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Zevedei DE, Penelo E, Navarro JB, de la Osa N, Ezpeleta L. Predictive associations of executive functions and oppositional defiant problems and obsessive-compulsive problems in preschoolers. Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39016189 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2380393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant problems (ODP) and obsessive-compulsive problems (OCP) may co-occur in children, though the way they interact is not known. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between executive functions at age 3 and ODP, ODP dimensions, and OCP at age 6. The sample consisted of 622 preschoolers (50% were boys) from the general population. Executive functions were assessed by teachers using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning - Preschool version questionnaire when children were 3 years old, and ODP and OCP were informed by parents and teachers at the age of 6 years. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that higher Inhibit and Emotional Control and lower Shift deficits were associated with higher ODP reported by teachers, while higher Shift but lower Inhibit deficits were related to higher OCP. Moreover, ODP and OCP shared difficulties on the Flexibility Index, which means that the capacity to modulate emotions and behavior according to contextual and environmental demands is compromised in both disorders. The findings inform etiology and prevention, pointing out not only the executive function specificities related to each problem, but also common cognitive challenges related to Flexibility. Young children could benefit from training and programs designed to improve executive function processes at an early age to prevent later behavioral difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa-Elena Zevedei
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Penelo
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Blas Navarro
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria de la Osa
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Talesh A, Zarei A, Yazdi-Ravandi S, Ghaleiha A, Shamsaei F, Matinnia N, Shams J, Ahmadpanah M, Taslimi Z, Moghimbeigi A, Khosrowabadi R. Balance-energy of resting state network in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10423. [PMID: 37369689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability of the brain functional network is directly linked to organization of synchronous and anti-synchronous activities. Nevertheless, impact of arrangement of positive and negative links called links topology requires to be well understood. In this study, we investigated how topology of the functional links reduce balance-energy of the brain network in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and push the network to a more stable state as compared to healthy controls. Therefore, functional associations between the regions were measured using the phase synchrony between the EEG activities. Subsequently, balance-energy of the brain functional network was estimated based on the quality of triadic interactions. Occurrence rates of four different types of triadic interactions including weak and strong balanced, and unbalanced interactions were compared. In addition, impact of the links topology was also investigated by looking at the tendency of positive and negative links to making hubs. Our results showed although the number of positive and negative links were not statistically different between OCD and healthy controls, but positive links in OCDs' brain networks have more tendency to make hub. Moreover, lower number of unbalanced triads and higher number of strongly balanced triad reduced the balance-energy in OCDs' brain networks that conceptually has less requirement to change. We hope these findings could shed a light on better understanding of brain functional network in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Talesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, College of Basic Science, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral ScienBces Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taslimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- Department of Biostatistics, Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin Sq., Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
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3
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Thomas KS, Birch RE, Jones CRG, Vanderwert RE. Neural Correlates of Executive Functioning in Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:841633. [PMID: 35693540 PMCID: PMC9179647 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.841633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are commonly reported to co-occur and present with overlapping symptomatology. Executive functioning difficulties have been implicated in both mental health conditions. However, studies directly comparing these functions in AN and OCD are extremely limited. This review provides a synthesis of behavioral and neuroimaging research examining executive functioning in AN and OCD to bridge this gap in knowledge. We outline the similarities and differences in behavioral and neuroimaging findings between AN and OCD, focusing on set shifting, working memory, response inhibition, and response monitoring. This review aims to facilitate understanding of transdiagnostic correlates of executive functioning and highlights important considerations for future research. We also discuss the importance of examining both behavioral and neural markers when studying transdiagnostic correlates of executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Thomas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine R. G. Jones
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ross E. Vanderwert
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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4
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Irritability, Defiant and Obsessive-Compulsive Problems Development from Childhood to Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:1089-1105. [PMID: 34727300 PMCID: PMC9090682 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the coexistence of oppositionality and obsessive-compulsive problems (OCP) in community children and how it affects their development until adolescence to prevent possible dysfunctions. The co-development of oppositional defiant dimensions and OCP is studied in 563 children (49.7% female) from ages 6 to 13 years, assessed yearly with measures answered by parents and teachers. A 4-class model based on Latent Class Growth Analysis for three parallel processes (irritability, defiant, and OCP) was selected, which showed adequate fitting indexes. Class 1 (n = 349, 62.0%) children scored low on all the measures. Class 2 (n = 53, 9.4%) contained children with high OCP and low irritability and defiant. Class 3 (n = 108, 19.2%) clustered children with high irritability and defiant and low OCP. Class 4 (n = 53, 9.4%) clustered comorbid irritability, defiant, and OCP characteristics. The classes showed different clinical characteristics through development. The developmental co-occurrence of irritability and defiant plus obsessive-compulsive behaviors is frequent and adds severity through development regarding comorbidity, peer problems, executive functioning difficulties, and daily functioning. The identification of different classes when combining oppositional problems and OCP may be informative to prevent developmental dysfunctions and to promote good adjustment through development.
