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Ciner OA, Cilli AS, Yazici AB, Bakay H, Gica Ş. The effect of chronotypes on follow-up outcomes of patients with substance use disorder. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:247-258. [PMID: 38524170 PMCID: PMC10959913 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) can have circadian characteristics and individuals with evening chronotype are more prone to addiction. In this study, the effect of chronotypes on the treatment outcomes of SUD was investigated. The study included 66 patients who were diagnosed with SUD according to DSM-5. Two clinical interviews were conducted at 6-month intervals, and remission/relapse status was evaluated at the second interview. The Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Addiction Profile Index Practitioner Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) were applied to the patients. MEQ scores of relapsed patients were found to be different in terms of eveningness than those in remission (45.62 ± 8.70 versus 49.75 ± 7.60, p = 0.045). As the craving and addiction profile index total scores (addiction severity) increased, eveningness chronotype scores also increased (r = - 0.387 and r = - 0.286, respectively). The mean scores of craving and BDI were higher in relapsed patients compared to those in remission (p = 0.003 and p = 0.015, respectively). Our results suggest that patients with SUD had a lower morningness chronotype than the general population; additionally, more relapsed patients had an eveningness chronotype. Thus, chronotypes may play a role in the onset, prevention, and treatment outcome of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Akcay Ciner
- Department of Psychiatry, Duzce Ataturk State Hospital, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Ali Savas Cilli
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bakay
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Yunus Emre Mah. Beyşehir Cad. No: 281, Meram, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Şakir Gica
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Yunus Emre Mah. Beyşehir Cad. No: 281, Meram, 42090 Konya, Turkey
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Ceylan B, Kocoglu-Tanyer D, Sacikara Z, Sultan Dengiz K. The relationship between chronotype and food addiction: Serial mediation of social jetlag and psychological pain. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:485-494. [PMID: 38353208 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2315220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates how food addiction is related to chronotype, social jetlag, and psychological pain. Of the participants (n = 1,035 university students), 16.6% had a morning chronotype, 25.1% had an evening chronotype, and 25.1% were clinically addicted to eating. The mean sleep durations for participants were 7.41 ± 2.18 h and 8.95 ± 3.0 h on weekdays and weekends, respectively. The mean misalignment time for social jetlag was 1.45 ± 1.5 h. Food addiction, psychological pain, and social jetlag levels were high among participants with the evening chronotype. The risk factors for food addiction included being female, having an evening chronotype, and having high body mass index levels and psychological pain. The total indirect effect of psychological pain and social jetlag on the relationship between chronotype and food addiction was 20.6%. However, the social jetlag effect is relatively minor compared to psychological pain. The significant conclusions of this study are as follows. Clinical food addiction is prevalent among students, and a strong direct correlation between chronotype and food addiction was observed. The study emphasizes the importance of being aware of chronotype and mental status in establishing a healthy diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ceylan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | | | - Zeynep Sacikara
- Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kubra Sultan Dengiz
- Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Rigó A, Tóth-Király I, Magi A, Eisinger A, Demetrovics Z, Urbán R. Sensation seeking, drinking motives, and going out mediate the link between eveningness and alcohol use and problems in adolescence. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1187-1197. [PMID: 37722395 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the possible mediating factors in the morningness-eveningness → alcohol consumption relation. We explored the role of mediators such as sensation seeking, the frequency of going out in the evenings, and drinking motives. We tested the proposed mediation model via structural equation modeling based on cross-sectional research conducted among Hungarian adolescents and young adults (N = 1695, 42.5% male, Mage = 18.98, SDage = 1.89). The outcomes included the frequency of alcohol consumption and problematic drinking. Both alcohol consumption and problematic drinking were predicted in similar directions and magnitudes by sensation seeking, "going out," and coping drinking motives. However, eveningness still had a significant direct effect on alcohol consumption and problematic drinking after we controlled for sensation seeking, going out, and drinking motives. For problematic drinking, the possible role of drinking motives seems to be higher and more complex than it is for alcohol consumption. The mediators, such as sensation seeking, the amount of time spent out in the evenings, and drinking motives, can explain the eveningness → alcohol consumption relationship and should be targeted for alcohol prevention programs among evening-type adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Magi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Eisinger
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Menculini G, Steardo LJ, Verdolini N, D'Angelo M, Chipi E, Cirimbilli F, Orsolini L, Volpe U, De Fazio P, Tortorella A. Chronotype is associated with affective temperaments, clinical severity and worse treatment outcomes in bipolar disorders: results from a two-center, cross-sectional study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023; 27:248-256. [PMID: 36622183 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2160763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at investigating the clinical correlates of evening chronotype in a population of subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD). METHODS We assessed chronotype using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. We administered the brief Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Alda Scale to evaluate affective temperaments, impulsiveness, and response to mood stabilisers. We performed bivariate analyses and ran a logistic regression model to analyse clinical variables associated with evening chronotype. RESULTS In our sample (n = 178), subjects with an evening chronotype (n = 56, 31.5%) more often suffered from BD type I and reported higher prevalence of seasonality, antidepressant-induced mood switches, psychotic, aggressive, mixed, and anxiety features, and substance use disorders. The number of lifetime suicide attempts and mood episodes was higher in this subgroup. Depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores were higher among evening-chronotype subjects, who also displayed greater levels of impulsiveness and worse treatment response. At the logistic regression, evening chronotype was associated with depressive and irritable temperaments. