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Tang S, Zhang Q, Xu H, Zhu M, Nahid Pervez M, Wu B, Zhao Y. Fabric structure and polymer composition as key contributors to micro(nano)plastic contamination in face masks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135089. [PMID: 38959827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The surge in face mask use due to COVID-19 has raised concerns about micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) from masks. Herein, focusing on fabric structure and polymer composition, we investigated MNP generation characteristics, mechanisms, and potential risks of surgical polypropylene (PP) and fashionable polyurethane (PU) masks during their wearing and photoaging based on stereomicroscope, μ-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Compared with new PP and PU masks (66 ± 16 MPs/PP-mask, 163 ± 83 MPs/PU-mask), single- and multiple-used masks exhibited remarkably increased MP type and abundance (600-1867 MPs/PP-mask, 607-2167 MPs/PU-mask). Disinfection exacerbated endogenous MP generation in masks, with washing (416 MPs/PP-mask, 30,708 MPs/PU-mask) being the most prominent compared to autoclaving (219 MPs/PP-mask, 553 MPs/PU-mask) and alcohol spray (162 MPs/PP-mask, 18,333 MPs/PU-mask). Photoaging led to massive generation of MPs (8.8 × 104-3.7 × 105 MPs/PP-layer, 1.0 × 105 MPs/PU-layer) and NPs (5.2 × 109-3.6 × 1013 NPs/PP-layer, 3.5 × 1012 NPs/PU-layer) from masks, presenting highly fabric structure-dependent aging modes as "fragmentation" for fine fiber-structure PP mask and "erosion" for 3D mesh-structure PU mask. The MNPs derived from PP/PU mask caused significant deformities of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of masks on humans and aquatic organisms, advocating to enhance proper use and rational disposal for masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area of Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, Institute of Eco-Chongming and School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area of Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, Institute of Eco-Chongming and School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Haowen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Md Nahid Pervez
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area of Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, Institute of Eco-Chongming and School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Bahatibieke A, Wei S, Feng H, Zhao J, Ma M, Li J, Xie Y, Qiao K, Wang Y, Peng J, Meng H, Zheng Y. Injectable and in situ foaming shape-adaptive porous Bio-based polyurethane scaffold used for cartilage regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:1-13. [PMID: 38783924 PMCID: PMC11108820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Irregular articular cartilage injury is a common type of joint trauma, often resulting from intense impacts and other factors that lead to irregularly shaped wounds, the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage and the mismatched shape of the scaffods have contributed to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. While injectable materials are a traditional solution to adapt to irregular cartilage defects, they have limitations, and injectable materials often lack the porous microstructures favorable for the rapid proliferation of cartilage cells. In this study, an injectable porous polyurethane scaffold named PU-BDO-Gelatin-Foam (PUBGF) was prepared. After injection into cartilage defects, PUBGF forms in situ at the site of the defect and exhibits a dynamic microstructure during the initial two weeks. This dynamic microstructure endows the scaffold with the ability to retain substances within its interior, thereby enhancing its capacity to promote chondrogenesis. Furthermore, the chondral repair efficacy of PUBGF was validated by directly injecting it into rat articular cartilage injury sites. The injectable PUBGF scaffold demonstrates a superior potential for promoting the repair of cartilage defects when compared to traditional porous polyurethane scaffolds. The substance retention ability of this injectable porous scaffold makes it a promising option for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudureheman Bahatibieke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Han Feng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junfei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanseng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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de Carvalho Rodrigues V, Guterres IZ, Pereira Savi B, Fongaro G, Silva IT, Vitor Salmoria G. Additive manufacturing of TPU devices for genital herpes treatment with sustained acyclovir release. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39190633 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2396221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of recurrent genital herpes typically involves daily doses of acyclovir for extended periods. Additive manufacturing is an intriguing technique for creating personalised drug delivery systems, which can enhance the effectiveness of treatments for various diseases. The vaginal route offers a viable alternative for the systemic administration of drugs with low oral bioavailability. In this study, we produced different grades of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments through hot-melt extrusion, with acyclovir concentrations of 0%, 10%, and 20% by weight. We used fused filament fabrication to manufacture matrix-based devices, including intrauterine devices and intravaginal rings. Our results, obtained through SEM, FTIR, and DSC analyses, confirm the successful incorporation of acyclovir into the matrix. Thermal analysis reveals that the manufacturing process alters the organization of the TPU chains, resulting in a slight reduction in crystallinity. In our in-vitro tests, we observed an initial burst release on the first day, followed by sustained release at reduced rates for up to 145 days, demonstrating their potential for long-term applications. Additionally, cytotoxicity analysis suggests the excellent biocompatibility of the printed devices, and biological assays show a remarkable 99% reduction in HSV-1 replication. In summary, TPU printed devices offer a promising alternative for long-term genital herpes treatment, with the results obtained potentially contributing to the advancement of pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iara Zanella Guterres
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pereira Savi
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thaís Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gean Vitor Salmoria
- Nimma, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital (HU), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Yu C, Choi J, Lee J, Lim S, Park Y, Jo SM, Ahn J, Kim SY, Chang T, Boyer C, Kwon MS. Functional Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with α, ω-Hydroxyl End-Functionalized Polyacrylates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403048. [PMID: 39171759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is an essential class of materials for demanding applications, from soft robotics and electronics to medical devices and batteries. However, traditional TPU development is primarily relied on specific soft segments, such as polyether, polyester, and polycarbonate polyols. Here, a novel method is introduced for developing TPU elastomers with enhanced performance and superior functionalities compared to conventional TPUs, achieved through the use of α,ω-hydroxyl end-functionalized polyacrylates. This approach involves a defect-free synthesis of α,ω-hydroxyl end-functionalized polyacrylates through visible-light-driven photoiniferter polymerization. By strategically blending these functionalized polyacrylates with conventional polyols, TPUs that exhibit exceptional toughness and notable self-healing capabilities, traits rarely found in existing TPUs are engineered. Furthermore, incorporating photo-crosslinkable acrylic monomers has enabled the creation of the first TPU with superior elastomeric properties and photopatterning capabilities. This approach paves the way for a new direction in polyurethane engineering, introducing a novel class of soft segments and unlocking the potential for a wide range of advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Tian H, Du Y, Luo X, Dong J, Chen S, Hu X, Zhang M, Liu Z, Abolfathi S. Understanding visible light and microbe-driven degradation mechanisms of polyurethane plastics: Pathways, property changes, and product analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121856. [PMID: 38875861 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of polyurethane plastics (PU-PS) in the environment is on the rise, posing potential risks to the health and function of ecosystems. However, little is known about the degradation behavior of PU-PS in the environment, especially water environment. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated and isolated a degrading strain of Streptomyces sp. B2 from the surface of polyurethane coatings. Subsequently, a photoreactor was employed to simulate the degradation process of bio-based polyurethane (BPU) and petroleum-based polyurethane (PPU) under three conditions, including single microorganism (SM), single light exposure (SL), and combined light exposure/microorganism action (ML) in aqueous solution. The results indicated that PU-PS mainly relies on biodegradation, with the highest degradation rate observed after 28 d under SM condition (BPU 5.69 %; PPU 5.25 %). SL inhibited microbial growth and degradation, with the least impact on plastic degradation. Microorganisms colonized the plastic surface, secreting relevant hydrolytic enzymes and organic acids into the culture medium, providing a negative charge. The carbon chains were broken and aged through hydrogen peroxide induction or attack by oxygen free radicals. This process promoted the formation of oxidized functional groups such as OH and CO, disrupting the polymer's structure. Consequently, localized fragmentation and erosion of the microstructure occurred, resulting in the generation of secondary microplastic (MPs) particles, weight loss of the original plastic, increased surface roughness, and enhanced hydrophilicity. Additionally, BPU exhibited greater degradability than PPU, as microorganisms could utilize the produced fatty acids, which promoted their reproduction. In contrast, PPU degradation generated a large amount of isocyanate, potentially toxic to cells and inhibiting biodegradation. This study unveils the significant role of microorganisms in plastic degradation and the underlying degradation mechanisms of BPU, providing a novel strategy for polyurethane degradation and valuable information for comprehensive assessment of the behavior and fate of MPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yuping Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Soroush Abolfathi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, United Kingdom
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6
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Godlewska J, Smorawska J, Głowińska E. Chemical Structure and Thermal Properties versus Accelerated Aging of Bio-Based Poly(ether-urethanes) with Modified Hard Segments. Molecules 2024; 29:3585. [PMID: 39124990 PMCID: PMC11314303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging of polymers is a natural process that occurs during their usage and storage. Predicting the lifetime of polymers is a crucial aspect that should be considered at the design stage. In this paper, a series of bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane) elastomers (bio-TPUs) with modified hard segments were synthesized and investigated to understand the structural and property changes triggered by accelerated aging. The bio-TPUs were synthesized at an equimolar ratio of reagents using the prepolymer method with the use of bio-based poly(trimethylene ether) glycol, bio-based 1,3-propanediol, and hexamethylene diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate/partially bio-based diisocyanate mixtures. The polymerization reaction was catalyzed by dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). The structural and property changes after accelerated aging under thermal and hydrothermal conditions were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Among other findings, it was observed that both the reference and aged bio-TPUs decomposed in two main stages and exhibited thermal stability up to approximately 300 °C. Based on the research conducted, it was found that accelerated aging impacts the supramolecular structure of TPUs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Głowińska
- Department of Polymers Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriel Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Kim J, Fan J, Petrossian G, Zhou X, Kateb P, Gagnon-Lafrenais N, Cicoira F. Self-healing, stretchable and recyclable polyurethane-PEDOT:PSS conductive blends. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3548-3560. [PMID: 38869226 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Future electronics call for materials with mechanical toughness, flexibility, and stretchability. Moreover, self-healing and recyclability are highly desirable to mitigate the escalating environmental threat of electronic waste (e-waste). Herein, we report a stretchable, self-healing, and recyclable material based on a mixture of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with a custom-designed polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). This material showed excellent elongation at brake (∼350%), high toughness (∼24.6 MJ m-3), moderate electrical conductivity (∼10 S cm-1), and outstanding mechanical and electrical healing efficiencies. In addition, it demonstrated exceptional recyclability with no significant loss in the mechanical and electrical properties after being recycled 20 times. Based on these properties, as a proof of principle for sustainable electronic devices, we demonstrated that electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes and pressure sensors based on this material could be recycled without significant performance loss. The development of multifunctional electronic materials that are self-healing and fully recyclable is a promising step toward sustainable electronics, offering a potential solution to the e-waste challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Gayaneh Petrossian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Pierre Kateb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Noemy Gagnon-Lafrenais
