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Biomarkers of Relapse in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081013. [PMID: 36009076 PMCID: PMC9405750 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cocaine use disorder is a chronic disease with severe consequences and a high relapse rate. There is a critical need to explore the factors influencing relapse in order to achieve more efficient treatment outcomes. Furthermore, there is a great need for easy-to-measure, repeatable, and valid biomarkers that can predict treatment response or relapse. Methods: We reviewed the available literature on the Pubmed database concerning the biomarkers associated with relapse in CUD, including central nervous system-derived, genetic, immune, oxidative stress, and “other” biomarkers. Results: Fifty-one articles were included in our analysis. Twenty-five imaging brain anatomic and function assessment studies, mostly using fMRI, examined the role of several structures such as the striatum activity in abstinence prediction. There were fewer studies assessing the use of neuropsychological factors, neurotrophins, or genetic/genomic factors, immune system, or oxidative stress measures to predict abstinence. Conclusion: Several biomarkers have been shown to have predictive value. Prospective studies using combined multimodal assessments are now warranted.
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Carrette LLG, Corral C, Boomhower B, Brennan M, Crook C, Ortez C, Shankar K, Simpson S, Maturin L, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, de Guglielmo G, George O. Leptin Protects Against the Development and Expression of Cocaine Addiction-Like Behavior in Heterogeneous Stock Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:832899. [PMID: 35316955 PMCID: PMC8934439 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.832899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine affects food intake, metabolism and bodyweight. It has been hypothesized that feeding hormones like leptin play a role in this process. Preclinical studies have shown a mutually inhibitory relationship between leptin and cocaine, with leptin also decreasing the rewarding effects of cocaine intake. But prior studies have used relatively small sample sizes and did not investigate individual differences in genetically heterogeneous populations. Here, we examined whether the role of individual differences in bodyweight and blood leptin level are associated with high or low vulnerability to addiction-like behaviors using data from 306 heterogeneous stock rats given extended access to intravenous self-administration of cocaine and 120 blood samples from 60 of these animals, that were stored in the Cocaine Biobank. Finally, we tested a separate cohort to evaluate the causal effect of exogenous leptin administration on cocaine seeking. Bodyweight was reduced due to cocaine self-administration in males during withdrawal and abstinence, but was increased in females during abstinence. However, bodyweight was not correlated with addiction-like behavior vulnerability. Blood leptin levels after ∼6 weeks of cocaine self-administration did not correlate with addiction-like behaviors, however, baseline blood leptin levels before any access to cocaine negatively predicted addiction-like behaviors 6 weeks later. Finally, leptin administration in a separate cohort of 59 animals reduced cocaine seeking in acute withdrawal and after 7 weeks of protracted abstinence. These results demonstrate that high blood leptin level before access to cocaine may be a protective factor against the development of cocaine addiction-like behavior and that exogenous leptin reduces the motivation to take and seek cocaine. On the other hand, these results also show that blood leptin level and bodyweight changes in current users are not relevant biomarkers for addiction-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Corral
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brent Boomhower
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Molly Brennan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caitlin Crook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Clara Ortez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kokila Shankar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Maturin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Olivier George,
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Pan Y, Lin X, Liu J, Zhang S, Zeng X, Chen F, Wu J. Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Women Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Worldwide Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1181-1191. [PMID: 32207395 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020912867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a common form of childhood maltreatment. Several studies have shown that CSA adversely affects the physical and mental health. Numerous studies have evaluated the prevalence of CSA among females using various instruments. In this meta-analysis, we estimated the rate of CSA among women using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for the first time. Four databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) were systematically searched for studies published as of April 2, 2018. Forty-eight articles (53 groups of samples) covering 22,224 individuals, including women, from 16 countries were selected. Using the random-effects model, the pooled overall rate of CSA was 24% (95% confidence interval [21%, 27%]). On subgroup analyses, the rate of female CSA in people with mental illness was higher than that in the general group; this result showed variability among different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Pan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * Authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiujin Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * Authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, China
- * Authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fenglan Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junduan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zhang S, Lin X, Liu J, Pan Y, Zeng X, Chen F, Wu J. Prevalence of childhood trauma measured by the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in people with substance use disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113524. [PMID: 33157482 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder is known to be associated with childhood trauma, yet prevalence estimates have varied markedly due to methodological differences. The meta-analysis presented here aimed to estimate prevalence rates of childhood trauma for people with substance use disorder using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). METHODS Four major public databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and PsycINFO) were searched for eligible studies until April 2nd, 2018. RESULTS Ten studies were included with a total sample size of 1,310 across six countries. The prevalence estimates of each subtype of childhood trauma across all substance use disorder samples were: emotional abuse (38%, 95% CI: 28%-48%); physical abuse (36%, 95% CI: 27%-45%); sexual abuse (31%, 95% CI: 23%-41%); emotional neglect (31%, 95% CI: 18%-45%) and physical neglect (32%, 95% CI: 25%-40%). Subgroup analysis by continent demonstrated that the highest prevalence rates of emotional abuse were found in North America and South America (45%). Compared with other continents, the prevalence rates of North America were the highest for physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect (39%-44%). CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma is prevalent among substance use disorder samples compared to the general population. Different continents have different levels of prevalence of childhood trauma, which may be due in part to socioeconomic, cultural and definitional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xiujin Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center; Shenzhen University, Mental Health School, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yuli Pan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Fenglan Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Junduan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China.