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Mennies RJ, Stewart LC, Olino TM. The relationship between executive functioning and repetitive negative thinking in youth: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 88:102050. [PMID: 34144296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and executive functioning (EF) deficits are each characteristic of many forms of youth psychopathology. Extensive work has examined the relationship between rumination, a form of RNT, and EF in adults. However, less is known about the relationship between RNT more broadly and EF in youth, for whom these constructs are developing and emerging. Here, we systematically and qualitatively reviewed 27 studies on the associations between EF (e.g., shifting, inhibition, working memory) and RNT (e.g., rumination, worry, obsessions) in youth. All forms of RNT were more commonly positively associated with questionnaire-reported EF problems in daily life, most frequently in the domain of shifting. Task-based assessments of EF were less consistently associated with RNT in youth, with no strong pattern of presence vs. absence of associations. Further, limited longitudinal work has been conducted on this topic to date. This review integrates initial work with regard to RNT and EF deficits in a still-developing population, and discusses clear future need for longitudinal, multi-method assessments of the relationship between RNT and EF subtypes in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas M Olino
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Deepthi K, Roopesh BN, Balachander S, Vijay Sagar JK, Kandavel T, Reddy YCJ. Neuropsychological performance in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:301-310. [PMID: 33892268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature on neuropsychological functions in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Most studies have small sample sizes and have yielded inconsistent results. A recent meta-analysis failed to identify any significant impairments. We studied neuropsychological functions (attention, verbal fluency, working memory, set-shifting, response inhibition, planning and visuospatial abilities) in a large sample of youth with OCD (n = 97) in comparison with controls who did not have OCD (n = 50). After controlling for the confounding effects (age, sex, severity of depression and anxiety, presence of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, any tic disorder, number of comorbidities, and non-verbal intelligence measured by the standard progressive matrices), the youth with OCD significantly underperformed with large effect sizes compared to controls, only on the test of 'behavioral reversal', measured by the Object Alternation Test (trials to reach criterion p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.49; perseverative errors p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.31). Patients also underperformed on a task of planning, but it was statistically insignificant. Certain comorbid disorders, antipsychotic use and age of onset did not influence neuropsychological performance significantly. Our study demonstrates that youth with OCD may have impaired 'set-shifting' in the form of 'behavioral reversal' and possibly planning, findings broadly consistent with the literature in adults and with the fronto-striatal model of OCD. It is possible that youth may accumulate more neuropsychological impairments over a period, as the illness continues into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deepthi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Bangalore N Roopesh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - John K Vijay Sagar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Thennarasau Kandavel
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
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7
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Yazdi-Ravandi S, Mohammadi Arezooji D, Matinnia N, Shamsaei F, Ahmadpanah M, Ghaleiha A, Khosrowabadi R. Complexity of information processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder based on fractal analysis of EEG signal. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:462-654. [PMID: 33883976 PMCID: PMC8056057 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human brain is considered as a self-organizing system with self-similarities at various temporal and spatial scales called "fractals". In this scale-free system, it is possible to decode the complexity of information processing using fractal behavior. For instance, the complexity of information processing in the brain can be evaluated by fractal dimensions (FDs). However, it is unclear how over-elaboration of information processing impacts the dimensionality of its fractal behavior. In this study, we hypothesized that FDs of electroencephalogram (EEG) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) should be higher than healthy controls (HCs) because of exaggeration of information processing mainly in the frontal regions. Therefore, a group of 39 OCDs (age: 34.76±8.22, 25 female, 3 left-handed) and 19 HCs (age: 31.94±8.22, 11 female, 1 left-handed) were recruited and their brain activities were recorded using a 19-channel EEG recorder in the eyes-open resting-state condition. Subsequently, fractal dimensions of the cleaned EEG data were calculated using Katz's method in a frequency band-specific manner. After the test of normality, significant changes in the OCDs as compared to the HCs were calculated using a two-sample t-test. OCDs showed higher FDs in the frontal regions in all frequency bands as compared to HCs. Although, significant increases were only observed in the beta and lower gamma bands, mainly at the high beta. Interestingly, neurophysiological findings also show association with severity of obsessive behaviors. The results demonstrate that complexity of information processing in the brain follows an intimate nature of structural and functional impairments of the brain in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, College of Basic Science, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Vattimo EFQ, Dos Santos AC, Hoexter MQ, Frudit P, Miguel EC, Shavitt RG, Batistuzzo MC. Higher volumes of hippocampal subfields in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111200. [PMID: 33059948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in hippocampus volume have been identified in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the role of this limbic structure in pediatric patients is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the hippocampus and its subregions in a sample of 29 children and adolescents with OCD compared to 28 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, education, and IQ. Volumetric segmentation was performed using the Freesurfer software to calculate the volumes of the subregions that reflect the hippocampal cytoarchitecture. The volumes of three anatomic subregions (tail, body, and head) were also calculated. ANCOVA was performed to investigate differences of these volumes between patients and controls, controlling for total gray matter volume. After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p-value < 0.00556 for the body and < 0.00625 for the head structures), patients presented statistically significant larger volumes of the following structures: left subiculum body; left CA4 body; left GC-DG body; left molecular layer body; right parasubiculum; left CA4 head; left molecular layer head; right subiculum head and right molecular layer head. These enlarged volumes resulted in larger left and right whole hippocampi in patients, as well as bilateral hippocampal heads and left hippocampal body (all p-values < 0.00625). There were no associations between OCD severity and hippocampal volumes. These findings diverge from previous reports on adults and may indicate that larger hippocampal volumes could reflect an early marker of OCD, not present in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo F Q Vattimo