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Cao Y, Zhang P, Chen S, Huang Y, Li J, Du H, Zhang W, Chen X, Yu D. ZnO/PUF composites with a large capacity for phosphate adsorption: adsorption behavior and mechanism studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34235-4. [PMID: 39066944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate is present in all kinds of industrial wastewater; how to remove it to meet the strict total phosphorus discharge standards is a challenge. This study used a one-step foaming technique to fill polyurethane foam (PUF) with ZnO, taking advantage of PUF's excellent features like its porous network, lightweight, hydrophilicity, and abundance of binding sites to create ZnO/PUF composites with high adsorption capacity and exceptional separation properties. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, starting pH, and matrix impacts of ZnO/PUF composites on phosphate were examined in batch studies. The results showed that the composites had good adsorption performance for phosphate with a saturated adsorption capacity of 460.25 mg/g. The quasi-secondary kinetic and Langmuir models could better describe the adsorption process, which belonged to the chemical adsorption of monomolecular layers. The composites' ability to treat phosphates in complicated waters was shown by their ability to retain a high adsorption capacity in the pH range of 3-6. In column experiments, the composite also maintains a good affinity for phosphate during dynamic adsorption. Multiple characterizations indicate that the adsorption mechanism is a combined effect of ligand exchange and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for practical phosphorus-containing wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Peicong Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Earth Environment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Suying Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Earth Environment Protection, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Du
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xianfei Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daming Yu
- Panzhihua Pangang Group Ming Company, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Shi J, Zheng T, Wang Z, Wang P, Yang H, Guo J, Wang D, Guo B, Xu J. Filler effects inspired high performance polyurethane elastomer design: segment arrangement control. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39011906 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Elastomers with high strength and toughness are in great demand. Previous research on elastomers focused mainly on the design of new chemical structures, but their complicated synthesis process and expensive monomers have restricted the practical application of these materials. Inspired by general filler effects, a strategy is proposed to remarkably enhance the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers by designing the arrangement of hard/soft segments using traditional chemical compositions. By utilizing the synergetic effect of weak hard segments, normal TPU elastomers are upgraded into advanced elastomers. Combining experiments and simulations, it is demonstrated that a suitable sequence length can achieve considerably enhanced strength and toughness by maximizing the relative surface area of hard domains. Mixing the obtained elastomer with an ionic liquid can result in a durable ionogel sensor with balanced mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. This easy-to-implement strategy offers a new dimension for the development of high-performance elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Tianze Zheng
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Pujin Wang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hongkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinjing Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Staszczak M, Urbański L, Gradys A, Cristea M, Pieczyska EA. Nucleation, Development and Healing of Micro-Cracks in Shape Memory Polyurethane Subjected to Subsequent Tension Cycles. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1930. [PMID: 39000785 PMCID: PMC11244466 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) have garnered increasing interest for their exceptional ability to retain a temporary shape and recover the original configuration through temperature changes, making them promising in various applications. The SMP shape change and recovery that happen due to a combination of mechanical loading and appropriate temperatures are related to its particular microstructure. The deformation process leads to the formation and growth of micro-cracks in the SMP structure, whereas the subsequent heating over its glass transition temperature Tg leads to the recovery of its original shape and properties. These processes also affect the SMP microstructure. In addition to the observed macroscopic shape recovery, the healing of micro-crazes and micro-cracks that have nucleated and developed during the loading occurs. Therefore, our study delves into the microscopic aspect, specifically addressing the healing of micro-cracks in the cyclic loading process. The proposed research concerns a thermoplastic polyurethane shape memory polymer (PU-SMP) MM4520 with a Tg of 45 °C. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the number of tensile loading-unloading cycles and thermal shape recovery on the evolution of the PU-SMP microstructure. To this end, comprehensive research starting from structural characterization of the initial state and at various stages of the PU-SMP mechanical loading was conducted. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Moreover, the shape memory behavior in the thermomechanical loading program was investigated. The obtained average shape fixity value was 99%, while the shape recovery was 92%, which confirmed good shape memory properties of the PU-SMP. Our findings reveal that even during a single loading-unloading tension cycle, crazes and cracks nucleate on the surface of the PU-SMP specimen, whereas the subsequent temperature-induced shape recovery process carried out at the temperature above Tg enables the healing of micro-cracks. Interestingly, the surface of the specimen after three and five loading-unloading cycles did not exhibit crazes and cracks, although some traces of cracks were visible. The traces disappeared after exposing the material to heating at Tg + 20 °C (65 °C) for 30 min. The crack closure phenomenon during deformation, even without heating over Tg, occurred within three and five subsequent cycles of loading-unloading. Notably, in the case of eight loading-unloading cycles, cracks appeared on the surface of the PU-SMP and were healed only after thermal recovery at the particular temperature over Tg. Upon reaching a critical number of cycles, the proper amount of energy required for crack propagation was attained, resulting in wide-open cracks on the material's surface. It is worth noting that WAXS analysis did not indicate strong signs of typical highly ordered structures in the PU-SMP specimens in their initial state and after the loading history; however, some orientation after the cyclic deformation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Staszczak
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Urbański
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gradys
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariana Cristea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iași, Romania
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11
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Hussain M, Khan SM, Shafiq M, Abbas N, Sajjad U, Hamid K. Advances in biodegradable materials: Degradation mechanisms, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for orthopedic applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32713. [PMID: 39027458 PMCID: PMC11254538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mg-based and Zn-based biodegradable materials have the potential to become the next-generation implant materials to treat bone diseases, because of their desired degradation and mechanical properties. This article reviews the status of these implant materials. The required properties of biodegradable materials such as biodegradability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for performance evaluation were briefly discussed. The influence of fabrication techniques, microstructure, alloying elements, and post-processing techniques on the properties of Mg and Zn-based materials was addressed. The degradation mechanism by dissolution, oxidation, and interaction with human body cells was discussed. The biocompatibility of Mg and Zn-based biodegradable materials was analyzed. The significance of in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility testing was highlighted, emphasizing the superiority of in vivo results over cell line studies. This article identifies the many Mg and Zn-based biodegradable materials and summarizes the key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Hussain
- Institute of Polymer & Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Maqsood Khan
- Institute of Polymer & Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Institute of Polymer & Textile Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Uzair Sajjad
- Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Khalid Hamid
- Process and Power Research Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Duan H, Li S, Zhao J, Yang H, Tang H, Qi D, Huang Z, Xu X, Shi L, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q. Microstructure Evolution of Reactive Polyurethane Films During In Situ Polyaddition and Film-Formation Processes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400284. [PMID: 38967216 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to the advantages of low energy consumption, no air and water pollutions, the reactive polyurethane films (RPUFs) are replacing the solvated and waterborne PUFs nowadays, which significantly promotes the green and low-carbon production of PU films. However, the microstructure evolution and in situ film-formation mechanism of RPUFs in solvent-free media are still unclear. Herein, according to time-temperature equivalence principle, the in situ polyaddition and film-formation processes of RPUFs generated by the typical polyaddition of diisocyanate terminated prepolymer (component B) and polyether glycol (component A) are thoroughly investigated at 25 °C. According to the temporal change of viscosity, the RPUFs gradually transfer from liquid to gel and finally to solid state. Further characterizing the molecular weight, hydrogen bonds, crystallinity, gel content, and phase images, the polyaddition and film-formation processes can be divided into three stages as 1) chain extension and microcrystallization; 2) gelation and demicrocrystallization; 3) microphase separation and film-formation. This work promotes the understanding of the microstructure evolution and film-formation mechanism of RPUFs, which can be used as the theoretical guidance for the controllable preparation of high-performance products based on RPUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
- Keqiao Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Heyang Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
- Keqiao Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Zhejiang Hexin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314003, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Zhejiang Hexin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314003, P. R. China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Qi Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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13
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Tomon TRB, Omisol CJM, Aguinid BJM, Sabulbero KXL, Alguno AC, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. A novel naturally superoleophilic coconut oil-based foam with inherent hydrophobic properties for oil and grease sorption. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14223. [PMID: 38902271 PMCID: PMC11190217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Absorption methods using polyurethane foams (PUFs) have recently gained popularity in treating oil spills. However, conventional petroleum-based PUFs lack selectivity and are commonly surface-modified using complicated processes that require toxic and harmful solvents to enhance their hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacities. In this paper, a novel naturally superoleophilic foam with inherent hydrophobic properties has been developed through the conventional one-shot foaming method with the integration of coconut oil-based polyol. This bio-based polyol was explicitly handpicked as it is chiefly saturated, highly abundant, and inexpensive. The foam is characterized by an oil sorption capacity range of 14.89-24.65 g g-1 for different types of oil, equivalent to 578-871 times its weight. Its hydrophobic behavior is expressed through a water contact angle of ~ 139°. The foam also showcased excellent chemical stability and high recyclability without a significant loss in absorption capacity after 20 cycles. The incorporation of the coconut oil-based polyol is also shown to improve the morphological, mechanical, and thermal behavior of the foam. It can be inferred from these findings that this novel material holds great potential for revolutionizing sorbents, pioneering a more sustainable and eco-friendly functional material produced via a facile method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ralph B Tomon
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M Omisol
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Blessy Joy M Aguinid
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Karyl Xyrra L Sabulbero
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Arnold C Alguno
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
- Department of Physics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Roberto M Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines.