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with evening chronotype display higher clinical severity and worse BD course. Clinicians should evaluate the presence of evening chronotype in BD subjects, especially in those with irritable or depressive temperament.Key pointsEvening chronotype is a frequent clinical feature in subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD);Affective temperaments, particularly depressive and irritable, are associated with evening chronotype in BD;Evening chronotype underpins higher severity of the clinical picture in BD, as well as a worse response to mood stabiliser treatment;Circadian preferences should be systematically assessed in subjects suffering from BD, with particular attention to evening preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menculini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Jr Steardo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina D'Angelo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Chipi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Cirimbilli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Sert H, Üngören Y, Pelin M, Horzum MB. Relationship between chronotypes, personality traits, and phubbing levels in university students. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2023.2169653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Havva Sert
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Medical Nursing, Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüsü, Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Yasin Üngören
- Sakarya University, Distance Education Research and Application Center, Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüsü, Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Meryem Pelin
- Sakarya University, Institute of Health Science, Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüsü, Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Barış Horzum
- Sakarya University, Distance Education Research and Application Center, Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüsü, Serdivan, Türkiye
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6
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Circadian functioning and quality of life in substance use disorder patients with and without comorbid schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110623. [PMID: 36029929 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are strongly linked with mental diseases such as substance use disorder (SUD) or schizophrenia (SZ) which can have a detrimental impact on quality of life (QOL), especially when both disorders are comorbid (dual disorder). In absence of studies about both circadian characteristics and QOL in patients with SUD and comorbid SZ (SUD + SZ), we examined a sample of 155 male under treatment, 75 with SUD + SZ and 80 only with SUD. Circadian functioning was evaluated by chronotype, social jet-lag and sleep quality (using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), while the QOL was obtained by the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL)-BREF. SUD + SZ patients were more evening type than SUD, and this chronotype was linked to polydrug use in total sample and SUD + SZ group. We observed that the comorbidity did not lead to worse sleep quality in the SUD and SUD + SZ patients. QOL was poorer in SUD + SZ patients, who showed a negative association of Physical health, Psychological health and Social relationship with suicide attempts and severity of SZ. Lastly, patients with worse QOL also reported poorer sleep quality suggesting that treatment could include circadian adjustments along with a focused approach to lifestyle improvement.
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7
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Xu C, Xu H, Yang Z, Guo C. Regional shape alteration of left thalamus associated with late chronotype in young adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:234-245. [PMID: 36597182 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2162916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype reflects individual differences in circadian rhythms and influences individual psychology and behavior. Previous studies found altered subcortical structures are closely related to individual chronotypes. However, these studies have been conducted mainly using voxel-based morphometry and traditional volume measurement methods with certain limitations. This study aimed to investigate subcortical aberrant volume and shape patterns in late chronotypes (LC) young adults compared to early chronotypes (EC) young adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and chronotype assessment were performed once for all participants, including 49 LC young adults and 49 matched EC young adults. The morningness and eveningness preferences were assessed using the Chronotype Questionnaire. A vertex-wise shape analysis was conducted to analyze structural MRI data. There were no significant differences in brain tissue volume and subcortical structural volume between groups. LC young adults showed significant regional shape atrophy in the left ventral posterior thalamus compared to EC individuals. A significant correlation was found between the regional shape atrophy of left ventral posterior thalamus and the score of Chronotype Questionnaire in LC young adults. Regional shape alteration of left thalamus was closely related to the chronotype, and LC may be a potential risk factor for sleep-related behavioral and mental problems in young adults. However, the predominantly female sample and the failure to investigate the effect of chronotype on the subcortical structure-function network are limitations of this study. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the temporal characteristics of thalamic shape changes and consequent behavioral and psychiatric problems in adults with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenliang Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Yao,
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Qing Lu,
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9