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Q Hoexter
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Frudit
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli G Shavitt
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas, Curso de Psicologia da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Bernardes ET, Saraiva LC, e Souza MDM, Hoexter MQ, Chacon P, Requena G, Miguel EC, Shavitt RG, Polanczyk GV, Cappi C, Batistuzzo MC. Cognitive performance in children and adolescents at high-risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:380. [PMID: 32690046 PMCID: PMC7370498 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive performance has been studied in adults with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and in adult relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Meanwhile, few studies have been conducted with children under the same conditions. This study compared the neurocognitive domains previously associated with dysfunction in OCD, especially visuoconstructive ability, visuospatial memory, executive functions, and intelligence, in children and adolescents at high risk (HR) for OCD (n = 18) and non-OCD controls (NOC) (n = 31). METHODS For the HR group, we considered the first-degree relatives of patients with OCD that present OCS, but do not meet diagnostic criteria for OCD. Psychiatric diagnosis was assessed by experienced clinicians using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and OCS severity was measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Neurocognitive assessment was performed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Performance on the cognitive domains was compared between groups using Multivariate Analysis of Variance, whereas performance on the neuropsychological variables was compared between groups using independent t-tests in a cognitive subdomain analysis. RESULTS The cognitive domain analysis revealed a trend towards significance for impairments in the motor and processing speed domain (p = 0.019; F = 3.12) in the HR group. Moreover, the cognitive subdomain analysis identified a statistically significant underperformance in spatial working memory in the HR group when compared to the NOC group (p = 0.005; t = - 2.94), and a trend towards significance for impairments in non-verbal memory and visuoconstructive tasks in the HR group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest impairments in spatial working memory and motor and processing speed in a non-clinical sample of HR participants. Considering the preliminary nature of our findings, further studies investigating these neurocognitive domains as potential predictors of pediatric OCD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Teixeira Bernardes
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Cardoso Saraiva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marina de Marco e Souza
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Priscila Chacon
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Guaraci Requena
- grid.12799.340000 0000 8338 6359Instituto de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologicas da Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Euripedes Constantino Miguel
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Roseli Gedanke Shavitt
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Carolina Cappi
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil ,grid.412529.90000 0001 2149 6891Curso de Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
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10
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Pertich Á, Eördegh G, Németh L, Hegedüs O, Öri D, Puszta A, Nagy P, Kéri S, Nagy A. Maintained Visual-, Auditory-, and Multisensory-Guided Associative Learning Functions in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:571053. [PMID: 33324251 PMCID: PMC7726134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.571053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory-guided acquired equivalence learning, a specific kind of non-verbal associative learning, is associated with the frontal cortex-basal ganglia loops and hippocampi, which seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this study, we asked whether visual-, auditory-, and multisensory-guided associative acquired equivalence learning is affected in children with OCD. The first part of the applied learning paradigm investigated association building between two different sensory stimuli (where feedback was given about the correctness of the choices), a task that critically depends upon the basal ganglia. During the test phases, which primarily depended upon the hippocampi, the earlier learned and hitherto not shown but predictable associations were asked about without feedback. This study involved 31 children diagnosed with OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria and 31 matched healthy control participants. The children suffering from OCD had the same performance as the control children in all phases of the applied visual-, auditory-, and multisensory-guided associative learning paradigms. Thus, both the acquisition and test phases were not negatively affected by OCD. The reaction times did not differ between the two groups, and the applied medication had no effect on the performances of the OCD patients. Our results support the findings that the structural changes of basal ganglia and hippocampi detected in adult OCD patients are not as pronounced in children, which could be the explanation of the maintained associative equivalence learning functions in children suffering from OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Pertich
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Eördegh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Németh
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Hegedüs
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Öri
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Puszta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Quistberg KA, Mueller U. Prospective relations between kindergarteners’ executive function skills and their externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:845-862. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1591510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A. Quistberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ulrich Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Yazdi-Ravandi S, Shamsaei F, Matinnia N, Shams J, Moghimbeigi A, Ghaleiha A, Ahmadpanah M. Cognitive Process in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 9:448-457. [PMID: 30719259 PMCID: PMC6359683 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.6.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In recent studies, deficit in cognitive process has been investigated as one of the etiological hypotheses in a wide range of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This research aimed to compare cognitive process in patients with OCD and healthy groups. Methods: In the current cross-sectional analytic study, 43 patients with OCD and 43 healthy individuals matched with gender, age, educational and marital status were selected by convenience sampling method and assessed by Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The obtained data were analyzed with Chi-square, Independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation in SPSS version16. Results: There was no difference between the patients with OCD and the healthy group in demographic characteristics (P>0.05). There was a significant differences between two group on the all subscale of WCST test and PASAT3, PASAT2 tests (P<0.01). These findings indicate that the OCD patient’s performance in cognitive process was significantly worse than the healthy controls. Conclusion: The findings indicate that individuals with OCD suffer from a deficiency in various aspects of cognitive processes. Therefore, paying attention to these deficiencies can make an important contribution to the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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13