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14
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Salih A, Hamandi F, Goswami T. Advancements in Finite Element Modeling for Cardiac Device Leads and 3D Heart Models. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:564. [PMID: 38927800 PMCID: PMC11201100 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human heart's remarkable vitality necessitates a deep understanding of its mechanics, particularly concerning cardiac device leads. This paper presents advancements in finite element modeling for cardiac leads and 3D heart models, leveraging computational simulations to assess lead behavior over time. Through detailed modeling and meshing techniques, we accurately captured the complex interactions between leads and heart tissue. Material properties were assigned based on ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards and in vivo exposure data, ensuring realistic simulations. Our results demonstrate close agreement between experimental and simulated data for silicone insulation in pacemaker leads, with a mean force tolerance of 19.6 N ± 3.6 N, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 6.3 MPa ± 1.15 MPa, and a percentage elongation of 125% ± 18.8%, highlighting the effectiveness of simulation in predicting lead performance. Similarly, for polyurethane insulation in ICD leads, we found a mean force of 65.87 N ± 7.1 N, a UTS of 10.7 MPa ± 1.15 MPa, and a percentage elongation of 259.3% ± 21.4%. Additionally, for polyurethane insulation in CRT leads, we observed a mean force of 53.3 N ± 2.06 N, a UTS of 22.11 MPa ± 0.85 MPa, and a percentage elongation of 251.6% ± 13.2%. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between mechanical properties, further validating the simulation models. Classification models constructed using both experimental and simulated data exhibited high discriminative ability, underscoring the reliability of simulation in analyzing lead behavior. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve cardiac device lead design and optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Salih
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Farah Hamandi
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Tarun Goswami
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, OH 45409, USA
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15
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Tan M, Wang F, Yang J, Zhong Z, Chen G, Chen Z. Hydroxyl silicone oil grafting onto a rough thermoplastic polyurethane surface created durable super-hydrophobicity. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1359-1378. [PMID: 38490948 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2329453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Indwelling medical catheters are frequently utilized in medical procedures, but they are highly susceptible to infection, posing a vital challenge for both health workers and patients. In this study, the superhydrophobic micro-nanostructure surface was constructed on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane using heavy calcium carbonate (CaCO3) template. To decrease the surface free energy, hydroxyl silicone oil was grafted onto the surface, forming a super-hydrophobic surface. The water contact angle (WCA) increased from 91.1° to 143 ± 3° when the concentration of heavy calcium CaCO3 was 20% (weight-to-volume (w/v)). However, the increased WCA was unstable and tended to decrease over time. After grafting hydroxyl silicone oil, the WCA rose to 152.05 ± 1.62° and remained consistently high for a period of 30 min. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis revealed a chemical crosslinking between silicone oil and the surface of TPU. Furthermore, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed the presence of numerous nanoparticles on the micro surface. Atomic force microscope (AFM) testing indicated a significant improvement in surface roughness. This method of creating a hydrophobic surface demonstrated several advantages, including resistance to cell, bacterial, protein, and platelet adhesion and good biosecurity. Therefore, it holds promising potential for application in the development of TPU-based medical catheters with antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlan Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Zhong
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
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16
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Jia B, Huang H, Dong Z, Ren X, Lu Y, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhao X, Guo B. Degradable biomedical elastomers: paving the future of tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4086-4153. [PMID: 38465517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00923h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Degradable biomedical elastomers (DBE), characterized by controlled biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, tailored elasticity, and favorable network design and processability, have become indispensable in tissue repair. This review critically examines the recent advances of biodegradable elastomers for tissue repair, focusing mainly on degradation mechanisms and evaluation, synthesis and crosslinking methods, microstructure design, processing techniques, and tissue repair applications. The review explores the material composition and cross-linking methods of elastomers used in tissue repair, addressing chemistry-related challenges and structural design considerations. In addition, this review focuses on the processing methods of two- and three-dimensional structures of elastomers, and systematically discusses the contribution of processing methods such as solvent casting, electrostatic spinning, and three-/four-dimensional printing of DBE. Furthermore, we describe recent advances in tissue repair using DBE, and include advances achieved in regenerating different tissues, including nerves, tendons, muscle, cardiac, and bone, highlighting their efficacy and versatility. The review concludes by discussing the current challenges in material selection, biodegradation, bioactivation, and manufacturing in tissue repair, and suggests future research directions. This concise yet comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights and technical guidance for advances in DBE for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jia
- School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Heyuan Huang
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ren
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Yanyan Lu
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Shaowen Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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17
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Salam LB. Metagenomic investigations into the microbial consortia, degradation pathways, and enzyme systems involved in the biodegradation of plastics in a tropical lentic pond sediment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:172. [PMID: 38630153 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The exploitation of exciting features of plastics for diverse applications has resulted in significant plastic waste generation, which negatively impacts environmental compartments, metabolic processes, and the well-being of aquatic ecosystems biota. A shotgun metagenomic approach was deployed to investigate the microbial consortia, degradation pathways, and enzyme systems involved in the degradation of plastics in a tropical lentic pond sediment (APS). Functional annotation of the APS proteome (ORFs) using the PlasticDB database revealed annotation of 1015 proteins of enzymes such as depolymerase, esterase, lipase, hydrolase, nitrobenzylesterase, chitinase, carboxylesterase, polyesterase, oxidoreductase, polyamidase, PETase, MHETase, laccase, alkane monooxygenase, among others involved in the depolymerization of the plastic polymers. It also revealed that polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and nylon have the highest number of annotated enzymes. Further annotation using the KEGG GhostKOALA revealed that except for terephthalate, all the other degradation products of the plastic polymers depolymerization such as glyoxylate, adipate, succinate, 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, lactate, and acetaldehyde were further metabolized to intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Taxonomic characterization of the annotated proteins using the AAI Profiler and BLASTP revealed that Pseudomonadota members dominate most plastic types, followed by Actinomycetota and Acidobacteriota. The study reveals novel plastic degraders from diverse phyla hitherto not reported to be involved in plastic degradation. This suggests that plastic pollution in aquatic environments is prevalent with well-adapted degrading communities and could be the silver lining in mitigating the impacts of plastic pollution in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef B Salam
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria.