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Hatoum AS, Winiger EA, Morrison CL, Johnson EC, Agrawal A. Characterisation of the genetic relationship between the domains of sleep and circadian-related behaviours with substance use phenotypes. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13184. [PMID: 35754104 PMCID: PMC10038127 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems and substance use frequently co-occur. While substance use can result in specific sleep deficits, genetic pleiotropy could explain part of the relationship between sleep and substance use and use disorders. Here we use the largest publicly available genome-wide summary statistics of substance use behaviours (N = 79,729-632,802) and sleep/activity phenotypes to date (N = 85,502-449,734) to (1) assess the genetic overlap between substance use behaviours and both sleep and circadian-related activity measures, (2) estimate clusters from genetic correlations and (3) test processes of causality versus genetic pleiotropy. We found 31 genetic correlations between substance use and sleep/activity after Bonferroni correction. These patterns of overlap were represented by two genetic clusters: (1) tobacco use severity (age of first regular tobacco use and smoking cessation) and sleep health (sleep duration, sleep efficiency and chronotype) and (2) substance consumption/problematic use (drinks per day and cigarettes per day, cannabis use disorder, opioid use disorder and problematic alcohol use) and sleep problems (insomnia, self-reported short sleep duration, increased number of sleep episodes, increased sleep duration variability and diurnal inactivity) and measures of circadian-related activity (L5, M10 and sleep midpoint). Latent causal variable analyses determined that horizontal pleiotropy (rather than genetic causality) underlies a majority of the associations between substance use and sleep/circadian related measures, except one plausible genetically causal relationship for opioid use disorder on self-reported long sleep duration. Results show that shared genetics are likely a mechanism that is at least partly responsible for the overlap between sleep and substance use traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Hatoum
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Evan A. Winiger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - Claire L. Morrison
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis, USA
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10
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Zareba MR, Fafrowicz M, Marek T, Beldzik E, Oginska H, Domagalik A. Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1990501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rafal Zareba
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Brain Imaging Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Beldzik
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halszka Oginska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Brain Imaging Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Winiger EA, Ellingson JM, Morrison CL, Corley RP, Pasman JA, Wall TL, Hopfer CJ, Hewitt JK. Sleep deficits and cannabis use behaviors: an analysis of shared genetics using linkage disequilibrium score regression and polygenic risk prediction. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa188. [PMID: 32935850 PMCID: PMC7953210 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Estimate the genetic relationship of cannabis use with sleep deficits and an eveningness chronotype. METHODS We used linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to analyze genetic correlations between sleep deficits and cannabis use behaviors. Secondly, we generated sleep deficit polygenic risk score (PRS) and estimated their ability to predict cannabis use behaviors using linear and logistic regression. Summary statistics came from existing genome-wide association studies of European ancestry that were focused on sleep duration, insomnia, chronotype, lifetime cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder (CUD). A target sample for PRS prediction consisted of high-risk participants and participants from twin/family community-based studies (European ancestry; n = 760, male = 64%; mean age = 26.78 years). Target data consisted of self-reported sleep (sleep duration, feeling tired, and taking naps) and cannabis use behaviors (lifetime ever use, number of lifetime uses, past 180-day use, age of first use, and lifetime CUD symptoms). RESULTS Significant genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and an eveningness chronotype (rG = 0.24, p < 0.001), as well as between CUD and both short sleep duration (<7 h; rG = 0.23, p = 0.017) and insomnia (rG = 0.20, p = 0.020). Insomnia PRS predicted earlier age of first cannabis use (OR = 0.92, p = 0.036) and increased lifetime CUD symptom count (OR = 1.09, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Cannabis use is genetically associated with both sleep deficits and an eveningness chronotype, suggesting that there are genes that predispose individuals to both cannabis use and sleep deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Winiger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
| | - Jarrod M Ellingson
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Claire L Morrison
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
| | - Joëlle A Pasman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO
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12
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Predicting Women's Sexual Function Based on Circadian Rhythms and Anxiety Sensitivity. PREVENTIVE CARE IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/pcnm.11.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Hashemzadeh I, Marquez-Arrico JE, Hashemzadeh K, Navarro JF, Adan A. Circadian Functioning and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorder Patients With and Without Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:750500. [PMID: 34777054 PMCID: PMC8586202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.750500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although a relationship between circadian disruption and development of several psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD), has been observed, knowledge on this area is scarce yet. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the circadian functioning and quality of life (QOL) in SUD patients with and without comorbid MDD, two highly prevalent clinical entities with difficult therapeutic management. Methods: One hundred sixty-three male patients under treatment, 81 with SUD and 82 with SUD comorbid major depressive disorder (SUD + MDD), were evaluated. For the circadian functioning assessment, we calculated Social Jet Lag (SJL) and used the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). QOL was measured using the shortened version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). We collected sociodemographic and clinical variables to evaluate their possible influence on the circadian functioning. Intergroup differences among the variables were examined by different analyses of covariance (ANCOVA and MANCOVA). The possible relationships of quantitative clinical variables with rMEQ, PSQI, and WHOQOL-BREF were explored using bivariate correlation analysis. Results: Lower SJL appears in the SUD + MDD group compared with SUD. The intermediate-type was more prevalent in the SUD group, while a higher percentage of morning-type patients was found in the SUD + MDD. Sleep quality (including latency and daytime dysfunction) was worse for SUD + MDD patients than for SUD even after controlling age and age of SUD onset variables. Last, QOL was poorer in patients with SUD + MDD and, for them, psychological health had a negative relationship with SJL and severity of depression. Conclusions: Our data support and extend previous findings indicating that SUD + MDD is associated with worse clinical characteristics, more sleep problems, and poorer QOL than SUD patients. These results underline the importance of a precise assessment of these measurements in future studies conducted in SUD patients with/without MDD comorbidity that could be considered from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Hashemzadeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia E Marquez-Arrico
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kosar Hashemzadeh
- Department of Psychology, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Spera V, Maiello M, Pallucchini A, Novi M, Elefante C, De Dominicis F, Palagini L, Biederman J, Perugi G. Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and clinical correlates of delayed sleep phase disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113162. [PMID: 32554185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD) in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Participants were 102 adults (Female= 27), aged 18-65 (mean age= 28.2 years), with ADHD diagnosed in adulthood. ADHD and DSPD diagnosis were made according to DSM-5 criteria. Assessing instruments included the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the brief Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Reactivity Intensity Polarity Stability Questionnaire-40 and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Epidemiological and Clinical features were compared in patients with and without DSPD. 34 out of 102 patients were classified as having a Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder. As expected, DSPD patients reported a more frequent evening chronotype. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder was significantly associated with young age, cannabis use, cyclothymic temperamental traits and severe global impairment. An early diagnosis with a proper treatment targeted to both disorders may be fundamental in order to improve the overall functioning and the outcome of adult ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Spera
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Maiello
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pallucchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Novi
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Elefante
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco De Dominicis
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giulio Perugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Kang TU, Moon E, Choi Y, Suh H, Park JM, Lee BD, Lee YM, Jeong HJ, Kim SY, Lee K, Lim HJ, Yoon M. Anger-Related Characteristics According to Chronotypes in Bipolar or Depressive Disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:880-888. [PMID: 32894930 PMCID: PMC7538243 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though anger was highly associated with eveningness in general population, there is no study on the relationship between chronotype and anger-related characteristics in bipolar or depressive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the difference of anger-related characteristics according to chronotypes in bipolar or depressive disorders. METHODS Patients with bipolar or depressive disorders (n=238) were included in this study. Their chronotypes and anger-related characteristics were assessed with a self-evaluation of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) and the Anger Coping Scale (ACS). RESULTS The eveningness group in patients with mood disorders showed the highest scores of anger-trait (p<0.001), anger-expression (p=0.002) and anger-in (p<0.001) in STAXI subscales, verbal aggression (p=0.010) in ACS subscales among three groups, but the morningess group showed the lowest scores of these subscales among three groups. However, there were no significant differences in all subscales of the STAXI and ACS according to diagnostic subtypes in the Friedman test. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that eveningness in patients with mood disorders might be related to anger proneness and maladaptive anger coping. To manage anger emotion in the patients with mood disorders, therapeutic interventions to modulate eveningness might be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Uk Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmi Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yoon
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Pukyung National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lin CY, Imani V, Griffiths MD, Broström A, Nygårdh A, Demetrovics Z, Pakpour AH. Temporal associations between morningness/eveningness, problematic social media use, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness: Mediated roles of sleep quality and insomnia among young adults. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13076. [PMID: 32406567 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The extant literature has suggested relationships between an individual's chronotype (in relation to morningness/eveningness) and several outcomes, including addictive disorders, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, sleep quality has been proposed to be a mediator in the aforementioned relationships. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the complex relationship between morningness/eveningness, problematic social media use, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness, with the potential mediators of sleep quality and insomnia. All participants (N = 1,791 [30.1% males]; mean age = 27.2 years, SD = 10.1) completed a battery of psychometric scales, including a reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (at baseline), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index (1 month after baseline assessment), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (2 months after baseline assessment). The impacts of morningness-eveningness on problematic social media use, anxiety, depression and daytime sleepiness were found in the mediation models. Furthermore, the mediated effects of insomnia and sleep quality were observed. The present study's results emphasize the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits and sleep hygiene behaviours, and that of early detection of sleep problems among individuals who have the eveningness chronotype, because this would significantly improve their health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Annette Nygårdh
