1
|
Kaushik S, Ahmad F, Choudhary S, Mathkor DM, Mishra BN, Singh V, Haque S. Critical appraisal and systematic review of genes linked with cocaine addiction, depression and anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105270. [PMID: 37271299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent lifestyle changes have resulted in tremendous peer pressure and mental stress, and increased the incidences of chronic psychological disorders; like addiction, depression and anxiety (ADA). In this context, the stress-tolerance levels vary amongst individuals and genetic factors play prominent roles. Vulnerable individuals may often be drawn towards drug-addiction to combat stress. This systematic review critically appraises the relationship of various genetic factors linked with the incidences of ADA development. For coherence, we focused solely on cocaine as a substance of abuse in this study. Online scholarly databases were used to screen pertinent literature using apt keywords; and the final retrieval included 42 primary-research articles. The major conclusion drawn from this systematic analysis states that there are 51 genes linked with the development of ADA; and 3 (BDNF, PERIOD2 and SLC6A4) of them are common to all the three aspects of ADA. Further, inter-connectivity analyses of the 51 genes further endorsed the central presence of BDNF and SLC6A4 genes in the development of ADA disorders. The conclusions derived from this systematic study pave the way for future studies for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets; and for the development of novel and effective therapeutic regimens against ADA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shradhha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sunita Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, the United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen CW, Chou YH, Liou YJ, Yang KC, Hu LY, Hsieh WC, Liu MN. Amygdala substructure volumes and serotonin transporter in first-episode, drug- naïve major depressive disorder: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:210-216. [PMID: 36857985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amygdala and serotonergic system abnormalities have been documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most studies have been conducted on recurrent MDD, and only a few have assessed their interaction. This study aimed to concurrently examine both the amygdala and serotonergic systems and their clinical relevance in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD. METHODS This study included 27 patients with first-episode, drug-naïve MDD and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). The amygdala substructure volumes were performed with Freesurfer from a 1.5 T magnetic resonance image. Serotonin transporter (SERT) availability was detected by single-photon emission computed tomography with 123I-ADAM. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS No significant difference was found in the amygdala substructure volume and SERT availability between the two groups, respectively. Within MDD patients, the right medial, cortical nucleus, and centromedial volumes were positively associated with caudate SERT availability, respectively. Moreover, the right lateral nucleus volume in the amygdala was positively correlated with depression severity. However, these significances did not survive correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant abnormalities in the amygdala substructure volumes and SERT availability in patients with first-episode, drug-naïve MDD. We did not observe an association between amygdala substructure volume and serotonergic dysregulation and their correlations with depression severity in patients with MDD. A larger sample size is warranted to elucidate the actual correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norkeviciene A, Gocentiene R, Sestokaite A, Sabaliauskaite R, Dabkeviciene D, Jarmalaite S, Bulotiene G. A Systematic Review of Candidate Genes for Major Depression. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020285. [PMID: 35208605 PMCID: PMC8875554 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse which candidate genes were examined in genetic association studies and their association with major depressive disorder (MDD). Materials and Methods: We searched PUBMED for relevant studies published between 1 July 2012 and 31 March 2019, using combinations of keywords: “major depressive disorder” OR “major depression” AND “gene candidate”, “major depressive disorder” OR “major depression” AND “polymorphism”. Synthesis focused on assessing the likelihood of bias and investigating factors that may explain differences between the results of studies. For selected gene list after literature overview, functional enrichment analysis and gene ontology term enrichment analysis were conducted. Results: 141 studies were included in the qualitative review of gene association studies focusing on MDD. 86 studies declared significant results (p < 0.05) for 172 SNPs in 85 genes. The 13 SNPs associations were confirmed by at least two studies. The 18 genetic polymorphism associations were confirmed in both the previous and this systematic analysis by at least one study. The majority of the studies (68.79 %) did not use or describe power analysis, which may have had an impact over the significance of their results. Almost a third of studies (N = 54) were conducted in Chinese Han population. Conclusion: Unfortunately, there is still insufficient data on the links between genes and depression. Despite the reported genetic associations, most studies were lacking in statistical power analysis, research samples were small, and most gene polymorphisms have been confirmed in only one study. Further genetic research with larger research samples is needed to discern whether the relationship is random or causal. Summations: This systematic review had summarized all reported genetic associations and has highlighted the genetic associations that have been replicated. Limitations: Unfortunately, most gene polymorphisms have been confirmed only once, so further studies are warranted for replicating these genetic associations. In addition, most studies included a small number of MDD cases that could be indicative for false positive. Considering that polymorphism loci and associations with MDD is also vastly dependent on interpersonal variation, extensive studies of gene interaction pathways could provide more answers to the complexity of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrone Norkeviciene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Romena Gocentiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Agne Sestokaite
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaite
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Daiva Dabkeviciene
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Giedre Bulotiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.N.); (R.G.)