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Kim KL, Christensen RE, Ruggieri A, Schettini E, Freeman JB, Garcia AM, Flessner C, Stewart E, Conelea C, Dickstein DP. Cognitive performance of youth with primary generalized anxiety disorder versus primary obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:130-140. [PMID: 30375085 DOI: 10.1002/da.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite gains made in the study of childhood anxiety, differential diagnosis remains challenging because of indistinct boundaries between disorders and high comorbidity. This is certainly true for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as they share multiple cognitive processes (e.g., rumination, intolerance of uncertainty, and increased attention to threat). Disentangling such cognitive characteristics and, subsequently, underlying mechanisms could serve to inform assessment and treatment practices, and improve prognoses. METHODS The current study sought to compare the cognitive performance (working memory, visuospatial memory, planning ability/efficiency, and cognitive flexibility), indexed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Battery (CANTAB) among three nonoverlapping groups of youth: (1) those diagnosed with OCD (n = 28), (2) those diagnosed with GAD, not OCD (n = 34), and (3) typically-developing controls (TDC) (n = 65). RESULTS Results showed that OCD and GAD youth demonstrated neurocognitive deficits in planning ability/efficiency, cognitive flexibility, and visual processing when compared to TDC, with potential diagnostic specificity such that youth with GAD or OCD had unique deficits compared to TDC and to one another. Specifically, youth with OCD demonstrated significantly impaired planning ability compared to youth in the GAD and TDS groups, whereas youth with GAD demonstrated greater cognitive inflexibility and delayed visual processing compared to youth in the OCD and TDC groups. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should expand upon these findings with more comprehensive assessment of cognitive functioning by including self- and parent-report forms, and neuroimaging to link behavioral findings with subjective ratings and neurocircuitry. Altogether, data can then inform future assessment and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri L Kim
- PediMIND Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rachel E Christensen
- PediMIND Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amanda Ruggieri
- PediMIND Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elana Schettini
- PediMIND Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer B Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,PARC Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Abbe M Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,PARC Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christopher Flessner
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,PARC Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elyse Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,PARC Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christine Conelea
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,PARC Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daniel P Dickstein
- PediMIND Program at E.P. Bradley Hospital and the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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14
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Yazdi-Ravandi S, Akhavanpour H, Shamsaei F, Matinnia N, Ahmadpanah M, Ghaleiha A, Khosrowabadi R. Differential pattern of brain functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder versus healthy controls. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:1090-1100. [PMID: 30564085 PMCID: PMC6295628 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Researchers believe that recognition of functional impairment in some of brain networks such as frontal-parietal, default mode network (DMN), anterior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and striatal structures could be a beneficial biomarker for diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although it is well recognized brain functional connectome in OCD patients shows changes, debate still remains on characteristics of the changes. In this regard, little has been done so far to statistically assess the altered pattern using whole brain electroencephalography. In this study, resting state EEG data of 39 outpatients with OCD and 19 healthy controls (HC) were recorded. After, brain functional network was estimated from the cleaned EEG data using the weighted phase lag index algorithm. Output matrices of OCD group and HCs were then statistically compared to represent meaningful differences. Significant differences in functional connectivity pattern were demonstrated in several regions. As expected the most significant changes were observed in frontal cortex, more significant in frontal-temporal connections (between F3 and F7, and T5 regions). These results in OCD patients are consistent with previous studies and confirm the role of frontal and temporal brain regions in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hassan Akhavanpour
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, College of Basic Science, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Yazdi-Ravandi S, Shamsaei F, Matinnia N, Moghimbeigi A, Shams J, Ahmadpanah M, Ghaleiha A. Executive functions, selective attention and information processing in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: A study from west of Iran. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 37:140-145. [PMID: 30223238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Deeper and wider knowledge of the cognitive components of these patients can play an important role in better understanding of this disorder. This study aimed to compare executive function, selective attention and information processing in OCD patients and healthy controls. The current study was performed on 54 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for OCD and 54 healthy subjects who matched with patients in gender, age, marital and educational status. The cognitive functions were assessed by The Stroop test, Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The performance of the OCD group was significantly worse than the healthy group in comparison with the all subscales of the Stroop and WSCT tests. Also, functions in information processing among two groups were statistically significant for 3- and 2-second PASAT. The results demonstrated that OCD patients have deficits in several aspects of cognitive functions. Hence, the treatment of these patients can be contributed by paying more attention to these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, College of Basic Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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16