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18
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Šimunović L, Čekalović Agović S, Marić AJ, Bačić I, Klarić E, Uribe F, Meštrović S. Color and Chemical Stability of 3D-Printed and Thermoformed Polyurethane-Based Aligners. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1067. [PMID: 38674987 PMCID: PMC11054520 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant rise in the use of clear aligners for orthodontic treatment is attributed to their aesthetic appeal, enhancing patient appearance and self-confidence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aligners' response to common staining agents (coffee, black tea, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull) in color and chemical stability. Polyurethane-based thermoformed and 3D-printed aligners from four brands were exposed to common beverages to assess color change using a VITA Easyshade compact colorimeter after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days, as well as chemical stability using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The brand, beverage, and manufacturing method significantly influence color stability. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed compositional differences, with variations in response to beverage exposure affecting the integrity of polymer bonds. Color change analysis showed coffee as the most potent staining agent, particularly affecting Tera Harz TC85 aligners, while ClearCorrect aligners exhibited the least susceptibility. 3D-printed aligners showed a greater color change compared to thermoformed ones. Aligners with a PETG outer layer are more resistant to stains and chemical alterations than those made of polyurethane. Additionally, 3D-printed polyurethane aligners stain more than thermoformed ones. Therefore, PETG-layered aligners are a more reliable choice for maintaining the aesthetic integrity of aligners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Antun Jakob Marić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Bačić
- Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić”, Ministry of the Interior, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Eva Klarić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Flavio Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Senka Meštrović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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19
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Zhang ML, Zhang GP, Ma HS, Pan YZ, Liao XL. Preparation of pH-responsive polyurethane nano micelles and their antibacterial application. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:519-534. [PMID: 38265701 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2301807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Considering the differences in pH between bacterial infection microenvironment and normal tissues, a series of pH-responsive drug-release amphiphilic polyurethane copolymers (DPU-g-PEG) have been prepared in this work. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR was selected to detect the structure of the condensed polymers. The DPU-g-PEG amphiphilic copolymers could form stable micelles with a hydrophilic shell of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a hydrophobic core of polylactic acid (PLA). We loaded a model drug called triclosan onto DPU-g-PEG micelles and studied how pH affects their particle size, Zeta potential, and drug release performance. The results revealed that when exposed to acidic conditions, the surface potential of DPU-g-PEG micelles changed, the micelles' particle size increased, and the drug release performance was significantly enhanced. These results suggested that the micelles prepared in this study can release more antibacterial substances at sites of bacterial infection. Meanwhile, we also investigated the impact of different ratios of soft and hard segments on the properties of micelles, and the results showed that the pH responsiveness of micelles was strongest when the ratio of soft segments (PLLA diol + PEG 2000): 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI): 2,6-Bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetraone (DMA) = 1: 1.2: 0.2. Furthermore, the results of inhibition zone test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) all confirmed the antibacterial activity of triclosan-load DPU-g-PEG micelles. In conclusion, the DPU-g-PEG micelles produced in this study have the potential to be used as intelligent drug delivery systems in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Lan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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20
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Pierrard A, Melo SF, Thijssen Q, Van Vlierberghe S, Lancellotti P, Oury C, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Design of 3D-Photoprintable, Bio-, and Hemocompatible Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Elastomers for Biomedical Implants. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1810-1824. [PMID: 38360581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) have adjustable mechanical properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including in the biomedical field. Historically, these PUs have been synthesized from isocyanates, which are toxic compounds to handle. This has encouraged the search for safer and more environmentally friendly synthetic routes, leading today to the production of nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). Among these NIPUs, polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) bear additional hydroxyl groups, which are particularly attractive for derivatizing and adjusting their physicochemical properties. In this paper, polyether-based NIPU elastomers with variable stiffness are designed by functionalizing the hydroxyl groups of a poly(propylene glycol)-PHU by a cyclic carbonate carrying a pendant unsaturation, enabling them to be post-photo-cross-linked with polythiols (thiol-ene). Elastomers with remarkable mechanical properties whose stiffness can be adjusted are obtained. Thanks to the unique viscous properties of these PHU derivatives and their short gel times observed by rheology experiments, formulations for light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing have been developed. Objects were 3D-printed by digital light processing with a resolution down to the micrometer scale, demonstrating their ability to target various designs of prime importance for personalized medicine. In vitro biocompatibility tests have confirmed the noncytotoxicity of these materials for human fibroblasts. In vitro hemocompatibility tests have revealed that they do not induce hemolytic effects, they do not increase platelet adhesion, nor activate coagulation, demonstrating their potential for future applications in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierrard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 13, Building B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sofia F Melo
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences - Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Quartier Hôpital, Building B34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, Quartier Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Quinten Thijssen
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences - Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Quartier Hôpital, Building B34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Liège, University of Liège Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences - Laboratory of Cardiology, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Quartier Hôpital, Building B34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 13, Building B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 13, Building B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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21
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Albergamo V, Wohlleben W, Plata DL. Tracking Dynamic Chemical Reactivity Networks with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Case of Microplastic-Derived Dissolved Organic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4314-4325. [PMID: 38373233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemical degradation testing often involves monitoring the loss of a chemical or the evolution of a single diagnostic product through time. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to tracing complex degradation networks using mass-spectrometry-based methods and open cheminformatics tools. Ester- and ether-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU_Ester and TPU_Ether) microplastics (350 μm) and microplastics-derived dissolved organic carbon (MP-DOC) were photoweathered in a simulated marine environment and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. We formula-annotated 1342 and 2344 unique features in the MP-DOC of TPU_Ester and TPU_Ether, respectively. From these, we extracted 199 and 568 plausible parent-transformation product pairs via matching of features (a) with complementary increasing and decreasing trends (Spearman's correlation coefficient between normalized intensity and time), (b) spectral similarities of at least three accurate mass MS2 fragments, and (c) at least 3 ppm agreement between the theoretical and measured change in m/z between the parent-transformation product formula. Molecular network analysis revealed that both chain scission and cross-linking reactions occur dynamically rather than degradation proceeding in a monotonic progression to smaller or more oxygenated structures. Network nodes with the highest degree of centrality were tentatively identified using in silico fragmentation and can be prioritized for toxicity screening or other physicochemical properties of interest. This work has important implications for chemical transformation tracking in complex mixtures and may someday enable improved elucidation of environmental transformation rules (i.e., structure-reactivity relationships) and fate modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Albergamo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Desirée L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Li J, Huang C, Ye J. Pollutant transport behavior through polymer cutoff wall: Laboratory test and analytical model investigation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133367. [PMID: 38159521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymer cutoff wall has emerged as a new and promising technology for anti-seepage and anti-pollution in geotechnical engineering. With notable advantages such as rapid sealing, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, this technology has garnered significant attention. This study presents a systematic investigation into the transport characteristics of pollutants in polymer materials, with a specific focus on the transport mechanisms through polymer cutoff wall. The research investigates various factors that influence the pollutant transport characteristics in polymer materials. The objective is to analyze the pollutant transport behavior and obtain the transport parameters. Moreover, the study develops and solves a one-dimensional transport model incorporating partition-diffusion-partition mechanisms, aiming to determines the long-term service performance of polymer wall. These findings contribute to a better understanding of pollutant transport through polymer walls, which is crucial for the future advancement and utilization of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuhao Huang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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23
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Shou T, Wu Y, Yin D, Hu S, Wu S, Zhao X, Zhang L. In-situ self-crosslinking strategy for super-tough polylactic acid/ bio-based polyurethane blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129757. [PMID: 38281538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As a bio-based degradable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) is highly commercialized, but its inherent brittleness limits its widespread use. In-situ polymerization techniques are effective in improving the toughness of PLA. However, the enhancement of the toughening effect in polyurethanes (PUs) through in-situ self-crosslinking still requires improvement and heavily relies on petroleum-derived feedstocks in certain approaches. In this paper, 1,3-polypropanediol (PO3G) of bio-based origin rather than conventional polyols like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly propylene glycol (PPG) was used. PLA/PO3G-PU blends were prepared via an in-situ self-crosslinking strategy. With a notch impact and tensile strength of 55.95 kJ/m2 and 47.77 MPa (a retention rate of 68.9 % compared with pure PLA), respectively, PLA/PO3G-PU blends achieved a better balance between stiffness and toughness. This work provides a new option for PLA to achieve a stiffness-toughness balance and get rid of dependence on petrochemical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaowen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dexian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
| | - Sizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China; Institute of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
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24