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiu YC, Yang BH, Yang KC, Liu MN, Hu LY, Liou YJ, Chan LY, Chou YH. A study of tryptophan, kynurenine and serotonin transporter in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 312:111296. [PMID: 33945927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with the disharmonic functioning of the serotonin system. The serotonin system is mainly modulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT) which regulates serotonin uptake and the metabolism of its precursor, tryptophan and following kynurenine pathway. Currently, there is a lack of research examining both markers concurrently in MDD. This study evaluated the alterations and inter-relationships of both markers in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients. Thirty-three MDD patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The SERT availability were comparable between two groups in the midbrain, thalamus, caudate, and putamen. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio which indicates tryptophan metabolism was lower in MDD than HC with no group difference in the tryptophan or kynurenine concentration. A negative correlation between the midbrain SERT availability and kynurenine concentration in HC was found. For the subgroup of HC with high kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, the SERT availability was positively associated with the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and negatively correlated with tryptophan or kynurenine concentration. This study demonstrated the altered tryptophan metabolism and the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and the SERT availability in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients, which gave a new insight towards the future investigation of the pathophysiology of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Chan
- Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hande SH, Krishna SM, Sahote KK, Dev N, Erl TP, Ramakrishna K, Ravidhran R, Das R. Population genetic variation of SLC6A4 gene, associated with neurophysiological development. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
6
|
No Association Between SLC6A4 Gene Polymorphisms With Treatment Remission to Venlafaxine in Han Chinese Depressive Patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 2021; 44:53-56. [PMID: 33480616 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder and considered to be one of the most common mental diseases worldwide. The antidepressant venlafaxine, as a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is applied to MDD relief. Solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4) has been reported to promote the reuptake of serotonin and to be closely correlated to depression. The present study examined whether rs6354 and rs1487971 in SLC6A4 are associated with remission after venlafaxine treatment in MDD patients. METHODS This study consisted of 195 Han Chinese patients with MDD, who accepted a 6-week treatment with venlafaxine. Two SLC6A4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from database of SNP and genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometer in MassARRAY Analyzer 4 platforms. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was used to access the severity of major depression. Allele and genotype frequencies between patients in remission and nonremission were calculated with online software SHEsis. RESULTS No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were observed in rs6354 and rs1487971. There were no significant associations between 2 SNPs and venlafaxine treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS It suggested that rs6354 or rs1487971 within SLC6A4 appears not to be involved in the venlafaxine treatment outcome in Han Chinese patients with MDD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gopaldas M, Zanderigo F, Zhan S, Ogden RT, Miller JM, Rubin-Falcone H, Cooper TB, Oquendo MA, Sullivan G, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Brain serotonin transporter binding, plasma arachidonic acid and depression severity: A positron emission tomography study of major depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:495-503. [PMID: 31319341 PMCID: PMC6886679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Links between the two systems in animal models have not been investigated in humans. METHODS Using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]DASB, we studied relationships between 5-HTT binding potential and plasma levels of PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in medication-free MDD patients (n = 21). PUFAs were quantified using transesterification and gas chromatography. Binding potential BPP, and alternative outcome measures BPF and BPND, were determined for [11C]DASB in six a priori brain regions of interest (ROIs) using likelihood estimation in graphical analysis (LEGA) to calculate radioligand total distribution volume (VT), and a validated hybrid deconvolution approach (HYDECA) that estimates radioligand non-displaceable distribution volume (VND) without a reference region. Linear mixed models used PUFA levels as predictors and binding potential measures as outcomes across the specified ROIs; age and sex as fixed effects; and subject as random effect to account for across-region binding correlations. As nonlinear relationships were observed, a quadratic term was added to final models. RESULTS AA predicted both 5-HTT BPP and depression severity nonlinearly, described by an inverted U-shaped curve. 5-HTT binding potential mediated the relationship between AA and depression severity. LIMITATIONS Given the small sample and multiple comparisons, results require replication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AA status may impact depression pathophysiology through effects on serotonin transport. Future studies should examine whether these relationships explain therapeutic effects of PUFAs in the treatment of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Gopaldas