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Gottwald J, de Wit S, Apergis-Schoute AM, Morein-Zamir S, Kaser M, Cormack F, Sule A, Limmer W, Morris AC, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. Impaired cognitive plasticity and goal-directed control in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1900-1908. [PMID: 29353562 PMCID: PMC6088771 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youths with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experience severe distress and impaired functioning at school and at home. Critical cognitive domains for daily functioning and academic success are learning, memory, cognitive flexibility and goal-directed behavioural control. Performance in these important domains among teenagers with OCD was therefore investigated in this study. METHODS A total of 36 youths with OCD and 36 healthy comparison subjects completed two memory tasks: Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) and Paired Associates Learning (PAL); as well as the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED) task to quantitatively gauge learning as well as cognitive flexibility. A subset of 30 participants of each group also completed a Differential-Outcome Effect (DOE) task followed by a Slips-of-Action Task, designed to assess the balance of goal-directed and habitual behavioural control. RESULTS Adolescent OCD patients showed a significant learning and memory impairment. Compared with healthy comparison subjects, they made more errors on PRM and PAL and in the first stages of IED involving discrimination and reversal learning. Patients were also slower to learn about contingencies in the DOE task and were less sensitive to outcome devaluation, suggesting an impairment in goal-directed control. CONCLUSIONS This study advances the characterization of juvenile OCD. Patients demonstrated impairments in all learning and memory tasks. We also provide the first experimental evidence of impaired goal-directed control and lack of cognitive plasticity early in the development of OCD. The extent to which the impairments in these cognitive domains impact academic performance and symptom development warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gottwald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. Apergis-Schoute
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon Morein-Zamir
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzaffer Kaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Akeem Sule
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winifred Limmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J. Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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R-Mercier A, Masson M, Bussières EL, Cellard C. Common transdiagnostic cognitive deficits among people with psychiatric disorders exposed to childhood maltreatment: a meta-analysis. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:180-197. [PMID: 29667495 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1461617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous meta-analyses have shown a moderate negative impact of maltreatment on the neuropsychological functioning of people with or without psychiatric disorders compared to healthy groups. The objectives of the present meta-analysis were to (1) investigate the impact of maltreatment on neuropsychological functioning of people with psychiatric disorders and to (2) evaluate the moderating effect of age, at the time of the cognitive assessment, on neuropsychological functioning. METHODS Seventeen studies published between 1970 and July 2017 were included. RESULTS The results showed a negative impact of maltreatment with a small effect size (g = -0.25) on the neuropsychological performances in the group with psychiatric disorders with a history of exposure to childhood maltreatment compared to the group with psychiatric disorders without a history of exposure to childhood maltreatment. Cognitive domains that are significantly affected by maltreatment are: working memory (g = -0.56), verbal episodic memory (g = -0.39), intelligence (g = -0.27) and processing speed (g = -0.21). The impact of childhood maltreatment on the cognitive profile is greater in adults than young people. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider these common cognitive deficits using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjolaine Masson
- a Département de psychologie , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Eve-Line Bussières
- b Département de psychologie , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , Trois-Rivières , QC , Canada
| | - Caroline Cellard
- a Département de psychologie , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada.,c Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles , Québec , QC , Canada
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18
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Neurocognitive Functioning in Depressed Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 28:216-231. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Cool and Hot Aspects of Executive Function in Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 45:1195-1205. [PMID: 27838893 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aspects of executive functioning (EF) have been put forward as endophenotypes in obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) and meta-analyses support EF underperformance in adult samples. Childhood-onset OCD has been suggested to constitute a separate neurodevelopmental subtype of the disorder but studies on neuropsychological functioning in childhood OCD are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate performance-based EF in pediatric OCD using observed and latent variable analyses. A case-control design was applied including 50 unmedicated children and adolescents with OCD aged 7-17 years of which 70% were female, 50 pairwise age and gender matched non-psychiatric controls (NP) and 38 children and adolescents with mixed anxiety disorders (MA). Participants underwent structured diagnostic interviews and assessment with a battery encompassing cool EF tasks of working memory, set shifting, inhibition, and planning, and hot EF tasks of decision making and dot probe paradigm affective interference. First, groups were compared on observed variables with multilevel mixed-effects linear regression and analysis of variance. Then the latent structure of cool EF was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and groups were compared on the CFA scores. No significant differences between groups appeared on individual cool EF tasks. On the hot EF tasks the OCD group displayed significant interference effects on the dot probe paradigm OCD-specific stimuli relative to NP, but not compared to MA and no group differences emerged for decision making. In the CFA a one-factor solution showed best fit, but the groups did not differ significantly on the resulting latent variable. The present study does not support cool or hot EF impairments in childhood OCD.
