1
|
Fayed RH, Ali SE, Yassin AM, Madian K, Bawish BM. Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata dietary supplementation in mitigating heat stress-induced behavioral, metabolic and genetic alterations in broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:388. [PMID: 39227945 PMCID: PMC11370032 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress (HS) is one of the most significant environmental stressors on poultry production and welfare worldwide. Identification of innovative and effective solutions is necessary. This study evaluated the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PHY) containing Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata on behavioral patterns, hematological and biochemical parameters, Oxidative stress biomarkers, and HSP70, I-FABP2, IL10, TLR4, and mTOR genes expression in different organs of broiler chickens under chronic HS conditions. A total of 208 one-day-old Avian-480 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatments (4 replicate/treatment, 52 birds/treatment): Thermoneutral control treatment (TN, fed basal diet); Thermoneutral treatment (TN, fed basal diet + 1 kg/ton feed PHY); Heat stress treatment (HS, fed basal diet); Heat stress treatment (HS, fed basal diet + 1 kg/ton feed PHY). RESULTS The findings of the study indicate that HS led to a decrease in feeding, foraging, walking, and comfort behavior while increasing drinking and resting behavior, also HS increased red, and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) counts, and the heterophile/ lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (P < 0.05); while both mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, HS negatively impacted lipid, protein, and glucose levels, liver and kidney function tests, and oxidative biomarkers by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreasing reduced glutathion (GSH) activity (P < 0.05). Heat stress (HS) caused the upregulation in HSP70, duodenal TLR4 gene expression, and the downregulation of I-FABP2, IL10, mTOR in all investigated tissues, and hepatic TLR4 (P < 0.05) compared with the TN treatment. Phytogenic feed additives (PHY) effectively mitigated heat stress's negative impacts on broilers via an improvement of broilers' behavior, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress biomarkers with a marked decrease in HSP70 expression levels while all tissues showed increased I-FABP2, IL10, TLR4, and mTOR (except liver) levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Phytogenic feed additives (PHY) containing Terminalia bellirica and Andrographis paniculata have ameliorated the HS-induced oxidative stress and improved the immunity as well as the gut health and welfare of broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabie H Fayed
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sara E Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya M Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - K Madian
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Basma M Bawish
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahmoud R, Salama B, Safhi FA, Pet I, Pet E, Ateya A. Assessing the Impacts of Different Levels of Nano-Selenium on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, and Gene Expression in Heat-Stressed Growing Quails. Vet Sci 2024; 11:228. [PMID: 38921975 PMCID: PMC11209059 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano-minerals are employed to enhance mineral bioavailability thus promoting the growth and well-being of animals. In recent times, nano-selenium (nano-Se) has garnered significant attention within the scientific community owing to its potential advantages in the context of poultry. This study was conducted to explore the impact of using variable levels of nano-Se on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum constituents, and gene expression in growing Japanese quails under both thermoneutral and heat stress conditions. A randomized experimental design was used in a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 environmental conditions (thermoneutral and heat stress) and 3 nano-Se levels (0, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/kg of diet. The findings revealed that heat stress negatively affected the growth and feed utilization of quails; indicated by the poor BWG and FCR. Additionally, oxidative stress was aggravated under heat stress condition; indicated by increased lipids peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities. The addition of nano-Se, especially at the level of 0.2 mg/kg of diet, significantly improved the performance of heat stressed quails and restored blood oxidative status. The expression profile of inflammatory and antioxidant markers was modulated by heat stress and/or 0.2 and 0.5 nano-Se in conjunction with environmental temperature in quail groups. In comparison to the control group, the heat stress-exposed quails' expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 showed a notable up-regulation. Significantly lower levels of the genes for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 and higher levels of the genes for SOD and GPX as compared to the heat stress group demonstrated the ameliorative impact of 0.2 nano-Se. The expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 are dramatically elevated in quails exposed to 0.5 nano-Se when compared to the control group. SOD and GPX markers, on the other hand, were markedly down-regulated. It was concluded that nano-Se by low level in heat stressed growing quails provides the greatest performance and its supplementation can be considered as a protective management practice in Japanese quail diets to reduce the negative impact of heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Basma Salama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Pet
- Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Calea Aradului no.119, 30064 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Guo Y, Guo X, Shi B, Ma G, Yan S, Zhao Y. Effects of Artemisia ordosica Crude Polysaccharide on Antioxidant and Immunity Response, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbiota in Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3575. [PMID: 38003192 PMCID: PMC10668836 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharide (AOCP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant and immunity capacity, rumen fermentation parameters, and the microbiota of cashmere goats. A total of 12 cashmere goats (2 years old) with similar weight (38.03 ± 2.42 kg of BW ± SD) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments with six replicates. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (CON, basal diet); and (2) AOCP treatment (AOCP, basal diet with 0.3% AOCP). Pre-feeding was conducted for 7 days, followed by an experimental period of 21 days. The results showed that the ADG; feed/gain (F/G); and the digestibility of DM, CP, and ADF of cashmere goats in the AOCP group were greater than in the CON group (p < 0.05). Still, there was no significant effect on the digestibility of EE, NDF, Ca, and P (p > 0.05). Compared to the CON group, AOCP increased BCP, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and TVFA concentrations (p < 0.05), but it reduced the protozoa numbers of acetate and A/P (p < 0.05). The serum CAT, GSH-Px, T-SOD, 1L-6, and NO levels were higher in AOCP than in the CON group (p < 0.05). The addition of AOCP increased the Sobs and Ace estimators (p < 0.05) and reduced the Simpson estimator in the ruminal fluid compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the AOCP group increased the colonization of beneficial bacteria by positively influencing GSH-Px and IL-6 (norank_f__F082, unclassified_p__Firmicutes), as well as bacteria negatively associated with F/G (norank_f__norank_o__Bacteroidales, unclassified_p__Firmicutes, and norank_f__F082). It decreased the colonization of potential pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas and Escherichia-Shigella) (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In conclusion, 0.3% AOCP improves the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, immune function, rumen fermentation, and microflora of cashmere goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sumei Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (S.L.); (Y.G.); (X.G.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (S.L.); (Y.G.); (X.G.); (B.S.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An J, Kim Y, Song M, Choi J, Oh H, Chang S, Song D, Cho H, Park S, Jeon K, Park Y, Park G, Oh S, Kim Y, Choi N, Kim J, Kim H, Cho J. Effects of different levels of organic chromium and selenomethionine cocktails in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:1226-1241. [PMID: 38616877 PMCID: PMC11007298 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in physiological processes by regulating the antioxidant defense system and enhancing immunity. Chromium is an essential mineral involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and also plays a role in maintaining normal insulin function. Based on these advantages, we hypothesized that the addition of selenomethionine (SeMet) and organic chromium (OC) to broiler diets would increase Se deposition, antioxidant capacity and immune response in meat. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of OC and SeMet on growh performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, meat quality characteristics, and taxonomic analysis of broilers. A total of 168 one-day-old broiler chicken (Arbor Acres) were randomly allotted to 3 groups based on the initial body weight of 37.33 ± 0.24 g with 7 replicate per 8 birds (mixed sex). The experiments period was 28 days. Dietary treatments were folloewd: Basal diets based on corn-soybean meal (CON), basal diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm OC and 0.2 ppm SeMet (CS4), and basal diet supplemented with 0.4 ppm OC and 0.4 ppm SeMet (CS8). Supplementation of OC and SeMet did not affect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility. However, CS8 supplementation increased in duodenum villus height and villus height : crypt depth, and increased in breast meat Se deposition. In addition, CS8 group showed higher uric acid and total antioxidant status than CON group. Taxonomic analysis at phylum level revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes of CS4 and CS8 were lower than CON group. In genus level, the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus of CS4 and CS8 groups were higher than CON group. In short, 0.4 ppm OC and 0.4 ppm SeMet supplementation to broiler diet supporitng positive gut microbiome change, also enhancing antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in breast meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Younggwang Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seyeon Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongcheol Song
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunah Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sehyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyeongho Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Park