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serena Zhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - R. Todd Ogden
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey M. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas B. Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Psychiatry Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 42, New York, NY 10032, Tel: 646 774-7514, Fax: 646 774-7589,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu L, Deng T, Wang CY, Ren XQ, Wang YY, Zeng XT, Geng PL. Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Chronic Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study. Front Genet 2019; 10:706. [PMID: 31428137 PMCID: PMC6690263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The current study is aimed at exploring the relationship between chronic periodontitis and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphisms (rs6354 and rs12449783) in the Chinese Han population. Methods: This study included a total of 120 patients with chronic periodontitis and 125 healthy control subjects. The 5-HTT gene (rs6354 and rs12449783) was genotyped using oral mucosal tissue with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Linkage disequilibrium was examined using Haploview. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the cases and controls using a χ2 test. Results: Genotype distribution of the 5-HTT gene polymorphisms rs6354 and rs12449783 in the control group conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the AC genotype, the AC + CC genotype and C allele of the 5-HTT rs6354 polymorphism was higher in cases (P < 0.05) vs. the healthy control. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.910 (95%CI = 1.049–3.476) for the AC genotype, 2.026 (95%CI = 1.115–3.680) for the AC+CC genotype, and 1.875 for the C allele (95%CI = 1.089–3.228. Such an association was particularly strong in women for the AC genotype (OR = 2.167, 95%CI = 1.034–4.542). The genotype and allele frequencies of rs12449783 did not differ between the cases and controls. Haplotype C-C (rs6354-rs12449783) was also more frequent in the cases (OR = 2.372, 95%CI = 1.154–4.875, P = 0.016). Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis is associated with the 5-HTT gene rs6354 polymorphism, as well as rs6354/rs12449783 interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Deng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao-Yang Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue-Qun Ren
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Tao Zeng, ; Pei-Liang Geng,
| | - Pei-Liang Geng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Tao Zeng, ; Pei-Liang Geng,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nikolaus S, Mamlins E, Hautzel H, Müller HW. Acute anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are related to different patterns of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine dysfunction. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:381-426. [PMID: 30269107 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptor and transporter dysfunctions play a major role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases including anxiety disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) in the manic (BDman) or depressive (BDdep) state and schizophrenia (SZ). We performed a PUBMED search, which provided a total of 239 in vivo imaging studies with either positron emission tomography (PET) or single-proton emission computed tomography (SPECT). In these studies, DA transporter binding, D1 receptor (R) binding, D2R binding, DA synthesis and/or DA release in patients with the primary diagnosis of acute AD (n=310), MDD (n=754), BDman (n=15), BDdep (n=49) or SZ (n=1532) were compared to healthy individuals. A retrospective analysis revealed that AD, MDD, BDman, BDdep and SZ differed as to affected brain region(s), affected synaptic constituent(s) and extent as well as direction of dysfunction in terms of either sensitization or desensitization of transporter and/or receptor binding sites. In contrast to AD and SZ, in MDD, BDman and BDdep, neostriatal DA function was normal, whereas MDD, BDman, and BDdep were characterized by the increased availability of prefrontal and frontal DA. In contrast to AD, MDD, BDman and BDdep, DA function in SZ was impaired throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system with an increased availability of DA in the striatothalamocortical and a decreased availability in the mesolimbocortical pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nikolaus
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eduards Mamlins
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Müller
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Menezes IC, von Werne Baes C, Lacchini R, Juruena MF. Genetic biomarkers for differential diagnosis of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review. Behav Brain Res 2019; 357-358:29-38. [PMID: 29331712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are present in the depressive mood state of bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depression disorder (MDD). Often, in clinical practice, BPD patients are misdiagnosed with MDD. Therefore, genetic biomarkers could contribute to the improvement of differential diagnosis between BPD and MDD. This systematic and critical review aimed to find in literature reliable genetic biomarkers that may show differences between BPD and MDD. This systematic review followed the PRISMA-P method. The terms used to search PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were depress*, bipolar, diagnos*, genetic*, biomark*. After applying the selection criteria, N = 27 studies were selected, being n = 9 about biomarkers for BPD; n = 15, about MDD; and n = 3 for distinguishing MDD from BPD. A total of N = 3086 subjects were assessed