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Chang SW, McGuire JF, Walkup JT, Woods DW, Scahill L, Wilhelm S, Peterson AL, Dziura J, Piacentini J. Neurocognitive correlates of treatment response in children with Tourette's Disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:464-472. [PMID: 29407718 PMCID: PMC5809184 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper examined neurocognitive functioning and its relationship to behavior treatment response among youth with Tourette's Disorder (TD) in a large randomized controlled trial. Participants diagnosed with TD completed a brief neurocognitive battery assessing inhibitory functions, working memory, and habit learning pre- and post-treatment with behavior therapy (CBIT, Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics) or psychoeducation plus supportive therapy (PST). At baseline, youth with tics and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibited some evidence of impaired working memory and simple motor inhibition relative to youth with tics without ADHD. Additionally, a small negative association was found between antipsychotic medications and youth's performance speed. Across treatment groups, greater baseline working memory and aspects of inhibitory functioning were associated with a positive treatment response; no between-group differences in neurocognitive functioning at post-treatment were identified. Within the behavior therapy group, pre-treatment neurocognitive status did not predict outcome, nor was behavior therapy associated significant change in neurocognitive functioning post-treatment. Findings suggest that co-occurring ADHD is associated with some impairments in neurocognitive functioning in youth with Tourette's Disorder. While neurocognitive predictors of behavior therapy were not found, participants who received behavior therapy exhibited significantly reduced tic severity without diminished cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna W. Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Susanna Chang, Ph.D.; UCLA Semel Institute, 760 Westwood Plaza, rm 67-463, Los Angeles, CA 90024; ; telephone: 310.206.1040; fax: 310.267.4925
| | - Joseph F. McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John T. Walkup
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Douglas W. Woods
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lawrence Scahill
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan L. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Geller DA, Abramovitch A, Mittelman A, Stark A, Ramsey K, Cooperman A, Baer L, Stewart SE. Neurocognitive function in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:142-151. [PMID: 28090807 PMCID: PMC5555842 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The small body of neuropsychological research in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yields inconsistent results. A recent meta-analysis found small effect sizes, concluding that paediatric OCD may not be associated with cognitive impairments, stressing the need for more research. We investigated neuropsychological performance in a large sample of youths with OCD, while assessing potential moderators. METHODS Participants with OCD (n = 102) and matched controls (n = 161) were thoroughly screened and blindly evaluated for comorbidities, and completed a neuropsychological battery assessing processing speed, visuospatial abilities (VSA), working memory (WM), non-verbal memory (NVM), and executive functions (EF). RESULTS Compared to controls, youths with OCD exhibited underperformance on tasks assessing processing speed. On tests of VSA and WM, underperformance was found only on timed tasks. There were no differences on NVM and EF tasks. Notably, the OCD group's standardised scores were in the normative range. Test performance was not associated with demographic or clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Youths with OCD exhibited intact performance on memory and EF tests, but slower processing speed, and underperformance only on timed VSA and WM tasks. While the OCD group performed in the normative range, these findings reveal relative weaknesses that may be overlooked. Such an oversight may be of particular importance in clinical and school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Geller
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766
| | - Amitai Abramovitch
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766,Department of Psychology, Texas State University, UAC 253, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA; phone +1(512)245-2526,Address for correspondence: Amitai Abramovitch, Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA; Phone: +1(512)245-2526, Fax: +1(512)245-3153;
| | - Andrew Mittelman
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766
| | - Abigail Stark
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766
| | - Kesley Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766
| | - Allison Cooperman
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766
| | - Lee Baer
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St. Boston, MA, 02114, US A; phone:+1(617)726-6766
| | - S. Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, A3-118, 950 West 28th Av., Vancouver, BC, V5Z4H4, Canada; phone:+1(604)-875-2000
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22
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Stephens RL, Langworthy B, Short SJ, Goldman BD, Girault JB, Fine JP, Reznick JS, Gilmore JH. Verbal and nonverbal predictors of executive function in early childhood. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2018; 19:182-200. [PMID: 30333714 PMCID: PMC6186452 DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2018.1439493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of executive function (EF) has become increasingly popular in multiple areas of research. A wealth of evidence has supported the value of EF in shaping notable outcomes across typical and atypical development; however, little evidence has supported the cognitive contributors to early EF development. The current study used data from a large longitudinal sample of healthy children to investigate the differential influence of verbal and nonverbal cognition on later EF. Participants were assessed at 2 years of age using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and Mullen scores were used to calculate nonverbal and verbal developmental quotients. Executive function was measured at 6 years using assessments from the Stanford-Binet, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Results suggested that early nonverbal cognition was a better predictor of 6-year EF as measured by task-based laboratory assessments, whereas verbal cognition was a better predictor of parent-reported EF. Findings are discussed in regard to EF development and characteristics of EF measurement.