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Puszka A, Sikora JW, Nurzyńska A. Influence of the Type of Soft Segment on the Selected Properties of Polyurethane Materials for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:840. [PMID: 38399091 PMCID: PMC10890063 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of new TPUs obtained by melt polyaddition using 1,1'-methanediylbis(4-isocyanatocyclohexane) (HMDI, Desmodur W®), a new unconventional chain extender, i.e., (methanediyldibenze-ne-4,1-diyl)dimethanediol, and five types of soft segments differing in structure and molar masses. The structure of the obtained polymers was determined (by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods), and the physicochemical (reduced viscosity, density), optical (UV-VIS), processing (MFR) and thermal (DSC and TGA-FTIR) as well as surface, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties were determined. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that the type of soft segment used significantly affects the properties of the obtained polymers. The most favorable properties for use in medicine were demonstrated by materials based on a polycarbonate soft segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Puszka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana Street 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz W. Sikora
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka Street 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Nurzyńska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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25
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Hu C, Wang L, Liu S, Sheng X, Yin L. Recent Development of Implantable Chemical Sensors Utilizing Flexible and Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3969-3995. [PMID: 38271679 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Implantable chemical sensors built with flexible and biodegradable materials exhibit immense potential for seamless integration with biological systems by matching the mechanical properties of soft tissues and eliminating device retraction procedures. Compared with conventional hospital-based blood tests, implantable chemical sensors have the capability to achieve real-time monitoring with high accuracy of important biomarkers such as metabolites, neurotransmitters, and proteins, offering valuable insights for clinical applications. These innovative sensors could provide essential information for preventive diagnosis and effective intervention. To date, despite extensive research on flexible and bioresorbable materials for implantable electronics, the development of chemical sensors has faced several challenges related to materials and device design, resulting in only a limited number of successful accomplishments. This review highlights recent advancements in implantable chemical sensors based on flexible and biodegradable materials, encompassing their sensing strategies, materials strategies, and geometric configurations. The following discussions focus on demonstrated detection of various objects including ions, small molecules, and a few examples of macromolecules using flexible and/or bioresorbable implantable chemical sensors. Finally, we will present current challenges and explore potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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26
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Szeptyński P, Pochopień JG, Jasińska D, Kwiecień A. The Influence of the Flexibility of a Polymeric Adhesive Layer on the Mechanical Response of a Composite Reinforced Concrete Slab and a Reinforced Concrete Beam Girder. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:444. [PMID: 38337333 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the challenges of modeling flexible connections in composite structures employing a polymeric adhesive layer. These types of connections provide a more uniform stress distribution compared to conventional rigid connectors. However, they lack standardized design rules and still require much research to sufficiently comprehend their properties. The novelty of this research lies in proposing an analytical solution to address these issues. Its aim is to investigate the influence of the stiffness of the polymer adhesive on the girder's deflection and on the maximum stresses in both the adhesive and concrete. The analyzed composite structure consists of a reinforced concrete (RC) slab and an RC beam connected with a layer of flexible polyurethane (FPU) adhesive. Analytical and numerical approaches for the description of the mechanical response of a composite bridge girder are presented. Another objective is to validate the analytical design formulas using 3D nonlinear numerical analysis, both in the case of uncracked and cracked concrete. Seven types of FPUs are tested in the uniaxial tension test, each examined at five strain rates. The obtained data is used to predict the mechanical response of the considered girder using finite element analysis (FEA) as well as with a simplified one-dimensional composite beam theory. Fair agreement is found between the FEA results and theoretical predictions. A comparison of the results obtained for these two models is performed, and the similarities and discrepancies are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szeptyński
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Jasińska
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kwiecień
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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27
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Mouren A, Pollet E, Avérous L. Synthesis and Assessment of Novel Sustainable Antioxidants with Different Polymer Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:413. [PMID: 38337302 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are essential to the polymer industry. The addition of antioxidants delays oxidation and material degradation during their processing and usage. Sustainable phenolic acids such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were selected. They were chemically modified by esterification to obtain various durable molecules, which were tested and then compared to resveratrol, a biobased antioxidant, and Irganox 1076, a well-known and very efficient fossil-based antioxidant. Different sensitive matrices were used, such as a thermoplastic polyolefin (a blend of PP and PE) and a purposely synthesized thermoplastic polyurethane. Several formulations were then produced, with the different antioxidants in varying amounts. The potential of these different systems was analyzed using various techniques and processes. In addition to antioxidant efficiency, other parameters were also evaluated, such as the evolution of the sample color. Finally, an accelerated aging protocol was set up to evaluate variations in polymer properties and estimate the evolution of the potential of different antioxidants tested over time and with aging. In conclusion, these environmentally friendly antioxidants make it possible to obtain high-performance materials with an efficiency comparable to that of the conventional ones, with variations according to the type of matrix considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Mouren
- BioTeam/ICPEES ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France
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28
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Kim TH, Kim M, Kim EJ, Ju M, Kim JS, Lee SH. Highly Stretchable Thermoplastic Polyurethane Separators for Li-Ion Batteries Based on Non-Solvent-Induced Phase Separation Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:357. [PMID: 38337246 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in wearable and portable devices has stimulated the need for flexible and stretchable lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). A crucial component in these batteries is the separator, which provides a pathway for Li-ion transfer and prevents electrode contact. In a flexible and stretchable LiB, the separator must exhibit stretchability and elasticity akin to its existing counterparts. Here, we developed a non-modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) separator using the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. We compared their performance with commercially available polypropylene (PP) separators. Our results demonstrate that TPU separators exhibit superior elasticity based on repeated stretch/release tests with excellent thermal stability and electrolyte wettability. Furthermore, our findings confirm that TPU separators, even after being repeatedly stretched and released, can function effectively without severe damage in a fabricated coin cell LiB with high oxidative stability, as evidenced by linear sweep voltammetry, like commercially available separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - MinSu Kim
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minu Ju
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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29
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Jang JW, Cha I, Choi J, Han J, Hwang JY, Cho IG, Son SU, Kang EJ, Song C. Biomass- and Carbon Dioxide-Derived Polyurethane Networks for Thermal Interface Material Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:177. [PMID: 38256976 PMCID: PMC10820237 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent environmental concerns have increased demand for renewable polymers and sustainable green resource usage, such as biomass-derived components and carbon dioxide (CO2). Herein, we present crosslinked polyurethanes (CPUs) fabricated from CO2- and biomass-derived monomers via a facile solvent-free ball milling process. Furan-containing bis(cyclic carbonate)s were synthesized through CO2 fixation and further transformed to tetraols, denoted FCTs, by aminolysis and utilized in CPU synthesis. Highly dispersed polyurethane-based hybrid composites (CPU-Ag) were also manufactured using a similar ball milling process. Due to the malleability of the CPU matrix, enabled by transcarbamoylation (dynamic covalent chemistry), CPU-based composites are expected to present very low interfacial thermal resistance between the heat sink and heat source. The characteristics of the dynamic covalent bond (i.e., urethane exchange reaction) were confirmed by the results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and stress relaxation analysis. Importantly, the high thermal conductivity of the CPU-based hybrid material was confirmed using laser flash analysis (up to 51.1 W/m·K). Our mechanochemical approach enables the facile preparation of sustainable polymers and hybrid composites for functional application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Inhwan Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Junhyeon Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Jungwoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Joon Young Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Il Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
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30
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Akram N, Shahbaz M, Zia KM, Usman M, Ali A, Al-Salahi R, Abuelizz HA, Delattre C. Investigation of the in vitro biological activities of polyethylene glycol-based thermally stable polyurethane elastomers. RSC Adv 2024; 14:779-793. [PMID: 38174249 PMCID: PMC10759036 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The intense urge to replace conventional polymers with ecofriendly monomers is a step towards green products. The novelty of this study is the extraction of starch from the biowaste of wheat bran (WB) and banana peel (BP) for use as a monomer in the form of chain extenders. For the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) elastomers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) bearing an average molecular weight Mn = 1000 g mol-1 was used as a macrodiol, which was reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to develop NCO-terminated prepolymer chains. These prepolymer chains were terminated with chain extenders. Two series of linear PU elastomers were prepared by varying the concentration of chain extenders (0.5-2.5 mol%), inducing a variation of 40 to 70 wt% in the hard segment (HS). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of urethane linkages. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a thermal stability of up to 250 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a storage modulus (E') of up to 140 MPa. Furthermore, the hemolytic activities of up to 8.97 ± 0.1% were recorded. The inhibition of biofilm formation was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus (%), which was supported by phase contrast microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 1 Rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
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Wang H, Chen R, Song D, Sun G, Yu J, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhu J, Liu P, Wang J. Silicone-modified polyurea-interpenetrating polymer network fouling release coatings with excellent wear resistance property tailored to regulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:971-980. [PMID: 37776724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of alien species via marine organisms attaching to the surfaces of ship hulls is a growing problem. A number of countries have introduced corresponding regulations to combat ship biofouling. One effective way to solve this problem is to apply a fouling release coating with excellent wear resistance. In this study, a silicone-modified polyaspartic ester polyurea was synthesized by a simultaneous crosslinking polymerization. Polyaspartic ester polyurea is employed to form a tightly cross-linked network with excellent toughness and outstanding adhesion, while polydimethylsiloxane is used to form a relatively soft cross-linked network with low surface energy and surface elasticity modulus. Polyurea and silicone molecular chain lock onto each other to form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) through their respective polymerization systems and cross-linking processes. The synergy between silicone and polyurea provides excellent mechanical properties as well as fouling release performance through the locking mechanism. This study provides a promising and universal strategy for the development of fouling release coatings with excellent wear resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China.