in the selected studies (n = 486 in BPD group; n = 1212 in MDD group; and n = 1388, healthy control group). The articles were dated up to June 2017. Of the N = 27 studies, n = 16 assessed gene, n = 1 miRNA, n = 2 lcnRNA and n = 3 protein expressions, n = 4 methylation, and n = 4 polymorphisms. Some studies applied more than one of these genetic analyses. To find reliable genetic biomarkers we have taken into account the methodological care during the studies development and their validity. The genetic biomarkers selected are related to genes that play a fundamental role in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, mood control, brain ageing, immune-inflammatory processes and mitochondrial respiratory chain. BDNF gene expression was one of the genetic biomarkers that highlighted because of its capacity of distinguishing BPD and MDD groups, and being adequately reproduced by more than one selected study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itiana Castro Menezes
- Stress and Affective Disorders (SAD) Programme, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane von Werne Baes
- Stress and Affective Disorders (SAD) Programme, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Departament of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Francisco Juruena
- Stress and Affective Disorders (SAD) Programme, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalungi A, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ, van der Merwe L, Joloba ML, Nanteza A, Nakassujja N, Birabwa H, Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Kinyanda E. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and increased suicidal risk among HIV positive patients in Uganda. BMC Genet 2017; 18:71. [PMID: 28743254 PMCID: PMC5526289 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at an increased risk of suicide. Increased suicidal risk is a predictor of future attempted and completed suicides and has been associated with poor quality of life and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy. Clinical risk factors have low predictive value for suicide, hence the interest in potential neurobiological correlates and specific heritable markers of suicide vulnerability. The serotonin transporter gene has previously been implicated in the aetiology of increased suicidal risk in non-HIV infected study populations and its variations may provide a platform for identifying genetic risk for suicidality among PLWHA. The present cross-sectional study aimed at identifying two common genetic variants of the serotonin transporter gene and their association with increased suicidal risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults in Uganda. RESULTS The prevalence of increased suicidal risk (defined as moderate to high risk suicidality on the suicidality module of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.0-5.3). The 5-HTTLPR was found to be associated with increased suicidal risk before Bonferroni correction (p-value = 0.0174). A protective effect on increased suicidal risk was found for the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 S A allele (p-value = 0.0046)- which directs reduced expression of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT). CONCLUSION The S A allele at the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 locus is associated with increased suicidal risk among Ugandan PLWHA. Further studies are needed to validate this finding in Ugandan and other sub-Saharan samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Kalungi
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosafety (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Mental Health Project, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sian M. J. Hemmings
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lize van der Merwe
- Department of Statistics, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ann Nanteza
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosafety (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noeline Nakassujja
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Birabwa
- Butabika National Psychiatric Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jennifer Serwanga
- Basic Science Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Basic Science Programme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eugene Kinyanda
- Mental Health Project, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute (MRC/UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davis MT, Holmes SE, Pietrzak RH, Esterlis I. Neurobiology of Chronic Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence from Molecular Imaging Studies. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2017; 1:2470547017710916. [PMID: 29862379 PMCID: PMC5976254 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017710916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress accounts for billions of dollars of economic loss annually in the United States alone, and is recognized as a major source of disability and mortality worldwide. Robust evidence suggests that chronic stress plays a significant role in the onset of severe and impairing psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Application of molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography in recent years has begun to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress confers risk for these disorders. The present paper provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of all positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging publications focused on the examination of molecular targets in individuals with major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or bipolar disorder to date. Critical discussion of discrepant findings and broad strengths and weaknesses of the current body of literature is provided. Recommended future directions for the field of molecular imaging to further elucidate the neurobiological substrates of chronic stress-related disorders are also discussed. This article is part of the inaugural issue for the journal focused on various aspects of chronic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophie E. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National
Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National
Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molecular, Functional, and Structural Imaging of Major Depressive Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:273-85. [PMID: 27142698 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, correlating with genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. Molecular, functional, and structural imaging approaches have been increasingly used to detect neurobiological changes, analyze neurochemical correlates, and parse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD. We reviewed recent neuroimaging publications on MDD in terms of molecular, functional, and structural alterations as detected mainly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography. Altered structure and function of brain regions involved in the cognitive control of affective state have been demonstrated. An abnormal default mode network, as revealed by resting-state functional MRI, is likely associated with aberrant metabolic and serotonergic function revealed by radionuclide imaging. Further multi-modal investigations are essential to clarify the characteristics of the cortical network and serotonergic system associated with behavioral and genetic variations in MDD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kambeitz JP, Howes OD. The serotonin transporter in depression: Meta-analysis of in vivo and post mortem findings and implications for understanding and treating depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:358-66. [PMID: 26281039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serotonin transporter levels have been reported in blood and brain of patients with major depressive disorders. However, the strength and consistency of the evidence for altered serotonin transporter availability in major depressive disorder is not clear. METHODS To address this, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted of all available in vivo neuroimaging and post mortem studies reporting serotonin transporter availability in patients with depression compared with healthy controls. RESULTS The final sample consisted of fifty (n=27 in vivo and n=25 post mortem) studies including 877 patients with depression (mean age: 42.9 years) and 968 healthy controls (mean age: 42.7 years). In vivo neuroimaging studies indicated reduced serotonin transporter binding in the striatum (g=-0.39, p=0.01), the amygdala (g=-0.37, p=0.01) and the brainstem (g=-0.31, p=0.01), including the midbrain (g=-0.27, p=0.02), but no significant alteration in the thalamus or the hippocampus. The post mortem findings indicated no significant change in serotonin transporter binding in depression in the brainstem (p=0.64), the frontal cortex (p=0.75) and the hippocampus (p=0.32, corrected for publication bias). Although there were too few studies for a meta-analysis, the post mortem studies in the amygdala and striatum showed reduced SERT binding in MDD in absolute terms, consistent with the imaging findings. LIMITATIONS A number of potential factors might have biased the results of the present meta-analysis such as the imaging modality (post mortem or in vivo neuroimaging), partial volume effects, susceptibility of some radiotracers to synaptic serotonin levels or binding to other monoamine transporters. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that serotonin transporter availability in depressed patients is reduced in key regions of the limbic system. This provides direct support for the serotonin hypothesis of depression, and underlines the importance of the serotonin transporter as a target of pharmacological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Kambeitz
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, England, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, England, United Kingdom; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yeh YW, Ho PS, Chen CY, Kuo SC, Liang CS, Yen CH, Huang CC, Shiue CY, Huang WS, Ma KH, Lu RB, Huang SY. Suicidal ideation modulates the reduction in serotonin transporter availability in male military conscripts with major depression: A 4-[18F]-ADAM PET study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:502-12. [PMID: 26068129 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1048722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide is an important issue in the military service, since it can influence military morale and create dangerous situations for other personnel. The serotonin transporter (SERT) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behaviours. The aims of this study were to examine whether the brain SERT availability differs between military conscripts with depression and control subjects, and whether suicidal ideation is correlated with SERT availability. METHODS We used N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[(18)F]-fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[(18)F]-ADAM) as a radioligand for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. All participants completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) prior to PET imaging. RESULTS The effect of major depression and BSS scores had an interaction on SERT availability. After adjusting for the BSS score, subjects with depression had lower SERT availability than control subjects (F1,17 = 23.85, P < 0.001). A positive correlation between SERT availability and BSS scores was observed in the depression group (F1,8 = 30.67, P = 0.001). The status of depression and intensity of suicidal ideation exert opposite effects on SERT availability. CONCLUSIONS The extent of suicidal ideation may moderate the reduction effect in SERT binding observed in major depression in male military conscripts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Yeh