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23
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Yun JY, Jang JH, Jung WH, Shin NY, Kim SN, Hwang JY, Kwon JS. Executive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Anterior Cingulate-Based Resting State Functional Connectivity. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:333-343. [PMID: 28539952 PMCID: PMC5440436 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive dysfunction might be an important determinant for response to pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and could be sustained independently of symptom relief. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been indicated as a potential neural correlate of executive functioning in OCD. The present study examined the brain-executive function relationships in OCD from the ACC-based resting state functional connectivity networks (rs-FCNs), which reflect information processing mechanisms during task performance. METHODS For a total of 58 subjects [OCD, n=24; healthy controls (HCs), n=34], four subdomains of executive functioning were measured using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B). To probe for differential patterns of the brain-cognition relationship in OCD compared to HC, the ACC-centered rs-FCN were calculated using five seed regions systemically placed throughout the ACC. RESULTS Significant differences between the OCD group and the HCs with respect to the WCST perseverative errors, SCWT interference scores, and TMT-B reaction times (p<0.05) were observed. Moreover, significant interactions between diagnosis×dorsal ACC [S3]-based rs-FCN strength in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for RCFT organization summary scores as well as between diagnosis×perigenual ACC [S7]-based rs-FCN strength in the left frontal eye field for SCWT color-word interference scores were unveiled. CONCLUSION These network-based neural foundations for executive dysfunction in OCD could become a potential target of future treatment, which could improve global domains of functioning broader than symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hoon Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Shin
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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La Buissonnière-Ariza V, Schneider SC, Storch EA. Cognitive remediation of executive functioning in youth with neuropsychiatric conditions: current knowledge on feasibility, effectiveness, and personalization. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1321467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Perna G, Cavedini P, Harvey PD, Di Chiaro NV, Daccò S, Caldirola D. Does neuropsychological performance impact on real-life functional achievements in obsessive-compulsive disorder? A preliminary study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2016; 20:224-31. [PMID: 27608507 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2016.1223856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between neuropsychological performance and real-life functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). As a secondary aim, we investigated the association between neuropsychological performance and self-reported quality of life (QoL). METHODS We retrospectively selected 68 of 240 inpatients with OCD, who had been hospitalised for a 4-week psychiatric rehabilitation programme. We used clinical information recorded in the patients' electronic medical records. We considered the following variables: neuropsychological performance (verbal/visual memory, sustained attention, visual-constructive ability, and language fluency; in a sub-sample of 37 subjects, divided attention, working memory, and attentional shifting were also available); real-life functional achievements (social/vocational outcomes and independent living); subjectively reported QoL (WHOQOL-BREF); obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms severity (DY-BOCS). RESULTS We found significant associations between poorer neuropsychological performance and poorer achievements in independent living and vocational outcomes. Among the different neuropsychological tests, we found significant associations between language fluency/executive processing and independent living, and between divided attention, attentional shifting, working memory and vocational outcome. We found no significant associations between neuropsychological performance and subjectively reported QoL. OC symptoms severity was not associated with real-life functional achievements. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest that poorer neuropsychological performance may be associated with impaired real-life functioning in subjects with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Perna
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni, Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi , Albese con Cassano, Como , Italy ;,b Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , the Netherlands ;,c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Paolo Cavedini
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni, Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi , Albese con Cassano, Como , Italy
| | - Philip D Harvey
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Nunzia Valentina Di Chiaro
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni, Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi , Albese con Cassano, Como , Italy
| | - Silvia Daccò
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni, Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi , Albese con Cassano, Como , Italy
| | - Daniela Caldirola
- a Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni, Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi , Albese con Cassano, Como , Italy
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26
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Park JM, Storch EA, Pinto A, Lewin AB. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits in Youth with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:281-90. [PMID: 26160348 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While interest in the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive compulsive personality disorder has increased, there are currently no studies that have examined the presence of obsessive compulsive personality traits (OCPTs) in youth. The current study sought to determine the latent factors and psychometric properties of a modified version of the Childhood Retrospective Perfectionism Questionnaire (CHIRP) and examine the correlates of specific OCPTs (e.g., rigidity, perfectionism) in youth with OCD. Participants included 96 treatment-seeking youth diagnosed with primary OCD (and a parent). Parents and youth completed measures of OCPTs, OCD severity, depression, and disability. A confirmatory factor analysis of the modified CHIRP resulted in a two-factor model: perfectionism and preoccupation with details. The CHIRP and its subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and preliminary evidence for convergent and divergent validity. Obsessive compulsive traits in youth were also found to be associated with the checking, symmetry and contamination symptom dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Park
- Child CBT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 151 Merrimac Street, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Eric A Storch
- Departments of Psychology, Pediatrics and Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony Pinto
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Adam B Lewin