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5
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de Azeredo LA, Viola TW, Rothmann LM, Trentin R, Arteche AX, Kristensen CH, Buchweitz A, Grassi-Oliveira R. Hair cortisol levels and mental health problems in children and adolescents exposed to victimization. Stress 2020; 23:546-555. [PMID: 31701783 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1690448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Youths who experience multiple forms of victimization are at a heightened risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key target for the investigation of neurobiological changes induced by chronic stress and violence exposure. The measurement of hair cortisol concentration allows the investigation of long-term HPA activity and its association with victimization. The present study investigated the impact of exposure to polyvictimization in Latin-American children and adolescents on hair cortisol levels. We investigated association among cortisol, mental health problems and victimization. The study included 83 youths (mean age 10.84 years-old) from southern Brazil. We assessed self-reported victimization scores (Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire - JVQ-R2), mental health problems (Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL/6-18), and hair cortisol concentrations for the previous 30 days. The results showed an association between exposure to multiple forms of victimization and higher concentrations of hair cortisol; the results also showed that cortisol levels and mental health problems were associated with the severity of polyvictimization. These findings suggest that preadolescent victimization is associated with hyperactivation of HPA axis and with increased risk of mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Araújo de Azeredo
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medicine, Neurosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medicine, Neurosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Melo Rothmann
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Trentin
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriane Xavier Arteche
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian Haag Kristensen
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medicine, Neurosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medicine, Neurosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Vuong E, Nothling J, Lombard C, Jewkes R, Peer N, Abrahams N, Seedat S. Peripheral adiponectin levels in anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:372-409. [PMID: 31539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor-related disorders confer increased risk for metabolic disease. Adiponectin, a cytokine released by adipose tissue is associated with these disorders and obesity via inflammatory processes. Available data describing associations with mental disorders remain limited and conflicted. METHODS A systematic search was conducted for English, peer-reviewed articles from inception until February 2019 that assessed for serum or plasma adiponectin levels in adults with an anxiety, mood or trauma-related disorder. Diagnoses were determined by psychiatric interview, based on DSM-IV, DSM-5 or ICD-10 criteria. Analyses were performed using STATA 15 and Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval was applied to pool the effect size of meta-analysis studies. RESULTS In total 65 eligible studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in this meta-analysis. 19,178 participants (11,262 females and 7916 males), comprising healthy adults and adults with anxiety, mood and trauma-related disorders, were included. Overall results indicated an inverse association between adiponectin levels and examined mental disorders. Specifically, patients with an anxiety disorder (SMD = -1.18 µg/mL, 95% CI, -2.34; -0.01, p = 0.047); trauma or stressor-related disorder (SMD = -0.34 µg/mL, 95% CI, -0.52; -0.17, p = 0.0000) or bipolar disorder (SMD = -0.638 µg/mL, 95% CI, -1.16, -0.12, p = 0.017) had significant lower adiponectin levels compared to healthy adults. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity, potential publication bias, and lack of control for important potential confounders were significant limitations. CONCLUSION Peripheral adiponectin levels appear to be inversely associated with anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor related disorders and may be a promising biomarker for diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vuong
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - J Nothling
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - N Peer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Abrahams
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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7
