiL
4
in epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Diao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kunxin Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Enxiang Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing People's Republic of China
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33
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James BD, de Vos A, Aluwihare LI, Youngs S, Ward CP, Nelson RK, Michel APM, Hahn ME, Reddy CM. Divergent Forms of Pyroplastic: Lessons Learned from the M/V X-Press Pearl Ship Fire. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:467-479. [PMID: 37101454 PMCID: PMC10125272 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In late May 2021, the M/V X-Press Pearl container ship caught fire while anchored 18 km off the coast of Colombo, Sri Lanka and spilled upward of 70 billion pieces of plastic or "nurdles" (∼1680 tons), littering the country's coastline. Exposure to combustion, heat, chemicals, and petroleum products led to an apparent continuum of changes from no obvious effects to pieces consistent with previous reports of melted and burned plastic (pyroplastic) found on beaches. At the middle of this continuum, nurdles were discolored but appeared to retain their prefire morphology, resembling nurdles that had been weathered in the environment. We performed a detailed investigation of the physical and surface properties of discolored nurdles collected on a beach 5 days after the ship caught fire and within 24 h of their arrival onshore. The color was the most striking trait of the plastic: white for nurdles with minimal alteration from the accident, orange for nurdles containing antioxidant degradation products formed by exposure to heat, and gray for partially combusted nurdles. Our color analyses indicate that this fraction of the plastic released from the ship was not a continuum but instead diverged into distinct groups. Fire left the gray nurdles scorched, with entrained particles and pools of melted plastic, and covered in soot, representing partial pyroplastics, a new subtype of pyroplastic. Cross sections showed that the heat- and fire-induced changes were superficial, leaving the surfaces more hydrophilic but the interior relatively untouched. These results provide timely and actionable information to responders to reevaluate cleanup end points, monitor the recurrence of these spilled nurdles, gauge short- and long-term effects of the spilled nurdles to the local ecosystem, and manage the recovery of the spill. These findings underscore partially combusted plastic (pyroplastic) as a type of plastic pollution that has yet to be fully explored despite the frequency at which plastic is burned globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. James
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
- Department
of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Asha de Vos
- Oceanswell, 9 Park Gardens, Colombo 5 00500, Sri Lanka
- The
Oceans Institute, University of Western
Australia, 35 Stirling
Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sarah Youngs
- Department
of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Collin P. Ward
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Robert K. Nelson
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Anna P. M. Michel
- Department
of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Department
of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Christopher M. Reddy
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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34
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Nagendra B, Leuteritz A, Bhoje Gowd E. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Layered Double Hydroxides as Multifunctional Fillers for Polypropylene. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baku Nagendra
- Materials Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019 Kerala India 2515474
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Andreas Leuteritz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - E. Bhoje Gowd
- Materials Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019 Kerala India 2515474
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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35
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Zhan W, Ma Z, Du D, Sun Z, Li L, Gu Z, Chen L, Jiang J, Chen Z. Effects of bagasse fiber as the renewable environmentally friendly material on the properties of the waterborne intumescent fireproof coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhongfei Ma
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Lixia Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhaozhan Gu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
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36
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Difference in Gas-Sensing behavior of Multi-walled carbon Nanotube-Paper-Based gas sensor to polar and non-Polar organic solvents. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Development of multifunctional highly-efficient bio-based fire-retardant poly(lactic acid) composites for simultaneously improving thermal, crystallization and fire safety properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:646-656. [PMID: 35777508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, it is still a huge challenge to prepare high performance eco-friendly poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with high thermal stability, good processability, excellent crystallization behavior, good transparency and highly-efficient fire safety. In this paper, a novel bio-based nucleation agent N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-P,P-diphenylphosphinic amide (FPPA) was prepared and used for the fabrication of fire safety PLA/FPPA composites. The chemical structure of FPPA was measured by FTIR, NMR and MS. Further, the crystallization behavior, thermal stability, fire safety and mechanical properties of PLA/FPPA composites were performed by TGA, DSC, polarization microscope, LOI, UL94, cone calorimeter, DMA and, SEM, Raman, GC-MS, and TGA-FTIR. The results showed that the multifunctional FPPA not only had a high thermal stability and was a good nucleation agent for PLA. Moreover, only loading of 3 wt% FPPA increased the LOI of PLA from 19.0 to 33.8 % with UL-94 V-0 classification. Furthermore, the heat release rate and total heat release values of PLA/3%FPPA composite reduced by 6.3 % and 15.3 % in cone-calorimeter test. Such high fire safety was mainly attributed to specific fire safety radicals due to thermal degradation of FPPA to interrupt composites burning in gas phase. Besides, transparency and mechanical properties were almost not changed because of low loading of FPPA in PLA. This multifunctional bio-based fire-retardant for PLA with good comprehensive performance promises broad application in engineering electronics, automobiles, 3D printing and construction materials.