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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17
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Gao H, Liu M, Luo X, Zhang J, Cai T. Application of the Chinese version of the addiction profile index (API) in drug users: an analysis of validity and measurement invariance across genders. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:28. [PMID: 32272937 PMCID: PMC7146950 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background In China, substance use disorders represent a significant burden on public health and the economy. However, while the range of drugs and drug markets expands and diversifies, the instruments available to evaluate users’ dependence statuses from multiple dimensions have become insufficient. Accordingly, the present study presents the Chinese version of the Addiction Profile Index (API), explores its reliability and validity, and investigates the measurement invariance between males and females with substance use disorders. Methods The API, a self-report questionnaire, was administered to 2252 people with substance use disorders who were undergoing treatment in compulsory detoxification institutions located in five provinces in China (943 females; mean age = 33.5 years old, SD = 8.6). Additionally, to ensure the authenticity of the collected data, the study’s volunteers completed the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), DUDIT-Extended (DUDIT-E), and the Health Scale for Drug Abusers (HSDA). Results The revised API, with its updated substance list, featured 34 items. The new four-factor model, incorporating behavioral symptoms of dependence, impact on social life, cravings, and motivations for detoxification, explained 55.30% of the total variance, indicating a good fit. Moreover, Cronbach’s α and mean item coefficient values showed good internal consistency reliability. Regarding criterion validity, the revised factors were moderately to highly correlated with their corresponding subscales in the DUDIT, DUDIT-E, and HSDA. In addition, the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a measurement invariance of the revised four-factor model across genders was supported, fully assuming different degrees of invariance. The three factors of symptoms, social life, and motivation exhibited significant differences between male and female participants in the t test results (p < 0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of the API shows good psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity, and exhibits measurement equivalence across the genders. Therefore, it could be used to comprehensively assess the severity of drug dependence in people with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meizhu Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China.
| | - Taisheng Cai
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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Antony JM, McDonald AC, Noorbakhsh F, Guthrie N, Evans M. Changing the Tone of Clinical Study Design in the Cannabis Industry. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:4-9. [PMID: 32104589 PMCID: PMC7029654 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (also known as marijuana) is the most frequently used psychoactive substance globally. Cannabis exerts therapeutic functions for many indications and has vast potential as a health and wellness product. Advances in our understanding of the composition and pharmacological properties of cannabis have revealed interactions between cannabis, an individuals’ circadian rhythms and their endocannabinoid signaling. Exogenously administered cannabinoids can bidirectionally entrain central and peripheral clocks that comprise circadian rhythms, and malfunctions in the endocannabinoid system are reported to impact neurological processes. Therefore, it is necessary to account for the circadian rhythm when designing clinical trials examining the pharmacological properties of cannabis-based products for health and wellness to limit its potential confounding impact on results. Consideration of the entrainment capabilities of the endocannabinoid system is warranted when designing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Belfry KD, Deibel SH, Kolla NJ. Time of Day Matters: An Exploratory Assessment of Chronotype in a Forensic Psychiatric Hospital. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:550597. [PMID: 33391041 PMCID: PMC7775360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.550597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence links the late chronotype to mental illness, aggression, and aversive personality traits. However, much of what we know about these associations is based on healthy cohorts, and it is unclear how individuals with high levels of aggression, including forensic psychiatric populations, but not offenders, are affected. The present study aimed to measure chronotype in a forensic psychiatric inpatient population, evaluate the impact of diagnosis, and identify any interactive relationships between chronotype, diagnosis, aggression, and dark triad traits. Subjects completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form (BPAQ-SF), and Short Dark Triad Questionnaire (SD3). We sampled 55 forensic psychiatric patients (52 males) between the ages of 23 and 73 years (mean ± SD: 39.6 ± 14.3 years). Among the patients sampled, 25% were evening types and 36% were morning types. Eveningness was greater in patients with a personality disorder; however, no chronotype differences were found for psychosis patients. Patients without psychosis had a positive association between anger and eveningness, as well as between hostility and eveningness. For subjects with a substance use disorder, morningness was positively associated with narcissism. Conversely, an association between eveningness and greater narcissism was identified in patients who did not have a substance use disorder. These findings suggest that, compared to the general population, evening types are more prevalent in forensic psychiatric populations, with the strongest preference among patients diagnosed with a personality disorder. No differences in chronotype were identified for psychosis patients, which may be related to anti-psychotic medication dosing. Given the sex distribution of the sample, these findings may be more relevant to male populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Belfry