- Departments of Psychology, Pediatrics and Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Abramovitch A, Mittelman A, Tankersley AP, Abramowitz JS, Schweiger A. Neuropsychological investigations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review of methodological challenges. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:112-20. [PMID: 25957648 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The inconsistent nature of the neuropsychology literature pertaining to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been recognized. However, individual studies, systematic reviews, and recent meta-analytic reviews were unsuccessful in establishing a consensus regarding a disorder-specific neuropsychological profile. In an attempt to identify methodological factors that may contribute to the inconsistency that is characteristic of this body of research, a systematic review of methodological factors in studies comparing OCD patients and non-psychiatric controls on neuropsychological tests was conducted. This review covered 115 studies that included nearly 3500 patients. Results revealed a range of methodological weaknesses. Some of these weaknesses have been previously noted in the broader neuropsychological literature, while some are more specific to psychiatric disorders, and to OCD. These methodological shortcomings have the potential to hinder the identification of a specific neuropsychological profile associated with OCD as well as to obscure the association between neurocognitive dysfunctions and contemporary neurobiological models. Rectifying these weaknesses may facilitate replicability, and promote our ability to extract cogent, meaningful, and more unified inferences regarding the neuropsychology of OCD. To that end, we present a set of methodological recommendations to facilitate future neuropsychology research in psychiatric disorders in general, and in OCD in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Abramovitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
| | - Andrew Mittelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Abramowitz
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avraham Schweiger
- Department of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Khoury JE, Milligan K, Girard TA. Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol: A Meta-Analytic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:149-70. [PMID: 26037669 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with a constellation of adverse physical, neurocognitive and behavior outcomes, which comprise a continuum of disorders labeled Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Extant research has consistently identified executive functions (EF) as a central impairment associated with FASD. Despite this, heterogeneity exists regarding the strength of the association between FASD and different EF, and this association has not yet been quantitatively synthesized. The current meta-analysis reviews 46 studies that compare children and adolescents with FASD to participants without FASD, on a variety of EF measures. In accordance with Miyake et al. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100 (2000) three-factor model of EF, findings for the primary EF domains of working memory, inhibition, and set shifting are reviewed. Results indicate that children and adolescents with FASD demonstrate significant deficits across these EF, although the magnitude of effects diverged between EF, with working memory and inhibition yielding medium effects and set shifting yielding large effects. These results were moderated by sample characteristics, type of FASD diagnosis, and EF methodology. This quantitative synthesis offers novel future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, Canada,
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29
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Murphy TK, Patel PD, McGuire JF, Kennel A, Mutch PJ, Parker-Athill EC, Hanks CE, Lewin AB, Storch EA, Toufexis MD, Dadlani GH, Rodriguez CA. Characterization of the pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome phenotype. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:14-25. [PMID: 25314221 PMCID: PMC4340632 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is a subtype of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) marked by an abrupt onset or exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We aim to characterize the phenotypic presentation of youth with PANS. METHODS Forty-three youth (ages 4-14 years) meeting criteria for PANS were assessed using self-report and clinician-administered measures, medical record reviews, comprehensive clinical evaluation, and laboratory measures. RESULTS Youth with PANS presented with an early age of OCD onset (mean=7.84 years) and exhibited moderate to severe obsessive compulsive symptoms upon evaluation. All had comorbid anxiety and emotional lability, and scored well below normative means on all quality of life subscales. Youth with elevated streptococcal antibody titers trended toward having higher OCD severity, and presented more frequently with dilated pupils relative to youth without elevated titers. A cluster analysis of core PANS symptoms revealed three distinct symptom clusters that included core characteristic PANS symptoms, streptococcal-related symptoms, and cytokine-driven/physiological symptoms. Youth with PANS who had comorbid tics were more likely to exhibit a decline in school performance, visuomotor impairment, food restriction symptoms, and handwriting deterioration, and they reported lower quality of life relative to youth without tics. CONCLUSIONS The sudden, acute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms, high frequency of comorbidities (i.e., anxiety, behavioral regression, depression, and suicidality), and poor quality of life capture the PANS subgroup as suddenly and severely impaired youth. Identifying clinical characteristics of youth with PANS will allow clinicians to diagnose and treat this subtype of OCD with a more strategized and effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Priyal D. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Joseph F. McGuire
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Allison Kennel
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - P. Jane Mutch
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - E. Carla Parker-Athill
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Camille E. Hanks
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Adam B. Lewin
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Megan D. Toufexis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gul H. Dadlani
- Department of Pediatrics, All Children's Heart Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Carina A. Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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30
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Selles RR, Storch EA, Lewin AB. Variations in symptom prevalence and clinical correlates in younger versus older youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2014; 45:666-74. [PMID: 24549726 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in younger children. A sample of 292 treatment seeking youth with a primary diagnosis of OCD was divided into the young child (3-9 years old) and older child (10-18 years old) groups. Overall OCD severity did not differ between groups. However, older youth demonstrated stronger intensity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms, while younger children were rated as having less resistance and control of compulsions. Older youth exhibited increased occurrence of comorbid depression, and an increased occurrence of sexual, magical thinking, and somatic obsessions, as well as, checking, counting and magical thinking compulsions. Conversely, the group of younger children exhibited significantly poorer insight, increased incidence of hoarding compulsions, higher rates of comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior, and parent-rated anxiety, and more frequently exhibited hoarding compulsions. These differences suggest domains to consider when screening for OCD among younger/older pediatric cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Selles
- Departments of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,
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