- a Department of Psychiatry , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Department of Psychiatry , Penghu Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital , Penghu , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shen Ho
- c Department of Psychiatry , Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- a Department of Psychiatry , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chang Kuo
- a Department of Psychiatry , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- c Department of Psychiatry , Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Yen
- d Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Department of Neurology , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chih Huang
- d Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,f Department of Psychiatry , Taipei Branch, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chyng-Yann Shiue
- g Department of Nuclear Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- g Department of Nuclear Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,h Department of Nuclear Medicine , Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- i Department of Biology & Anatomy , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- j Department of Psychiatry , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- a Department of Psychiatry , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yeh YW, Ho PS, Kuo SC, Chen CY, Liang CS, Yen CH, Huang CC, Ma KH, Shiue CY, Huang WS, Shyu JF, Wan FJ, Lu RB, Huang SY. Disproportionate Reduction of Serotonin Transporter May Predict the Response and Adherence to Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with 4-[18F]-ADAM. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu120. [PMID: 25568284 PMCID: PMC4540099 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many lines of evidence suggest the role of serotonin transporter (SERT)-mediated reuptake of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to examine whether the pretreatment of SERT binding potential or SERT binding ratio between terminal projection regions relative to the midbrain raphe nuclei was associated with treatment outcomes to SERT-targeted antidepressants. METHODS We recruited 39 antidepressant-naïve patients with MDD and 39 heathy controls. Positron emission tomography with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[(18)F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[(18)F]-ADAM) was used to measure in vivo SERT availability prior to antidepressant treatment. The 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was use to assess the severity of depression from baseline to week 6. All the patients with MDD had HDRS scores of 18 or more. RESULTS Pretreatment SERT binding in the thalamus and striatum positively correlated with an early reduction in HDRS scores at week 3. Nonresponders and dropout patients showed a proportionate reduction in SERT binding in the terminal projection regions and midbrain compared to healthy controls. In contrast, a disproportionate reduction in SERT binding in the terminal projection regions relative to midbrain was observed in responders. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that a disproportionate reduction in SERT binding between terminal projection regions and midbrain may predict better treatment outcomes in patients with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Yeh, Kuo, Chen, Liang, and S-Y Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Yeh, Kuo, Chen, Shyu, Wan, and S-Y Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Ho and Liang); Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Dr Yen); Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Branch, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (Dr C-C Huang); Department of Biology & Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Professor Ma and Dr Shyu); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Professor Shiue and Dr W-S Huang); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan (Dr W-S Huang); Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Dr Lu).
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pizzo de Castro MR, Vargas Nunes SO, Guembarovski RL, Ariza CB, Oda JMM, Vargas HO, Piccoli de Melo LG, Watanabe MAE, Berk M, Maes M. STin2 VNTR polymorphism is associated with comorbid tobacco use and mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:347-54. [PMID: 25451436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant comorbidity between mood disorders and tobacco use disorder (TUD), which may be related to both genetic and environmental factors. Gene variants of the 5-HT transporter, such as STin2 VNTR (a variable number of tandem repeats in the functional serotonin transporter intron 2) may be associated with mood disorders and TUD. AIMS This study aimed to delineate the association between the STin2 genetic polymorphism and comorbid TUD and mood disorders, including depression or bipolar disorder. METHODS We examined the STin2 VNTR polymorphism in never-smokers (n=113); patients with mood disorders without TUD (n=62); patients with TUD without mood disorders (n=90); and patients with both disorders (n=95). RESULTS We found a significant association between the STin2 genetic polymorphism and the above diagnostic groups whereby the STin2.12 allele shows a positive association with comorbid TUD and mood disorders (Odds ratio=3.07, 95% CI=1.41-6.68), while the STin2.10/10 homozygous genotype shows a negative association (Odds ratio=0.34, 95% CI=0.16-0.74). Adjusting for years of education, age, gender, marital status and ethnicity did not change these results, but showed that TUD was associated with lower education levels and less stable relationships, whereas mood disorders were related to female gender. A family history of TUD was significantly associated with TUD in subjects without mood disorders only. CONCLUSIONS The STin2.12 allele is positively and the STin2.10/10 genotype is negatively associated with comorbid TUD and mood disorders, depression or bipolar depression, suggesting that biological endophenotypes, e.g. disorders in serotonin metabolism, may in part underpin this comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Regina Pizzo de Castro