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | - Scott H Deibel
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Didikoglu A, Maharani A, Payton A, Pendleton N, Canal MM. Longitudinal change of sleep timing: association between chronotype and longevity in older adults. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1285-1300. [PMID: 31328571 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1641111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evening-oriented sleep timing preferences have been associated with risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, psychiatric disorders, and increased mortality. This research aims to explore the relationship between diurnal preferences (chronotype), daily habits, metabolic health, and mortality, using longitudinal data from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age (6375 participants at inception, recruited in the North of England) with a long follow-up period (up to 35.5 years). Mixed models were used to investigate the influence of aging, socio-demographic, and seasonal factors on sleep timing. Results show that sleep timing shifted towards earlier time with aging. Test seasons influence chronotype of older adults but working schedules challenge seasonality of sleep timing. Moreover, the season of birth may set chronotype in adulthood. Individual chronotype trajectories were clustered using latent class analysis and analyzed against metabolic health and mortality. We observed a higher risk of hypertension in the evening-type cluster compared to morning-type individuals (Odds ratio = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.02/3.47, p = .04). Evening-type cluster was also associated with traits related to lower health such as reduced sport participation, increased risk of depression and psychoticism personality, late eating, and increased smoking and alcohol usage. Finally, Cox regression of proportional hazards was used to study the effects of chronotype on longevity after adjusting for sleep duration, age, gender, smoking, alcohol usage, general health, and social class. The survival analysis (82.6% censored by death) revealed that evening-type chronotype increased the likelihood of mortality (Hazard ratio = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.04/1.26, p = .005). Taken together, chronotype is influenced by aging and seasonal effects. Evening-type preference may have detrimental outcomes for human well-being and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Asri Maharani
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Antony Payton
- b Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- a Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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21
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Ágoston C, Urbán R, Rigó A, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Morningness-eveningness and caffeine consumption: A largescale path-analysis study. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1301-1309. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1624372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Ágoston
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Kandeger A, Selvi Y, Tanyer DK. The effects of individual circadian rhythm differences on insomnia, impulsivity, and food addiction. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:47-55. [PMID: 29856005 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals can generally be divided into morning, neither and evening types according to behavioral, psychological, and biological variables including appetite levels, usual meal times, sleep times, and melatonin secretion. These factors together identify a person as being part of a certain chronotype, i.e., as feeling more efficient either in the morning (morning type) or later in the day (evening type). Food addiction is defined as addictive behavior toward palatable foods and is thought to be one of the underlying risk factors for obesity. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between circadian rhythm differences and food addiction via insomnia and impulsivity in university students. METHOD Participants were 1323 university students, filled out a package of psychological tools, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form, and Yale Food Addiction Scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate direct relation of food addiction with insomnia, impulsivity and obesity, and mediation regression analysis was used to investigate the indirect effect of circadian rhythm differences on food addiction. RESULTS Our findings indicated that evening types were more prone to insomnia and impulsivity, and also insomnia and impulsivity significantly contributed to the variance of food addiction. Although there was no significant linear relationship between circadian rhythm differences and food addiction, evening-type circadian preferences were indirectly associated with higher food addiction scores mediated by insomnia and impulsivity. CONCLUSION The most remarkable result of our work was that circadian rhythm differences seem to indirectly effect on food addiction through elevated insomnia and impulsivity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kandeger
- Department of Psychiatry, Isparta City Hospital, 32200, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Yavuz Selvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Medicine Faculty, Konya, Turkey.,Selcuk University Neuroscience Research Center (SAM), Konya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kocoglu Tanyer
- Public Health Nursing Department, Health Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Ruby CL, Paye G, Fabi JL, Zhang J, Risinger MO, Palmer KN, Verbanes NM, D'Angelo A, Watts TM, Mabe L, Swartzwelder HS. Sex Differences in Photic Entrainment and Sensitivity to Ethanol-Induced Chronodisruption in Adult Mice After Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2144-2159. [PMID: 30102762 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports a role for the circadian system in alcohol use disorders, but the impact of adolescent alcohol exposure on circadian timing later in life is unknown. Acute ethanol (EtOH) attenuates circadian photic phase-resetting in adult, but not adolescent, rodents. However, nearly all studies have focused on males and it is unknown whether this adolescent-typical insensitivity to EtOH persists into adulthood after adolescent drinking. METHODS Circadian activity was monitored in C57BL/6J mice receiving adolescent intermittent EtOH (AIE) exposure (15% EtOH and water every other day throughout adolescence) or water alone followed by 24 days wherein EtOH was not available (washout). Mice then received a challenge dose of EtOH (1.5 g/kg, intraperitoneal) or saline 15 minutes prior to a 30-minute phase-delaying light pulse and then were released