| | - Dalei Song
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Gaohui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Nanhai Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Hainan 572024, China
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Uboldi M, Chiappa A, Rossi M, Briatico-Vangosa F, Melocchi A, Zema L. Development of a multi-component gastroretentive expandable drug delivery system (GREDDS) for personalized administration of metformin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:131-149. [PMID: 38088371 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2294884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficacy and compliance of type II diabetes treatment would greatly benefit from dosage forms providing controlled release of metformin in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In this respect, the feasibility of a new system ensuring stomach-retention and personalized release of this drug at its absorption window for multiple days was investigated. METHODS The system proposed comprised of a drug-containing core and a viscoelastic umbrella-like skeleton, which were manufactured by melt-casting and 3D printing. Prototypes, alone or upon assembly and insertion into commercially-available capsules, were characterized for key parameters: thermo-mechanical properties, accelerated stability, degradation, drug release, deployment performance, and resistance to simulated gastric contractions. RESULTS Each part of the system was successfully manufactured using purposely-selected materials and the performance of final prototypes matched the desired one. This included: i) easy folding of the skeleton against the core in the collapsed administered shape, ii) rapid recovery of the cumbersome configuration at the target site, even upon storage, and iii) prolonged release of metformin. CONCLUSIONS Composition, geometry, and performance of the system developed in this work were deemed acceptable for stomach-retention and prolonged as well as customizable release of metformin in its absorption window, laying promising bases for further development steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Uboldi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Chiappa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Melocchi
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zema
- Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Yu N, An ZW, Zhang JL, Cheng BX, Ye K, Wang S, Wu W, Li RKY, Tan X, Zhao H. Recent Advances in Tailored Fabrication and Properties of Biobased Self-Healing Polyurethane. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4605-4621. [PMID: 37917193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of challenges in the environmental degradation and resource scarcity fields, the research of biobased self-healing polyurethane (BSPU) has become a prevailing trend in the technology of the polyurethane industry and a promising direction for developing biomass resources. Here, the production of BSPU from lignocellulose, vegetable oil, chitosan, collagen, and coumarin is classified, and the principles of designing polyurethane based on compelling examples using the latest methods and current research are summarized. Moreover, the impact of biomass materials on self-healing and mechanical properties, as well as the tailored performance method, are presented in detail. Finally, the applications of BSPU in biomedicine, sensors, coatings, etc. are also summarized, and the possible challenges and development prospects are explored to helpfully make progress in the development of BSPU. These findings demonstrate valuable references and practical significance for future BSPU research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ze-Wei An
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jia-Le Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bing-Xu Cheng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kang Ye
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Robert K Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuecai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Acierno D, Graziosi L, Patti A. Puncture Resistance and UV aging of Nanoparticle-Loaded Waterborne Polyurethane-Coated Polyester Textiles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6844. [PMID: 37959441 PMCID: PMC10650790 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of different types of nanoparticles on the UV weathering resistance of polyurethane (PU) treatment in polyester-based fabrics. In this regard, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO), hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (SiO2 (200)), hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SiO2 (R812)), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were mixed into a waterborne polyurethane dispersion and impregnated into textile samples. The puncturing resistance of the developed specimens was examined before and after UV-accelerated aging. The changes in chemical structure and surface appearance in nanoparticle-containing systems and after UV treatments were documented using microscopic pictures and infrared spectroscopy (in attenuated total reflectance mode). Polyurethane impregnation significantly enhanced the puncturing strength of the neat fabric and reduced the textile's ability to be deformed. However, after UV aging, mechanical performance was reduced both in the neat and PU-impregnated specimens. After UV treatment, the average puncture strength of all nanoparticle-containing systems was always greater than that of aged fabrics impregnated with PU alone. In all cases, infrared spectroscopy revealed some slight differences in the absorbance intensity of characteristic peaks for polyurethane polymer in specimens before and after UV rays, which could be related to probable degradation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Acierno
- Regional Center of Competence New Technologies for Productive Activities Scarl, Via Nuova Agnano 11, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Lucia Graziosi
- Regional Center of Competence New Technologies for Productive Activities Scarl, Via Nuova Agnano 11, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella Patti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAr), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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Pierrard A, Aqil A, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Thermal and UV Curable Formulations of Poly(propylene glycol)-Poly(hydroxyurethane) Elastomers toward Nozzle-Based 3D Photoprinting. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4375-4384. [PMID: 36113039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, isocyanate-free formulations for poly(propylene glycol) polyurethane elastomers are studied. These formulations are based on poly(propylene glycol) end-capped by CO2-sourced cyclic carbonate (bisCC PPG) macromonomers able to react with amines leading to poly(hydroxyurethane)s. In order to obtain covalent networks, two curing approaches are studied. First, the direct thermally activated cross-linking of bisCC PPG with a mixture of various aliphatic or aromatic diamines and a triamine is investigated, and in particular the nature of the diamine on the mechanical properties. In the second approach, UV-activated formulations are developed by reacting bisCC PPG with allylamine followed by the addition of a trithiol by photoactivated thiol-ene reaction. The swelling tests show that both systems provide highly cross-linked polymer networks and complementary characterizations highlighted excellent mechanical properties. Thanks to the fast curing and adapted viscosity of the developed photoactive formulation, the latter was found suitable for use as a photoresin for 3D printing as demonstrated by printing a vaginal ring by a nozzle-based photoprinter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierrard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Abdelhafid Aqil
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM RU, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Ernzen JR, Covas JA, Marcos-Fernández A, Fiorio R, Bianchi O. Soybean-Based Polyol as a Substitute of Fossil-Based Polyol on the Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: The Effect of Its Content on Morphological and Physicochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4010. [PMID: 37836059 PMCID: PMC10574837 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are remarkably versatile polymers due to the wide range of raw materials available for their synthesis, resulting in physicochemical characteristics that can be tailored according to the specific requirements of their final applications. In this study, a renewable bio-based polyol obtained from soybean oil is used for the synthesis of TPU via reactive extrusion, and the influence of the bio-based polyol on the multi-phase structure and properties of the TPU is studied. As raw materials, 4,4'-diphenylmethane (MDI), 1,4-butanediol, a fossil-based polyester polyol, and a bio-based polyol are used. The fossil-based to soybean-based polyol ratios studied are 100/0, 99/1, 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, and 50/50% by weight, respectively. The TPUs were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gel content analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angle measurements. The results reveal that incorporating the renewable polyol enhances the compatibility between the rigid and flexible segments of the TPU. However, due to its high functionality, the addition of soybean-based polyol can promote cross-linking. This phenomenon reduces the density of hydrogen bonds within the material, also reducing polarity and restricting macromolecular mobility, as corroborated by higher glass transition temperature (Tg) values. Remarkably, the addition of small amounts of the bio-based polyol (up to 5 wt.% of the total polyol content) results in high-molecular-weight TPUs with lower polarity, combined with suitable processability and mechanical properties, thus broadening the range of applications and improving their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano R. Ernzen
- Mantoflex Poliuretanos, Caxias do Sul 95045175, Brazil;
- PGMAT, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070560, Brazil
| | - José A. Covas
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Angel Marcos-Fernández
- Elastomers Group, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for “Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy” (SUSPLAST-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudinei Fiorio
- Department of Circular Chemical Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Geleen, The Netherlands;
| | - Otávio Bianchi
- PGMAT, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070560, Brazil
- Department of Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040040, Brazil
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Salgado CA, Silva JG, Almeida FAD, Vanetti MCD. Biodegradation of polyurethanes by Serratia liquefaciens L135 and its polyurethanase: In silico and in vitro analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122016. [PMID: 37339733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are found in many everyday products and their disposal leads to environmental accumulation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ecologically sustainable techniques to biodegrade and recycle this recalcitrant polymer and replace traditional methods that form harmful by-products. Serratia liquefaciens L135 secretes a polyurethanase with lipase activity, and this study explores the biodegradation of PUs by this bacterium and its enzyme through in silico and in vitro analyses. PUs monomers and tetramers were constructed in silico and tested with modeled and validated structure of the polyurethanase from S. liquefaciens. The molecular docking showed that all PUs monomers presented favorable interactions with polyurethanase (values of binding energy between -84.75 and -121.71 kcal mol-1), including PU poly[4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate)-alt-1,4-butanediol/di (propylene glycol)/polycaprolactone] (PCLMDI). Due to repulsive steric interactions, tetramers showed less favorable interactions (values between 24.26 and -45.50 kcal mol-1). In vitro analyses evaluated the biodegradation of PUs: Impranil® and PCLMDI; this latter showed high binding energy with this polyurethanase in silico. The biodegradation of Impranil® by S. liquefaciens and its partially purified polyurethanase was confirmed in agar by forming a transparent halo. Impranil® disks inoculated with S. liquefaciens and incubated at 30 °C for six days showed rupture of the PU structure, possibly due to the formation of cracks visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PCLMDI films were also biodegraded by S. liquefaciens after 60 days of incubation, with the formation of pores and cracks visualized by SEM. The biodegradation may have occurred due to the action of polyurethanase produced by this bacterium. This work provides essential information on the potential of S. liquefaciens to biodegrade PUs through in silico analyses combined with in vitro analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júnio Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes (ILCT), Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Luo Y, Geng Z, Zhang W, He J, Yang R. Strategy for Constructing Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retarded Polyurethane Elastomers for Advanced Performance in Long-Term. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37765565 PMCID: PMC10537912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomer (PUE), which is widely used in coatings for construction, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and other fields, has excellent physical properties. However, polyurethane elastomers are flammable, which limits their daily use, so the flame retardancy of polyurethane elastomers is very important. Reactive flame retardants have the advantages of little influence on the physical properties of polymers and low tendency to migrate out. Due to the remarkable needs of non-halogenated flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardant has gradually stood out as the main alternative. In this review, we focus on the fire safety of PUE and provide a detailed overview of the current molecular design and mechanisms of reactive phosphorus-containing, as well as P-N synergistic, flame retardants in PUE. From the structural characteristics, several basic aspects of PUE are overviewed, including thermal performance, combustion performance, and mechanical properties. In addition, the perspectives on the future advancement of phosphorus-containing flame-retarded polyurethane elastomers (PUE) are also discussed. Based on the past research, this study provides prospects for the application of flame-retarded PUE in the fields of self-healing materials, bio-based materials, wearable electronic devices, and solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Fei J, Rong Y, Zhu L, Li H, Zhang X, Lu Y, An J, Bao Q, Huang X. Progress in Photocurable 3D Printing of Photosensitive Polyurethane: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300211. [PMID: 37294875 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as a class of advanced additive manufacturing (AM) technology, photocurable 3D printing has gained increasing attention. Based on its outstanding printing efficiency and molding accuracy, it is employed in various fields, such as industrial manufacturing, biomedical, soft robotics, electronic sensors. Photocurable 3D printing is a molding technology based on the principle of area-selective curing of photopolymerization reaction. At present, the main printing material suitable for this technology is the photosensitive resin, a composite mixture consisting of a photosensitive prepolymer, reactive monomer, photoinitiator, and other additives. As the technique research deepens and its application gets more developed, the design of printing materials suitable for different applications is becoming the hotspot. Specifically, these materials not only can be photocured but also have excellent properties, such as elasticity, tear resistance, fatigue resistance. Photosensitive polyurethanes can endow photocured resin with desirable performance due to their unique molecular structure including the inherent alternating soft and hard segments, and microphase separation. For this reason, this review summarizes and comments on the research and application progress of photocurable 3D printing of photosensitive polyurethanes, analyzing the advantages and shortcomings of this technology, also offering an outlook on this rapid development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Fei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Youjie Rong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Jian An
- Shanxi Coal Center Hospital, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Qingbo Bao
- Shanxi Coal Center Hospital, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Metal Materials of Shanxi Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Liang Y, Liu Y. Polyurethanes Modified by Ionic Liquids and Their Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11627. [PMID: 37511385 PMCID: PMC10380480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) refers to the polymer containing carbamate groups in its molecular structure, generally obtained by the reaction of isocyanate and alcohol. Because of its flexible formulation, diverse product forms, and excellent performance, it has been widely used in mechanical engineering, electronic equipment, biomedical applications, etc. Through physical or chemical methods, ionic groups are introduced into PU, which gives PU electrical conductivity, flame-retardant, and antistatic properties, thus expanding the application fields of PU, especially in flexible devices such as sensors, actuators, and functional membranes for batteries and gas absorption. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of PU in chemical and microphase structures and their related physical and chemical performance. To improve the performance of PU, ionic liquids (ILs) were applied in the processing or synthesis of PU, resulting in a new type of PU called ionic PU. In the following part of this review, we mainly summarized the fabrication methods of IL-modified PUs via physical blending and the chemical copolymerization method. Then, we summarized the research progress of the applications for IL-modified PUs in different fields, including sensors, actuators, transistors, antistatic films, etc. Finally, we discussed the future development trends and challenges faced by IL-modified PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yingdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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41
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Maestri C, Plancher L, Duthoit A, Hébert RL, Di Martino P. Fungal Biodegradation of Polyurethanes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:760. [PMID: 37504748 PMCID: PMC10381151 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PURs) are versatile polymers used in a wide variety of fields, such as the medical, automotive, textile, thermal insulation, and coating industries as well as many everyday objects. Many PURs have applications that require a long service life, sometimes with exposure to aggressive conditions. They can undergo different types of physicochemical and biological degradation, but they are not compostable, and many of them constitute persistent waste in the environment. Although both bacteria and fungi can be involved in the degradation of PURs, fungi are often the main biodegradation agents. The chemical structure of PURs determines their degree of biodegradation. Fungal biodegradation of PURs is linked to the production of enzymes, mainly esterases and proteases, alongside laccases, peroxidases, and tyrosinases, which can modify the structure of polyurethane compounds by forming carbonyl groups. The experimental analysis of the biodegradation of PUR can be carried out by bringing the polymer into contact with a mold in pure culture or with a microbial consortium. Then, global measurements can be taken, such as weight loss, tensile tests, or the ability of microorganisms to grow in the presence of PUR as the sole carbon source. The analysis of the chemical structure of the polymer and its degradation products after fungal growth can confirm biodegradation and specify the mechanism. The main avenues of future research are directed towards the development of fully biodegradable PURs and, on the contrary, towards the development of PURs that are more resistant to degradation phenomena, in particular biodegradation, for applications where the material is in contact with living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Maestri
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, Cergy Paris University, 1 Rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
- Laboratoire GEC, Cergy Paris University, 1 Rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
- SPPM-27 Rue Raffet, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Plancher
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, Cergy Paris University, 1 Rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
- Laboratoire GEC, Cergy Paris University, 1 Rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | | | - Ronan L Hébert
- Laboratoire GEC, Cergy Paris University, 1 Rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Patrick Di Martino
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, Cergy Paris University, 1 Rue Descartes, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
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Chen G, Liu T, Luan P, Li N, Sun Y, Tao J, Yan B, Cheng Z. Distribution, migration, and removal of N-containing products during polyurethane pyrolysis: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131406. [PMID: 37084514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide applications of polyurethane (PU), production is constantly increasing, accounting for 8% of produced plastics. PU has been regarded as the 6th most used polymer in the world. Improper disposal of waste PU will result in serious environmental consequences. The pyrolysis of polymers is one of the most commonly used disposal methods, but PU pyrolysis easily produces toxic and harmful nitrogen-containing substances due to its high nitrogen content. This paper reviews the decomposition pathways, kinetic characteristics, and migration of N-element by product distribution during PU pyrolysis. PU ester bonds break to produce isocyanates and alcohols or decarboxylate to produce primary amines, which are then further decomposed to MDI, MAI, and MDA. The nitrogenous products, including NH3, HCN, and benzene derivatives, are released by the breakage of C-C and C-N bonds. The N-element migration mechanism is concluded. Meanwhile, this paper reviews the removal of gaseous pollution from PU pyrolysis and discusses the removal mechanism in depth. Among the catalysts for pollutant removal, CaO has the most superior catalytic performance and can convert fuel-N to N2 by adsorption and dehydrogenation reactions. At the end of the review, new challenges for the utilization and high-quality recycling of PU are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Luan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yunan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Junyu Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Waste Utilization, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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43
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Li W, Qiao M, Chen Z, Jin X, Su Y, Chen X, Guo L, Zhang Z, Su J. H-bond interaction traps vibrating fluorophore in polyurethane matrix for bifunctional environmental monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37254604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple strategy is presented for the bifunctional detection of environmental organic vapor and temperature by utilizing H-bond interactions to trap a butterfly-vibration-based fluorophore (DPAC-OH) in a polyurethane (PU) matrix. The method opens up a new path for large-scale environmental inspections and the design of dual-response luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengyuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yonghao Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuanying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Costantini R, Nodari L, La Nasa J, Modugno F, Bonasera L, Rago S, Zoleo A, Legnaioli S, Tomasin P. Preserving the Ephemeral: A Micro-Invasive Study on a Set of Polyurethane Scenic Objects from the 1960s and 1970s. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092111. [PMID: 37177259 PMCID: PMC10181275 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the innovative materials used by 20th-century artists, polyurethane (PUR) has been shown to be highly unstable, and therefore artworks made of it are now in need of careful conservation strategies. This study presents a multi-analytical investigation of PUR foam scenic objects originally made between the 1960s and 1970s during the Italian Arte Viva movement. The main components in the foam and additives were characterized through micro attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (μ-ATR-FTIR) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Painted samples were further investigated through μ-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to define binders and pigments. The use of μ-ATR-FTIR in combination with evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) allowed the variable conditions of the artworks to be assessed and attained some insights into the chemical processes responsible for aging. At the same time, morphological changes due to the degradation phenomena were recorded through optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The detailed characterization of the PUR foam and painting materials was helpful in attaining some insights into harmful environmental parameters for the artworks, thus informing preventive conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Costantini
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council, (ICMATE-CNR), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Nodari
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council, (ICMATE-CNR), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Bonasera
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Rago
- Department of Cultural Heritage: Archaeology and History of Art, Cinema and Music, University of Padova, Piazza Capitaniato 7, 35139 Padova, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zoleo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Legnaioli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, (ICCOM-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Tomasin