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Zaparte A, Schuch JB, Viola TW, Baptista TAS, Beidacki AS, do Prado CH, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Bauer ME, Grassi-Oliveira R. Cocaine Use Disorder Is Associated With Changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines and Lymphocytes Subsets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2435. [PMID: 31749792 PMCID: PMC6843068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cocaine is a psychostimulant drug with high addictive proprieties. Evidence suggests that cocaine use leads to critical changes in the immune system, with significant effects on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells and influencing peripheral levels of cytokines. The presence of abstinence-related symptoms during detoxification treatment is known to influence the prognosis. Here, our aim was to investigate immune profiles in women with cocaine use disorder (CUD) according to withdrawal symptoms severity. Methods: Blood samples and clinical data were collected at onset of detoxification treatment of 50 women with CUD. The patients were stratified according to Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) scores in low withdrawal (L-W) and high withdrawal (H-W) categories. In addition, we also included a control group with 19 healthy women as reference to immune parameters. Peripheral blood was collected and lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by multi-color flow cytometry (B cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells, and different stages of T-cell differentiation). PBMCs from patients and healthy controls were stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (1%) for 72 h to assess the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. Results: Following stimulation, lymphocytes from women with CUD produced increased levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. However, higher levels of IL-2 and IL-17 were observed only in the L-W group, while higher levels of IL-6 were detected in the H-W group compared to controls. H-W group showed lower percentage of early-differentiated Th cells (CD4+CD27+CD28+), elevated percentage of Th cells (CD3+CD4+), intermediate-differentiated Th cells (CD4+CD27−CD28+), and B cells (CD3−CD19+). Both CUD groups showed decreased percentages of naïve T cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+ and CD3+CD8+CD45RA+). Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that CUD can lead to increased production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zaparte
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B Schuch
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago W Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Talita A S Baptista
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Stephanie Beidacki
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carine H do Prado
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Health Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moisés E Bauer
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Viola TW, Heberle BA, Zaparte A, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Wainer LM, Fries GR, Walss-Bass C, Grassi-Oliveira R. Peripheral blood microRNA levels in females with cocaine use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:48-54. [PMID: 31026664 PMCID: PMC6546503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing emphasis in the field of psychiatry on the need to identify candidate biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and clinical management of addictive disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small nucleotide sequences with the ability to regulate gene expression at the transcriptomic level. However, the role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for addiction is still underexplored. Based on translational and clinical findings, we compared the expression levels of microRNA-124 (miR-124), microRNA-181 (miR-181), and microRNA-212 (miR-212) between a group of females with cocaine use disorder (CUD; n = 30) and a group of healthy female controls (HC; n = 20). METHODS Blood expression levels of miR-124, miR-181, and miR-212 in the HC and CUD group were determined by qPCR, using two miRNAs as endogenous controls (miR-24 and miR-126). Substance use behavior was assessed by self-report using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) and depressive symptoms severity was measured using the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI-II). Urine screen test was performed to detect cocaine metabolites. RESULTS Mir-124 and miR-181 were upregulated in the CUD group (p > 0.01). Furthermore, increased cognitive/affective depression symptoms were identified among a CUD subgroup with the higher miR-181 expression levels (p > 0.05). No significant difference in expression levels was found for miR-212. CONCLUSIONS MiR-124 and miR-181 show promise as biomarkers for CUD when assessed in the peripheral blood. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations and to validate target genes regulated by these miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Aguzzoli Heberle
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience & Psychopharmacology (BNP), University of Kentucky (UKY), 741 South Limestone, Room B453, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Aline Zaparte
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mendes Wainer
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77054 East Rd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77054 East Rd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Sabri B, Granger DA. Gender-based violence and trauma in marginalized populations of women: Role of biological embedding and toxic stress. Health Care Women Int 2018; 39:1038-1055. [PMID: 30906110 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1491046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) and trauma can dysregulate and recalibrate environmentally sensitive physiological (i.e. central nervous, endocrine, and immune) systems placing survivors at risk for multiple health problems. The researchers build the case that the effects of GBV are likely to be particularly high impact and contribute to health disparities for marginalized survivors of GBV. Further, the researchers underscore a need for a multi-level