into constant darkness (DD). To control for possible phase-shifting by EtOH challenge alone, a separate group of mice underwent AIE exposure (or water-only) and washout and then received an EtOH or saline injection, but did not receive a light pulse prior to DD. RESULTS Striking sex differences in nearly all measures of circadian photic entrainment were observed during adolescence but AIE effects were subtle and few. Only EtOH-naïve adult male mice showed attenuated photic phase-shifts with EtOH challenge, while all other groups showed normal phase-resetting responses to light. AIE-exposed females showed a persistent delay in activity offset. CONCLUSIONS Adult male AIE-exposed mice retained adolescent-like insensitivity to EtOH-induced suppression of photic phase-resetting, suggesting AIE-induced "lock-in" of an adolescent behavioral phenotype. Adult AIE-exposed females showed delayed initiation of the rest phase. Our results also indicate that intermittent EtOH drinking has subtle effects on circadian activity in mice during adolescence that differ from previously reported effects on adult males. The observed sex differences in circadian activity, EtOH consumption and preference, and responses to EtOH challenge merit future mechanistic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerneleh Paye
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason L Fabi
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan O Risinger
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlyn N Palmer
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie M Verbanes
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Ariana D'Angelo
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Tia M Watts
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Mabe
- Department of Biology , Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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24
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Borgio JGF, Koga CMT, Matynhak B, Louzada FM. Impairment of sleep quality and quality of life in bimodal chronotype individuals. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1179-1184. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1464463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Fiorani Borgio
- Physiology, Universidade Federal do Parana Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Curitiba, Brazil
- Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Parana Setor de Ciencias da Saude, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Matynhak
- Physiology, Universidade Federal do Parana Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Curitiba, Brazil
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronotype, reflecting interindividual differences in daily activity patterns and sleep-wake cycles, is intrinsically connected with well-being. Research indicates increased risk of many adverse mental health outcomes for evening-type individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the current evidence available on the relationship between chronotype and psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The association between eveningness and depression is well established cross-sectionally, with preliminary support from longitudinal studies. The mechanisms underlying this relationship warrant further research; deficient cognitive-emotional processes have recently been implicated. Eveningness is associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, and the propensity of evening types to addiction has been recognized. Chronotype may also be implicated in disordered eating. SUMMARY Eveningness is associated with depression-including seasonal affective disorder (SAD)-and substance dependence, while support for a relation with anxiety disorders and psychosis is lacking. In bipolar disorder, chronotype is linked to depression but not mania. Eveningness is also related to sleep disturbances and poor lifestyle habits, which may increase risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liia Kivelä
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinos Rodolfos Papadopoulos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Gulick D, Gamsby JJ. Racing the clock: The role of circadian rhythmicity in addiction across the lifespan. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:124-139. [PMID: 29551440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although potent effects of psychoactive drugs on circadian rhythms were first described over 30 years ago, research into the reciprocal relationship between the reward system and the circadian system - and the impact of this relationship on addiction - has only become a focus in the last decade. Nonetheless, great progress has been made in that short time toward understanding how drugs of abuse impact the molecular and physiological circadian clocks, as well as how disruption of normal circadian rhythm biology may contribute to addiction and ameliorate the efficacy of treatments for addiction. In particular, data have emerged demonstrating that disrupted circadian rhythms, such as those observed in shift workers and adolescents, increase susceptibility to addiction. Furthermore, circadian rhythms and addiction impact one another longitudinally - specifically from adolescence to the elderly. In this review, the current understanding of how the circadian clock interacts with substances of abuse within the context of age-dependent changes in rhythmicity, including the potential existence of a drug-sensitive clock, the correlation between chronotype and addiction vulnerability, and the importance of rhythmicity in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is discussed. The primary focus is on alcohol addiction, as the preponderance of research is in this area, with references to other addictions as warranted. The implications of clock-drug interactions for the treatment of addiction will also be reviewed, and the potential of therapeutics that reset the circadian rhythm will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gulick
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Joshua J Gamsby