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council, (ICMATE-CNR), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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Zainuddin MZ, Abu Bakar AA, Adam AN, Abdullah SM, Tamchek N, Alauddin MS, Mahat MM, Wiwatcharagoses N, Alforidi A, Ghazali MIM. Mechanical and Structural Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate as Additive in Blend Material in Additive Manufacturing for Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081849. [PMID: 37111996 PMCID: PMC10145977 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, additive manufacturing (AM) is considered one of the vital tenets of the industry 4.0 revolution due to its high productivity, decentralized production and rapid prototyping. This work aims to study the mechanical and structural properties of polyhydroxybutyrate as an additive in blend materials and its potential in medical applications. PHB/PUA blend resins were formulated with 0 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 12 wt.% and 18 wt.% of PHB concentration. Stereolithography or an SLA 3D printing technique were used to evaluate the printability of the PHB/PUA blend resins. Additionally, from FESEM analysis, a change was observed in PUA's microstructure, with an additional number of voids spotted. Furthermore, from XRD analysis, as PHB concentration increased, the crystallinity index (CI) also increased. This indicates the brittleness properties of the materials, which correlated to the weak performance of the tensile and impact properties. Next, the effect of PHB loading concentration within PHB/PUA blends and aging duration towards the mechanical performance of tensile and impact properties was also studied by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a two-way method. Finally, 12 wt.% of PHB/PUA was selected to 3D print the finger splint due to its characteristics, which are compatible to be used in finger bone fracture recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulhilmi Zainuddin
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adnan Abu Bakar
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nurhelmy Adam
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Shahino Mah Abdullah
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Nizam Tamchek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nophadon Wiwatcharagoses
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Ahmad Alforidi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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46
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Wasyłeczko M, Remiszewska E, Sikorska W, Dulnik J, Chwojnowski A. Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering from a Blend of Polyethersulfone and Polyurethane Polymers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073195. [PMID: 37049957 PMCID: PMC10095814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, one of the main goals of cartilage tissue engineering has been to find appropriate scaffolds for hyaline cartilage regeneration, which could serve as a matrix for chondrocytes or stem cell cultures. The study presents three types of scaffolds obtained from a blend of polyethersulfone (PES) and polyurethane (PUR) by a combination of wet-phase inversion and salt-leaching methods. The nonwovens made of gelatin and sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as precursors of macropores. Thus, obtained membranes were characterized by a suitable structure. The top layers were perforated, with pores over 20 µm, which allows cells to enter the membrane. The use of a nonwoven made it possible to develop a three-dimensional network of interconnected macropores that is required for cell activity and mobility. Examination of wettability (contact angle, swelling ratio) showed a hydrophilic nature of scaffolds. The mechanical test showed that the scaffolds were suitable for knee joint applications (stress above 10 MPa). Next, the scaffolds underwent a degradation study in simulated body fluid (SBF). Weight loss after four weeks and changes in structure were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MeMoExplorer Software, a program that estimates the size of pores. The porosity measurements after degradation confirmed an increase in pore size, as expected. Hydrolysis was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, where the disappearance of ester bonds at about 1730 cm−1 wavelength is noticeable after degradation. The obtained results showed that the scaffolds meet the requirements for cartilage tissue engineering membranes and should undergo further testing on an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wasyłeczko
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Remiszewska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Sikorska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Judyta Dulnik
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Chwojnowski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Rogulska M. The Influence of Diisocyanate Structure on Thermal Stability of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers Based on Diphenylmethane-Derivative Chain Extender with Sulfur Atoms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2618. [PMID: 37048910 PMCID: PMC10096118 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The work is a continuation of the research on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers containing sulfur atoms which are incorporated into the polyurethane chain using aliphatic-aromatic chain extenders. These materials show some improved properties in relation to conventional ones, e.g., adhesion to metals, bacterial resistance and refractive index. The present study deals with the detailed characteristics of the process of thermal decomposition of TPU elastomers obtained from 2,2'-[methylenebis(1,4-phenylenemethylenethio)]diethanol, 1,1'-methanediylbis(4-isocyanatobenzene) (MDI) or 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI) and poly(oxytetramethylene) diol of Mn = 2000 g/mol by thermogravimetric analysis coupled on-line with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The analysis was performed under inert and oxidative conditions. All TPU elastomers were found to have a relatively good thermal stability, with those based on aromatic diisocyanate being at an advantage. In helium, they are stable up to 280-282 °C (from HDI) and 299-301 °C (from MDI), whereas in synthetic air up to 252-265 °C (from HDI) and 261-272 °C (from MDI), as measured by the temperature of 1% mass loss. Depending on the content of the hard segments and the tested atmosphere, the TPU elastomers decompose from one to four stages. From the analysis of the volatile decomposition products, it follows that the decomposition of both types of hard segments was accompanied by the evolution of carbonyl sulfide, carbon dioxide, water, sulfide dioxide, alcohols and aromatic compounds. For the hard segment derived from HDI, isocyanates, amines, and unsaturated compounds were also identified, while for the MDI-derived one, aldehydes were discovered. In turn, the polyether soft segment decomposed mainly into aliphatic ethers, aldehydes, and carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rogulska
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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48
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Abdul Samat A, Abdul Hamid ZA, Jaafar M, Ong CC, Yahaya BH. Investigation of the In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of a Three-Dimensional Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polylactic Acid Blend for the Development of Tracheal Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040394. [PMID: 37106581 PMCID: PMC10136332 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered polymeric implants are preferable because they do not cause a significant inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) technology can be used to fabricate a customised scaffold, which is critical for implantation. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility of a mixture of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA) and the effects of their extract in cell cultures and in animal models as potential tracheal replacement materials. The morphology of the 3D-printed scaffolds was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the degradability, pH, and effects of the 3D-printed TPU/PLA scaffolds and their extracts were investigated in cell culture studies. In addition, subcutaneous implantation of 3D-printed scaffold was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the scaffold in a rat model at different time points. A histopathological examination was performed to investigate the local inflammatory response and angiogenesis. The in vitro results showed that the composite and its extract were not toxic. Similarly, the pH of the extracts did not inhibit cell proliferation and migration. The analysis of biocompatibility of the scaffolds from the in vivo results suggests that porous TPU/PLA scaffolds may facilitate cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation and promote angiogenesis in host cells. The current results suggest that with 3D printing technology, TPU and PLA could be used as materials to construct scaffolds with suitable properties and provide a solution to the challenges of tracheal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmak Abdul Samat
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
| | - Chern Chung Ong
- Fabbxible Technology, 11a Jalan IKS Bukit Tengah, Tmn IKS Bukit Tengah, Bukit Mertajam 14000, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
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Catalá J, Guerra I, García-Vargas JM, Ramos MJ, García MT, Rodríguez JF. Tailor-Made Bio-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPUs). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061589. [PMID: 36987369 PMCID: PMC10051735 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on biobased polyamines and polycarbonates are a sustainable alternative to conventional polyurethanes (PU). This article discloses a novel method to control the crosslinking density of fully biobased isocyanate-free polyurethanes, synthesized from triglycerides carbonated previously in scCO2 and different diamines, such as ethylenediamine (EDA), hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and PriamineTM-1075 (derived from a dimerized fatty acid). As capping substances, water or bioalcohols are used in such a way that the crosslinking density can be adjusted to suit the requirements of the intended application. An optimization of the NIPU synthesis procedure is firstly carried out, establishing the polymerization kinetics and proposing optimal conditions set for the synthesis of the NIPUs. Then, the influence of the partial blocking of the active polymerization sites of the carbonated soybean oil (CSBO), using monofunctional amines, on the physical properties of the NIPUS is explored. Finally, the synthesis of fully biobased NIPUs with a targeted crosslinking density is achieved using hybrid NIPUs, employing partially carbonated oil and H2O or ethanol as blockers to achieve the desired physical properties in a very precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Catalá
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Guerra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jesús Manuel García-Vargas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Teresa García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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50
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Albergamo V, Wohlleben W, Plata DL. Photochemical weathering of polyurethane microplastics produced complex and dynamic mixtures of dissolved organic chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:432-444. [PMID: 36691826 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure can naturally mitigate microplastics pollution in the surface ocean, however it results in emissions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) whose characteristics and fate remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the effects of solar radiation on polyether (TPU_Ether) and polyester (TPU_Ester) thermoplastic polyurethane, and on a thermoset polyurethane (PU_Hardened). The microplastics were irradiated with simulated solar light with a UV dose of 350 MJ m-2, which corresponds to roughly 15 months outdoor exposure at 31° N latitude. The particles were characterized using ATR-FTIR and elemental analysis. The DOC released to the aqueous phase was quantified by total organic carbon analysis and characterized by nontarget liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Polyurethane microplastics were degraded following mechanisms reconcilable with UV photo-oxidation. The carbon mass fraction released to the aqueous phase was 8.5 ± 0.5%, 3.7 ± 0.2%, and 2.8 ± 0.2% for TPU_Ether, TPU_Ester, and PU_Hardened, respectively. The corresponding DOC release rates, expressed as mg carbon per UV dose were 0.023, 0.013, and 0.010 mg MJ-1 for TPU_Ether, TPU_Ester and PU_Hardened, respectively. Roughly three thousand unique by-products were released from photo-weathered TPUs, whereas 540 were detected in the DOC of PU_Hardened. This carbon pool was highly complex and dynamic in terms of physicochemical properties and susceptibility to further photodegradation after dissolution from the particles. Our results show that plastics photodegradation in the ocean requires chemical assessment of the DOC emissions in addition to the analysis of aged microplastics and that polymer chemistry influences the chain scission products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Albergamo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department of Material Physics and Analytics, Advanced Materials Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Advanced Materials Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Desirée L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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