bio-socio-ecological model that deciphers, characterizes, and explains individual differences in these effects and the need to establish an evidence base from which to derive interventions that address biological effects of toxic stress among marginalized survivors of GBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine,CA, USA.,Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine,CA, USA.,Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins, University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Escobar M, Scherer JN, Ornell F, Bristot G, Soares CM, Guimarães LSP, Von Diemen L, Pechansky F. Leptin levels and its correlation with crack-cocaine use severity: A preliminary study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:56-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Levandowski ML, Tractenberg SG, de Azeredo LA, De Nardi T, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD, Rizzo LB, Maurya PK, Brietzke E, Tyrka AR, Grassi-Oliveira R. Crack cocaine addiction, early life stress and accelerated cellular aging among women. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:83-9. [PMID: 27346744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) and addiction are related to age-related diseases and telomere shortening. However, the role of telomere length (TL) in crack cocaine addiction remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the TL in a sample of crack cocaine dependent-women who reported an ELS history and in a community-based sample of elderly women as a reference group for senescence. METHODS This study included treatment seeking crack cocaine dependents women (n=127) and elderly women without a psychiatric diagnosis (ELD, n=49). The crack cocaine sample was divided in two groups according to their Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores: presence of history of childhood abuse and neglect (CRACK-ELS) and absence of ELS history (CRACK). TL was assessed by T/S ratio obtained from peripheral blood DNA using quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS CRACK and CRACK-ELS subjects exhibited shortened TL in comparison to the ELD group, despite their younger age. Among crack cocaine sample, CRACK-ELS group had significantly shorter telomeres than the CRACK group. Correlation analysis within crack cocaine group indicated that TL was negatively correlated with emotional abuse scores. CONCLUSIONS These results support previous findings associating telomere shortening with both ELS and drug addiction. This study suggests new evidence of a distinct biological phenotype for drug-dependent women with ELS. The results support the biological senescence hypothesis underpinning ELS experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Luz Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Saulo Gantes Tractenberg
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo de Azeredo
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Tatiana De Nardi
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
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Levandowski ML, Viola TW, Prado CH, Wieck A, Bauer ME, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R. Distinct behavioral and immunoendocrine parameters during crack cocaine abstinence in women reporting childhood abuse and neglect. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 167:140-8. [PMID: 27530287 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess plasma levels of cortisol and cytokines between cocaine-dependent women with and without childhood maltreatment (CM) history during cocaine detoxification treatment. METHOD We assessed immunoendocrine and clinical parameters of 108 crack cocaine female users during 3 weeks of inpatient detoxification treatment, and 24 healthy women to obtain reference values. Women with (CM+, n=53) or without (CM-, n=55) CM history were identified answering the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Blood samples and clinical assessment were collected before lunch during the first, second and third week post-treatment admission. Flow cytometry was used to assess TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A plasma levels and ELISA assay was used to measure plasma cortisol levels. RESULTS At baseline, lower Th1 and Th17-related cytokines levels and higher Th2 cytokines levels were observed in crack cocaine users compared with reference values. Cytokines levels of cocaine dependents gradually became closer to reference values along detoxification treatment. However, when CM+ and CM- groups were compared, increased levels of IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-α across time were observed in CM+ group only. Additionally, a Th1/Th2 immune imbalance was observed within CM+ group, which was negatively correlated with the severity of the crack withdrawal. Finally, loading trauma exposure severity, immunoendocrine and clinical parameters in factor analysis, we identified three clusters of observed variables during detoxification: (1) systemic immunity and trauma exposure, (2) pro-inflammatory immunity and (3) behavior CONCLUSION Our results suggest the existence of an immunological phenotype variant associated with CM exposure during crack cocaine detoxification of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Luz Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Children Health's, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Hartmann Prado
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Departament of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Children Health's, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil.