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Batista Ariza
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julie Massayo Maeda Oda
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Barwon Health and the Geelong Clinic, Swanston Centre, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yeh YW, Ho PS, Chen CY, Kuo SC, Liang CS, Ma KH, Shiue CY, Huang WS, Cheng CY, Wang TY, Lu RB, Huang SY. Incongruent reduction of serotonin transporter associated with suicide attempts in patients with major depressive disorder: a positron emission tomography study with 4-[18F]-ADAM. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu065. [PMID: 25522405 PMCID: PMC4360239 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much evidence supports the role of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behaviors. METHODS In this study, we recruited 17 antidepressant-naïve patients with MDD and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. SERT availability was measured in vivo with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[(18)F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[(18)F]-ADAM) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation were used to assess the severity of depression and the intent of suicide ideation prior to PET imaging. All subjects with MDD were in a current state of depression with HDRS scores ≧18. Subjects who attempted suicide within two weeks of the study onset were recruited in the depressed suicidal group (n = 8). Subjects with MDD who denied any prior suicide attempt were recruited into the depressed non-suicidal group (n = 9). RESULTS A significant reduction of SERT availability in the midbrain, thalamus, and striatum was noted in the MDD group relative to the control group (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.05). Moreover, this effect was more pronounced in the depressed suicidal group compared to the control group (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.01). Relative to both the depressed non-suicidal and control groups, the depressed suicidal group showed an increased prefrontal cortex (PFC)/midbrain SERT binding ratio (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an incongruent reduction of PFC SERT binding relative to the midbrain might discriminate between depressed suicide attempters and non-attempters in patients with MDD and may be involved in the pathophysiology of suicide behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Yeh, Chen, Kuo, and S-Y Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Yeh, Chen, Kuo, Liang, and S-Y Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Drs Ho and Liang); Department of Biology & Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Prof Ma); Department of Nuclear Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (Prof Shiue, Drs W-S Huang and Cheng); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan (Dr W-S Huang); Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan (Dr Wang); Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Dr Lu).
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dumas N, Moulin-Sallanon M, Ginovart N, Tournier BB, Suzanne P, Cailly T, Fabis F, Rault S, Charnay Y, Millet P. Small-animal single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging of the brain serotoninergic systems in wild-type and mdr1a knockout rats. Mol Imaging 2014; 13. [PMID: 24622810 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2013.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties of radiotracers are crucial for successful in vivo single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging. Our goal was to determine if MDR1A-deficient animals could allow better SPECT imaging outcomes than wild-type (WT) animals for a selection of serotoninergic radioligands. Thus, we compared the performances of 123I-p-MPPI, 123I-R91150, 123I-SB207710, and 123I-ADAM radioligands, for imaging of their respective targets (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT4, and serotonin transporter [SERT]), in WT and Mdr1a knockout (KO) rats. With 123I-SB207710, virtually no SPECT signal was recorded in the brain of WT or KO animals. For 123I-p-MPPI, low nondisplaceable binding potentials (BPND, mean ± SD) were observed in WT (0.49 ± 0.25) and KO (0.89 ± 0.52) animals. For 123I-ADAM, modest imaging contrast was observed in WT (1.27 ± 0.02) and KO (1.31 ± 0.09) animals. For 123I-R91150, the BPND were significantly higher in Mdr1a KO (3.98 ± 0.65) animals compared to WT animals (1.22 ± 0.26). The pharmacokinetics of 123I-SB207710 and 123I-p-MPPI do not make them ideal tracers for preclinical SPECT neuroimaging. 123I-ADAM showed adequate brain uptake regardless of Mdr1a expression and appeared suitable for preclinical SPECT neuroimaging in both animal strains. The use of Mdr1a KO animals significantly improved the brain penetration of 123I-R91150, making this animal strain an interesting option when considering SPECT neuroimaging of 5-HT2A receptors in rat.