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38
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Damman S, Steffen TT, Becker D. The effects of nanoclay and carbon nanotube co‐addition on properties of an amorphous polyamide/maleated styrene‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐styrene blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Damman
- Center for Technological Sciences UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Becker
- Center for Technological Sciences UDESC Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
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39
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Pan WH, Yang WJ, Wei CX, Hao LY, Lu HD, Yang W. Recent Advances in Zinc Hydroxystannate-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112175. [PMID: 35683847 PMCID: PMC9183061 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During the combustion of polymeric materials, plenty of heat, smoke, and toxic gases are produced that may cause serious harm to human health. Although the flame retardants such as halogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds can inhibit combustion, they cannot effectively reduce the release of toxic fumes. Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS, ZnSn(OH)6) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant that has attracted extensive interest because of its high efficiency, safety, and smoke suppression properties. However, using ZHS itself may not contribute to the optimal flame retardant effect, which is commonly combined with other flame retardants to achieve more significant efficiency. Few articles systematically review the recent development of ZHS in the fire safety field. This review aims to deliver an insight towards further direction and advancement of ZHS in flame retardant and smoke suppression for multiple polymer blends. In addition, the fire retarded and smoke suppression mechanism of ZHS will be demonstrated and discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Pan
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.-H.P.); (C.-X.W.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Wen-Jie Yang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 88 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Chun-Xiang Wei
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.-H.P.); (C.-X.W.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Ling-Yun Hao
- School of Materials Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China;
| | - Hong-Dian Lu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.-H.P.); (C.-X.W.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.-H.P.); (C.-X.W.); (H.-D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-551-62158349
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40
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Rashid MA, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rashid
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology Gazipur‐1707 Bangladesh
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai, 201620 China
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41
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Forchetti Casarino A, Casis N, Estenoz DA, Spontón ME. Synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine/silica‐based hybrid nanostructures for flame retardancy applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Forchetti Casarino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Natalia Casis
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Diana Alejandra Estenoz
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marisa Elisabet Spontón
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET Santa Fe Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
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Feng X, Li G. UV curable, flame retardant, and pressure-sensitive adhesives with two-way shape memory effect. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Zhang Y, Gao Q, Zhang S, Fan X, Qin J, Shi X, Zhang G. rGO/MXene sandwich-structured film at spunlace non-woven fabric substrate: Application to EMI shielding and electrical heating. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:194-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Effect of high-energy electrons on the thermal, mechanical and fire safety properties of fire-retarded polypropylene nanocomposites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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45
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Tomiak F, Schneider K, Schoeffel A, Rathberger K, Drummer D. Expandable Graphite as a Multifunctional Flame-Retarding Additive for Highly Filled Thermal Conductive Polymer Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081613. [PMID: 35458364 PMCID: PMC9031968 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expandable graphite (EG) and graphite (G) were assessed as multifunctional additives improving both flame retardancy and thermal conductivity in highly filled, thermal conductive polymeric materials based on polyamide 6 (PA6). Fire testing was conducted using modern UL-94, LOI and cone calorimeter test setups. It is demonstrated that thermal conductivity can significantly influence the time to ignition, although offering little fire resistance once ignited even in highly filled systems. Thus, for PA6 formulations containing solely 70 wt.% G, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) measured in cone calorimeter tests was 193 kW/m², whereas PA6 formulations containing 20 wt.% EG/50 wt.% G did not exhibit a measurable heat development. Particular attention was paid to effect separation between thermal conductivity and residue formation. Good thermal conductivity properties are proven to be particularly effective in test scenarios where the heat impact is comparatively low and the testing environment provides good heat dissipation and convective cooling possibilities. For candle-like ignition scenarios (e.g., LOI), filling levels of >50 wt.% (G or EG/G) are shown to be sufficient to suppress ignition exclusively by thermal conductivity. V0 classifications in UL-94 vertical burning tests were achieved for PA6 formulations containing ≥70 wt.% G, ≥25 wt.% EG and ≥20 wt.% EG/25 wt.% G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tomiak
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (D.D.)
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr. Mack Strasse 77, 90762 Fuerth, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kevin Schneider
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Angelina Schoeffel
- Georg H. Luh GmbH, Schoene Aussicht 39, 65396 Walluf, Germany; (A.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Klaus Rathberger
- Georg H. Luh GmbH, Schoene Aussicht 39, 65396 Walluf, Germany; (A.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (D.D.)
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dr. Mack Strasse 77, 90762 Fuerth, Germany
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46
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Fan X, Xin F, Zhang W, Liu H. Effect of phosphorus-containing modified UiO-66-NH2 on flame retardant and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Li X, Guan J, Zeng W, Li H, Shi J, Wen N, Yang Z, Lei Z. Effects of a symmetrical inorganic-organic monomer on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate copolymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Ye X, Feng Y, Tian P, Li Z, Li Y, Wang W, Li J, Qiao L, Wang K, Zhang W, Pan YT, Yang R. Engineering two nitrogen-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (N-POSSs) to enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin endowed with superior thermal stability. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Zhang Z, Cao H, Quan Y, Ma R, Pentzer EB, Green MJ, Wang Q. Thermal Stability and Flammability Studies of MXene–Organic Hybrid Polystyrene Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061213. [PMID: 35335541 PMCID: PMC8954563 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in the plastics industry, but the application range of PS is limited due to its inherently high flammability. A variety of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been reported to impart excellent flame retardancy to polymeric materials. In this study, a 2D nanomaterial MXene–organic hybrid (O-Ti3C2) was applied to PS as a nanofiller. Firstly, the MXene nanosheets were prepared by acid etching, intercalation, and delamination of bulk MAX (Ti3AlC2) material. These exfoliated MXene nanosheets were then functionalized using a cationic surfactant to improve the dispersibility in DMF. Even with a small loading of functionalized O-Ti3C2 (e.g., 2 wt%), the resulting PS nanocomposite (PS/O-Ti3C2) showed good thermal stability and lower flammability evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). The peak heat release rate (pHRR) was significantly reduced by 32% compared to the neat PS sample. In addition, we observed that the temperature at pHRR (TpHRR) shifted to a higher temperature by 22 °C. By comparing the TGA and PCFC results between the PS/MAX and different weight ratios of PS/O-Ti3C2 nanocomposites, the thermal stability and 2D thermal- and mass-transfer barrier effect of MXene–organic hybrid nanosheets were revealed to play essential roles in delaying the polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Huaixuan Cao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Rong Ma
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Emily B. Pentzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Micah J. Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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50
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Highly efficient flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of polypropylene nanocomposites based on clay and allylamine polyphosphate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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