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Melroy-Greif WE, Gizer IR, Wilhelmsen KC, Ehlers CL. Genetic Influences on Evening Preference Overlap with Those for Bipolar Disorder in a Sample of Mexican Americans and American Indians. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:499-510. [PMID: 29192581 PMCID: PMC6013261 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal preference (e.g., being an owl or lark) has been associated with several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Previous large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aimed at identifying genetic influences on diurnal preference have exclusively included subjects of European ancestry. This study examined the genetic architecture of diurnal preference in two minority samples: a young adult sample of Mexican Americans (MAs), and a family-based sample of American Indians (AIs). Typed or imputed variants from exome chip data from the MA sample and low pass whole-genome sequencing from the AI cohort were analyzed using a mixed linear model approach for association with being an owl, as defined by a usual bedtime after 23:00 hrs. Genetic risk score (GRS) profiling detected shared genetic risk between evening preference and related disorders. Four variants in KIAA1549 like (KIAA1549L), a gene previously associated with attempted suicide in bipolar patients, were suggestively associated with being an owl at p < 1.82E-05; post hoc analyses showed the top variant trending in both the MA and AI cohorts at p = 2.50E-05 and p = .030, respectively. Variants associated with BP at p < .03 from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium nominally predicted being an owl in the MA/AI cohort at p = .012. This study provides some additional evidence that genetic risk factors for BP also confer risk for being an owl in MAs/AIs and that evening preference may be a useful endophenotype for future studies of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kirk C. Wilhelmsen
- Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ruby CL, Palmer KN, Zhang J, Risinger MO, Butkowski MA, Swartzwelder HS. Differential Sensitivity to Ethanol-Induced Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Adolescent and Adult Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 41:187-196. [PMID: 27997028 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports a central role for the circadian system in alcohol use disorders, but few studies have examined this relationship during adolescence. In mammals, circadian rhythms are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a biological clock whose timing is synchronized (reset) to the environment primarily by light (photic) input. Alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) disrupts circadian timing in part by attenuating photic phase-resetting responses in adult rodents. However, circadian rhythms change throughout life and it is not yet known whether EtOH has similar effects on circadian regulation during adolescence. METHODS General circadian locomotor activity was monitored in male C57BL6/J mice beginning in adolescence (P27) or adulthood (P61) in a 12-hour light, 12-hour dark photocycle for ~2 weeks to establish baseline circadian activity measures. On the day of the experiment, mice received an acute injection of EtOH (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) or equal volume saline 15 minutes prior to a 30-minute light pulse at Zeitgeber Time 14 (2 hours into the dark phase) and then were released into constant darkness (DD) for ~2 weeks to assess phase-resetting responses. Control mice of each age-group received injections but no light pulse prior to DD. RESULTS While adults showed the expected decrease in photic phase-delays induced by acute EtOH, this effect was absent in adolescent mice. Adolescents also showed baseline differences in circadian rhythmicity compared to adults, including advanced photocycle entrainment, larger photic phase-delays, a shorter free-running (endogenous) circadian period, and greater circadian rhythm amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that adolescent mice are less sensitive to the effect of EtOH on circadian photic phase-resetting and that their daily activity rhythms are markedly different than those of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlyn N Palmer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan O Risinger
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa A Butkowski
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Neurobiology Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Circadian preferences, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in bipolar disorder: A community study. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 301:23-29. [PMID: 27836181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess circadian preference among a community sample of people with bipolar disorder, major depression and without any mood disorders. Secondly, we investigated the association of circadian preference with cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), uric acid and Protein Carbonyl Content (PCC). METHOD A cross-sectional study nested in a population-based sample. Caseness was confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. A sample of 215 participants, in whom we measured circadian preferences, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TBARS, uric acid, PCC. Biological rhythms were evaluated using the Biological Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. RESULTS Bipolar group presented a higher alteration in biological rhythms (40.40±9.78) when compared with the major depression group (36.35±9.18) and control group (27.61±6.89) p<0.001. Subjects with bipolar disorder who were active at night and had a day/night cycle reverse showed decreased levels of IL-6 (t, 44=2.096; p=0.042), (t, 44=2.213; p=0.032), respectively. In the bipolar disorder group subjects who presented day/night cycle reverse had lower TBARS levels (t, 41=2.612; p=0.013). TNF-α were decreased in subjects more active at night with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Lower serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TBARS were associated with evening preference in bipolar disorder group. These findings suggest that chronotype may alter the levels of interleukins and oxidative stress levels in bipolar and healthy subjects. A better understanding of the role of circadian preferences in levels of interleukins and oxidative stress are needed.
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Chrobak AA, Tereszko A, Dembinska-Krajewska D, Arciszewska A, Siwek M, Dudek D, Rybakowski J. Morningness–eveningness and affective temperaments assessed by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:57-65. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1236806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Tereszko
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Arciszewska
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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31
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Nowakowska-Domagała K, Mokros Ł, Jabłkowska-Górecka K, Grzelińska J, Pietras T. The relationship between chronotype and personality among patients with alcohol dependence syndrome: Pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1351-1358. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1213738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mokros
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Grzelińska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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