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | - Sehyuk Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Nayoung Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | - Hyeunbum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Onagbesan OM, Uyanga VA, Oso O, Tona K, Oke OE. Alleviating heat stress effects in poultry: updates on methods and mechanisms of actions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1255520. [PMID: 37841463 PMCID: PMC10569619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a threat that can lead to significant financial losses in the production of poultry in the world's tropical and arid regions. The degree of heat stress (mild, moderate, severe) experienced by poultry depends mainly on thermal radiation, humidity, the animal's thermoregulatory ability, metabolic rate, age, intensity, and duration of the heat stress. Contemporary commercial broiler chickens have a rapid metabolism, which makes them produce higher heat and be prone to heat stress. The negative effect of heat stress on poultry birds' physiology, health, production, welfare, and behaviors are reviewed in detail in this work. The appropriate mitigation strategies for heat stress in poultry are equally explored in this review. Interestingly, each of these strategies finds its applicability at different stages of a poultry's lifecycle. For instance, gene mapping prior to breeding and genetic selection during breeding are promising tools for developing heat-resistant breeds. Thermal conditioning during embryonic development or early life enhances the ability of birds to tolerate heat during their adult life. Nutritional management such as dietary manipulations, nighttime feeding, and wet feeding often, applied with timely and effective correction of environmental conditions have been proven to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in chicks and adult birds. As long as the climatic crises persist, heat stress may continue to require considerable attention; thus, it is imperative to explore the current happenings and pay attention to the future trajectory of heat stress effects on poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwadamilola Oso
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kokou Tona
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le HH, Zhao W, Furness JB, Shakeri M, DiGiacomo K, Roura E, Renaudeau D, Gabler NK, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR, Wijffels G, Cottrell JJ. Using Recombinant Superoxide Dismutase to Control Oxidative Stress in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cyclic Heat-Stressed Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2681. [PMID: 37627472 PMCID: PMC10451771 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is associated with an increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, posing a threat of heat stress to pig production. Heat stress compromises the efficiency of pig production partly due to causing oxidative stress, intestinal dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. Superoxide dismutase is an antioxidant enzyme reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate whether recombinant superoxide dismutase (rSOD) could ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in heat-stressed grower pigs. Sixty-four female pigs (Large White × Landrace, 27.8 ± 1.65 kg, mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to a control diet (standard grower feed, CON) or the control diet supplemented with 50 IU recombinant superoxide dismutase (rSOD) for 14 days. After acclimation to the diet, pigs were then housed under thermoneutral (TN, 20 °C, 35-50% relative humidity) or cyclic heat stress conditions (CHS, at 35 °C: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and 28 °C: 5 p.m. to 9 a.m., 35-50% relative humidity) for 3 days. Heat stress increased respiration rate (RR), skin and rectal temperature (RR and RT) (p < 0.001 for all), and reduced plasma thyroid hormone concentration (p < 0.001). The amount of oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) was increased in the jejunum and ileum of CHS pigs. In the jejunum, rSOD also increased the amount of oxidized glutathione in both TN and CHS pigs, without any change in endogenous SOD activity. In the ileum, rSOD prevented increases in oxidized glutathione formation in the CHS pigs only. Taken together, this may reflect increased oxidative stress in both the jejunum and ileum in CHS pigs. Alternatively, rSOD increased the conversion of reduced to oxidized glutathione independently of CHS, possibly reflecting an increased overall SOD activity due to the addition of exogenous SOD. In conclusion, the use of in-feed SOD enzymes at a dose of 50 IU/kg may be a useful strategy for preventing oxidative stress in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Huu Le
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - John Barton Furness
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Majid Shakeri
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Kristy DiGiacomo
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - David Renaudeau
- PEGASE, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 16 Le Clos Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France;
| | | | - Brian Joseph Leury
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Frank Rowland Dunshea
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gene Wijffels
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Jeremy James Cottrell
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kikusato M, Toyomizu M. Mechanisms underlying the Effects of Heat Stress on Intestinal Integrity, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Chickens. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023021. [PMID: 37560151 PMCID: PMC10406517 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well as feed and water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable production of poultry meat is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during the summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects the productivity and health of chickens. Crucially, its impact is predicted to grow with the acceleration of global warming. Heat stress affects the physiology, metabolism, and immune response of chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, and immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing to a systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified as an important contributor to nutrient absorption and the progression of systemic inflammation. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, the presence of oxidants in the diet, and microbiota composition. The present review focuses on the effect of heat stress on intestinal dysfunction in chickens and the underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct the design of strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress, while benefiting both animal health and sustainable poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sampath V, Shalakhti O, Veidis E, Efobi JAI, Shamji MH, Agache I, Skevaki C, Renz H, Nadeau KC. Acute and chronic impacts of heat stress on planetary health. Allergy 2023; 78:2109-2120. [PMID: 36883412 DOI: 10.1111/all.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves are increasing in intensity, frequency, and duration causing significant heat stress in all living organisms. Heat stress has multiple negative effects on plants affecting photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development, and reproduction. It also impacts animals leading to physiological and behavioral alterations, such as reduced caloric intake, increased water intake, and decreased reproduction and growth. In humans, epidemiological studies have shown that heat waves are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There are many biological effects of heat stress (structural changes, enzyme function disruption, damage through reactive oxygen or nitrogen species). While plants and animals can mitigate some of these effects through adaptive mechanisms such as the generation of heat shock proteins, antioxidants, stress granules, and others, these mechanisms may likely be inadequate with further global warming. This review summarizes the effects of heat stress on plants and animals and the adaptative mechanisms that have evolved to counteract this stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, California, Stanford, USA
| | - Omar Shalakhti
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, California, Stanford, USA
| | - Erika Veidis
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, California, Stanford, USA
| | - Jo Ann Ifeoma Efobi
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, California, Stanford, USA
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of supplementing organic- and inorganic-based selenium with vitamin E on intestinal histomorphology, caecal bacterial proliferation, and short-chain fatty acid profile in layer hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:90. [PMID: 36806991 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of supplementing different dietary selenium (Se) sources on intestinal histomorphology, caecal bacterial proliferation, and caecum short-chain fatty acid in layer chickens were studied. A total of 120 of 54-week-old Lohman Brown Classic laying hens were subjected to four dietary treatments: control group with no Se supplementation (T1), 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite (T2), 0.3 mg/kg of selenium yeast (T3), and 0.3 mg/kg of bacterial Se (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, ADS18) (T4). All treatments were also supplemented with 250 mg/kg of vitamin E. Results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher villus height in different small intestine parts in hens fed with diets containing organic Se sources (T3 and T4), as compared to inorganic sources (T2) and control (T1). A greater crypt depth was observed for the T1 group, as compared to T3 and T4 groups. The total bacterial populations of Bifidobacteria spp. and Lactobacilli spp. were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and tEscherichia coli population was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in T3 and T4 groups. No effect on the total caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) content was observed. However, there was a significant increase (21.5%) of the butyric acid content in T4 group. In conclusion, organic Se supplementation, particularly bacterial organic Se, enhances intestinal histomorphology, increases the beneficial caecal bacterial proliferation, and increases butyric acid content.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yilmaz E, Gul M. Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil and chronic heat stress on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in broiler chickens. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:861-875. [PMID: 36580224 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted on 600 one-day-old male broiler chicks, using a 2 × 6 factorial design (ambient temperature, A x feed additive, F), for a period of 42 days. The chicks assigned to different groups were exposed to thermoneutral (TN, 24 ± 1 °C) and constant heat stress (HT, 36 ± 1 °C) conditions, and were only fed on a basal diet, and a basal diet supplemented with either 100 mg/kg chloramphenicol, 50 IU/kg α-tocopherol, or 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of cumin essential oil (CEO). The results showed that heat stress adversely affected performance and carcass characteristics, and increased both the mortality rate and footpad lesions. Moreover, constant chronic heat stress showed negative effects on serum biochemistry and the intestinal microbiota, increased antioxidant activity in both the plasma and breast meat, and increased counts of the pathogenic microorganisms in the small intestine. On the other hand, dietary CEO supplementation positively affected these parameters. CEO had a slight effect on performance, carcass characteristics, mortality rate and the incidence of footpad lesions. When compared to the control group, it was determined that CEO generally had a positive effect on lipid peroxidation in the plasma and tissues and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, CEO positively affected serum biochemistry and counts of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Q, Wang Z, Shao D, Shi S. Effects of heat stress on the intestinal microorganisms in poultry and its nutritional regulations: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Chen
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
- Huanan Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
- Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute) Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|