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Levandowski ML, Hess ARB, Grassi-Oliveira R, de Almeida RMM. Plasma interleukin-6 and executive function in crack cocaine-dependent women. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Limberger J, Nascimento RDSD, Schneider JA, Andretta I. Women users of crack: systematic review of Brazilian literature. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To present Brazilian’s empirical studies that address this issue between the period of 2004 to 2014. Methods It is a Brazilian literature Systematic Review using the descriptors “crack cocaine” AND “women”, in the database Scopus, Lilacs, Medline and SciELO. Results From the 785 articles found, 16 articles contemplated the inclusion criteria. It was evidenced that the use of crack by women is related to physical and sexual violence, provoking HIV risks in consequence of prostitution, and social prejudice. Conclusion Given this reality, studies evaluating treatments in the Brazilian context are essential, according the specificities of women crack users.
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Circulating Interferon-Gamma Levels Are Associated with Low Body Weight in Newly Diagnosed Kenyan Non-Substance Using Tuberculosis Individuals. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2016; 2016:9415364. [PMID: 26880909 PMCID: PMC4736369 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9415364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and adiponectin are key immunopathogenesis mediators of tuberculosis, their association with clinical manifestations of early stage disease is inconclusive. We determined interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and adiponectin levels in clinically and phenotypically well-characterised non-substance using new pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n = 13) and controls (n = 14) from Kenya. Interferon-gamma levels (P < 0.0001) and interferon-gamma to interleukin-10 (P < 0.001) and interferon-gamma to adiponectin (P = 0.027) ratios were elevated in tuberculosis cases. Correlation analyses in tuberculosis cases showed associations of interferon-gamma levels with body weight (ρ = -0.849; P < 0.0001), body mass index (ρ = 0.664; P = 0.013), hip girth (ρ = -0.579; P = 0.038), and plateletcrit (ρ = 0.605; P = 0.028); interferon-gamma to interleukin-10 ratio with diastolic pressure (ρ = -0.729; P = 0.005); and interferon-gamma to adiponectin ratio with body weight (ρ = -0.560; P = 0.047), body mass index (ρ = -0.604; P = 0.029), and plateletcrit (ρ = 0.793; P = 0.001). Taken together, our results suggest mild-inflammation in early stage infection characterised by upregulation of circulating interferon-gamma production in newly infected TB patients.
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Ndombi EM, Budambula V, Webale MK, Musumba FO, Wesongah JO, Mibei E, Ahmed AA, Lihana R, Were T. Serum adiponectin in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus mono- and co-infected Kenyan injection drug users. Endocr Connect 2015; 4:223-32. [PMID: 26306727 PMCID: PMC4566843 DOI: 10.1530/ec-15-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important marker of anthropometric profiles of adipose tissue. However, association of adiponectin and adiposity in HIV mono- and co-infected and hepatitis (HCV) injection drug users (IDUs) has not been elucidated. Therefore, the relationship of total adiponectin levels with anthropometric indices of adiposity was examined in HIV mono-infected (anti-retroviral treatment, ART-naive, n=16 and -experienced, n=34); HCV mono-infected, n=36; HIV and HCV co-infected (ART-naive, n=5 and -experienced, n=13); uninfected, n=19 IDUs; and healthy controls, n=16 from coastal Kenya. Anthropometric indices of adiposity were recorded and total circulating adiponectin levels were measured in serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adiponectin levels differed significantly amongst the study groups (P<0.0001). Post-hoc analyses revealed decreased levels in HIV mono-infected ART-naive IDUs in comparison to uninfected IDUs (P<0.05) and healthy controls (P<0.05). However, adiponectin levels were elevated in HCV mono-infected IDUs relative to HIV mono-infected ART-naive (P<0.001) and -experienced (P<0.001) as well as HIV and HCV co-infected ART-naive (P<0.05) IDUs. Furthermore, adiponectin correlated with weight (ρ=0.687; P=0.003) and BMI (ρ=0.598; P=0.014) in HIV mono-infected ART-naive IDUs; waist circumference (ρ=-0.626; P<0.0001), hip (ρ=-0.561; P=0.001) circumference, and bust-to-waist ratio (ρ=0.561; P=0.001) in HIV mono-infected ART-experienced IDUs; waist girth (ρ=0.375; P=0.024) in HCV mono-infected IDUs; and waist-to-hip ratio (ρ=-0.872; P=0.048) in HIV and HCV co-infected ART-naive IDUs. Altogether, these results suggest suppression of adiponectin production in treatment-naive HIV mono-infected IDUs and that circulating adiponectin is a useful surrogate marker of altered adiposity in treatment-naive and -experienced HIV and HCV mono- and co-infected IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Ndombi
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Valentine Budambula
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Mark K Webale
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Francis O Musumba
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Jesca O Wesongah
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Erick Mibei
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Aabid A Ahmed
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Raphael Lihana