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gryglewski G, Lanzenberger R, Kranz GS, Cumming P. Meta-analysis of molecular imaging of serotonin transporters in major depression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1096-103. [PMID: 24802331 PMCID: PMC4083395 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The success of serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors has lent support to the monoamine theory of major depressive disorder (MDD). This issue has been addressed in a number of molecular imaging studies by positron emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography of serotonin reuptake sites (5-HTT) in the brain of patients with MDD, with strikingly disparate conclusions. Our meta-analysis of the 18 such studies, totaling 364 MDD patients free from significant comorbidities or medication and 372 control subjects, revealed reductions in midbrain 5-HTT (Hedges' g=-0.49; 95% CI: (-0.84, -0.14)) and amygdala (Hedges' g=-0.50; 95% CI: (-0.78, -0.22)), which no individual study possessed sufficient power to detect. Only small effect sizes were found in other regions with high binding (thalamus: g=-0.24, striatum: g=-0.32, and brainstem g=-0.22), and no difference in the frontal or cingulate cortex. Age emerged as an important moderator of 5-HTT availability in MDD, with more severe reductions in striatal 5-HTT evident with greater age of the study populations (P<0.01). There was a strong relationship between severity of depression and 5-HTT reductions in the amygdala (P=0.01). Thus, molecular imaging findings indeed reveal widespread reductions of ∼10% in 5-HTT availability in MDD, which may predict altered spatial-temporal dynamics of serotonergic neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Gryglewski
- Functional, Molecular & Translational Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Functional, Molecular & Translational Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Functional, Molecular & Translational Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friederich-Alexanders Universitaet, Erlangen/Nurenberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pizzo de Castro MR, Maes M, Guembarovski RL, Ariza CB, Reiche EMV, Vargas HO, Vargas MM, de Melo LGP, Dodd S, Berk M, Watanabe MAE, Nunes SOV. SLC6A4 STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study. BMC Genet 2014; 15:78. [PMID: 24968820 PMCID: PMC4114164 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine if variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the second intron (STin2) of the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene was associated with tobacco use disorder, successful smoking cessation, or smoking characteristics. In this case–control study, patients with current tobacco use disorder, diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria (n = 185), and never-smokers, diagnosed according to CDC criteria (n = 175), were recruited and received 52 weeks of combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy. Successful smoking cessation was defined as exhaled carbon monoxide < 6 ppm. SLC6A4 gene STin2 VNTR polymorphism was assessed using a Multiplex-PCR-based method. At baseline, participants were evaluated using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the ASSIST scale. Results The STin2.12 allele (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.44-4.15, p < 0.001) was associated with an increased risk for tobacco use disorder, while the STin2.10/10 genotype (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.25-0.71, p < 0.001) decreased risk. There were no significant associations between tobacco use disorder and the STin2.10 or STin2.9 alleles or the other genotypes (STin2.12/12, 12/10, 12/9, 10/9 or 9/9). There were no significant associations between the STin2 genotypes and alleles and successful smoking cessation, smoking characteristics and increased alcohol or sedative use risk. Conclusions Our results suggest that the STin2.10/10 genotype and STin2.12 allele are associated with tobacco use disorder or nicotine dependence, but not with treatment response or severity of dependence. It is hypothesized that the ST2in.12 allele by modulating the metabolism of serotonin may participate in the pathophysiology of tobacco use disorder or nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang WS, Huang SY, Ho PS, Ma KH, Huang YY, Yeh CB, Liu RS, Cheng CY, Shiue CY. PET imaging of the brain serotonin transporters (SERT) with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[18F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[18F]-ADAM) in humans: a preliminary study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 40:115-24. [PMID: 23053324 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using 4-[(18)F]-ADAM as a brain SERT imaging agent in humans. METHODS Enrolled in the study were 19 healthy Taiwanese subjects (11 men, 8 women; age 33 ± 9 years). The PET data were semiquantitatively analyzed and expressed as specific uptake ratios (SUR) and distribution volume ratios (DVR) using the software package PMOD. The SUR and DVR of 4-[(18)F]-ADAM in the raphe nucleus (RN), midbrain (MB), thalamus (TH), striatum (STR) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were determined using the cerebellum (CB) as the reference region. RESULTS 4-[(18)F]-ADAM bound to known SERT-rich regions in human brain. The order of the regional brain uptake was MB (RN) > TH > STR > PFC > CB. The DVR (n = 4, t* = 60 min) in the RN, TH, STR and PFC were 3.00 ± 0.50, 2.25 ± 0.45, 2.05 ± 0.31 and 1.40 ± 0.13, respectively. The optimal time for imaging brain SERT with 4-[(18)F]-ADAM was 120-140 min after injection. At the optimal imaging time, the SURs (n = 15) in the MB, TH, STR, and PFC were 2.25 ± 0.20, 2.28 ± 0.20, 2.12 ± 0.18 and 1.47 ± 0.14, respectively. There were no significant differences in SERT availability between men and women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that 4-[(18)F]-ADAM was safe for human studies and its distribution in human brain appeared to correlate well with the known distribution of SERT in the human brain. In addition, it had high specific binding and a reasonable optimal time for imaging brain SERT in humans. Thus, 4-[(18)F]-ADAM may be feasible for assessing the status of brain SERT in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, 325 Sec. 2 Cheng-Kung Rd, Neihu, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|