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Tom Were
- Bomu HospitalMombasa, KenyaDepartment of PathologyKenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, KenyaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and TechnologyMaseno University, Maseno, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaKapkatet CampusUniversity of Kabianga, Kericho, KenyaCentre for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory SciencesMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Post Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya
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Marques AH, Bjørke-Monsen AL, Teixeira AL, Silverman MN. Maternal stress, nutrition and physical activity: Impact on immune function, CNS development and psychopathology. Brain Res 2014; 1617:28-46. [PMID: 25451133 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that maternal and fetal immune dysfunction may impact fetal brain development and could play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders, although the definitive pathophysiological mechanisms are still not completely understood. Stress, malnutrition and physical inactivity are three maternal behavioral lifestyle factors that can influence immune and central nervous system (CNS) functions in both the mother and fetus, and may therefore, increase risk for neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders. First, we will briefly review some aspects of maternal-fetal immune system interactions and development of immune tolerance. Second, we will discuss the bidirectional communication between the immune system and CNS and the pathways by which immune dysfunction could contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Third, we will discuss the effects of prenatal stress and malnutrition (over and undernutrition) on perinatal programming of the CNS and immune system, and how this might influence neurodevelopment. Finally, we will discuss the beneficial impact of physical fitness during pregnancy on the maternal-fetal unit and infant and how regular physical activity and exercise can be an effective buffer against stress- and inflammatory-related disorders. Although regular physical activity has been shown to promote neuroplasticity and an anti-inflammatory state in the adult, there is a paucity of studies evaluating its impact on CNS and immune function during pregnancy. Implementing stress reduction, proper nutrition and ample physical activity during pregnancy and the childbearing period may be an efficient strategy to counteract the impact of maternal stress and malnutrition/obesity on the developing fetus. Such behavioral interventions could have an impact on early development of the CNS and immune system and contribute to the prevention of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate this relationship and the underlying mechanisms of protection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Horvath Marques
- Obsessive--Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio L Teixeira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marni N Silverman
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Levandowski ML, Viola TW, Wearick-Silva LE, Wieck A, Tractenberg SG, Brietzke E, Bauer ME, Teixeira AL, Grassi-Oliveira R. Early life stress and tumor necrosis factor superfamily in crack cocaine withdrawal. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 53:180-6. [PMID: 24631195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both early life stress (ELS) and substance abuse, especially cocaine, have robust effects on the inflammatory system. Considering the role of the tumor necrosis factor system in inflammatory signaling and its association with ELS, the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors and ligands during early abstinence of crack cocaine. METHODS This study included 24 crack cocaine-dependent women with (CRACK-ELS) and 20 without (CRACK) a history of ELS. A healthy control group (HC), containing 25 participants, was included to provide reference values. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) retrospectively assessed childhood maltreatment history of patients. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), soluble receptors TNFRI (sTNFRI) and TNFRII (sTNFRII) were assessed on the 18th day of treatment. RESULTS The CRACK-ELS group had higher TNF-alpha and lower TWEAK levels compared to the CRACK and HC groups. sTNFRII was increased, but only in comparison with the crack cocaine group and the controls. TRAIL levels were slightly higher in the CRACK-ELS group, while no differences were found for sTNFRI levels. Also, TNF-alpha plasma level was positively predicted by abstinence severity and childhood maltreatment severity, and TWEAK was negatively predicted by childhood maltreatment severity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the newly secreted tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands, TWEAK and TRAIL, during crack cocaine abstinence, supporting the association between early life stress and peripheral pro-inflammatory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Luz Levandowski
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Andréa Wieck
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gantes Tractenberg
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Machado Bittencourt, 222, Sao Paulo, SP 04044-000, Brazil
| | - Moisés E Bauer
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
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